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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad9fadb9-dae2-4d9e-99ac-18720e54e2fa" ID-PMC="PMC4304033" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-472-117" ID-PubMed="25632252" ID-ZBK="F9D10185A581424093C1B35A960F5F88" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-472-117" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 472" ModsDocTitle="Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)" checkinTime="1451244827731" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mally, Richard, Korycinska, Anastasia, Agassiz, David J. L., Hall, Jayne, Hodgetts, Jennifer &amp; Nuss, Matthias" docDate="2015" docId="EB1C5575918821EF6246A2EAC98B536E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 472: 117-162" docOrigin="ZooKeys 472" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781" docTitle="Leucinodes rimavallis Mally, Korycinska, Agassiz, Hall, Hodgetts &amp; Nuss, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="F7EFC84B-D824-420F-8D0D-F5D0FF026CE2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="FFE27F4AFFB0563AFFFBFF814072DA71" masterDocTitle="Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="117" pageNumber="129" updateTime="1668159804888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mally, Richard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Korycinska, Anastasia</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Agassiz, David J. L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hall, Jayne</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hodgetts, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nuss, Matthias</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>472</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>117</mods:start>
<mods:end>162</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8781</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-472-117</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F9D10185A581424093C1B35A960F5F88</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F9D10185A581424093C1B35A960F5F88</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152057691" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7EFC84B-D824-420F-8D0D-F5D0FF026CE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB1C5575918821EF6246A2EAC98B536E" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="12" pageNumber="129">
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="129" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Crambidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F7EFC84B-D824-420F-8D0D-F5D0FF026CE2" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes rimavallis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimavallis">Leucinodes rimavallis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="12" pageNumber="129">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 3, 16, 25
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="129" type="type-lacality">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Type-lacality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">
Kenya, Mt Elgon,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="1.1183333">01°07'06&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="34.69167">34°41'30&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, February 1952, T. H. E. Jackson leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="129" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">
Type-specimen. Holotype ♂ [red-circled label] &quot;Holo- | type&quot;, &quot;Mt Elgon | Kenya | Feb. 1952 | T.H.E. Jackson&quot;, &quot;Pres. by | Coryndon Mus. | B.M. 1961-696.&quot;, B.M.
<taxonomicName family="Pyralidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
Genitalia slide No. 23119 (BMNH). - Additional material.RWANDA. 1♂ Gisenyi (Kisenyi), 30.iv.1957, leg. M. Fontaine, prep. RM698 (RMCA); BURUNDI. 2♂ Kitega, 30.iv.1968 &amp; 31.v.1969, leg. M. Fontaine, preps RM702 &amp; RM703 (RMCA); KENYA. 1♂ Central Province, Castle Forest Lodge (S slope of Mt Kenya), 2050m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-0.35416666">0°21'15&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="35.303333">35°18'12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 20.xi.2009, prep. DJLA1337 (coll. DJLA); 1♂ Central Province, Gatamayu Forest,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-0.9741667">0°58.45'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="36.697166">36°41.83'E</geoCoordinate>
, 21.vii.2001, leg. R.S. Copeland, DNA voucher SMTD Lep1593, prep. RM667 (RMCA); 1♂ Central Province, Gatamayu Forest,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-0.9741667">0°58.45'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="36.697166">36°41.83'E</geoCoordinate>
, 2284m, 17.viii.2002, leg. R. Copeland, prep. RM684 (RMCA); 1♀ Coast Province, Buda Forest,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-4.4631667">4°27.79'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="39.40333">39°24.20'E</geoCoordinate>
, 25.iv.2002, ex fruits
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Withania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Withania somnifera" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somnifera">Withania somnifera</taxonomicName>
, leg. R.S. Copeland, DNA voucher MTD Lep1592, prep. RM666 (RMCA); 1♀ Fort-Hall [
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muranga">Murang'a</normalizedToken>
], 1330 m, i.1912, leg. Alluaud &amp; Jeannel, prep. RM742 (MNHN); 1♀ Taveta, 750 m, iii.1912, leg. Alluaud &amp; Jeannel, prep. RM744 (MNHN); 1♀ Rurunga, 1550 m, i.1912, leg. Alluaud &amp; Jeannel, prep. RM745 (MNHN); 1♂ Western Province, Kericho, 2050m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-0.35416666">0°21'15&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="35.303333">35°18'12&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 31.viii.1999, prep. DJLA1317 (coll. DJLA); 1♂ Mt. Elgon, ii.1952, leg. T.H.E. Jackson, BMNH
<taxonomicName family="Pyralidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
slide No. 23119 (BMNH); 1♀ Mt. Elgon, i.1959, leg. T.H.E. Jackson, BMNH
<taxonomicName family="Pyralidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
slide No. 23129 (BMNH); DR CONGO. 1♂ Ituri, Nioka, 5.ix.1953, leg. J. Hecq, prep. RM692 (RMCA); 1♂ Lubumbashi (Elisabethville), 13.x.1938, leg. Ch. Seydel, prep. RM695 (RMCA); 1♂ N. Kivu Lake, Rwankwi, iv.1948, leg. J. V. Leroy, prep. RM700 (RMCA); SOUTH AFRICA. 1♀ Natal, prep. RM735 (MNHN); THE NETHERLANDS (IMPORT). 1♂ Barendrecht, import Uganda, 26.ii.2014, leg. Sluijs, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">Solanum melongena</taxonomicName>
, prep. RM756 (NPPO); 1♂ Rijnsburg, import Uganda, 12.ii.2014, leg. J. de Zeeuw, on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">Solanum melongena</taxonomicName>
, prep. RM757 (NPPO).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">
Frons is moderately bulged; in wing pattern this species is indistinguishable from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes orbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbonalis">Leucinodes orbonalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes africensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africensis">Leucinodes africensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes pseudorbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudorbonalis">Leucinodes pseudorbonalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes kenyensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kenyensis">Leucinodes kenyensis</taxonomicName>
and &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucinodes</taxonomicName>
spp.&quot;, but distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes malawiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malawiensis">Leucinodes malawiensis</taxonomicName>
by the absence of the forewing basal transversal streak and the presence of the apical half moon-shaped patch, and from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes laisalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laisalis">Leucinodes laisalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes ethiopica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ethiopica">Leucinodes ethiopica</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes ugandensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ugandensis">Leucinodes ugandensis</taxonomicName>
by the predominantly white forewing ground colour. In male genitalia it is distinguished by: the long ventrad fibula (as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes africensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africensis">Leucinodes africensis</taxonomicName>
, short and triangular in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes malawiensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malawiensis">Leucinodes malawiensis</taxonomicName>
, broad and stout in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes laisalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laisalis">Leucinodes laisalis</taxonomicName>
); the granulate, hook-shaped distal sacculus process (similar in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes africensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africensis">Leucinodes africensis</taxonomicName>
, process smooth in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes kenyensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kenyensis">Leucinodes kenyensis</taxonomicName>
); the apically thin, subulate juxta (as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes africensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africensis">Leucinodes africensis</taxonomicName>
, broad subulate in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes orbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbonalis">Leucinodes orbonalis</taxonomicName>
); the prominent oval saw blade-shaped sclerotization of the posterior phallus apodeme (as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes africensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africensis">Leucinodes africensis</taxonomicName>
); distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes africensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africensis">Leucinodes africensis</taxonomicName>
by the shorter, straight to slightly curved fibula with a broader base, the shorter, always hook-shaped distal sacculus process, and the rounded valva apex (pointed in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes africensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africensis">Leucinodes africensis</taxonomicName>
). Female genitalia have slender apophyses anteriores (as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes orbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbonalis">Leucinodes orbonalis</taxonomicName>
), the central antrum tube with a short, strongly sclerotized section (long strip in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes africensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africensis">Leucinodes africensis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes pseudorbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudorbonalis">Leucinodes pseudorbonalis</taxonomicName>
), and the anteriolateral edges of sternite 8 with triangular processes extending into the lateral antrum pockets (as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes kenyensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kenyensis">Leucinodes kenyensis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="129" type="description of adults">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Description of adults.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Head. As for the genus, with frons moderately bulged.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Thorax. As for the genus, with dorsal side brown, tegula scales whitish-brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">
Wings. Forewing length ♂ 8.5-12.0 mm, ♀ 7.0-14.0 mm; wing pattern as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes orbonalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbonalis">Leucinodes orbonalis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Abdomen. First segment whitish, remainder light to dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">
Male genitalia. As in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Leucinodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucinodes africensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africensis">Leucinodes africensis</taxonomicName>
, but with the fibula short, more triangular and robust, straight or slightly curved; distal sacculus process short and always bent apically; valva apex rounded or stout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Female genitalia. As for the genus, apart from: anterior antrum with short sclerotized section, central posterior antrum with diffuse weak sclerotization; sternite 8 on each side with anteriad triangular process extending into the lateral antrum pockets.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="129" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">
From latin rima for
<normalizedToken originalValue="rift">'rift'</normalizedToken>
and vallis for
<normalizedToken originalValue="valley">'valley'</normalizedToken>
, referring to the African Rift Valley, the main distributional area of this species (as far as known).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Burundi, Eastern and Southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda (import).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="129" type="foodplants">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">Foodplants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum melongena" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="melongena">Solanum melongena</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Withania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Withania somnifera" order="Solanales" pageId="12" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somnifera">Withania somnifera</taxonomicName>
(L.) Dunal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>