149 lines
17 KiB
XML
149 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="AB3F4494EB7EF8DA1A9D7D7F808D5842" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5396.1.13" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="1CCB5F08-CD60-423D-9E32-91480A39465D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1703840934995" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hakim, Marina, Azar, Dany & Huang, Di-Ying" docDate="2023" docId="03D64A58D236FFA21CC0F80461459D8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5396.1.13.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5396 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5396.1.13/52606" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Burmempheria curvatavena Li, Wang & Yao 2022" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="FFEF3220D23FFFA81C57FF8565649E2A" masterDocTitle="First record of fossil psocodeans in copula from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="74" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1703841000482" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="17B64C7AC8CE7B59875D531B2467E31B">First record of fossil psocodeans in copula from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4C7DCEE14801F8101A8E09D3091BA1B3">Hakim, Marina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6E05DFA926B6BF2A77708E533216920C">State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B48F9239E65A098E45E819D56B29EF79">Azar, Dany</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="93F39796B9266E4EECCE1DA0A3B271E2">State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China & Lebanese University, Faculty of Science II, Natural Sciences Department, Fanar - El-Matn, PO box 26110217, Lebanon</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C5560813779C4D4E8A6030E58ACD714">Huang, Di-Ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="050EF0F4F427425DBF138D82D0E5393F">State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="69BD2F945A003B70EB01172F391A66A4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2A1E04817C50F7FCA517F767EF50FA1C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B359BD18B6E58EE711FECBEB8D1C93F3">2023-12-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D8DBA160C9ADF86476DDC36EB9603B61">5396</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C365A8C5D236FFA11CC0F804666099B6" box="[151,772,1921,1948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC0FB4ED236FFA11CC0F804666099B6" blockId="9.[151,772,1921,1948]" box="[151,772,1921,1948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">
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<heading id="D0884C22D236FFA11CC0F804666099B6" bold="true" box="[151,772,1921,1948]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F80CDD236FFA11CC0F804666099B6" authority="Li, Wang & Yao, 2022" authorityName="Li, Wang & Yao" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,772,1921,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Empheriidae" genus="Burmempheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatavena">
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD236FFA11CC0F804666099B6" bold="true" box="[151,772,1921,1948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD236FFA11CC0F804648F99B6" bold="true" box="[151,491,1921,1948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">Burmempheria curvatavena</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE86BFD236FFA11DA5F804666099B6" author="Li, S. & Yoshizawa, K. & Wang, Q. Z. & Ren, D. & Bai, M. & Yao, Y. Z." box="[498,772,1921,1948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" pagination="907903" refId="ref9621" refString="Li, S., Yoshizawa, K., Wang, Q. Z., Ren, D., Bai, M. & Yao, Y. Z. (2022) New genus and species of Empheriidae (Insecta: Psocodea: Trogiomorpha) and their implication for the phylogeny of infraorder Atropetae. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, 907903. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fevo. 2022.907903" type="journal article" year="2022">Li, Wang & Yao, 2022</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C365A8C5D236FFA21CC0F84F61459D8F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC0FB4ED236FFA21CC0F84F661C9FA3" blockId="9.[151,1436,1994,2020]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD236FFA11CC0F84F646F99CE" bold="true" box="[151,267,1994,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The two main diagnostic differences listed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE86BFD236FFA11F4BF84F66A399CE" author="Li, S. & Yoshizawa, K. & Wang, Q. Z. & Ren, D. & Bai, M. & Yao, Y. Z." box="[796,967,1994,2020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" pagination="907903" refId="ref9621" refString="Li, S., Yoshizawa, K., Wang, Q. Z., Ren, D., Bai, M. & Yao, Y. Z. (2022) New genus and species of Empheriidae (Insecta: Psocodea: Trogiomorpha) and their implication for the phylogeny of infraorder Atropetae. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, 907903. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fevo. 2022.907903" type="journal article" year="2022">
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Li
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD236FFA11F6BF84E660A99CE" box="[828,878,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
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. (2022)
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</bibRefCitation>
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between
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F80CDD236FFA11864F84F600899CE" authorityName="Li, Wang & Yao" authorityYear="2022" box="[1075,1388,1994,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Empheriidae" genus="Burmempheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatavena">
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD236FFA11864F84F600899CE" box="[1075,1388,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">Burmempheria curvatavena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F80CDD235FFA21D2AFF1267419E9B" authorityName="Li, Wang & Yao" authorityYear="2020" box="[381,549,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Empheriidae" genus="Burmempheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD235FFA21D2AFF1267419E9B" box="[381,549,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">Burmempheria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are: 1) the ‘tibiae with three apical setae’; and 2) the ‘common stem M
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<subScript id="17FBF90BD235FFA21900FF2C60149E9D" attach="left" box="[1367,1392,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">1+2</subScript>
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extremely long, compared to fork M
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<subScript id="17FBF90BD235FFA21E46FF48677D9EF1" attach="left" box="[529,537,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">1</subScript>
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+M
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<subScript id="17FBF90BD235FFA21E16FF48672D9EF1" attach="left" box="[577,585,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">2</subScript>
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’. Based on our observations of specimen CNU-PSO-MA2015003 (
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<typeStatus id="54C445ECD235FFA2196FFF3E60F89EFF" box="[1336,1436,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F80CDD235FFA21CE3FF5A64889ED2" authorityName="Li, Wang & Yao" authorityYear="2022" box="[180,492,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Empheriidae" genus="Burmempheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatavena">
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD235FFA21CE3FF5A64889ED2" box="[180,492,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">Burmempheria curvatavena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), tibiae do appear to have three apical spines—though also likely in the other species; refer to the Remarks sections above—, but the length of common stem M
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<subScript id="17FBF90BD235FFA21F94FE9066B89F09" attach="left" box="[963,988,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">1+2</subScript>
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compared to fork M
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<subScript id="17FBF90BD235FFA21897FE9061AC9F09" attach="left" box="[1216,1224,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">1</subScript>
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+M
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<subScript id="17FBF90BD235FFA218A6FE90619D9F09" attach="left" box="[1265,1273,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">2</subScript>
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is only clearly visible in one wing since the second forewing of the pair is apically twisted. Nonetheless, the fork in the twisted wing seems to be longer, which potentially suggests that the smaller fork is a teratism. With just a single specimen available for this species, no conclusive decisions can be reached.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC0FB4ED235FFA21C90FE16643F9FDF" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">
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We also note the presence of a three-angled basi-radial cell (as illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE86BFD235FFA2184DFE1661DE9F87" author="Li, S. & Yoshizawa, K. & Wang, Q. Z. & Ren, D. & Bai, M. & Yao, Y. Z." box="[1050,1210,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" pagination="907903" refId="ref9621" refString="Li, S., Yoshizawa, K., Wang, Q. Z., Ren, D., Bai, M. & Yao, Y. Z. (2022) New genus and species of Empheriidae (Insecta: Psocodea: Trogiomorpha) and their implication for the phylogeny of infraorder Atropetae. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, 907903. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fevo. 2022.907903" type="journal article" year="2022">
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Li
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD235FFA2186DFE16610E9F87" box="[1082,1130,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
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., 2022
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</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 4E) in one hind wing, but four-angled in the second hind wing. The collection of future material will help to indicate which venation pattern is correct.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC0FB4ED235FFA21C90FE7A64749D3F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">
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The abdomen is covered in impurities distally, which hinders the observation of the external genitalia. An accurate assignation of the gender of CNU-PSO-MA2015003 is difficult.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE86BFD235FFA21FB0FDA661F39C17" author="Li, S. & Yoshizawa, K. & Wang, Q. Z. & Ren, D. & Bai, M. & Yao, Y. Z." box="[999,1175,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" pagination="907903" refId="ref9621" refString="Li, S., Yoshizawa, K., Wang, Q. Z., Ren, D., Bai, M. & Yao, Y. Z. (2022) New genus and species of Empheriidae (Insecta: Psocodea: Trogiomorpha) and their implication for the phylogeny of infraorder Atropetae. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, 907903. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fevo. 2022.907903" type="journal article" year="2022">
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Li
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD235FFA2185EFDA661589C17" box="[1033,1084,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
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. (2022)
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</bibRefCitation>
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listed the specimen as male; on the other hand, we could not clearly observe any structures to suggest the presence of a hypandrium nor did we view the female external valvulae either, but we did note the presence of two distinct long setae pointed forwards, near the apical section of the abdomen. They are similar to those observed at the apex of the external valvulae in some empheriids (
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD235FFA21DA6FD3664999CE6" box="[497,509,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">e</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD235FFA21E52FD3667779CE6" box="[517,531,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">g</emphasis>
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., Baz and Ortuño, 2001: fig. 8D), therefore, the specimen might potentially be female, with the external valvulae possibly clustered together and to the abdomen but rendered hard to see by the impurities.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC0FB4ED235FFA21C90FC9A61459D8F" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F80CDD235FFA21C90FC9A67669D12" authorityName="Li, Wang & Yao" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,514,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Empheriidae" genus="Burmempheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatavena">
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD235FFA21C90FC9A67669D12" box="[199,514,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">Burmempheria curvatavena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be synonymous to either
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F80CDD235FFA21F21FC9A61AE9D13" box="[886,1226,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Empheriidae" genus="Burmempheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="densuschaetae">
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD235FFA21F21FC9A61AE9D13" box="[886,1226,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">Burmempheria densuschaetae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F80CDD235FFA218A3FC9A644F9D77" class="Insecta" family="Empheriidae" genus="Burmempheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raruschaetae">
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD235FFA218A3FC9A644F9D77" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">Burmempheria raruschaetae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—or even both (refer to previous Remarks section). Otherwise, reliable characters are vital to maintain the validity of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F80CDD235FFA21D6BFCE267119DAA" authorityName="Li, Wang & Yao" authorityYear="2022" box="[316,629,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Empheriidae" genus="Burmempheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psocodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvatavena">
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<emphasis id="B90B275CD235FFA21D6BFCE267119DAA" box="[316,629,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">Burmempheria curvatavena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. As data on this genus is still lacking or sometimes doubtful, we refrain for now from declaring any synonymies until more information can be collected.
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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