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<document id="113CA60C9387176186103134F15B30D4" ID-CLB-Dataset="270518" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.614.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="143c8e81-3541-4298-b233-d3ce4e79d26c" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8389307" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1695979127173" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Henderson, Andrew" docDate="2023" docId="03B387DAFFD21F42FF50FF27FBA68D9B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.614.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 614 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.614.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Coccothrinax ekmanii Burret 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FF8AFFA2FFFF1F6FFFD8FFB9FFF9881B" masterDocTitle="A revision of Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax, Leucothrinax, Thrinax, and Zombia (Arecaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1699690893055" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3C1D69416AC2AF21A78F6A01D337427E">A revision of Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax, Leucothrinax, Thrinax, and Zombia (Arecaceae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B387DAFFD21F42FF50FF27FBA68D9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8400239" ID-GBIF-Taxon="213635814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8400239" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387DAFFD21F42FF50FF27FBA68D9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387DAFFD21F42FF50FF27FBA68D9B" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="C3006547FFD21F42FF50FF27FD5A88A3" box="[136,675,158,185]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFD21F42FF50FF27FD5A88A3" blockId="45.[136,1178,158,185]" box="[136,675,158,185]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FF50FF27FD5A88A3" bold="true" box="[136,675,158,185]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
1.12.
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFD21F42FF1FFF27FD6488A3" ID-CoL="WLYB" authority="Burret (1929: 11)" authorityName="Burret" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1929" box="[199,669,158,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Coccothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ekmanii">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FF1FFF27FE3188A2" bold="true" box="[199,456,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Coccothrinax ekmanii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFFD21F42FE08FF27FD6488A3" author="Burret, M." box="[464,669,158,184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref61294" refString="Burret, M. (1929) Palmae Cubenses et Domingenses a Cl. E. L. Ekman 1914 - 1928 lectae. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 6 (7): 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1929">Burret (1929: 11)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3006547FFD21F42FD72FF27FB6388A3" box="[682,1178,158,184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFD21F42FD72FF27FB6388A3" blockId="45.[136,1178,158,185]" box="[682,1178,158,184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFD21F42FD72FF27FB6388A3" ID-CoL="3J9VJ" authority="(Burret) Bailey (1947 a: 7)" authorityName="Bailey" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1947" baseAuthorityName="Burret" box="[682,1178,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Haitiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ekmanii">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FD72FF27FC9788A3" box="[682,878,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Haitiella ekmanii</emphasis>
(Burret)
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFFD21F42FC0EFF27FB6388A3" author="Bailey, L." box="[982,1178,158,184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref60787" refString="Bailey, L. (1947 a) The gouane palm of Haiti. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 165: 5 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 336332" type="journal article" year="1947">Bailey (1947a: 7)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3006547FFD21F42FF50FF53FAA58938" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFD21F42FF50FF53FAA58938" blockId="45.[136,1452,234,292]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<materialsCitation id="3B723C91FFD21F42FF50FF53FAA58938" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4418891361" collectingDate="1926-09-18" collectionCode="E, S, EHH, K, B" collectorName="Massif de la Selle" country="Haiti" location="Gros Morne des Commissaries" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="54A1886EFFD21F42FF50FF53FF1188E4" box="[136,232,234,255]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(designated here):—
<collectingCountry id="F30D765CFFD21F42FE6CFF53FE00891B" box="[436,505,234,256]" name="Haiti" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">HAITI</collectingCountry>
.
<collectorName id="26EF531AFFD21F42FDDBFF53FD4A891B" box="[515,691,234,256]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Massif de la Selle</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EC56017FFD21F42FD65FF53FC15891B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387DAFFD21F42FF50FF27FBA68D9B:8EC56017FFD21F42FD65FF53FC15891B" box="[701,1004,234,256]" country="Haiti" name="Gros Morne des Commissaries" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Gros Morne des Commissaries</location>
, Anses-a-Pitre,
<date id="FFA4100CFFD21F42FB5CFF53FABB891B" box="[1156,1346,234,256]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1926-09-18">
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9E4FFD21F42FB5CFF53FABB891B" box="[1156,1346,234,256]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1926-09-18">18 September 1926</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FA95FF52FF148938" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE09FFD21F42FA95FF52FAA6891B" box="[1357,1375,235,256]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
. Ekman 6991
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54A1886EFFD21F42FF22FEB7FEAD893F" box="[250,340,270,292]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE09FFD21F42FE81FEB7FE9F8938" box="[345,358,270,291]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FEB5FEB6FE77893F" box="[365,398,271,292]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n.v.</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE09FFD21F42FE42FEB7FE5E8938" box="[410,423,270,291]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
image!, isolectotypes
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE09FFD21F42FDA7FEB7FD498938" box="[639,688,270,291]" country="Haiti" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15290" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15290" name="Université d'Etat d'Haiti" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">EHH</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FD6EFEB6FD21893F" box="[694,728,271,292]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">n.v.</emphasis>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE09FFD21F42FD3BFEB7FCED8938" box="[739,788,270,291]" country="Haiti" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15290" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15290" name="Université d'Etat d'Haiti" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">EHH</collectionCode>
image!,
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE09FFD21F42FCB1FEB7FC798938" box="[873,896,270,291]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
!, US!, the
<typeStatus id="54A1886EFFD21F42FC3CFEB7FBC1893F" box="[996,1080,270,292]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE09FFD21F42FB8EFEB7FB9F8938" box="[1110,1126,270,291]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
was destroyed).
<figureCitation id="13212A49FFD21F42FAD0FEB7FAAE8938" box="[1288,1367,270,292]" captionStart="PLATE 11" captionStartId="46.[136,214,1917,1938]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-28@46.[150,1434,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="PLATE 11. Coccothrinax ekmanii, Dominican Republic, with wedge-shaped leaf blades. (Image by Eladio Fernández)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8389377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8389377/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Plate 11</figureCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3006547FFD21F42FF50FEEBFE128B92" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFD21F42FF50FEEBFE128B92" blockId="45.[136,1452,338,1409]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FF50FEEBFF298977" bold="true" box="[136,208,338,364]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Stems</emphasis>
6.5(3.012.0) m long and 3.9(3.05.0) cm diameter, solitary.
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FC5CFEEBFC2F8977" bold="true" box="[900,982,338,364]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Leaves</emphasis>
more or less deciduous or only leaf bases persisting on stem; leaf sheath fibers 2.0(1.23.1) mm diameter, stout, woody, loosely woven, the inner and outer layer combining at the apices to
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFD21F42FE2EFE23FD9489AE" box="[502,621,410,437]" form="erect" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="form">form erect</taxonomicName>
, spine-like fibers; petioles 7.1(5.29.2) mm diameter just below the apex; palmans 3.7(1.35.8) cm long, relatively short, with the adaxial veins prominent and terminating in a slight raised ridge and distinct pulvinus; leaf blades wedge-shaped; segments 25(2128) per leaf, the middle ones 33.0(28.041.5) cm long and 2.0(1.22.8) cm wide; segments not pendulous at the apices, giving the leaf a flat appearance; middle leaf segments tapering from base to apex, often folded, stiff and leathery, with or without scarcely developed shoulders, the apices sharply pointed and briefly splitting; middle leaf segment apices attenuate; leaf segments not waxy or sometimes with a deciduous, thin layer of wax adaxially, without indumentum, scales, or wax abaxially, without or with poorly developed transverse veinlets.
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FDBBFD2FFCF58AAB" bold="true" box="[611,780,662,688]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Inflorescences</emphasis>
curving, arching, or pendulous amongst the leaves, with few partial inflorescences; rachis bracts narrow, closely sheathing, sparsely tomentose, usually without hairs at the apex; partial inflorescences 3(24); proximalmost rachillae straight, 4.6(3.16.0) cm long and 0.9(0.61.3) mm diameter in fruit; rachillae uneven at or near anthesis with lines of warty outgrowths, these often becoming more pronounced as fruits develop; stamens 78; fruit pedicels 0.1(0.10.3) mm long;
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FCACFC9FFC4C8B5B" bold="true" box="[884,949,806,832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">fruits</emphasis>
4.9(4.25.9) mm long and 5.3(4.46.3) mm diameter, brown or rusty brown; fruit surfaces densely muricate; seed surfaces lobed, the lobes running from base of seeds approximately to equator.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3006547FFD21F42FF65FC2BFB688BCB" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFD21F42FF65FC2BFB688BCB" blockId="45.[136,1452,338,1409]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FF65FC2BFDF78BB7" bold="true" box="[189,526,914,940]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
Southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F30D765CFFD21F42FD72FC2BFD1B8BB7" box="[682,738,914,940]" name="Haiti" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Haiti</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49DEF82EFFD21F42FD2DFC2BFCA88BB7" box="[757,849,914,940]" country="Haiti" name="Sud-Est" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Sud-Est</collectingRegion>
) and southwestern
<collectingCountry id="F30D765CFFD21F42FBEFFC2BFADD8BB7" box="[1079,1316,914,940]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49DEF82EFFD21F42FAEFFC2BFA5E8BB7" box="[1335,1447,914,940]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Barahona" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Barahona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DEF82EFFD21F42FF50FC0FFEFA8BCB" box="[136,259,950,976]" country="Dominican Republic" name="Pedernales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pedernales</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="13212A49FFD21F42FEC2FC0FFE908BCB" box="[282,361,950,976]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="42.[136,229,1505,1527]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,198,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-28@42.[150,1434,193,1481]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 11. Distribution of Coccothrinax clarensis, C. concolor, C. crinita, and C. ekmanii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8389373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8389373/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) in dry, open areas on dogs tooth limestone at 76(15222) m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3006547FFD21F42FF65FC63FBA68D9B" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFD21F42FF65FC63FDED8C9F" blockId="45.[136,1452,338,1409]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FF65FC63FE568BEF" bold="true" box="[189,431,986,1012]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Taxonomic notes:—</emphasis>
As a preliminary species,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFD21F42FD04FC63FC218BEF" box="[732,984,986,1012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Coccothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ekmanii">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FD04FC63FC218BEF" box="[732,984,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Coccothrinax ekmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a unique combination of qualitative character states and is recognized as a phylogenetic species. It is a member of a group of nine Hispaniolan species (see notes under
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFD21F42FE89FB9AFE108C27" authorityName="Mejia &amp; Garcia" authorityYear="1997" box="[337,489,1058,1085]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Coccothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boschiana">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FE89FB9AFE108C27" box="[337,489,1058,1085]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. boschiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It differs from all species in this group by its leaf sheaths with erect, spine-like fibers.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFFD21F42FF0DFBFFFE228C7B" author="Tomlinson, P. &amp; Horn, J. &amp; Fisher, J." box="[213,475,1094,1120]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref65075" refString="Tomlinson, P., Horn, J. &amp; Fisher, J. (2011) The anatomy of palms. Oxford University Press, New York, 251 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / acprof: osobl / 9780199558926.001.0001" type="book" year="2011">
Tomlinson
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FE8BFBFEFE728C7B" box="[339,395,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFD21F42FDB9FBFEFD228C7B" box="[609,731,1094,1121]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Coccothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ekmanii">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FDB9FBFEFD228C7B" box="[609,731,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. ekmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be notable anatomically because of its small vascular bundles attached to the abaxial leaf surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFFD21F42FF65FB37FBA68D9B" blockId="45.[136,1452,338,1409]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FF65FB37FE438CB3" bold="true" box="[189,442,1166,1192]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Subspecific variation</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFD21F42FE06FB37FD2E8CB3" box="[478,727,1166,1192]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Coccothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ekmanii">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FE06FB37FD2E8CB3" box="[478,727,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Coccothrinax ekmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to show the same kind of variation in stems and leaves as seen in
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFD21F42FF26FB0AFE6A8CD7" authorityName="Mejia &amp; Garcia" authorityYear="1997" box="[254,403,1202,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Coccothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boschiana">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FF26FB0AFE6A8CD7" box="[254,403,1202,1229]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. boschiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFD21F42FE13FB0AFD978CD7" box="[459,622,1203,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Coccothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="samanensis">
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FE13FB0AFD978CD7" box="[459,622,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. samanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The label of a specimen (
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFFD21F42FC44FB0AFBEA8CD7" box="[924,1043,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Loomis 15</emphasis>
) from
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFFD21F42FBBAFB0AFB5B8CD6" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1941" box="[1122,1186,1203,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Beata" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Beata</taxonomicName>
Island in
<collectingCountry id="F30D765CFFD21F42FACCFB0BFAB68CD7" box="[1300,1359,1202,1228]" name="Haiti" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Haiti</collectingCountry>
, an area completely exposed to prevailing winds, described the stems as being “twisted into grotesque shapes” and one stem reported to be
<quantity id="4CE29B29FFD21F42FEF4FB43FE958D0E" box="[300,364,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="8.2">8.2 m</quantity>
long and only
<quantity id="4CE29B29FFD21F42FDCDFB43FD9B8D0E" box="[533,610,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="1.4">1.4 cm</quantity>
diameter just below the leaves. The label described the leaves on younger, more sheltered plants as being orbicular but becoming wedge-shaped on older, more exposed plants. On the other hand, stems from more sheltered sites in
<collectingCountry id="F30D765CFFD21F42FD8AFAFBFD0E8D47" box="[594,759,1346,1372]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">the Dominican</collectingCountry>
Republic, illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFFD21F42FBDCFAFBFA998D47" author="Fernandez, E. &amp; Gottschalk, A." box="[1028,1376,1346,1372]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref61896" refString="Fernandez, E. &amp; Gottschalk, A. (2017) Palmas de Espanola. Grupo Sid, 159 pp." type="book" year="2017">Fernández &amp; Gottschalk (2017</bibRefCitation>
, pages 122123), show thicker, shorter, erect, straight stems covered with persistent leaf bases.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>