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<document id="085764D1A5D6135183C0BA237EBE84BD" ID-CLB-Dataset="8345" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4526771" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f38c51ee-128e-40a6-bb5c-3717458c1e4c" ID-ISSN="0253-116X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4526771" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612269949354" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="KRATOCHWIL, Anselm, SMIT, Jan &amp; AGUIAR, António F." docDate="2018" docId="03B3879E3760FFF6FF4AFA26FD81FEB9" docLanguage="en" docName="LinzerbiolBeitr.50.2.1213-1228.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:24E5EB772D355DE2EE23B1E8D07853E0.9:LinzerbiolBeitr.2006-.journal_article" docStyleId="24E5EB772D355DE2EE23B1E8D07853E0" docStyleName="LinzerbiolBeitr.2006-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stelis (Stelis) ornatula" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="1224" masterDocId="FF8AFFE63769FFFDFFF8FFE3FFD5FFD7" masterDocTitle="Updated checklist of the wild bees of the Madeira Archipelago and the Selvagens Islands (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)" masterLastPageNumber="1228" masterPageNumber="1213" pageNumber="1222" updateTime="1698926496167" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="50D2C23B1E5A2FF7E14F45CEB183A0C3">Updated checklist of the wild bees of the Madeira Archipelago and the Selvagens Islands (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="46168A743E4F82872BB6E12C90EB3CE6">KRATOCHWIL, Anselm</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="851A683CCC97E0F2C5DAB648ECFF3F6C">SMIT, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2D486E4BD86CC5DFBDA4EFC186043277">AGUIAR, António F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DCC5BF53246A678A1DD3F54C994AE202">Linzer biologische Beiträge</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="866D6B0CB56714A0B3DDAD90AFD897AF">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="63F7FBBE2E2C50581021B38F8871AB93">2018-12-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="54004A35B4F583D67BAC982A1B973F7B">50</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="01D8DF756452B992E93EF60F956A140E" type="CLB-Dataset">8345</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BE5931FD3A807512F517ACB8070764A9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4526771</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="440ED44C86A2EBA6BF76ED0E31867863" type="ISSN">0253-116X</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B3879E3760FFF6FF4AFA26FD81FEB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4527433" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177314702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4527433" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3879E3760FFF6FF4AFA26FD81FEB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B3879E3760FFF6FF4AFA26FD81FEB9" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1224" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">
<subSubSection id="C30065033760FFF4FF4AFA26FC1CFA0C" box="[178,969,1477,1499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA536883760FFF4FF4AFA26FC1CFA0C" blockId="9.[178,969,1477,1499]" box="[178,969,1477,1499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">
<heading id="D0ED81E43760FFF4FF4AFA26FC1CFA0C" box="[178,969,1477,1499]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3760FFF4FF4AFA26FDE6FA0C" ID-CoL="4ZQSH" authority="(KLUG, 1807)" baseAuthorityName="KLUG" baseAuthorityYear="1807" box="[178,563,1477,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Stelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatula" subGenus="Stelis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FF4AFA26FE32FA0D" bold="true" box="[178,487,1477,1499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FF4AFA26FF3FFA0C" bold="true" box="[178,234,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">Stelis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FF01FA26FEE4FA0C" bold="true" box="[249,305,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">Stelis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FEB8FA26FE4FFA0C" bold="true" box="[320,410,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">ornatula</emphasis>
(KLUG
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FE0DFA26FDE6FA0C" bold="true" box="[501,563,1477,1499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">1807)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FDCBFA26FDEDFA0C" bold="true" box="[563,568,1477,1499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">:</emphasis>
See comments on
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FD0FFA26FC1CFA0C" box="[759,969,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">Hoplitis acuticornis.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30065033760FFF7FF4AFA09FCA2FED9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1223" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA536883760FFF4FF4AFA09FBE8F9ED" blockId="9.[178,1085,1514,1595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3760FFF4FF4AFA09FC99F9D7" ID-CoL="CQCV" authority="(SICHEL, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="SICHEL" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[178,844,1514,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Amegilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="quadrifasciata" subGenus="Amegilla" subSpecies="maderae">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FF4AFA09FD2FFA28" bold="true" box="[178,762,1514,1536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FF4AFA09FEC5F9D7" bold="true" box="[178,272,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">Amegilla</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FEDDFA09FE56F9D7" bold="true" box="[293,387,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">Amegilla</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FE61FA09FD42F9D7" bold="true" box="[409,663,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">quadrifasciata maderae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793760FFF4FD54FA09FD2FFA28" author="SICHEL F" box="[684,762,1514,1536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222" refId="ref10106" refString="SICHEL F. J. (1868): Hymenoptera mellifera. - In: Die Reise der osterr eichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil, 2. Band, l. Abtheilung, A., Hymenoptera (bearb. v. H. de Salissure). Wien (k. - k. Hof- u. Staatsdruckerei): 143 - 156." type="journal volume" year="1868">SICHEL</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FCF6FA09FC99F9D7" bold="true" box="[782,844,1514,1536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">1868)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FCB5FA09FC87F9D7" bold="true" box="[845,850,1514,1536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">:</emphasis>
Based on males and females,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3760FFF4FEF6F9EBFE51F9CA" ID-CoL="5VFR2" baseAuthorityName="Sichel" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[270,388,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Amegilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FEF6F9EBFE51F9CA" box="[270,388,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">A. maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been validly described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793760FFF4FD3DF9EBFC89F9C9" author="SICHEL F" box="[709,860,1544,1566]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222" refId="ref10106" refString="SICHEL F. J. (1868): Hymenoptera mellifera. - In: Die Reise der osterr eichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil, 2. Band, l. Abtheilung, A., Hymenoptera (bearb. v. H. de Salissure). Wien (k. - k. Hof- u. Staatsdruckerei): 143 - 156." type="journal volume" year="1868">SICHEL (1868)</bibRefCitation>
. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793760FFF4FC0DF9EBFF2DF9EC" author="DOURS J" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222" refId="ref8330" refString="DOURS J. A. (1869): Monographie iconographicque du genre Anthophora Latr. - Mem. Soc. Linn. Nord de la France, Amiens. 211 pp." type="book" year="1869">DOURS (1869)</bibRefCitation>
, the specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3760FFF4FE22F9C6FDFBF9EC" box="[474,558,1573,1595]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">Madeira</collectingRegion>
are only a variety (
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FCFAF9C6FC8FF9ED" box="[770,858,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">maderae</emphasis>
) of
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3760FFF4FC72F9C5FBE8F9ED" ID-CoL="66B68" authority="(DE VILLERS, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="DE VILLERS" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[906,1085,1573,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Amegilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrifasciata">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3760FFF4FC72F9C5FBE8F9ED" box="[906,1085,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1222">A. quadrifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536883763FFF7FF4AFF38FCA2FED9" blockId="10.[178,1085,219,270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
(DE VILLERS, 1798).
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FE76FF38FDF8FF26" author="ALFKEN J" box="[398,557,219,241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7742" refString="ALFKEN J. D. (1940): Die Arthropodenfauna von Madeira nach den Ergebnissen der Reise von Prof. Dr. O. Lundblad Juli - August 1935. XXV. Hymenoptera: Prosopis, Andrena, Anthophora, Megachile und Osmia. - Arkiv for zoologi (Uppsala) 32 (4): 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1940">ALFKEN (1940)</bibRefCitation>
accepted the species status, but
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FC7FFF38FBECFF26" author="LIEFTINCK M" box="[903,1081,219,241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref9469" refString="LIEFTINCK M. A. (1956): Revision of some oriental Anthophorine bees of the genus Amegilla Friese (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). - Zoolog. Verhandelingen 30: 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1956">LIEFTINCK (1956</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FF4AFF1BFF33FED9" author="LIEFTINCK M" box="[178,230,248,270]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref9505" refString="LIEFTINCK M. A. (1958): Entomological results of the Finnish expedition to the Canary Islands 1947 - 1951. No. 16. A preliminary account of the bees of the Canary Islands (Hym., Apoidea). - Commentati ones Biologicae Societas Scientiarum Fennica 18: 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
) referred to the species as
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FE0CFF1BFCA6FED9" ID-CoL="66B68" authority="(DE VILLERS, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="DE VILLERS" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[500,883,248,270]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Amegilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrifasciata">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FE0CFF1BFD71FEDA" box="[500,676,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">A. quadrifasciata</emphasis>
(DE VILLERS, 1798)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30065033763FFF7FF4AFEFEFDB3FDEC" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA536883763FFF7FF4AFEFEFDB3FDEC" blockId="10.[178,1085,285,571]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
There are certain morphological differences: In
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FD5FFEFDFC8CFEE5" baseAuthorityName="DE VILLERS" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[679,857,285,307]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Amegilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrifasciata">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FD5FFEFDFC8CFEE5" box="[679,857,285,307]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">A. quadrifasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the tergite bands are wider than the tergite terminal part. Tergite 1 has light hairs in the centre. In
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FC3FFED8FBE9FE87" baseAuthorityName="Sichel" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[967,1084,315,336]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Amegilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maderae">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FC3FFED8FBE9FE87" box="[967,1084,315,336]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">A. maderae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the tergite bands are narrow, and tergite 1 has dark to black hairs in the centre (checked by A.W. Ebmer). H.-R. Schwenninger (Natural Museum of Stuttgart) analysed the genitalia of specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F30D76183763FFF7FE4CFE70FE2CFE7F" box="[436,505,403,424]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">France</collectingCountry>
(Agay, Saint Raphaël, Côte d’Azur), Lanzarote (Playa Blanca), and Madeira (Cabo Girão, Câmara de Lobos). Certain differences can be detected; however, there is morphological variation, so no clear separating characteristics could be found. Because of the lack of differences in the genital structures, the actual status is
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FEDAFDEBFD9EFDCA" box="[290,587,520,541]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FEDAFDEBFE0AFDCA" baseAuthorityName="DE VILLERS" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[290,479,520,541]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Amegilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrifasciata">A. quadrifasciata</taxonomicName>
maderae
</emphasis>
. Further morphological, morphometric, and molecular investigations will be necessary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30065033763FFF7FF4AFDA9FD70FB8C" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA536883763FFF7FF4AFDA9FF22FC51" blockId="10.[178,1085,585,902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FF4AFDA9FC91FDB7" ID-CoL="8PF5D" authority="KRUGER, 1956" authorityName="KRUGER" authorityYear="1956" box="[178,836,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="terrestris" subGenus="Bombus" subSpecies="lusitanicus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FF4AFDA9FD24FD88" bold="true" box="[178,753,585,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FF4AFDA9FEDDFDB7" bold="true" box="[178,264,586,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Bombus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FEDEFDA9FEA9FDB7" bold="true" box="[294,380,586,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Bombus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FE62FDA8FDAAFDB7" bold="true" box="[410,639,586,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">terrestris lusitanicus</emphasis>
KRÜGER
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FCF6FDA8FC91FDB7" bold="true" box="[782,836,587,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">1956</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FCBCFDA8FC9CFDB7" bold="true" box="[836,841,587,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">:</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FC64FDA8FC38FDB7" ID-CoL="62H8K" box="[924,1005,587,608]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FC64FDA8FC38FDB7" box="[924,1005,587,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Bombus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxon ‘
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FF42FD8BFEE3FDAA" box="[186,310,616,637]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">maderensis’</emphasis>
has been regarded as a species of its own by some authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FC56FD8BFF32FD4C" author="ERLANDSSON S" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="187 - 192" refId="ref8478" refString="ERLANDSSON S. (1979): Bombus canariensis Per. and Bombus maderensis n. sp. from the Macaronesian islands. - Cent. Scand. 10: 187 - 192." type="journal article" year="1979">ERLANDSSON, 1979</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FF09FD65FE4FFD4B" author="RASMONT P" box="[241,410,646,668]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="135 - 160" refId="ref9871" refString="RASMONT P. (1984): Les bourdons du genre Bombus Latreille sensu stricto en Europe occidentale et centrale (Hymenoptera, Apidae). - Spixiana 7: 135 - 160." type="journal article" year="1984">RASMONT, 1984</bibRefCitation>
). This was not accepted by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FD4FFD65FC75FD4B" author="RASMONT P &amp; COPPEE A &amp; MICHEZ D" box="[695,928,645,668]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="243 - 250" refId="ref9905" refString="RASMONT P., COPPEE A., MICHEZ D. &amp; T. D. MEULEMEESTER (2008): An overview of the Bombus terrestris (L. 1758) subspecies (Hymenoptera: Apidae). - Annales de la Soc iete entomologique de France 44, 243 - 250." type="journal article" year="2008">RASMONT et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FC2BFD65FEE7FD6E" author="WILLIAMS P &amp; BROWN M &amp; CAROLAN J &amp; AN J &amp; GOULSON D &amp; AYTEKIN A &amp; BEST L &amp; BYVALTSEV A &amp; CEDERBERG B &amp; DAWSON R &amp; HUANG J &amp; ITO M &amp; MONFARED A &amp; RAINA R &amp; HEMPEL P &amp; SHEELD C &amp; SIMA P" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref10719" refString="WILLIAMS P. H., BROWN M. J. F., CAROLAN J. C., AN J., GOULSON D., AYTEKIN A. M., BEST L. R., BYVALTSEV A. M., CEDERBERG B., DAWSON R., HUANG J., ITO M., MONFARED A., RAINA R. H., SCHMID- HEMPEL P., SHEELD C. S., SIMA P. &amp; Z. XIE (2012): Unveiling cryptic species of the bumblebee subgenus Bombus s. str. worldwide with COI barcodes (Hymenoptera: Apidae). - Systematics and Biodiversity iFirst: 1 - 36." type="book chapter" year="2012">WILLIAMS et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. We will follow
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FE18FD40FD19FD6E" author="RASMONT P &amp; COPPEE A &amp; MICHEZ D" box="[480,716,675,697]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="243 - 250" refId="ref9905" refString="RASMONT P., COPPEE A., MICHEZ D. &amp; T. D. MEULEMEESTER (2008): An overview of the Bombus terrestris (L. 1758) subspecies (Hymenoptera: Apidae). - Annales de la Soc iete entomologique de France 44, 243 - 250." type="journal article" year="2008">RASMONT et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, who assigned the specimens of the
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FF4AFD23FED3FD01" box="[178,262,704,726]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Madeira</collectingRegion>
Archipelago to
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FE49FD22FD76FD02" box="[433,675,704,726]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FE49FD22FDF8FD01" ID-CoL="MFWK" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[433,557,705,726]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrestris">B. terrestris</taxonomicName>
lusitanicus
</emphasis>
; see also
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FCF5FD23FC7CFD01" author="COPPEE A" box="[781,937,703,726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" refId="ref8150" refString="COPPEE A. (2012): Bombus terrestris (L. 1758): A complex species or a species complex? - Intraspecific pheromonal and genetic variations of Bombus terrestris (L.). Impacts on the speciation. - PhD thesis. Unive rsite de Mons, Laboratoire de Zoologie." type="book" year="2012">COPPÉE (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. The morphological characteristics of the former
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FDD2FD3DFC9CFD24" ID-CoL="8P65P" authority="PEREZ, 1895" authorityName="PEREZ" authorityYear="1895" box="[554,841,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canariensis">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FDD2FD3DFD68FD24" box="[554,701,734,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">B. canariensis</emphasis>
PÉREZ, 1895
</taxonomicName>
, are not strongly divergent from the broad variation of
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FDFEFD18FD55FCC7" ID-CoL="MFWK" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[518,640,763,784]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FDFEFD18FD55FCC7" box="[518,640,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">B. terrestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D57E13763FFF7FD71FD18FD73FCC6" box="[649,678,763,785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
However, a molecular genetic analysis by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FF2EFCFBFE69FCF9" author="WIDMER A &amp; HEMPEL P &amp; ESTOUP A" box="[214,444,792,814]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="563 - 572" refId="ref10667" refString="WIDMER A., SCHMID- HEMPEL P., ESTOUP A. &amp; A. SCHOLL (1998): Population genetic structure and colonization history of Bombus terrestris s. l. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Canary Islands and Madeira. - Heredity 81: 563 - 572" type="journal article" year="1998">WIDMER et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
supported the distinctness of the Canary Island populations from the European mainland populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FD83FCD5FD20FC9C" ID-CoL="MFWK" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[635,757,822,843]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrestris">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FD83FCD5FD20FC9C" box="[635,757,822,843]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">B. terrestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This indicates that they have a longer genetic separation on the archipelago and underlines that the populations are native.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536883763FFF7FF4AFC76FD70FB8C" blockId="10.[178,1085,917,1115]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
Specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FE97FC76FE16FC7C" box="[367,451,917,939]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Madeira</collectingRegion>
show genetic similarities to mainland populations of
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FBDFFC75FE51FC1F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FBDFFC75FEDAFC1F" ID-CoL="MFWK" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrestris">B. terrestris</taxonomicName>
lusitanicus
</emphasis>
from the Iberian peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FD50FC50FCAFFC1E" author="WIDMER A &amp; HEMPEL P &amp; ESTOUP A" box="[680,890,947,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="563 - 572" refId="ref10667" refString="WIDMER A., SCHMID- HEMPEL P., ESTOUP A. &amp; A. SCHOLL (1998): Population genetic structure and colonization history of Bombus terrestris s. l. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the Canary Islands and Madeira. - Heredity 81: 563 - 572" type="journal article" year="1998">WIDMER et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
). The variability at microsatellite loci is similar to that of Mediterranean island populations and larger than on the
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FF04FC0DFE4FFBD4" box="[252,410,1005,1027]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
. The authors concluded that the occurrence of the mainland and Mediterranean mtDNA haplotype A on
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FDB3FBE8FD4AFBF6" box="[587,671,1035,1057]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Madeira</collectingRegion>
Island is indicative of a different evolutionary history. We classify
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FE27FBCAFD06FBEA" box="[479,723,1064,1086]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FE27FBCAFD89FBE9" ID-CoL="MFWK" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[479,604,1065,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terrestris">B. terrestris</taxonomicName>
lusitanicus
</emphasis>
as native and not introduced (see also comments concerning
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FE3EFBA6FD4DFB8D" ID-CoL="5FYSM" baseAuthorityName="FABRICIUS" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[454,664,1093,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="ruderatus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FE3EFBA6FD4DFB8D" box="[454,664,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Bombus r. ruderatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30065033763FFF7FF4AFB89FDEDFA46" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA536883763FFF7FF4AFB89FBC4FAC3" blockId="10.[178,1085,1130,1300]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FF4AFB89FD29FB57" authority="(FABRICIUS, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="FABRICIUS" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[178,764,1130,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" subGenus="Megabombus" subSpecies="ruderatus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FF4AFB89FD64FBA8" bold="true" box="[178,689,1130,1152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FF4AFB89FEDDFB57" bold="true" box="[178,264,1130,1152]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Bombus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FEEFFB89FE71FB57" bold="true" box="[279,420,1130,1152]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Megabombus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FE4BFB88FDE5FB57" bold="true" box="[435,560,1130,1152]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">r. ruderatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FDC6FB89FD64FBA8" author="FABRICIUS J" box="[574,689,1130,1152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" refId="ref8512" refString="FABRICIUS J. C. (1775): Systema entomologiae sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. - Flensburgum et Lipsia (Korte). 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">FABRICIUS</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FD46FB89FD29FB57" bold="true" box="[702,764,1130,1152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">1775)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FD05FB89FCD7FB57" bold="true" box="[765,770,1130,1152]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">:</emphasis>
This species was described by Fabricius in 1775 based on specimens collected by Joseph Banks (first expedition of the Endeavour led by Captain James Cook) on the stop they made in
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FCA1FB46FC78FB6C" box="[857,941,1189,1211]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Madeira</collectingRegion>
in
<date id="FFA410483763FFF7FC29FB46FF30FB0E" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" value="1768-09">September 1768</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FF0EFB20FE76FB0E" author="FABRICIUS J" box="[246,419,1219,1241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" refId="ref8512" refString="FABRICIUS J. C. (1775): Systema entomologiae sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. - Flensburgum et Lipsia (Korte). 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">FABRICIUS 1775</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FE49FB20FD5DFB0E" author="BOIEIRO M &amp; AGUIAR A &amp; REGO C &amp; BORGES P" box="[433,648,1219,1241]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" refId="ref7915" refString="BOIEIRO M., AGUIAR A. F., REGO C., BORGES P. A. V. &amp; A. R. M. SERRANO (2015): The biodiversity of terrestrial arthropods in Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. - http: // seaentomologia. org / IDE @ / revista _ 6 B. pdf, Revista IDEA; 6 B: 1 - 20." type="book" year="2015">BOIEIRO et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The locus typicus of
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FC7BFB20FBF4FB0F" baseAuthorityName="FABRICIUS" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[899,1057,1219,1240]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="ruderatus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FC7BFB20FBF4FB0F" box="[899,1057,1219,1240]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">B. r. ruderatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FEE5FB03FEA7FB21" box="[285,370,1248,1270]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Madeira</collectingRegion>
Island.
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FE2DFB03FD6CFB22" baseAuthorityName="FABRICIUS" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[469,697,1248,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="ruderatus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FE2DFB03FD6CFB22" box="[469,697,1248,1270]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Bombus r. ruderatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also distributed on the Iberian Peninsula. The central European subspecies is
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FD73FB1DFBDBFAC3" authority="(DALLA TORRE, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="DALLA TORRE" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[651,1038,1278,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="eurynotus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FD73FB1DFCF7FAC4" box="[651,802,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">B. r. eurynotus</emphasis>
(DALLA TORRE, 1882)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536883763FFF7FF4AFAC0FDEDFA46" blockId="10.[178,1085,1315,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FEC7FAC0FE24FAEE" author="RASMONT P" box="[319,497,1315,1337]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref9836" refString="RASMONT P. (1983): Catalogue commente des bourdons de la region ouest-palearctique (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Apidae). - Not. Faunist. Gembloux 7: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1983">RASMONT (1983)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FE04FAC0FD46FAEF" baseAuthorityName="FABRICIUS" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[508,659,1315,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="ruderatus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FE04FAC0FD46FAEF" box="[508,659,1315,1336]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">B. r. ruderatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed on the
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FC95FAC0FC60FAEF" box="[877,949,1315,1336]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Azores</collectingRegion>
too (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FF4AFAA3FE85FA81" author="YARROW I" box="[178,336,1344,1366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="24 - 32" refId="ref10845" refString="YARROW I. H. H. (1967): On the Formicidae of the Azores. - Boletim do M useu municipal do Funchal 21: 24 - 32." type="journal article" year="1967">YARROW 1967</bibRefCitation>
), and was introduced in the
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FD74FAA3FD01FA82" box="[652,724,1344,1365]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Azores</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FD1EFAA3FC3CFA81" author="WEISSMANN J &amp; PICANCO A &amp; BORGES P" box="[742,1001,1344,1366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" pagination="63 - 95" refId="ref10592" refString="WEISSMANN J. A., PICANCO A., BORGES P. A. V. &amp; H. SCHAEFER (2017): Bees of the Azores: an annotated checklist (Apidae, Hymenoptera). - ZooKeys 642: 63 - 95." type="journal article" year="2017">WEISSMANN et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
), firstly recorded in 1865 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B793763FFF7FE83FABDFDC9FAA3" author="GODMAN F" box="[379,540,1374,1396]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" refId="ref8706" refString="GODMAN F. DU CANE (1870): Natural History of the Azores, or Western Islands. J. Van Voorst, London. 377 pp." type="book" year="1870">GODMAN 1870</bibRefCitation>
). On Tenerife,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FD3DFABDFC9DFAA5" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[709,840,1373,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruderatus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FD3DFABDFC9DFAA5" box="[709,840,1373,1395]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">B. ruderatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is actually an invader (PÉREZ &amp; MACÍAS- HERNÁNDEZ 2012).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30065033763FFF6FF4AFA43FD81FEB9" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1224" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA536883763FFF6FF4AFA43FC96FEFC" blockId="10.[178,1085,1440,1609]" lastBlockId="11.[178,1084,219,299]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1224" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">
Already in the fourteenth century, ships regularly docked on
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FCBBFA43FC42FA61" box="[835,919,1440,1462]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Madeira</collectingRegion>
Island on their return from the
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FEA2FA5EFE63FA04" box="[346,438,1469,1491]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Canaries</collectingRegion>
. In our opinion we cannot exclude a man-made unintentional introduction. If we compare the distribution with that of
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FD03FA38FC49FA27" box="[763,924,1499,1520]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">B. t. lusitanicus</emphasis>
on
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FC3CFA38FBCEFA26" box="[964,1051,1499,1521]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Madeira</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D0B3763FFF7FBDFFA38FEC1F9DA" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruderatus">
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FBDFFA38FEC1F9DA" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">B. ruderatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to lower altitudes, and the preferred habitats are rural sites, and the preferring flowering ressources are rural plant species. This is not the case for
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3763FFF7FBF6F9F5FEF5F99F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">B. t. lusitanicus</emphasis>
, which is also common on
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3763FFF7FDC5F9D0FDA1F99F" box="[573,628,1587,1608]" country="Portugal" name="Porto" pageId="10" pageNumber="1223">Porto</collectingRegion>
Santo, has a habitat preference for the trade wind zone, and is characterised by visiting the flowers of many native plant species (especially
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3762FFF6FED3FF1BFEADFEDA" box="[299,376,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1224">Echium</emphasis>
); see KRATOCHWIL &amp; SCHWABE (2018a). We studied the flowervisiting behaviour of
<emphasis id="B96EEA9A3762FFF6FE73FEF5FDFCFEFD" box="[395,553,277,299]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1224">B. t. lusitanicus</emphasis>
intensively on
<collectingRegion id="49DEF86A3762FFF6FD3DFEF5FD29FEFC" box="[709,764,278,299]" country="Portugal" name="Porto" pageId="11" pageNumber="1224">Porto</collectingRegion>
Santo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA536883762FFF6FF4AFED8FD81FEB9" blockId="11.[178,1085,315,366]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1224">Further investigations (especially population genetic analyses) are necessary to determine the rank of ‘native’ or ‘introduced’.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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