450 lines
45 KiB
XML
450 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="E9FC3B95BEE7FD86A848E5E0779CBE59" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.642.4.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214353" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1722597776721" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Palestina-Villa, Elvia Naara, Garibay-Orijel, Roberto, Chen, Jie, Parra, Luis Alberto, Águila, Bernardo & Medel-Ortiz, Rosario" docDate="2024" docId="03D4EA2AFFF9E0741093EF27FC7160E6" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.642.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 642 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.642.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Agaricus cervinoculus Palestina-Villa, Medel, R. Garibay-Orijel, Linda J. Chen & L. A. Parra, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="237" masterDocId="FFED9252FFFDE07C101BE947FFB3644E" masterDocTitle="Agaricus cervinoculus sp. nov. (Agaricaceae), a new wild edible mushroom from Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="241" masterPageNumber="229" pageNumber="233" updateTime="1725885525580" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="BEE1A6AC57FFD82BBB118AF89BEF4C43">Agaricus cervinoculus sp. nov. (Agaricaceae), a new wild edible mushroom from Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D251E6143944851D455A188C76D996B">Palestina-Villa, Elvia Naara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B3A820A62C53BD0604C33FCCA1DA848">Doctorado en Micología Aplicada, Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, 91010, Veracruz, México</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F6F0E6AC14EE5C9BE3060302CD3545E" type="email">npalestinavilla@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5DB2BA572D20B36D6142B018160442AA">Garibay-Orijel, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68D24DCE714FB5033D829907C3787410">Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F97412BDCE12DB7522C9936DA196CBF0" type="email">rgaribay@ib.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CCE86DF5994D22A58CC68DE45DFD1121">Chen, Jie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A34E0C55BB5C3D540E298E79D5F65B15">Unidad Académica de Biotecnología y Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica de Huatusco, Huatusco, 94116, Veracruz, México</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DEFE006802007C3F3C9554EA2AE37EEF" type="email">chenjie0917@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7959F3C4C463BF780F1FC5BB2D7394BC">Parra, Luis Alberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED13D5EBA3CAC9E7FEDB691593B091C2">Avda. Miranda do Douro 7, 5 º G, 09400 Aranda de Duero, Burgos, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="27931E4CA7AD8FC8722F783D24B0B312" type="email">agaricus@telefonica.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0CD9AA16D0D4D1AEDE27F30A9186017E">Águila, Bernardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D804D116750659DE646F4E35254B498E">Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3D08F2932F56286F88668E8C6214E362" type="email">basbajo12@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8663CB007BA49AF96661F6EA8CF6657A">Medel-Ortiz, Rosario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F95A1D2D3837EF84D0273FBB3A934A1" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3351-991X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="327F3EF998FF196155C27D8885ED470C">Laboratorio de Micología Integral, Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, 91010, Veracruz, México</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="954E0BADE1E7FDCE6EF5B20EAD046DB5" type="email">romedel@uv.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="046E290DF7F0B622898005DFF9F60A55">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2CC85EE9F67065E1C75DF293189FC956">
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<mods:date id="F40FE4662320233C8A7A56B79F87DBDD">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3B7C5D8619F871704B2C07AD9D7F864C">2024-04-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AC518EFE676FCF1DFD5DA9868471E853">642</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="13A53015E9AE9AB0CB66A99410C40196">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.642.4.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8789B90EBEBF7A480A1281E95B28D484">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3FA8E178F478A25E635E50A8A2DD195D" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="153B78782B3743C4A1405721E5AA9668" type="Zenodo-Dep">13214353</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D4EA2AFFF9E0741093EF27FC7160E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4EA2AFFF9E0741093EF27FC7160E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4EA2AFFF9E0741093EF27FC7160E6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
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<subSubSection id="C36708B7FFF9E0781093EF27FE1162D1" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF9E0781093EF27FE1162D1" blockId="4.[136,1419,1632,1695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF9E0781093EF27FB1B6235" authority="Palestina-Villa, Medel, R. Garibay-Orijel, Linda J. Chen & L.A. Parra" box="[136,1192,1632,1659]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cervinoculus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E0781093EF27FE386235" bold="true" box="[136,395,1632,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Agaricus cervinoculus</emphasis>
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||
Palestina-Villa, Medel, R. Garibay-Orijel, Linda J. Chen & L.A. Parra
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E07814A8EF26FAB96234" box="[1203,1290,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23A3A55FFF9E07814A8EF26FAB96234" box="[1203,1290,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134647B9FFF9E0781502EF27FA306234" box="[1305,1411,1632,1658]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="6.[136,229,1952,1974]" captionStartId-1="7.[136,229,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox-0="[185,1402,353,1928]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1396,190,1743]" captionTargetId-0="figure-107@6.[185,1402,353,1928]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@7.[191,1396,190,1746]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Macroscopic characteristics of Agaricus cervinoculus. A–C. Basidiomata (A: MEXU-HO30375 holotype, B–C: MEXU- HO30387). D–F. Annulus detail (D: MEXU-HO30375 holotype, E: PV105, F: PV70A). G. Color change in context (PV70A). H. KOH reaction (PV62). Photos by E.N. Palestina-Villa." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Microscopic characteristics of Agaricus cervinoculus. A. Spores (PV83). B. Basidia (PV83). C–E. Cheilocystidia (C-D: MEXUHO30387, E: PV98). F. Hyphae of the lower surface of the annulus (PV72). G–H. Pileipellis hyphae and a terminal element with an asterisk (G: MEXU-HO30387, H: PV105). Scale bars = 5 µm. Photos by E. N. Palestina-Villa." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214359" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214361" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13214359/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13214361/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E0781093EFC3FEA762D0" bold="true" box="[136,276,1668,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">MycoBank:</emphasis>
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MB 852840
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36708B7FFF9E0781093EF97FA396347" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF9E0781093EF97FA396347" blockId="4.[136,1451,1744,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
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<materialsCitation id="3B155161FFF9E0781093EF97FB5B6344" collectingDate="2022-09-23" collectorName="E. N. Palestina-Villa" country="Mexico" county="Type" elevation="2998" latitude="19.553165" location="Tembladeras" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-97.10997" municipality="Perote" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCounty id="62A323B0FFF9E0781093EF97FF0862AB" box="[136,187,1744,1765]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Type</collectingCounty>
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:—
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<collectingCountry id="F36A1BACFFF9E07810CCEF97FE8962AB" box="[215,314,1744,1765]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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<collectingRegion id="49B995DEFFF9E078115BEF97FE2F62AB" box="[320,412,1744,1765]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BA6C146FFF9E07811B8EF97FE5362AB" box="[419,480,1744,1765]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Perote</collectingMunicipality>
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municipality,
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<location id="8EA20DE7FFF9E078127DEF97FD5762A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4EA2AFFF9E0741093EF27FC7160E6:8EA20DE7FFF9E078127DEF97FD5762A8" box="[614,740,1744,1766]" country="Mexico" county="Type" latitude="19.553165" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-97.10997" municipality="Perote" name="Tembladeras" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Tembladeras</location>
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,
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||
<quantity id="4C85F6D9FFF9E07812F7EF97FC8162AB" box="[748,818,1744,1765]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.998" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="2998.0">
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<elevation id="0050BC0FFFF9E07812F7EF97FC8162AB" box="[748,818,1744,1765]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.998" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="2998.0">2998 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
elev.,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE493DFBFFF9E0781376EF97FBB362AB" box="[877,1024,1744,1765]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" precision="1" seconds="11.4" value="19.553165">19°33’11.4’’ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE493DFBFFF9E078141CEF97FB1362AB" box="[1031,1184,1744,1766]" degrees="97" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" precision="1" seconds="35.9" value="-97.10997">97°06’35.9’’ W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, in zacatonal (
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF9E0781538EF97FF6D6347" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spp">
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||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E0781538EF97FF6D6347" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Muhlenbergia spp</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.) near
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<location id="8EA20DE7FFF9E0781139EFB3FE426344" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D4EA2AFFF9E0741093EF27FC7160E6:8EA20DE7FFF9E0781139EFB3FE426344" box="[290,497,1780,1802]" country="Mexico" county="Type" latitude="19.553165" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-97.10997" municipality="Perote" name="Pinus-Quercus forest" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">
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||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E0781139EFB3FE016347" box="[290,434,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Pinus-Quercus</emphasis>
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forest
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||
</location>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FFC37DFCFFF9E07811E0EFB3FD046347" box="[507,695,1780,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" value="2022-09-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF878414FFF9E07811E0EFB3FD046347" box="[507,695,1780,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" value="2022-09-23">23 September 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E07812DAEFB3FD566347" box="[705,741,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">coll</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<collectorName id="26883EEAFFF9E07812EAEFB3FC0A6347" box="[753,953,1780,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E07812EAEFB3FCB36347" box="[753,768,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E0781317EFB3FC0A6347" box="[780,953,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">N. Palestina-Villa</emphasis>
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</collectorName>
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||
(
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<typeStatus id="54C6E59EFFF9E07813DDEFB3FB976344" box="[966,1060,1780,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: MEXU-HO 30375;
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B155161FFF9E07814F6EFB3FA396347" box="[1261,1418,1780,1801]" collectingDate="2022-09-23" collectorName="E. N. Palestina-Villa" country="Mexico" county="Type" elevation="2998" latitude="19.553165" location="Tembladeras" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-97.10997" municipality="Perote" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54C6E59EFFF9E07814F6EFB3FA846347" box="[1261,1335,1780,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="isotype">Isotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E078155AEFB3FA316347" box="[1345,1410,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">PV129</emphasis>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36708B7FFF9E0781093EE7FFD1B6338" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF9E0781093EE7FFD1B6338" blockId="4.[136,1452,1848,2055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
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Etymology:—From the Latin
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<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E07811F9EE7EFDF2631C" box="[482,577,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">cervinus</emphasis>
|
||
(belonging to a deer) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E0781365EE7FFC74631C" box="[894,967,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">oculus</emphasis>
|
||
(eye), a Latin translation of the Mexican traditional name of this species “
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E07811E3EE1AFD266338" box="[504,661,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">ojo de venado</emphasis>
|
||
”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36708B7FFF9E07810A6EEC7FD746C48" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF9E07810A6EEC7FD746C48" blockId="4.[136,1452,1848,2055]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
|
||
Diagnosis:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF9E078114AEEC7FDB263D4" box="[337,513,1920,1946]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cervinoculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E078114AEEC7FDB263D4" box="[337,513,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">A. cervinoculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from any other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E078143EEEC7FB8563D4" box="[1061,1078,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">A</emphasis>
|
||
. sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF9E078149AEEC7FA8A63D4" box="[1153,1337,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Subrutilescentes</emphasis>
|
||
in having ochre to blackish discoloration on the stipe surface when rubbed or over time, the yellowish context at the junction of the stipe with the pileus when cut, the complex, variable and peculiar smell of wood, chocolate or fruit, the more positive bluish KOH reaction on the pileus surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF020BB4FFF8E0791093EFEFFCEB6349" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214357/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" startId="5.[136,229,1704,1726]" targetBox="[307,1280,196,1675]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF8E0791093EFEFFCEB6349" blockId="5.[136,1451,1704,1799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF8E0791093EFEFFEB262F0" bold="true" box="[136,257,1704,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood phylogram of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF8E079126BEFEEFC3262F0" box="[624,897,1705,1727]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Spissicaules">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF8E079126BEFEEFD7462F0" box="[624,711,1705,1726]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Agaricus</emphasis>
|
||
subg.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF8E0791317EFEEFC3262F0" box="[780,897,1705,1726]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Spissicaules</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resulting from analysis of ITS and
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF8E07914F7EFEEFA9662F0" box="[1260,1317,1705,1726]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">tef1-α</emphasis>
|
||
concatenated alignment. The bootstrap support values greater than 50 % are indicated, branches with Bayesian posterior probabilities greater than 0.9 are in bold. Species sampled from Mexico are in bold. T = Type specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36708B7FFF8E07410A6EE72FA96656A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF8E07A10A6EE72FB276506" blockId="5.[136,1452,1845,2088]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1452,158,329]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
|
||
Description:—
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF8E079117FEE72FE196301" box="[356,426,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Pileus</emphasis>
|
||
(7.5)9.5–13.5(16.5) cm in diam., at first convex, then plano-convex, slightly umbonate at the center, covered by small reddish brown to dark brown appressed triangular scales, less dense towards the margin on a whitish background, smooth and dry.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF8E0791273EE39FD0F63D9" box="[616,700,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Margin</emphasis>
|
||
initially decurved, smooth, sometimes undulating or crenulate, not exceeding the lamellae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF8E0791183EEE6FDB363F5" box="[408,512,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Lamellae</emphasis>
|
||
free, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C85F6D9FFF8E0791298EEE6FD7C63F2" box="[643,719,1953,1980]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" unit="cm" value="0.6">0.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
broad, crowded, straight, intercalated with numerous lamellulae, at first white, then grayish pink, finally dark brown, with concolorous even edge.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF8E079140CEE82FBFC6391" box="[1047,1103,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Stipe</emphasis>
|
||
(13.4)13.6–15.6 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4C85F6D9FFF8E079153CEE82FA1463AE" box="[1319,1447,1989,2016]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" unit="cm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
, cylindrical, bulbous at the base (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C85F6D9FFF8E079122FEEAEFD376C4D" box="[564,644,2025,2052]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
), fistulose, with an annulus on the upper third, above annulus smooth to slightly striate, orange to grayish brown, below annulus covered with abundant semi-erect white fibrils arranged in horizontal zig-zag bands; surface whitish, becoming ochre on handling or over time, then blackish. Base covered with felted mycelium.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFBE07A1149E985FE1D6492" box="[338,430,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Annulus</emphasis>
|
||
superous, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C85F6D9FFFBE07A126BE985FD0D6493" box="[624,702,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" unit="cm" value="1.7">1.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
broad, white, membranous, double, upper surface smooth, lower surface floccose-fibrillose with thin, narrow, dark brown bands of universal veil around the margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFBE07A14F7E9A0FAF0654F" box="[1260,1347,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Context</emphasis>
|
||
white on cutting, becoming pinkish on the cortex of the stipe and yellowish in the central area at the junction with the pileus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFBE07A1093E869FF706506" box="[136,195,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Odor</emphasis>
|
||
strong and variable among collections, of molasses, chocolate, wood, or slightly citric.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF020BB4FFFBE07A1093EEE7FDE863B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214359/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" startId="6.[136,229,1952,1974]" targetBox="[185,1402,353,1928]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFFBE07A1093EEE7FDE863B0" blockId="6.[136,1452,1952,2046]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFBE07A1093EEE7FEB363FB" bold="true" box="[136,256,1952,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Macroscopic characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFFBE07A1220EEE6FCA663FB" box="[571,789,1952,1974]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="6" pageNumber="235" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cervinoculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFBE07A1220EEE6FCA663FB" box="[571,789,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">Agaricus cervinoculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFBE07A1338EEE7FCE463F8" bold="true" box="[803,855,1952,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">A–C.</emphasis>
|
||
Basidiomata (A: MEXU-HO30375 holotype, B–C: MEXUHO30387).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFBE07A10E0EE82FE9E6394" bold="true" box="[251,301,1989,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">D–F.</emphasis>
|
||
Annulus detail (D: MEXU-HO30375 holotype, E: PV105, F: PV70A).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFBE07A13FDEE83FC4C6394" bold="true" box="[998,1023,1988,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Color change in context (PV70A).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFBE07A1543EE82FAC26394" bold="true" box="[1368,1393,1989,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="235">H.</emphasis>
|
||
KOH reaction (PV62). Photos by E.N. Palestina-Villa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF020BB4FFFAE07B1093EFA0FB876308" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13214361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13214361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13214361/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="236" startId="7.[136,229,1767,1789]" targetBox="[191,1396,190,1743]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFFAE07B1093EFA0FB876308" blockId="7.[136,1452,1767,1862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B1093EFA0FEB362B2" bold="true" box="[136,256,1767,1789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Microscopic characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFFAE07B1223EFAFFCA162B3" box="[568,786,1768,1789]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="7" pageNumber="236" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cervinoculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B1223EFAFFCA162B3" box="[568,786,1768,1789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">Agaricus cervinoculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B133BEFA0FC8B62B2" bold="true" box="[800,824,1767,1788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Spores (PV83).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B13FBEFAFFC4562B3" bold="true" box="[992,1014,1768,1789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Basidia (PV83).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B14BFEFA0FB6462B3" bold="true" box="[1188,1239,1767,1789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">C–E.</emphasis>
|
||
Cheilocystidia (C-D: MEXUHO30387, E: PV98).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B1184EE4BFE07636F" bold="true" box="[415,436,1804,1825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Hyphae of the lower surface of the annulus (PV72).
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B13AAEE4CFC5B636F" bold="true" box="[945,1000,1803,1825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">G–H.</emphasis>
|
||
Pileipellis hyphae and a terminal element with an asterisk (G: MEXU-HO30387, H: PV105). Scale bars = 5 µm. Photos by E. N. Palestina-Villa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFFAE07410A6EE33FCB8654E" blockId="7.[136,1452,1908,2079]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1452,158,1193]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B10A6EE33FEEF63C0" box="[189,348,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">Basidiospores</emphasis>
|
||
(5)5.1–5.7–6.2(6.5) × (3)3.2–3.6–3.9(4.2) µm, Q = (1.3)1.4–1.6–1.7(1.8), ellipsoid to ellipsoidelongate, smooth, brown, thick-walled, without apical pore, unigutulate, bigutulate or with granular content.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B154DEEDFFA1F63FC" box="[1366,1452,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">Basidia</emphasis>
|
||
(15.3)16–20.8(23.2) × (5.9)6.4–7.9(8) µm, tetrasporic, clavate, hyaline, sterigmata up to 2.8 µm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B1511EEFBFA1F6398" box="[1290,1452,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
|
||
(16.9)17.7–24.4(38.7) × (11.3)11.7–16.7(18.3) µm, hyaline, usually pyriform or sphaero-pedunculate, some globose or broadly clavate, abundant.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B11CCE143FDC96C50" box="[471,634,2052,2078]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
|
||
absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFFAE07B12C3E142FB916C50" box="[728,1058,2052,2078]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="236">Lower surface of the annulus</emphasis>
|
||
composed of hyaline hyphae, 6.2– 8.7 µm wide, cylindrical, not or slightly constricted at the septa.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741371E9D9FC6F64F6" box="[874,988,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Pileipellis</emphasis>
|
||
composed of cylindrical hyphae, 8.5–12 µm, constricted at the septa with some terminal elements progressively attenuated with rounded apex. Intracellular diffuse brown pigment.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074118EE9A1FDDE654E" box="[405,621,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Clamp connections</emphasis>
|
||
not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF5E07410A6E84DFA96656A" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1193]" box="[189,1317,266,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Macrochemical reactions:—KOH on pileus surface of fresh specimens olive green to slightly bluish.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36708B7FFF5E07410A6E869FE356522" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF5E07410A6E869FE356522" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Habitat:—Solitary to gregarious, on ground with decomposed leaves, in
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07413E9E868FB296507" box="[1010,1178,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Pinus-Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
forests. Occurring from September to October.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36708B7FFF5E07410A6E831FAFC65DE" box="[189,1359,374,401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF5E07410A6E831FAFC65DE" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1193]" box="[189,1359,374,401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Edibility:—Edible, a combination of mature and immature sporocarps is generally sold in local markets.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36708B7FFF5E07410A6E8DDFCFD66C2" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF5E07410A6E8DDFCFD66C2" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Additional specimens examined:—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36A1BACFFF5E0741243E8DDFD7965FA" box="[600,714,410,436]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B995DEFFF5E07412C0E8DCFCF565FB" box="[731,838,411,437]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Xalapa municipality, San José Market, specimens bought from markets,
|
||
<date id="FFC37DFCFFF5E074119DE8F9FD896596" box="[390,570,446,472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" value="2019-10-03">3 October 2019</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074125CE8F9FDC26596" box="[583,625,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">coll</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074129AE8F8FD216596" box="[641,658,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07412BAE8F8FC076596" box="[673,948,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">N. Palestina-Villa PV62</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFC37DFCFFF5E07413DFE8F9FBCB6596" box="[964,1144,446,472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" value="2020-10-08">8 October 2020</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074149EE8F9FB1C6596" box="[1157,1199,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">coll</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07414A4E8F8FB636596" box="[1215,1232,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07414C4E8F8FF6465B2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">N. Palestina-Villa PV70A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC37DFCFFF5E07410FFE8A5FE0265B2" box="[228,433,482,508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" value="2021-09-03">3 September 2021</date>
|
||
, MEXU-HO 30386 (duplicate
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741313E8A5FCF565B2" box="[776,838,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">PV83</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<date id="FFC37DFCFFF5E0741347E8A5FB8465B2" box="[860,1079,482,508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" value="2021-09-16">16 September 2021</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074145AE8A5FBD865B2" box="[1089,1131,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">coll</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741462E8A4FB3965B2" box="[1145,1162,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074148CE8A4FA1765B2" box="[1175,1444,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">N. Palestina-Villa PV92</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFC37DFCFFF5E0741093EB41FEDA666E" box="[136,361,518,544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" value="2021-09-30">30 September 2021</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074116DEB41FE13666E" box="[374,416,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">coll</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07411ABEB40FE72666E" box="[432,449,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07411CAEB40FD56666E" box="[465,741,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">N. Palestina-Villa PV98</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07412EFEB41FCF3666E" box="[756,832,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">PV100</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFC37DFCFFF5E074134AEB41FBA7666E" box="[849,1044,518,544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" value="2021-10-03">03 October 2021</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074143AEB41FBF8666E" box="[1057,1099,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">coll</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741440EB40FBDF666E" box="[1115,1132,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741467EB40FA16666E" box="[1148,1445,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">N. Palestina-Villa, PV103</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFC37DFCFFF5E0741093EB6DFEFE660A" box="[136,333,554,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" value="2021-10-10">10 October 2021</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741140EB6DFE36660A" box="[347,389,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">coll</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074118DEB6CFE14660A" box="[406,423,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07411A3EB6CFD36660A" box="[440,645,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">N. Palestina-Villa</emphasis>
|
||
MEXU-HO 30388 (duplicate
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07413FCEB6DFB81660A" box="[999,1074,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">PV106</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B995DEFFF5E0741456EB6CFB0B660B" box="[1101,1208,555,581]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Perote municipality, Tembladeras,
|
||
<quantity id="4C85F6D9FFF5E074113CEB09FECE6627" box="[295,381,590,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.952" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="2952.0">2952 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE493DFBFFF5E07411D3EB09FDD16627" box="[456,610,590,617]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" precision="15" seconds="01" value="19.533611">19°32’01’’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE493DFBFFF5E0741276EB09FCBE6627" box="[621,781,590,617]" degrees="97" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" precision="15" seconds="04" value="-97.10111">97°06’04’’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074132DEB08FC6D6627" box="[822,990,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Pinus-Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
forest, under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E0741460EB08FB086626" box="[1147,1211,591,616]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741460EB08FB086626" box="[1147,1211,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC37DFCFFF5E07414D1EB09FA146626" box="[1226,1447,590,616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" value="2021-09-04">04 September 2021</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741093EB35FF0166C2" box="[136,178,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">coll</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07410DBEB34FF6266C2" box="[192,209,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07410C4EB34FE1966C2" box="[223,426,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">N. Palestina-Villa</emphasis>
|
||
MEXU-HO 30387 (duplicate
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074131BEB35FC8D66C2" box="[768,830,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">PV86</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36708B7FFF5E07410A6EBD1FC7160E6" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF5E07410A6EBD1FAAC670E" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Comments:—Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E0741239EBD0FD7D66FE" box="[546,718,662,689]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cervinoculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741239EBD0FD7D66FE" box="[546,718,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A. cervinoculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07414BBEBD0FB0266FF" box="[1184,1201,663,689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A</emphasis>
|
||
. sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07414EFEBD1FA1F66FE" box="[1268,1452,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Subrutilescentes</emphasis>
|
||
in having ochre to blackish discoloration on the stipe surface when rubbed or over time, the yellowish context at the junction of the stipe with the pileus when cut, the complex, variable and peculiar smell of wood, chocolate or fruit, the more bluish positive KOH reaction on the pileus surface. The complex odor of this species is due to the combination of volatile compounds (an alcohol, an aldehyde, and an acid) that will be described in a later publication.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC25B3CFFF5E07410A6EA0CFC7160E6" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B995DEFFF5E07410F9EA0DFE89672A" box="[226,314,842,868]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, two species from this section have been cited:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E074139FEA0CFBAF672A" authorityName="LAPAG" authorityYear="1289" box="[900,1052,842,869]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="impudicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074139FEA0CFBAF672A" box="[900,1052,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A. impudicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E0741445EA0CFA97672A" box="[1118,1316,842,869]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subrutilescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741445EA0CFA97672A" box="[1118,1316,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A. subrutilescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E07411DEEA28FDC467C6" box="[453,631,878,905]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cervinoculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E07411DEEA28FDC467C6" box="[453,631,878,905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A. cervinoculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, they differ in having a context not becoming yellow when cut (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC26CDFFF5E07410A5EAD5FED967E2" author="Kerrigan, R. W." box="[190,362,914,940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" refId="ref7014" refString="Kerrigan, R. W. (1986) The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California: 6. Agaricaceae. Mad River Press, California, 61 pp." type="book" year="1986">Kerrigan 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC26CDFFF5E0741161EAD5FE0467E2" author="Kerrigan, R. W." box="[378,439,914,940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" refId="ref7045" refString="Kerrigan, R. W. (2016) Agaricus of North America. New York Botanical Garden Press, New York, 573 pp." type="book" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E0741276EAD4FCB767E2" authorityName="LAPAG" authorityYear="1289" box="[621,772,914,941]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="impudicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741276EAD4FCB767E2" box="[621,772,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A. impudicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no bluish olive-green positive KOH reaction, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E0741588EAD4FE9B679E" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subrutilescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741588EAD4FE9B679E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A. subrutilescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smaller spores (5.2 × 3.3 µm on average). The remaining species in the section do not present a yellow context when cut at the junction of the stipe with the pileus or a bluish KOH reaction on the pileus surface. Molecularly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E074113EEAB8FE696056" box="[293,474,1022,1049]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cervinoculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074113EEAB8FE696056" box="[293,474,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A. cervinoculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks any species-specific ITS marker within
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741417EAB8FBAE6057" box="[1036,1053,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A</emphasis>
|
||
. sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741469EAB9FA996056" box="[1138,1322,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Subrutilescentes</emphasis>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E0741093ED64FE896072" box="[136,314,1058,1085]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cervinoculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741093ED64FE896072" box="[136,314,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A. cervinoculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E0741163ED64FBCD6072" authority="L. A. Parra, Fiard, Callac & B. Ortiz (2021: 406)" authorityName="L. A. Parra, Fiard, Callac & B. Ortiz" authorityPageNumber="406" authorityYear="2021" box="[376,1150,1058,1085]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="omphalodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741163ED64FDF06072" box="[376,579,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">A. omphalodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
L.A. Parra, Fiard, Callac & B. Ortiz (2021:406)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share an exclusive single nucleotide agcag[A]–tgc@159 as a relevant distinguishing character from all other species of the section.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7D20BFFFF5E074155DED00FE8360CA" authorityName="L. A. Parra, Fiard, Callac & B. Ortiz" authorityYear="2021" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Agaricus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="omphalodiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E074155DED00FE8360CA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">Agaricus omphalodiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recently described from the Caribbean, can be easily distinguished from other species because it possesses many species–specific ITS markers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC26CDFFF5E074128DEDC9FC0560E6" author="Ortiz-Santana, B. & Chen, J. & Parra, L. A. & Angelini, C. & Lodge, D. J. & Kerrigan, R. W. & Callac, P." box="[662,950,1166,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="237" pagination="381 - 411" refId="ref7917" refString="Ortiz-Santana, B., Chen, J., Parra, L. A., Angelini, C., Lodge, D. J., Kerrigan, R. W. & Callac, P. (2021) The genus Agaricus in the Caribbean II. Refined phylogeny of Agaricus subg. Spissicaules with description of two new sections and eight new species. Mycological Progress 20: 381 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 021 - 01686 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Ortiz-Santana
|
||
<emphasis id="B909872EFFF5E0741320EDC8FCDF60E6" box="[827,876,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="237">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |