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<mods:title id="8588496B5BD4114D994169209D2A10FF">Tropical sand-bubblers heading north? First discovery of Scopimera curtelsona Shen, 1936 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dotillidae) populations in Hong Kong: possible range expansion from Hainan, China</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0ED81B9AB34FFCDA8A9F9A2FDCD036D" bold="true" box="[151,557,1629,1656]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB34FFCDA8A9F9A2FDCD036D" ID-CoL="84H9Y" authority="Shen, 1936" authorityName="Shen" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,557,1629,1656]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelsona">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDA8A9F9A2FDCD036D" bold="true" box="[151,557,1629,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDA8A9F9A2FE7E0362" bold="true" box="[151,414,1629,1656]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Scopimera curtelsona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDA998F9A2FDCD036D" author="Shen, C. - J." box="[422,557,1629,1655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref8012" refString="Shen, C. - J. (1936) On a collection of brachyuran Decapoda from Hainan Island with desciptions of three new species. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 11, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="1936">Shen, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB34FFCDA8A9F97EFEF20381" blockId="2.[151,557,1629,1691]" box="[151,274,1665,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
(
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB34FFCDA8A1F97EFF0F0381" box="[159,239,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1439,181,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1439,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live colouration of Scopimera curtelsona Shen, 1936: (a) male, Shui Hau, Hong Kong; (b) male, Lung Mei, Hong Kong (SWIMS-CRU-16-002)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365034/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB34FFCDA8C5F97EFEE90381" box="[251,265,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,500,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,489,1649]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scopimera curtelsona, male (10.1 × 7.0 mm, SWIMS-CRU-16-002, Lung Mei): (a) carapace, dorsal view; (b) left third maxilliped, external view; (c) left chela, external view; (d) male pleon; (e) left G1, mesial view, (f) tip of left G1, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365036/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300655EAB34FFCDA8A9F939FD380244" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB34FFCDA8A9F939FE3503E6" blockId="2.[151,1437,1732,1886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB34FFCDA8A9F939FDF403C7" ID-CoL="84H9Y" authority="Shen, 1936: 73" authorityName="Shen" authorityPageNumber="73" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,532,1732,1757]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelsona">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDA8A9F939FE9403C7" box="[151,372,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Scopimera curtelsona</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10C4AB34FFCDA944F93BFDF403C7" author="Shen, C. - J." box="[378,532,1732,1757]" page="73" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDA944F93BFDF403C7" author="Shen, C. - J." box="[378,532,1732,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="63 - 80" refId="ref8012" refString="Shen, C. - J. (1936) On a collection of brachyuran Decapoda from Hainan Island with desciptions of three new species. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 11, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="1936">Shen, 1936: 73</bibRefCitation>
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, text-fig. 4.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10C4AB34FFCDAA9EF93BFCDF03C7" author="Shen, C. - J." box="[672,831,1732,1757]" page="73" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDAA9EF93BFCDF03C7" author="Shen, C. - J." box="[672,831,1732,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="69 - 104" refId="ref8080" refString="Shen, C. - J. (1940 b) On the collections of crabs of South China. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, 10, 69 - 104." type="journal article" year="1940">Shen 1940b: 73</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10C4AB34FFCDAB63F93BFBA303C7" author="Shen, C. - J. &amp; Dai, A. - Y." box="[861,1091,1732,1757]" page="123" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDAB63F93BFBA303C7" author="Shen, C. - J. &amp; Dai, A. - Y." box="[861,1091,1732,1757]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" refId="ref8115" refString="Shen, C. - J. &amp; Dai, A. - Y. (1964) Pictorial guide to animals in China - Crustacea. Vol. 2. Brachyura. Science Press, Beijing, 142 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1964">Shen &amp; Dai 1964: 123</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 1 un-numbered fig.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10C4AB34FFCDAD18F93BFEC203E6" author="Wong, K. J. H. &amp; Shih, H. - T. &amp; Chan, B. K. K." page="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDAD18F93BFEC203E6" author="Wong, K. J. H. &amp; Shih, H. - T. &amp; Chan, B. K. K." pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="21 - 35" refId="ref8727" refString="Wong, K. J. H., Shih, H. - T. &amp; Chan, B. K. K. (2011) Two new species of sand-bubbler crabs, Scopimera, from North China and the Philippines (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dotillidae). Zootaxa, 2962 (1), 21 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2962.1. 2" type="journal article" year="2011">
Wong 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDAD54F939FA7D03C7" box="[1386,1437,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 27
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 5e–g, 6c–d.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB34FFCDA8A9F8FCFB960223" blockId="2.[151,1437,1732,1886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A11FBAB34FFCDA8A9F8FCFB960223" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB34FFCDA8A9F8FCFE9C0200" authorityName="Shen" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,380,1794,1818]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelsoma">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDA8A9F8FCFE9C0200" box="[151,380,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Scopimera curtelsoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10C4AB34FFCDA9A4F8FDFD910201" author="Dai, A. - Y. &amp; Yang, S. - L. &amp; Song, Y. - Z. &amp; Chen, G. - X." box="[410,625,1794,1819]" page="454" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDA9A4F8FDFD910201" author="Dai, A. - Y. &amp; Yang, S. - L. &amp; Song, Y. - Z. &amp; Chen, G. - X." box="[410,625,1794,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" refId="ref6207" refString="Dai, A. - Y., Yang, S. - L., Song, Y. - Z. &amp; Chen, G. - X. (1986) Crabs of the China Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 642 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1986">
Dai 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDA9F9F8FCFE1B0200" box="[455,507,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
1986: 454
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 254, pl. 63(8).— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10C4AB34FFCDAB71F8FDFBDD0201" author="Dai, A. - Y. &amp; Yang, S. - L." box="[847,1085,1794,1819]" page="498" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDAB71F8FDFBDD0201" author="Dai, A. - Y. &amp; Yang, S. - L." box="[847,1085,1794,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" refId="ref6174" refString="Dai, A. - Y. &amp; Yang, S. - L. (1991) Crabs of the China Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 682 pp." type="book" year="1991">Dai &amp; Yang 1991: 498</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 254(1), pl. 63(8).—Z. 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10C4AB34FFCDAD67F8FCFECD0223" author="Huang, Z." page="596" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDAD67F8FCFECD0223" author="Huang, Z." pageId="2" pageNumber="522" refId="ref6879" refString="Huang, Z. (1994) Marine Species and Their Distribution in China's Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 607 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1994">Huang 1994: 596</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[list].—P. K. L. 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10C4AB34FFCDA9E8F8DDFD7A0223" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[470,666,1824,1850]" page="235" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDA9E8F8DDFD7A0223" author="Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. F." box="[470,666,1824,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref7690" refString="Ng, P. K. L., Guinot, D. &amp; Davie, P. J. F. (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of the extant brachyuran crabs of the world. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 17, 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDA9C5F8DDFDCF0223" box="[507,559,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 235
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
[list]. (for “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB34FFCDAB2BF8DEFC660223" authorityName="Shen" authorityYear="1936" box="[789,902,1825,1849]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelsoma">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDAB2BF8DEFC660223" box="[789,902,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">curtelsoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDAB80F8DDFB8F0223" author="Wong, K. J. H. &amp; Shih, H. - T. &amp; Chan, B. K. K." box="[958,1135,1825,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="21 - 35" refId="ref8727" refString="Wong, K. J. H., Shih, H. - T. &amp; Chan, B. K. K. (2011) Two new species of sand-bubbler crabs, Scopimera, from North China and the Philippines (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dotillidae). Zootaxa, 2962 (1), 21 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2962.1. 2" type="journal article" year="2011">
Wong 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDAC3CF8DDFBD50223" box="[1026,1077,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB34FFCDA8A9F8BBFD380244" blockId="2.[151,1437,1732,1886]" box="[151,728,1859,1886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A11FBAB34FFCDA8A9F8BBFD380244" box="[151,728,1859,1886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB34FFCDA8A9F8BBFE9E0244" authorityName="C. J. Shen" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,382,1860,1886]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelson">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDA8A9F8BBFE9E0244" box="[151,382,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Scopimera curtelson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10C4AB34FFCDA99EF8BBFD750244" author="Yang, S. &amp; Chen, H. &amp; Jiang, W." box="[416,661,1859,1886]" page="805" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB34FFCDA99EF8BBFD750244" author="Yang, S. &amp; Chen, H. &amp; Jiang, W." box="[416,661,1859,1886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" pagination="761 - 810" refId="ref8852" refString="Yang, S., Chen, H. &amp; Jiang, W. (2008) Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1803. In: Liu, R. (Ed.), Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 761 - 810." type="book chapter" year="2008">
Yang 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDA9DBF8BBFDFD0244" box="[485,541,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 805
</bibRefCitation>
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[list].
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB34FFCDA8A9F874FE6002BC" bold="true" box="[151,384,1931,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B723C88AB34FFCDA9B9F873FBDD02BC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2422252719" box="[391,1085,1931,1958]" collectionCode="CEL" collectorName="D. Y. N. Poon" country="Hong Kong" location="Starfish Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB34FFCDA9B9F873FE4A02BC" box="[391,426,1932,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE10AB34FFCDA987F873FE1302BC" box="[441,499,1932,1958]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14528" name="University of Illinois" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="Herbarium">CEL</collectionCode>
), 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7645AB34FFCDAAA3F873FCC302BC" box="[669,803,1932,1958]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 2002, coll. 
<collectorName id="26EF5303AB34FFCDAB95F873FBDD02BC" box="[939,1085,1932,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">D.Y.N. Poon</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B723C88AB34FFCDAC76F873FDD802D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2422252722" collectingDate="2008-09-09" collectionCode="CEL" collectorName="K. J. H. Wong" country="Hong Kong" location="Starfish Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB34FFCDAC76F873FB8B02BC" box="[1096,1131,1932,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE10AB34FFCDAC44F873FB5402BC" box="[1146,1204,1932,1958]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14528" name="University of Illinois" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="Herbarium">CEL</collectionCode>
), 
<location id="8EC5600EAB34FFCDACF9F874FAB302BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C3AB34FFCCA8A9F9A2FDF90349:8EC5600EAB34FFCDACF9F874FAB302BC" box="[1223,1363,1931,1958]" country="Hong Kong" name="Starfish Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Starfish Bay</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7645AB34FFCDAD60F873FF3802D0" name="Hong Kong" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9FDAB34FFCDA8DDF84FFE8202D0" box="[227,354,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" value="2008-09-09">
<date id="FFA41015AB34FFCDA8DDF84FFE8202D0" box="[227,354,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" value="2008-09-09">9 Sep 2008</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26EF5303AB34FFCDA99AF84FFDD802D0" box="[420,568,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">K.J.H. Wong</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B723C88AB34FFCDAA7CF84FFF2402F7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2422252717" collectingDate="2013-08-11" collectorName="T. Y. Hui" country="Hong Kong" location="Shui Hau" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4">
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB34FFCDAA7CF84FFD9902D0" box="[578,633,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="male">4♂♂</specimenCount>
(SWIMS-CRU-13-001), 
<location id="8EC5600EAB34FFCDABA9F850FBE202D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C3AB34FFCCA8A9F9A2FDF90349:8EC5600EAB34FFCDABA9F850FBE202D0" box="[919,1026,1967,1994]" country="Hong Kong" name="Shui Hau" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Shui Hau</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7645AB34FFCDAC33F84FFB7202D0" box="[1037,1170,1968,1994]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9FDAB34FFCDACA2F84FFACE02D0" box="[1180,1326,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" value="2013-08-11">
<date id="FFA41015AB34FFCDACA2F84FFACE02D0" box="[1180,1326,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" value="2013-08-11">11 Aug 2013</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26EF5303AB34FFCDAD51F84FFF2402F7" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">T.Y. Hui</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B723C88AB34FFCDA8F1F82BFB5802F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2422252716" box="[207,1208,2003,2030]" collectingDate="2016-09-16" collectorName="K. Wong" country="Hong Kong" location="Lung Mei" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="14">
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB34FFCDA8F1F82BFEFB02F4" box="[207,283,2004,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="male">14 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB34FFCDA91EF82BFEBE02F4" box="[288,350,2004,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(SWIMS-CRU-16-001), 
<location id="8EC5600EAB34FFCDAA45F82BFD0C02F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C3AB34FFCCA8A9F9A2FDF90349:8EC5600EAB34FFCDAA45F82BFD0C02F7" box="[635,748,2003,2030]" country="Hong Kong" name="Lung Mei" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Lung Mei</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7645AB34FFCDAAC8F82BFC9B02F4" box="[758,891,2004,2030]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9FDAB34FFCDABBBF82CFBF102F7" box="[901,1041,2003,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" value="2016-09-16">
<date id="FFA41015AB34FFCDABBBF82CFBF102F7" box="[901,1041,2003,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" value="2016-09-16">16 Sep 2016</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26EF5303AB34FFCDAC6CF82BFB5802F4" box="[1106,1208,2004,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522">K. Wong</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB34FFCDACFCF82BFB0502F4" box="[1218,1253,2004,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="522" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(SWIMS-CRU- 16-002), Lung Mei, 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7645AB35FFCCA941FF66FDE705A9" box="[383,519,153,179]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA41015AB35FFCCAA2AFF66FD4605A9" box="[532,678,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" value="2016-09-16">16 Sep 2016</date>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B723C88AB35FFCCAA8CFF66FE9705CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2422252720" collectingDate="2017-08-22" collectionCode="KJHW" collectorName="K. Wong" country="Hong Kong" location="Ting Kok" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
coll. 
<collectorName id="26EF5303AB35FFCCAAD2FF66FCB505A9" box="[748,853,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">K. Wong</collectorName>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB35FFCCAB5FFF66FC6D05A9" box="[865,909,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE10AB35FFCCABA2FF66FC0B05A9" box="[924,1003,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">KJHW</collectionCode>
personal collection), 
<location id="8EC5600EAB35FFCCACDCFF66FAB105A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C3AB34FFCCA8A9F9A2FDF90349:8EC5600EAB35FFCCACDCFF66FAB105A9" box="[1250,1361,153,179]" country="Hong Kong" name="Ting Kok" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Ting Kok</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7645AB35FFCCAD60FF66FF3805CD" name="Hong Kong" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9FDAB35FFCCA8DDFF42FE9705CD" box="[227,375,189,215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" value="2017-08-22">
<date id="FFA41015AB35FFCCA8DDFF42FE9705CD" box="[227,375,189,215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" value="2017-08-22">22 Aug 2017</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
, coll. K. Wong.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB35FFCCA8F9FF1EFD080405" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">
Other material: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCA940FF1EFD9605E1" authorityName="Shen" authorityYear="1936" box="[382,630,225,251]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelsona">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA940FF1EFD9605E1" box="[382,630,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Scopimera curtelsona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB35FFCCAAB9FF1EFD3605E1" box="[647,726,225,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" type="male">12 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB35FFCCAADEFF1EFCD005E1" box="[736,816,225,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" type="female">18 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(CEL-Sco-Hainan-001), Wenchang, 
<collectingRegion id="49DEF837AB35FFCCACE7FF1EFACD05E1" box="[1241,1325,225,251]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Hainan</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7645AB35FFCCAD04FF1EFA6005E1" box="[1338,1408,225,251]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FFA41015AB35FFCCADB0FF1EFEE60405" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" value="2008-12-02">2 Dec 2008</date>
, coll. K.J.H. Wong, S.-L. Yang &amp; K.H. Lo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB35FFCCA8F9FED6FC54047D" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCA8F9FED6FE5F0459" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1934" box="[199,447,297,323]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA8F9FED6FE5F0459" box="[199,447,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Scopimera intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B723C88AB35FFCCA9F0FED6FAB20459" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2422252718" box="[462,1362,297,323]" collectingDate="2008-09" collectorName="K. Wong" country="Hong Kong" location="Starfish Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" specimenCount="27" specimenCount-male="27">
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB35FFCCA9F0FED6FDFB0459" box="[462,539,297,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" type="male">27 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(CEL-Sco-HK-008), 
<location id="8EC5600EAB35FFCCAB2EFED6FC7D0459" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387C3AB34FFCCA8A9F9A2FDF90349:8EC5600EAB35FFCCAB2EFED6FC7D0459" box="[784,925,297,323]" country="Hong Kong" name="Starfish Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Starfish Bay</location>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7645AB35FFCCAB96FED6FBCF0459" box="[936,1071,297,323]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9FDAB35FFCCAC04FED6FB460459" box="[1082,1190,297,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" value="2008-09">
<date id="FFA41015AB35FFCCAC04FED6FB460459" box="[1082,1190,297,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" value="2008-09">Sep 2008</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26EF5303AB35FFCCACD4FED6FAB20459" box="[1258,1362,297,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">K. Wong</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B723C88AB35FFCCAD63FED6FC54047D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2422252721" collectingDate="2008-09" collectorName="Bui O &amp; K. Wong." country="Hong Kong" location="Hong Kong" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4">
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB35FFCCAD63FED6FA7C0459" box="[1373,1436,297,323]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD5CAB35FFCCA8A9FEB2FF21047D" box="[151,193,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(CEL-Sco-HK-009), 
<collectorName id="26EF5303AB35FFCCA988FEB2FE1C047D" box="[438,508,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Bui O</collectorName>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7645AB35FFCCAA36FEB2FD6E047D" box="[520,654,333,359]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFE0E9FDAB35FFCCAAA7FEB2FCE5047D" box="[665,773,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" value="2008-09">
<date id="FFA41015AB35FFCCAAA7FEB2FCE5047D" box="[665,773,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" value="2008-09">Sep 2008</date>
</collectingDate>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="26EF5303AB35FFCCAB76FEB2FC54047D" box="[840,948,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">K. Wong.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB35FFCCA8F9FE8FFE41075A" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA8F9FE8FFEA20491" bold="true" box="[199,322,368,395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Carapace inflated, globular, broader than long, surface generally smooth (
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCAC45FE8EFB280491" box="[1147,1224,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1439,181,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1439,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live colouration of Scopimera curtelsona Shen, 1936: (a) male, Shui Hau, Hong Kong; (b) male, Lung Mei, Hong Kong (SWIMS-CRU-16-002)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCACC3FE8EFAED0491" box="[1277,1293,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,500,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,489,1649]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scopimera curtelsona, male (10.1 × 7.0 mm, SWIMS-CRU-16-002, Lung Mei): (a) carapace, dorsal view; (b) left third maxilliped, external view; (c) left chela, external view; (d) male pleon; (e) left G1, mesial view, (f) tip of left G1, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">3</figureCitation>
). Maxilliped 3 merus slightly shorter than ischium, joint between merus and ischium oblique (
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCAC21FE6AFB9204AA" box="[1055,1138,405,432]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,500,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,489,1649]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scopimera curtelsona, male (10.1 × 7.0 mm, SWIMS-CRU-16-002, Lung Mei): (a) carapace, dorsal view; (b) left third maxilliped, external view; (c) left chela, external view; (d) male pleon; (e) left G1, mesial view, (f) tip of left G1, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
). Chelipeds equal, in adult males total length less than 1.5 times carapace length, carpus rhomboid (
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCABFDFE46FBF604CE" box="[963,1046,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1439,181,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1439,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live colouration of Scopimera curtelsona Shen, 1936: (a) male, Shui Hau, Hong Kong; (b) male, Lung Mei, Hong Kong (SWIMS-CRU-16-002)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
), chela movable finger armed with distinct, broad triangular molar along cutting margin (
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCAACFFE22FCA104ED" box="[753,833,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,500,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,489,1649]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scopimera curtelsona, male (10.1 × 7.0 mm, SWIMS-CRU-16-002, Lung Mei): (a) carapace, dorsal view; (b) left third maxilliped, external view; (c) left chela, external view; (d) male pleon; (e) left G1, mesial view, (f) tip of left G1, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
). G1 slender, recurved dorsally, tapering into rounded tip (
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCA8FAFDFEFEF50701" box="[196,277,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,500,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,489,1649]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scopimera curtelsona, male (10.1 × 7.0 mm, SWIMS-CRU-16-002, Lung Mei): (a) carapace, dorsal view; (b) left third maxilliped, external view; (c) left chela, external view; (d) male pleon; (e) left G1, mesial view, (f) tip of left G1, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
), orienting slightly laterally in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCAB33FDFEFCBC0706" box="[781,860,513,540]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,500,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,489,1649]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scopimera curtelsona, male (10.1 × 7.0 mm, SWIMS-CRU-16-002, Lung Mei): (a) carapace, dorsal view; (b) left third maxilliped, external view; (c) left chela, external view; (d) male pleon; (e) left G1, mesial view, (f) tip of left G1, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
), distal opening fringed with stiff setae of subequal lengths (
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCA8C9FDDAFE75075A" box="[247,405,549,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[152,1426,500,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,489,1649]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scopimera curtelsona, male (10.1 × 7.0 mm, SWIMS-CRU-16-002, Lung Mei): (a) carapace, dorsal view; (b) left third maxilliped, external view; (c) left chela, external view; (d) male pleon; (e) left G1, mesial view, (f) tip of left G1, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Figs. 3e and f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB35FFCCA8F9FDB7FE6707D5" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA8F9FDB7FE750779" bold="true" box="[199,405,584,611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Live colouration.</emphasis>
Overall creamy white, tinted caramel, mottled with dark brown and speckled with whitish spots. Tips of chela fingers vaguely reddish in some individuals. Ambulatory legs pale yellow with faint brownish bands (
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCA8D9FD6EFECC07B1" box="[231,300,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1965,1990]" captionTargetBox="[151,1439,181,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1439,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live colouration of Scopimera curtelsona Shen, 1936: (a) male, Shui Hau, Hong Kong; (b) male, Lung Mei, Hong Kong (SWIMS-CRU-16-002)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Carapace colour somewhat variable, possibly caused by the colour of feeding substrates, light condition and temperature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB35FFCCA8F9FD27FA6507E9" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1619]" box="[199,1413,728,756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA8F9FD27FE8107E9" bold="true" box="[199,353,728,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Distribution.</emphasis>
Hainan Island (
<typeStatus id="54A18877AB35FFCCAA2CFD26FDA407E9" box="[530,580,729,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">type</typeStatus>
locality: New Town Bay, Hainan Island) and 
<collectingCountry id="F30D7645AB35FFCCAC7BFD26FB2807E9" box="[1093,1224,729,755]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
(present report).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB35FFCCA8F9FD03FB6306F5" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA8F9FD03FE55060D" bold="true" box="[199,437,764,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Ecological remarks.</emphasis>
Locally at Shui Hau, where 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCAAC7FD02FC0F060D" authorityName="Shen" authorityYear="1936" box="[761,1007,765,791]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelsona">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAAC7FD02FC0F060D" box="[761,1007,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Scopimera curtelsona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCABC3FD02FB73060D" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1934" box="[1021,1171,765,791]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCABC3FD02FB73060D" box="[1021,1171,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">S. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCACF4FD02FA7C060D" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[1226,1436,765,791]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Dotilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wichmanni">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCACF4FD02FA7C060D" box="[1226,1436,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Dotilla wichmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were sympatric, the median particle size decreased progressively from the high to low shore, being classified as medium sand at both the high (0.403 ± 
<quantity id="4CE29B30AB35FFCCAA12FCBBFD400645" box="[556,672,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="0.053">0.053 mm</quantity>
, mean ± SE, Wentworth scale), and mid shores (0.326 ± 
<quantity id="4CE29B30AB35FFCCAD24FCBAFA700645" box="[1306,1424,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="0.079">0.079 mm</quantity>
), to fine sand at the low shore (0.140 ± 
<quantity id="4CE29B30AB35FFCCAA7BFC96FD5A0699" box="[581,698,873,899]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="0.003">0.003 mm</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE10AB35FFCCAAFBFC96FCCA0699" box="[709,810,873,899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">ANOVA</collectionCode>
, 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAB0BFC95FCA60699" box="[821,838,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="179E3490AB35FFCCAB78FC85FC830692" attach="left" box="[838,867,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">2,15</subScript>
= 6.1, 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAB8DFC95FC240699" box="[947,964,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">P</emphasis>
= 0.01, 
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCAC1DFC96FB880699" box="[1059,1128,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1819,1844]" captionTargetBox="[232,1357,174,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[222,1366,166,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sediment characteristics (a) and dotillid density (b) on the shore in Shui Hau, Hong Kong, where Scopimera intermedia, S. curtelsona and Dotilla wichmanni coexist. H = high (~ 2.1 m + C.D.), M = mid (~ 1.8 m + C.D.) and L = low tidal height (~ 1.5 m + C.D.). n = 6 replicates for sediment characteristics and n = 8 replicates for crab density along each height. Error bars are SE. No D. wichmanni were found along the high shore during the survey in 2013. Pie charts show the relative abundance of the three dotillids along each height during the qualitative sampling in 2018 (white = S. intermedia, black = S. curtelsona, grey = D. wichmannii), numbers next to the charts are total number of crabs collected along each tidal height." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Sediment organic content showed the opposite trend, increasing from 1.78 ± 0.06 % at the high shore, 2.35 ± 0.14 % at the mid shore, to 2.93 ± 0.13 % at the low shore (
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE10AB35FFCCA9F8FC4EFDCC06D1" box="[454,556,945,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">ANOVA</collectionCode>
, 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAA06FC4DFDA906D1" box="[568,585,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="179E3490AB35FFCCAA77FC3DFD8606CA" attach="left" box="[585,614,962,976]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">2,15</subScript>
= 24.4, 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAAFAFC4DFD3506D1" box="[708,725,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.001, 
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCAB7FFC4EFC6506D1" box="[833,901,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1819,1844]" captionTargetBox="[232,1357,174,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[222,1366,166,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sediment characteristics (a) and dotillid density (b) on the shore in Shui Hau, Hong Kong, where Scopimera intermedia, S. curtelsona and Dotilla wichmanni coexist. H = high (~ 2.1 m + C.D.), M = mid (~ 1.8 m + C.D.) and L = low tidal height (~ 1.5 m + C.D.). n = 6 replicates for sediment characteristics and n = 8 replicates for crab density along each height. Error bars are SE. No D. wichmanni were found along the high shore during the survey in 2013. Pie charts show the relative abundance of the three dotillids along each height during the qualitative sampling in 2018 (white = S. intermedia, black = S. curtelsona, grey = D. wichmannii), numbers next to the charts are total number of crabs collected along each tidal height." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Water content of the sediments, however, was similar among tidal heights and averaged at 22.1 ± 0.2 % (
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE10AB35FFCCAB1BFC2AFC6B06F5" box="[805,907,981,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">ANOVA</collectionCode>
, 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCABA8FC29FC4706F5" box="[918,935,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="179E3490AB35FFCCAB99FC19FC2406EE" attach="left" box="[935,964,998,1012]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">2,15</subScript>
= 0.1, 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAC2CFC29FBC306F5" box="[1042,1059,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">P</emphasis>
&gt; 0.05).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB35FFCCA8F9FC06FA7D0029" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCA8F9FC06FE5D0109" authorityName="Shen" authorityYear="1936" box="[199,445,1017,1043]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelsona">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA8F9FC06FE5D0109" box="[199,445,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Scopimera curtelsona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found along all tide levels sampled in Shui Hau, but their density differed significantly between levels, with the highest abundance along the mid-shore (Poisson regression, χ 
<superScript id="7C6F9B9DAB35FFCCAC9FFBE3FB490130" attach="left" box="[1185,1193,1052,1066]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">2</superScript>
<subScript id="179E3490AB35FFCCAC97FBD1FB510126" attach="right" box="[1193,1201,1070,1084]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">2</subScript>
= 35, 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCACC8FBE1FAE7012D" box="[1270,1287,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.001, 
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCAD4EFBE2FF480141" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1819,1844]" captionTargetBox="[232,1357,174,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[222,1366,166,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sediment characteristics (a) and dotillid density (b) on the shore in Shui Hau, Hong Kong, where Scopimera intermedia, S. curtelsona and Dotilla wichmanni coexist. H = high (~ 2.1 m + C.D.), M = mid (~ 1.8 m + C.D.) and L = low tidal height (~ 1.5 m + C.D.). n = 6 replicates for sediment characteristics and n = 8 replicates for crab density along each height. Error bars are SE. No D. wichmanni were found along the high shore during the survey in 2013. Pie charts show the relative abundance of the three dotillids along each height during the qualitative sampling in 2018 (white = S. intermedia, black = S. curtelsona, grey = D. wichmannii), numbers next to the charts are total number of crabs collected along each tidal height." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCA880FBBEFE570141" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1934" box="[190,439,1089,1115]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA880FBBEFE570141" box="[190,439,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Scopimera intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was more restricted in distribution, being found only at the high shore with an average density of 0.9 ± 0.3 individuals per 
<quantity id="4CE29B30AB35FFCCAA13FB9BFD780165" box="[557,664,1124,1151]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="0.0625">0.0625 m</quantity>
<superScript id="7C6F9B9DAB35FFCCAAA9FB9BFD7F0168" attach="left" box="[663,671,1124,1138]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">2</superScript>
(mean ± SE, 
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCAB02FB9AFC620165" box="[828,898,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1819,1844]" captionTargetBox="[232,1357,174,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[222,1366,166,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sediment characteristics (a) and dotillid density (b) on the shore in Shui Hau, Hong Kong, where Scopimera intermedia, S. curtelsona and Dotilla wichmanni coexist. H = high (~ 2.1 m + C.D.), M = mid (~ 1.8 m + C.D.) and L = low tidal height (~ 1.5 m + C.D.). n = 6 replicates for sediment characteristics and n = 8 replicates for crab density along each height. Error bars are SE. No D. wichmanni were found along the high shore during the survey in 2013. Pie charts show the relative abundance of the three dotillids along each height during the qualitative sampling in 2018 (white = S. intermedia, black = S. curtelsona, grey = D. wichmannii), numbers next to the charts are total number of crabs collected along each tidal height." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCABA9FB9AFB890165" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[919,1129,1125,1151]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Dotilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wichmanni">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCABA9FB9AFB890165" box="[919,1129,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Dotilla wichmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was distributed only along both the mid and low shores in 2013, averaging at 0.5 ± 0.3 individuals per 
<quantity id="4CE29B30AB35FFCCABE0FB77FBA701B9" box="[990,1095,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="0.0625">0.0625 m</quantity>
<superScript id="7C6F9B9DAB35FFCCAC79FB77FBAF018C" attach="left" box="[1095,1103,1160,1174]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">2</superScript>
. The population survey, however, did not cover the entire shore as burrows of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCAAFDFB52FCB501DD" authorityName="Shen" authorityYear="1936" box="[707,853,1197,1223]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelsona">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAAFDFB52FCB501DD" box="[707,853,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">S. curtelsona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCABB2FB51FBCA01DD" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[908,1066,1197,1223]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Dotilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wichmanni">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCABB2FB51FBCA01DD" box="[908,1066,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">D. wichmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also occurred further downshore (i.e. &lt;
<quantity id="4CE29B30AB35FFCCA8DFFB2FFEC201F1" box="[225,290,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
+ C.D.). The qualitative sampling in 2018 revealed similar patterns in dotillid distribution, with 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCAD5FFB2EFF1B0015" authorityName="Balss" authorityYear="1934" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAD5FFB2EFF1B0015" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">S. intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being restricted to the high shore (
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCAABFFB0AFD250015" box="[641,709,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1819,1844]" captionTargetBox="[232,1357,174,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[222,1366,166,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sediment characteristics (a) and dotillid density (b) on the shore in Shui Hau, Hong Kong, where Scopimera intermedia, S. curtelsona and Dotilla wichmanni coexist. H = high (~ 2.1 m + C.D.), M = mid (~ 1.8 m + C.D.) and L = low tidal height (~ 1.5 m + C.D.). n = 6 replicates for sediment characteristics and n = 8 replicates for crab density along each height. Error bars are SE. No D. wichmanni were found along the high shore during the survey in 2013. Pie charts show the relative abundance of the three dotillids along each height during the qualitative sampling in 2018 (white = S. intermedia, black = S. curtelsona, grey = D. wichmannii), numbers next to the charts are total number of crabs collected along each tidal height." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCAB34FB0AFC7C0015" authorityName="Shen" authorityYear="1936" box="[778,924,1269,1295]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelsona">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAB34FB0AFC7C0015" box="[778,924,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">S. curtelsona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCABEDFB09FB900015" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[979,1136,1269,1295]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Dotilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wichmanni">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCABEDFB09FB900015" box="[979,1136,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">D. wichmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were distributed across all three heights, but 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCA95EFAE6FE120029" authorityName="Shen" authorityYear="1936" box="[352,498,1305,1331]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtelsona">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA95EFAE6FE120029" box="[352,498,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">S. curtelsona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was ~16 times more abundant than 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCABB9FAE5FBC40029" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[903,1060,1305,1331]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Dotilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wichmanni">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCABB9FAE5FBC40029" box="[903,1060,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">D. wichmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when pooling across all samples.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536D5AB35FFCCA8F9FAC2FDF90349" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">
All three dotillids in Shui Hau possessed spoon-shaped setae in the second maxillipeds as noted by previous workers (
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCA93EFA9EFEA30061" box="[256,323,1376,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1467,1492]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,455,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,455,1421]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of the second maxillipedal setae of (a) Scopimera curtelsona, (b) S. intermedia and (c) Dotilla wichmanni. Graph (d) showing the variation in spoon-tip size against body size among the three species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365040/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB35FFCCA992FA9EFDFD0061" author="Ono, Y." box="[428,541,1376,1403]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref7747" refString="Ono, Y. (1965) On the ecological distribution of ocypodid crabs in the estuary. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series E (Biology), 4, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1965">Ono 1965</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B24AB35FFCCAA19FA9EFD4A0061" author="Vogel, F." box="[551,682,1377,1403]" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" pagination="225 - 234" refId="ref8437" refString="Vogel, F. (1984) Comparative and functional morphology of the spoon-shaped setae on the second maxillipeds in Dotilla Stimpson, 1858 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Crustaceana, 47, 225 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854084 X 0048 7" type="journal article" year="1984">Vogel 1984</bibRefCitation>
), but the setae morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCABC6FA9EFB290061" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[1016,1225,1377,1403]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Dotilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wichmanni">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCABC6FA9EFB290061" box="[1016,1225,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Dotilla wichmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was different from both 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCA8EEFA7AFEA80085" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[208,328,1413,1439]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA8EEFA7AFEA80085" box="[208,328,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Scopimera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Spoon-tip size of both 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCAA90FA7AFCC60085" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[686,806,1413,1439]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAA90FA7AFCC60085" box="[686,806,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Scopimera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species were larger than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCACACFA79FACF0085" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[1170,1327,1413,1439]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Dotilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wichmanni">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCACACFA79FACF0085" box="[1170,1327,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">D. wichmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by ~90% when corrected for variation in body size (
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAA41FA55FD7000D9" box="[639,656,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">F</emphasis>
<subScript id="179E3490AB35FFCCAAAEFA45FD4D00D2" attach="left" box="[656,685,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">2,20</subScript>
= 33.9, 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAB30FA55FCFF00D9" box="[782,799,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.001). The setal spoons in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCAC42FA55FAFB00D9" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[1148,1307,1449,1475]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Dotilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wichmanni">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAC42FA55FB7000D9" box="[1148,1168,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAC9EFA56FAFB00D9" box="[1184,1307,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">wichmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were more triangular instead of being rectangular as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCAABBFA32FD1D00FD" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[645,765,1485,1511]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAABBFA32FD1D00FD" box="[645,765,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Scopimera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Whilst there were both plumose and spoon-shaped setae in the second maxillipeds of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCA980FA0EFDD60311" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[446,566,1521,1547]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA980FA0EFDD60311" box="[446,566,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Scopimera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCAA7AFA0DFD010311" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[580,737,1521,1547]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Dotilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wichmanni">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCAA7AFA0DFD010311" box="[580,737,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">D. wichmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacked plumose setae and only possessed spoon-shaped setae. The spoon-shaped setae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCA9F4F9E9FD830335" box="[458,611,1557,1583]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Dotilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wichmanii">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA9F4F9E9FD830335" box="[458,611,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">D. wichmanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, were lined with two patches of fine hairs on either side which were absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D56AB35FFCCA97EF9C6FE580349" authorityName="De Haan" authorityYear="1833" box="[320,440,1593,1619]" class="Malacostraca" family="Dotillidae" genus="Scopimera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEAC7AB35FFCCA97EF9C6FE580349" box="[320,440,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Scopimera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13212A50AB35FFCCA9F9F9C6FDEB0349" box="[455,523,1592,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1467,1492]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,455,1421]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,455,1421]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of the second maxillipedal setae of (a) Scopimera curtelsona, (b) S. intermedia and (c) Dotilla wichmanni. Graph (d) showing the variation in spoon-tip size against body size among the three species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3365040/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="523">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>