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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5165313" ID-GBIF-Dataset="058b438a-ffe3-452b-a286-9267419b3014" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5165313" checkinTime="1628021183604" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Swezey, O. H." docDate="1946" docId="03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectsOfGuamII.189.163-185.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insects of Guam II, Honolulu, Hawaii: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 189" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A6818C686426A7D59822A3BD2E5D42E5.1:InsectsOfGuam.1942.book_chapter" docStyleId="A6818C686426A7D59822A3BD2E5D42E5" docStyleName="InsectsOfGuam.1942.book_chapter" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Pyrausta nubilalis C.Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="26" lastPageNumber="185" masterDocId="FF8AFFC0E94BFFA1FFCF823D9276034F" masterDocTitle="Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae, and Pyralidae of Guam" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="163" pageNumber="185" updateTime="1670715196007" updateUser="aubreymoore">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Arctiidae, Agrotidae, and Pyralidae of Guam</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Swezey, O. H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Experiment Station Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Honolulu</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>1946</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">1942-12-20</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 189</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Honolulu, Hawaii</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Insects of Guam II</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>163</mods:start>
<mods:end>185</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5165313</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">058b438a-ffe3-452b-a286-9267419b3014</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5165313</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5519591" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183926849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5519591" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<subSubSection box="[285,905,317,359]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="22.[285,1690,317,2030]" box="[285,905,317,359]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<heading box="[285,905,317,359]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" reason="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[285,334,317,359]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="(Hiibner)" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" box="[367,899,317,359]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[367,700,317,359]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Pyraustanubilalis</emphasis>
(Hiibner)
</taxonomicName>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="22.[285,1690,317,2030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<bibCitation author="Hubner" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" pagination="24" refId="ref12076" title="Zutr. Samml. Eur. Schm., Pyr." type="book" year="1796">
<treatmentCitation author="Hübner" page="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" year="1796">
<emphasis box="[347,645,367,410]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Pyralis nubilalis</emphasis>
<author box="[669,811,367,410]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Hubner</author>
,
<title box="[844,1440,367,410]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Zutr. Samml. Eur. Schm., Pyr.</title>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1467,1522,367,410]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">14:</emphasis>
Sechste Horde,
<pagination box="[547,591,419,463]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">24</pagination>
, 14, fig. 94,
<year box="[811,893,419,463]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">1796</year>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[285,1690,317,2030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<bibCitation author="Meyrick" journalOrPublisher="U. S. Dept. Agric., Bull." pageId="22" pageNumber="185" pagination="416" part="4" refId="ref12106" title="Handbook Brit. Lep" type="book" year="1895">
<emphasis box="[346,681,471,512]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Pyrausta nubilalis,</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation box="[704,1475,471,512]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<author box="[704,853,471,512]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Meyrick</author>
,
<title box="[880,1259,471,512]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Handbook Brit. Lep</title>
.,
<pagination box="[1291,1357,471,512]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">416</pagination>
,
<year box="[1387,1475,471,512]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">1895</year>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<author box="[1504,1676,471,512]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Hampson</author>
,
<title box="[413,877,522,564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
Fauna Brit.
<collectingCountry box="[643,738,522,564]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">India</collectingCountry>
, Moths
</title>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[896,932,522,564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<part box="[896,915,522,564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="volume">4</part>
:
</emphasis>
<pagination box="[945,1010,522,564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="pagination">435</pagination>
,
<year box="[1037,1125,522,564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">1896</year>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<author box="[1153,1285,522,564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Caffrey</author>
and
<author box="[1385,1562,522,564]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Worthley</author>
,
<journalOrPublisher pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<collectingCountry box="[1587,1683,522,564]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">U. S.</collectingCountry>
Dept. Agric., Bull.
</journalOrPublisher>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[773,868,573,616]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<part box="[773,851,573,616]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="volume">1476</part>
:
</emphasis>
<pagination box="[886,981,573,616]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="pagination">1-154</pagination>
, 1,927
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<author box="[1129,1247,573,616]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Briggs</author>
,
<journalOrPublisher pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<collectingCountry box="[1275,1378,573,616]" name="Guam" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Guam</collectingCountry>
Agr. Expt. Sta. Rept.
</journalOrPublisher>
(1920),
<pagination box="[696,739,623,667]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="pagination">39</pagination>
,
<year box="[774,844,623,667]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">1921</year>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<author box="[894,1112,623,667]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Vandenberg</author>
,
<journalOrPublisher box="[1144,1683,623,667]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<collectingCountry box="[1144,1247,623,667]" name="Guam" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Guam</collectingCountry>
Agr. Expt. Sta. Rept.
</journalOrPublisher>
(1930-32),
<pagination box="[625,669,676,716]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="pageRange">20</pagination>
,
<year box="[695,780,676,716]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">1933</year>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="22.[285,1690,317,2030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3332081412" box="[352,665,725,768]" collectingDate="1936-05-30" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" country="Guam" location="Tumon" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FEAF80E89395004F" box="[352,483,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Tumon</location>
,
<date box="[510,658,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" value="1930-05">
<collectingDate box="[510,658,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" value="1930-05">May 30</collectingDate>
</date>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3332081418" box="[686,948,725,768]" collectingDate="1936-06-08" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" country="Guam" location="Ypan" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FD6180E89166004F" box="[686,784,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Ypan</location>
,
<date box="[810,939,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<collectingDate box="[810,939,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">June 8</collectingDate>
</date>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3332081456" box="[970,1303,725,768]" collectingDate="1936-06-24" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" country="Guam" location="Libugon" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FC0580E89629004F" box="[970,1119,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Libugon</location>
,
<date box="[1145,1296,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" value="1924-06">
<collectingDate box="[1145,1296,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" value="1924-06">June 24</collectingDate>
</date>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913652462" box="[1325,1684,725,768]" collectingDate="1936-06-30" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" country="Guam" location="Machanao" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FAE280E89795004F" box="[1325,1507,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Machanao</location>
,
<date box="[1533,1678,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" value="1930-06">
<collectingDate box="[1533,1678,725,768]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" value="1930-06">June 30</collectingDate>
</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913652323" box="[289,435,775,818]" collectingDate="1936-08-06" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" country="Guam" location="Machanao" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<date box="[289,426,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<collectingDate box="[289,426,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Aug. 6</collectingDate>
</date>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913652512" box="[460,718,775,818]" collectingDate="1936-08-26" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" country="Guam" location="Piti" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FE03813A9078007D" box="[460,526,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<collectingMunicipality box="[460,526,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Piti</collectingMunicipality>
</location>
,
<date box="[558,712,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" value="1926-08">
<collectingDate box="[558,712,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" value="1926-08">Aug. 26</collectingDate>
</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913652450" box="[746,885,775,818]" collectingDate="1936-09-04" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" country="Guam" location="Piti" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<date box="[746,878,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<collectingDate box="[746,878,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Sept. 4</collectingDate>
</date>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913652320" box="[914,948,775,818]" collectingDate="1936-09-15" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" country="Guam" location="Piti" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">15;</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3332081323" collectingDate="1936-08-28" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" country="Guam" location="Barrigada" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<collectingMunicipality box="[994,1173,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Barrigada</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date box="[1204,1363,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<collectingDate box="[1204,1363,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Aug. 28.</collectingDate>
</date>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FAB8813A97DA007D" box="[1399,1452,775,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">All</location>
collected or reared by
<collectorName box="[483,617,826,868]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Swezey</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3988005302" box="[655,1471,826,868]" collectingDate="1911" collectorName="D. T. Fullaway" country="Guam" location="U. S. National Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="3">
Three
<specimenCount box="[781,955,826,868]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="generic">specimens</specimenCount>
in
<collectingCountry box="[1028,1126,826,868]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">U. S.</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality box="[1149,1471,826,868]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">National Museum</collectingMunicipality>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3988005301" collectingDate="1911" collectorName="D. T. Fullaway" country="Guam" location="Bishop Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1">
and one in
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FEEC8150903B00D8" box="[291,589,877,919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Bishop Museum</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FDA48150916700D8" box="[619,785,877,919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Fullaway</location>
, 1911.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="185" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="22.[285,1690,317,2030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
This moth is the notorious European corn borer, which has become widespread in the
<collectingCountry box="[565,818,978,1020]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">United States</collectingCountry>
during the past 20 years. Its distribution is throughout central and southern Europe,
<collectingCountry box="[1074,1183,1028,1070]" name="Egypt" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, west-central and northern Asia, northern
<collectingCountry box="[565,659,1078,1121]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">India</collectingCountry>
, Siberia,
<collectingCountry box="[833,937,1078,1121]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[963,1162,1078,1121]" name="Philippines" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry box="[1264,1372,1078,1121]" name="Guam" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Guam</collectingCountry>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3913652438" collectedFrom="first record of it was under the name Pyrausta vastatrix, given by Schultze in Manila, a name wihich was later recognized as a synonym. It became a very serioudu pest in Guam." collectingDate="1911" collectorName="D. T. Fullaway" country="Guam" location="Guam" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
The first record of it in
<collectingCountry box="[439,542,1129,1172]" name="Guam" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Guam</collectingCountry>
was by
<collectingMunicipality box="[707,870,1129,1172]" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Fullaway</collectingMunicipality>
in 1911 under the name
<emphasis box="[1343,1686,1129,1172]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1908" box="[1343,1679,1129,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Pyrausta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vastatrix">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FAF08654979607DB" box="[1343,1504,1129,1172]" country="Guam" municipality="Fullaway" name="Pyrausta" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Pyrausta</location>
vastatrix
</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
given by
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FE0886A091600789" box="[455,790,1181,1222]" country="Guam" municipality="Fullaway" name="Schultze in Manila" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Schultze in Manila</location>
, a name which was later recognized as a synonym.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387B8E95DFFB7FED28300909C04A1:8EC56075E95DFFB7FEEB86F2933407B6" box="[292,322,1231,1273]" country="Guam" municipality="Fullaway" name="It" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">It</location>
became a very serious pest in
<collectingCountry box="[895,1002,1231,1273]" name="Guam" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Guam</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
, and by 1920 was reported damaging SO percent of the corn crop in some regions. Parasite introduction was attempted in 1926 to 1931. Several kinds of parasites were imported. In 1936 we found that a tachinid,
<taxonomicName box="[886,1485,1383,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lydella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="stabulans" variety="grisescens">
<emphasis box="[886,1202,1383,1423]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Lydella stabulans</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1308,1485,1383,1423]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">grisescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Robineau­ Desvoidy, was established and so efficient that very little damage was done to the corn crop by the European corn borer. Whenever we found corn borer larvae in corn stalks, usually SO to 100 percent of them were parasitized. Often in examining the corn borer burrows in corn stalks, the puparia of the parasite would be found, usually one or two and occasionally three per burrow. This tachinid was introduced from
<collectingCountry box="[951,1053,1686,1729]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Japan</collectingCountry>
by Vandenberg in 1931. At first it was known in
<collectingCountry box="[602,705,1737,1779]" name="Guam" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Guam</collectingCountry>
reports as
<emphasis box="[914,1208,1737,1779]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1861" box="[914,1202,1737,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Masicera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senilis">Masicera senilis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
later as
<emphasis box="[1376,1688,1737,1779]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName box="[1376,1683,1737,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Ceronwsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepida">Ceronwsia lepida</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In subsequent studies of it, experts in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[1107,1301,1787,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
settled on the n~me
<taxonomicName box="[294,924,1839,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lydella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="stabulans" variety="grisescens">
<emphasis box="[294,618,1839,1881]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Lydella stabulans</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[744,924,1839,1881]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">grisescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[924,929,1839,1881]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">.</emphasis>
One other parasite,
<taxonomicName authority="(Cameron))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Cremastus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavoorbitalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Cremastus flavoorbitalis</emphasis>
(Cameron))
</taxonomicName>
, introduced from
<collectingCountry box="[995,1098,1889,1930]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Japan</collectingCountry>
by Vandenberg in 1931 became established in
<collectingCountry box="[553,659,1939,1981]" name="Guam" pageId="22" pageNumber="185">Guam</collectingCountry>
. I reared it from several species of leafroller moths, but not from the corn borer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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