248 lines
39 KiB
XML
248 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="136217531150F3AC2A6A348D67776EA3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1217.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5064796" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625283125096" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Fuller, E. & Platia, G." docDate="2006" docId="0F7C9B43FFE9E942FE8DFE1F945EFD63" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01217p076.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1217 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1217.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Ctenoplus rufoantennatus Fuller & Platia 2006, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="F345E33BFFC4E96DFF85FFFB9739FFFD" masterDocTitle="A revision of the click beetle genus Ctenoplus Candèze, 1863 (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Synaptina)" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698986177451" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0984A916B944D3619A72511A576131FA">
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<mods:title id="89763167E7C0154A9C22989AB98B9B2F">A revision of the click beetle genus Ctenoplus Candèze, 1863 (Coleoptera: Elateridae, Synaptina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="592CB4D91073467B3FDABD87B7675A0D">Fuller, E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0A997DBC093BC544C40EE593A529C18">Platia, G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="ACBE242DC18ABFC1E8AE9AC005C97245">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4B80538B255D25C17A70BF64732E8A9F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5D80570135CFA53ED029E91EA8DC3B4C">
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<mods:date id="857EEBCC907E959F3F6AAE2EF3949808">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="61A25B1B0EF00059B17092DB185FE20A">2006-05-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="59985161ECADB67AB0A74A05351AFD3A">1217</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="49E71735DFDED5671FAFF047ADDCF088">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1217.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="77FB596234F3B4BF6B707554F859988B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1217.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="CFCF79DEFFE9E940FE8DFE1F95B7FE00" box="[264,654,483,510]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="876A2A55FFE9E940FE8DFE1F95B7FE00" blockId="45.[264,654,483,545]" box="[264,654,483,510]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="DC229D39FFE9E940FE8DFE1F95B7FE00" bold="true" box="[264,654,483,510]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFE9E940FE8DFE1F95B7FE00" bold="true" box="[264,654,483,510]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="40D551D6FFE9E940FE8DFE1F957DFE03" authority="Fuller & Platia, 2006" authorityName="Fuller & Platia" authorityYear="2006" box="[264,580,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Ctenoplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoantennatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFE9E940FE8DFE1F957DFE03" bold="true" box="[264,580,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ctenoplus rufoantennatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE924B3CFFE9E940FDC9FE1895B7FE00" box="[588,654,483,509]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFCF79DEFFE9E942FE8DFDFC945EFD63" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="876A2A55FFE9E940FE8DFDFC9544FDDC" blockId="45.[264,654,483,545]" box="[264,637,519,545]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFE9E940FE8DFDFC96ADFDDC" box="[264,404,519,545]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[331,1269,554,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-221@7.[322,1281,554,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. 1–4, head capsule, lateral. 5–6, tarsal claw. 7–8, tarsus. 9, venter of prothorax. Fig. 10: venter of mesothorax, lateral. 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, Ctenoplus balli n. sp.; 2, Silesis hilaris Cand.; 3, Synaptus filiformis (L.); 4, Glyphonyx sp.; 6, 8, Ctenoplus rufoantennatus n. sp. Abbreviations: a, antennal socket; ag, anterior groove of mesepisternum; as, anterior articulating surface of mesosternum; bm, beaded margin of mesosternal cavity; c, mesocoxa; d, lateral depression of mesosternum; da, dorsal apex of prosternal spine; dp, dorsal periocular pit; g, gena; hc, anteromesal concavity of hypomeron; l, ventral lobe of tarsomere 4; lb, lateral border of prosternum; lp, anterolateral projection of mesepimeron; mb, mesal border of hypomeron; mc, mandibular condyle; mm, mesepimeron; ms, mesepisternum; pr, projection of mesal border of hypomeron; sc, supraantennal carina; tp, anterior tentorial pit; va, ventral apex of prosternal spine; vp, ventral periocular pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064798/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figures 6, 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFE9E940FE24FDFC96F8FDDC" box="[417,449,519,545]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–30" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1146,1170]" captionTargetBox="[297,1282,330,1113]" captionTargetId="figure-245@11.[293,1583,326,1140]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15–30. Antenna of Ctenoplus species. 15, C. javanensis Cand.; 16, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 17, C. sanguinolentus (Cand.); 18, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 19, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 20, C. indicus n. sp.; 21, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 22, C. siamensis n. sp.; 23, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 24, C. castaneus (Fleut.); 25, C. coomani Fleut.; 26, C. divergens n. sp.; 27, C. alutaceus n. sp.; 28, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 29, C. cateianus n. sp.; 30, C. dorsalis n. sp. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064806/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">23</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFE9E940FE4BFDFC96D4FDDC" box="[462,493,519,545]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–43" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[369,1208,554,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-170@14.[359,1241,544,1699]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 31–43. Pronotal outline of Ctenoplus species, dorsal. 31, C. javanensis Cand.; 32, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 33, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 34, C. indicus n. sp.; 35, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 36, C. castaneus (Fleut.); 37, C. coomani Fleut.; 38, C. divergens n. sp., a: male, b: female; 39, C. alutaceus n. sp.; 40, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 41, C. gigas n. sp.; 42, C. cateianus n. sp.; 43, C. dorsalis n. sp. Abbreviation: bf, sublateral longitudinal incision. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064810/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">35</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFE9E940FE7CFDFC9520FDDC" box="[505,537,519,545]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–85" captionStartId="22.[264,382,1424,1448]" captionTargetBox="[293,1279,326,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-207@22.[264,1323,326,1438]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–85. Male genitalia of Ctenoplus species, dorsal aspect unless otherwise specified. 66, C. javanensis Cand.; 67, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 68, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 69, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 70, C. indicus n. sp.; 71, C. collaris Cand., a, dorsal, b, ventral; 72, C. pseudocollaris n. sp.; 73, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 74, C. siamensis n. sp.; 75, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 76, C. castaneus (Fleut.), a, dorsal, b, lateral; 77, C. coomani Fleut.; 78, C. divergens n. sp.; 79, C. alutaceus n. sp., a, dorsal, b, lateral; 80, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 81, C. balli n. sp.; 82, C. girardianus n. sp.; 83, C. gigas n. sp.; 84, C. cateianus n. sp.; 85, C. deceptus n. sp. Abbreviations: st, median struts; pa, parameres; ph, phallobase. Scale bar = 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064822/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">75</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFE9E940FDA0FDFC957CFDDC" box="[549,581,519,545]" captionStart="FIGURES 89–97" captionStartId="28.[264,382,1499,1523]" captionTargetBox="[300,1286,365,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-96@28.[264,1323,330,1493]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 89–97. Female genitalia of Ctenoplus species. 89, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 90, C. sanguinolentus Cand.; 91, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 92, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 93, C. indicus n. sp.; 94, C. collaris (Cand.); 95, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 96, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 97, C. castaneus (Fleut.). Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064826/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">96</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFE9E940FDD4FDFC9544FDDC" box="[593,637,519,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 109" captionStartId="39.[264,367,1057,1081]" captionTargetBox="[358,1224,318,1023]" captionTargetId="figure-237@39.[358,1224,318,1037]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 109. Distribution of Ctenoplus species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064834/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">109</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFE9E940FE8DFDAC9646FD8D" blockId="45.[264,1322,599,825]" box="[264,383,599,624]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFE9E940FE8DFDAC9646FD8D" box="[264,383,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="876A2A55FFE9E940FEBDFD849332FCC4" blockId="45.[264,1322,599,825]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Small to mediumsized red and black
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<taxonomicName id="40D551D6FFE9E940FC8EFD8494BBFD65" box="[779,898,639,664]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Ctenoplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFE9E940FC8EFD8494BBFD65" box="[779,898,639,664]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ctenoplus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with unicoloured yellowishbrown antennae and a well developed ventral lobe on tarsomere 4 (
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<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFE9E940FC53FD5C9327FD3C" box="[982,1054,679,705]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[331,1269,554,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-221@7.[322,1281,554,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. 1–4, head capsule, lateral. 5–6, tarsal claw. 7–8, tarsus. 9, venter of prothorax. Fig. 10: venter of mesothorax, lateral. 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, Ctenoplus balli n. sp.; 2, Silesis hilaris Cand.; 3, Synaptus filiformis (L.); 4, Glyphonyx sp.; 6, 8, Ctenoplus rufoantennatus n. sp. Abbreviations: a, antennal socket; ag, anterior groove of mesepisternum; as, anterior articulating surface of mesosternum; bm, beaded margin of mesosternal cavity; c, mesocoxa; d, lateral depression of mesosternum; da, dorsal apex of prosternal spine; dp, dorsal periocular pit; g, gena; hc, anteromesal concavity of hypomeron; l, ventral lobe of tarsomere 4; lb, lateral border of prosternum; lp, anterolateral projection of mesepimeron; mb, mesal border of hypomeron; mc, mandibular condyle; mm, mesepimeron; ms, mesepisternum; pr, projection of mesal border of hypomeron; sc, supraantennal carina; tp, anterior tentorial pit; va, ventral apex of prosternal spine; vp, ventral periocular pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064798/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="40D551D6FFE9E940FBBCFD5C9234FD3D" authorityName="Fuller & Platia" authorityYear="2006" box="[1081,1293,679,704]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Ctenoplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoantennatus">
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<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFE9E940FBBCFD5C9234FD3D" box="[1081,1293,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. rufoantennatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar in size and colour to
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<taxonomicName id="40D551D6FFE9E940FDEEFD34943AFD15" authority="Fuller & Platia, 2006" authorityName="Fuller & Platia" authorityYear="2006" box="[619,771,719,744]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Ctenoplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFE9E940FDEEFD34943AFD15" box="[619,771,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. siamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFE9E940FC88FD35946DFD15" bold="true" box="[781,852,718,744]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE924B3CFFE9E940FC88FD35946DFD15" box="[781,852,718,744]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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which lacks a well developed lobe on tarsomere 4. Distribution can also be used to distinguish these species;
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<taxonomicName id="40D551D6FFE9E940FBD3FD0C9213FCED" authorityName="Fuller & Platia" authorityYear="2006" box="[1110,1322,759,784]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Ctenoplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoantennatus">
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<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFE9E940FBD3FD0C9213FCED" box="[1110,1322,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. rufoantennatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from
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<collectingCountry id="FFC26AC5FFE9E940FE3FFCE496C0FCC4" box="[442,505,799,825]" name="India" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">India</collectingCountry>
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, while
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<taxonomicName id="40D551D6FFE9E940FDCBFCE495DBFCC5" authorityName="Fuller & Platia" authorityYear="2006" box="[590,738,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Ctenoplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">
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<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFE9E940FDCBFCE495DBFCC5" box="[590,738,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. siamensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is known from
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<collectingCountry id="FFC26AC5FFE9E940FC1EFCE4933EFCC4" box="[923,1031,799,825]" name="Thailand" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="876A2A55FFE9E940FE8DFC9496ABFC75" blockId="45.[264,1323,879,1905]" box="[264,402,879,904]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFE9E940FE8DFC9496ABFC75" box="[264,402,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="876A2A55FFE9E940FEBDFC6C95B2FBD4" blockId="45.[264,1323,879,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Body fusiform, tapered posteriorly. Head, elytra, ventral surface of meso and metathorax, and abdomen reddishblack; prothorax yellowishred; antenna, legs and palpi yellowishbrown; setae opaque yellowishwhite. Length: male,
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<quantity id="402D87B0FFE9E940FBA0FC1C9387FBFC" box="[1061,1214,999,1025]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="6.5">6.5–7.5 mm</quantity>
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; female,
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<quantity id="402D87B0FFE9E940FE8DFBF496A1FBD4" box="[264,408,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–8.5 mm</quantity>
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; width: 1.5–2.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="876A2A55FFE9E940FEBDFBCC921AFA94" blockId="45.[264,1323,879,1905]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Head. Punctures relatively deep, almost contiguous throughout; punctures adjacent to eye forming shallow groove along margin of eye. Eyes relatively small: ocular index, male 68–73, female 71–76. Antenna,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFE9E940FD2AFB7C9429FB5C" box="[687,784,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–30" captionStartId="11.[264,382,1146,1170]" captionTargetBox="[297,1282,330,1113]" captionTargetId="figure-245@11.[293,1583,326,1140]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 15–30. Antenna of Ctenoplus species. 15, C. javanensis Cand.; 16, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 17, C. sanguinolentus (Cand.); 18, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 19, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 20, C. indicus n. sp.; 21, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 22, C. siamensis n. sp.; 23, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 24, C. castaneus (Fleut.); 25, C. coomani Fleut.; 26, C. divergens n. sp.; 27, C. alutaceus n. sp.; 28, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 29, C. cateianus n. sp.; 30, C. dorsalis n. sp. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064806/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
; segment 1 not carinate anteriorly; male antennomeres 4–11 with fine, moderately long, erect setae along anterior margin; antenna extending to or slightly posterad apex of pronotal hind angles in male, not reaching apex of pronotal hind angles by less than length of antennomere
|
||
<quantity id="402D87B0FFE9E940FC23FB0494D8FAE4" box="[934,993,1279,1305]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||
female. Left mandible with variably developed pit on lateral surface at level of anterior margin of dorsal expansion, cuticle of pit as in adjacent lateral surface; apex of terminal palpomeres slightly recurved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFE9E943FEBDFA8C9475FEA3" blockId="45.[264,1323,879,1905]" lastBlockId="46.[264,1323,284,1670]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Prothorax. Pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFE9E940FDC1FA8C95A7FA6C" box="[580,670,1399,1425]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–43" captionStartId="14.[264,382,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[369,1208,554,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-170@14.[359,1241,544,1699]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 31–43. Pronotal outline of Ctenoplus species, dorsal. 31, C. javanensis Cand.; 32, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 33, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 34, C. indicus n. sp.; 35, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 36, C. castaneus (Fleut.); 37, C. coomani Fleut.; 38, C. divergens n. sp., a: male, b: female; 39, C. alutaceus n. sp.; 40, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 41, C. gigas n. sp.; 42, C. cateianus n. sp.; 43, C. dorsalis n. sp. Abbreviation: bf, sublateral longitudinal incision. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064810/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
): carina of hind angles not obscuring lateral carina of pronotum in dorsal aspect; punctures subequal in size to head punctures, moderately deep, simple, separated from nearest neighbour by less than 1/2 own diameters in most specimens, but separated by about own diameter in
|
||
<specimenCount id="91D3E1DCFFE9E940FCF4FA149331F9F4" box="[881,1032,1519,1545]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
|
||
and variable in another. Hypomeron: carina of anterior concavity meeting lateral pronotal carina posterad anterior pronotal margin; mesal margin with linear row of 5–6 punctures; mesal margin adjacent to procoxa with short, wide, rounded projection; punctures as on pronotum anteriorly, grading into glabrous area in posterior 1/4; posterolateral angle varying from not projecting posterad posterior margin to projecting by up to 1/2 basal width. Prosternum: punctures as on hypomeron, but separated by about own diameters posteriorly; prosternal spine: elongate, length from procoxae to posterior concavity about twice width of spine immediately posterad procoxae; ventrolateral carinae remaining separate to ventral apex, continued anteriorly on prosternum just anterad margin of procoxal cavities; ventral surface narrowed posterad procoxa, thus ventral surface narrower than dorsal surface in ventral aspect; dorsal apex somewhat nipplelike.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEAE943FEBDFE97944FFD13" blockId="46.[264,1323,284,1670]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Mesothorax. Scutellum concave, about 2.5X as long as broad, anterior margin convex. Mesosternum not raised above level of mesocoxae posteriorly, only slightly raised above metasternum along posterior margin, posterior margin almost straight; margin between mesocoxae sloping anterodorsally, beaded declivous margin angled at
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFEAE943FB3BFE1F93D8FE00" box="[1214,1249,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
45°. Mesepisternum with pronounced diagonal carina in anterolateral groove; posterior 1/3 of mesepisternum glabrous with 0–2 punctures. Elytra elongate but not attenuated; apex broadly rounded to subtruncate, with very small tooth at apex of sutural interval; apices of elytra slightly dehiscent; striae variably but shallowly impressed, more pronounced basally and on sutural stria; punctures of intervals relatively large, up to 1/2 diameter of strial punctures; posterior margin of epipleura subtruncate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEAE943FEBDFD079529FC23" blockId="46.[264,1323,284,1670]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Metathorax. Metasternum without lateral marginal ridge and submarginal groove except at anterolateral angle; carina posterad mesocoxae about 3–5X as long as basal width; punctures grading from almost contiguous, subequal in size to median hypomeral punctures laterally to about 1/2 that size, slightly more widely spaced along midline. Metepimeron subtruncate posteriorly; punctures closely spaced, about 1/3 size of lateral metasternal punctures.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEAE943FEBDFC17954EFB83" blockId="46.[264,1323,284,1670]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Legs. Profemur with black microspines on anterior margin of groove, cuticle microrugose; protibia with cuticle as in profemur; tarsomere 4 with well developed ventral lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFEAE943FEC9FBC796ADFBAB" box="[332,404,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[331,1269,554,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-221@7.[322,1281,554,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. 1–4, head capsule, lateral. 5–6, tarsal claw. 7–8, tarsus. 9, venter of prothorax. Fig. 10: venter of mesothorax, lateral. 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, Ctenoplus balli n. sp.; 2, Silesis hilaris Cand.; 3, Synaptus filiformis (L.); 4, Glyphonyx sp.; 6, 8, Ctenoplus rufoantennatus n. sp. Abbreviations: a, antennal socket; ag, anterior groove of mesepisternum; as, anterior articulating surface of mesosternum; bm, beaded margin of mesosternal cavity; c, mesocoxa; d, lateral depression of mesosternum; da, dorsal apex of prosternal spine; dp, dorsal periocular pit; g, gena; hc, anteromesal concavity of hypomeron; l, ventral lobe of tarsomere 4; lb, lateral border of prosternum; lp, anterolateral projection of mesepimeron; mb, mesal border of hypomeron; mc, mandibular condyle; mm, mesepimeron; ms, mesepisternum; pr, projection of mesal border of hypomeron; sc, supraantennal carina; tp, anterior tentorial pit; va, ventral apex of prosternal spine; vp, ventral periocular pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064798/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), dorsal surface with Vshaped incision; claws robust, apical tine
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFEAE943FB21FBC793FEFBA8" box="[1188,1223,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
1.5X as long as subapical tines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFEAE943FDA5FB9F9551FB83" box="[544,616,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–10" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1523,1547]" captionTargetBox="[331,1269,554,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-221@7.[322,1281,554,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1–10. 1–4, head capsule, lateral. 5–6, tarsal claw. 7–8, tarsus. 9, venter of prothorax. Fig. 10: venter of mesothorax, lateral. 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, Ctenoplus balli n. sp.; 2, Silesis hilaris Cand.; 3, Synaptus filiformis (L.); 4, Glyphonyx sp.; 6, 8, Ctenoplus rufoantennatus n. sp. Abbreviations: a, antennal socket; ag, anterior groove of mesepisternum; as, anterior articulating surface of mesosternum; bm, beaded margin of mesosternal cavity; c, mesocoxa; d, lateral depression of mesosternum; da, dorsal apex of prosternal spine; dp, dorsal periocular pit; g, gena; hc, anteromesal concavity of hypomeron; l, ventral lobe of tarsomere 4; lb, lateral border of prosternum; lp, anterolateral projection of mesepimeron; mb, mesal border of hypomeron; mc, mandibular condyle; mm, mesepimeron; ms, mesepisternum; pr, projection of mesal border of hypomeron; sc, supraantennal carina; tp, anterior tentorial pit; va, ventral apex of prosternal spine; vp, ventral periocular pit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064798/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEAE943FEBDFB7793DFF97B" blockId="46.[264,1323,284,1670]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Abdomen. Terga heavily sclerotized, spiracles enclosed on terga 2–6, spiracle on segment 2 2X size of those on segments 3–6. Punctures of ventrites 1–4 as on metasternum. Ventrite 5 with basal width greater than median length; apex broadly rounded to bluntly pointed at midline; dorsal submarginal carina very broadly Vshaped; punctures almost contiguous throughout. Male genitalia,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFEAE943FC27FAD794CEFABB" box="[930,1015,1324,1350]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–85" captionStartId="22.[264,382,1424,1448]" captionTargetBox="[293,1279,326,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-207@22.[264,1323,326,1438]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 66–85. Male genitalia of Ctenoplus species, dorsal aspect unless otherwise specified. 66, C. javanensis Cand.; 67, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 68, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 69, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 70, C. indicus n. sp.; 71, C. collaris Cand., a, dorsal, b, ventral; 72, C. pseudocollaris n. sp.; 73, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 74, C. siamensis n. sp.; 75, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 76, C. castaneus (Fleut.), a, dorsal, b, lateral; 77, C. coomani Fleut.; 78, C. divergens n. sp.; 79, C. alutaceus n. sp., a, dorsal, b, lateral; 80, C. semialutaceus n. sp.; 81, C. balli n. sp.; 82, C. girardianus n. sp.; 83, C. gigas n. sp.; 84, C. cateianus n. sp.; 85, C. deceptus n. sp. Abbreviations: st, median struts; pa, parameres; ph, phallobase. Scale bar = 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064822/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
|
||
; parameres at anterior end separated ventrally by about maximum width of median lobe. Female genitalia,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFEAE943FB48FAAF921FFA93" box="[1229,1318,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 89–97" captionStartId="28.[264,382,1499,1523]" captionTargetBox="[300,1286,365,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-96@28.[264,1323,330,1493]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 89–97. Female genitalia of Ctenoplus species. 89, C. sumatrensis n. sp.; 90, C. sanguinolentus Cand.; 91, C. sanguinolentoides n. sp.; 92, C. nitidipennis Schwarz; 93, C. indicus n. sp.; 94, C. collaris (Cand.); 95, C. neosiamensis n. sp.; 96, C. rufoantennatus n. sp.; 97, C. castaneus (Fleut.). Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064826/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
|
||
; spermatophore present in bursa and almost all of tubular extension in specimen illustrated; bursal plates attenuated posteriorly; band of free spines on bursa incomplete ventrally; bursa with patch of unspined cuticle anterad base of tubular extension; length of band of bursal spines almost 1/2 length of bursa, posterior margin of band of spines linear; tubular extension: long, irregularly coiled basally; with single band of spines, spines grading from subequal in size and length to bursal spines basally to short, stout, thornlike spines with large bases distally; saclike spermatheca at base; spermathecal gland with reservoir.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEAE943FE8DF947955CF928" blockId="46.[264,1322,1724,1870]" box="[264,613,1724,1749]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFEAE943FE8DF947955CF928" box="[264,613,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Material examined and range</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEAE943FEBDF91F9213F8B3" blockId="46.[264,1322,1724,1870]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="37BD2008FFEAE943FEBDF91F9213F8B3" collectingDate="1976-02-19" collectingDateMax="1985-04-29" collectingDateMin="1976-02-19" collectionCode="BMNH, UASM, ROME, CPG, ERFC" collectorName="W. Bokakhat" country="India" elevation="916" location="Bangalore" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="9" stateProvince="Karnataka" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="91D3E1DCFFEAE943FEBDF91F9663F90A" box="[312,346,1763,1790]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="91D3E1DCFFEAE943FEE2F91F96BEF903" box="[359,391,1764,1790]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">4f.</specimenCount>
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFEAE943FE0BF91F96D7F903" bold="true" box="[398,494,1764,1790]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FFC26AC5FFEAE943FE0BF91F96D0F903" box="[398,489,1764,1790]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="586E94F7FFEAE943FE70F91F955BF903" box="[501,610,1764,1790]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male: “INDIA.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4511E4B7FFEAE943FC9BF91F94A0F903" box="[798,921,1764,1790]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="820A7C8EFFEAE943FC21F91F9326F903" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7C9B43FFE9E942FE8DFE1F945EFD63:820A7C8EFFEAE943FC21F91F9326F903" box="[932,1055,1764,1790]" country="India" name="Bangalore" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Karnataka">Bangalore</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="402D87B0FFEAE943FBAEF91F9349F903" box="[1067,1136,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.16" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="916.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0CF8CD66FFEAE943FBAEF91F9349F903" box="[1067,1136,1764,1790]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.16" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="916.0">916m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F36B0C95FFEAE943FBF9F91F93CDF903" box="[1148,1268,1764,1790]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1976-02-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E32FF57DFFEAE943FBF9F91F93CDF903" box="[1148,1268,1764,1790]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1976-02-19">19.ii.1976</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, KD Ghorpade A280” [
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4B290FFEAE943FE62F8F79571F8DB" box="[487,584,1804,1830]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
<specimenCount id="91D3E1DCFFEAE943FDDBF8F795B8F8E2" box="[606,641,1803,1830]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="91D3E1DCFFEAE943FD16F8F7958FF8E2" box="[659,694,1803,1830]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="586E94F7FFEAE943FD44F8F7940DF8DB" box="[705,820,1804,1830]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, same data as holotype [
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4B290FFEAE943FBE1F8F79386F8DB" box="[1124,1215,1804,1830]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" name="University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">UASM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4B290FFEAE943FB4AF8F7921EF8DB" box="[1231,1319,1804,1830]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2yxb-9en0" name="Royal Ontario Museum - Entomology" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="Museum">ROME</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4B290FFEAE943FE8DF8CF9678F8B3" box="[264,321,1844,1870]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">CPG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4B290FFEAE943FED5F8CF9699F8B3" box="[336,416,1844,1870]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ERFC</collectionCode>
|
||
];
|
||
<specimenCount id="91D3E1DCFFEAE943FE33F8CF96E0F8BA" box="[438,473,1843,1870]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="586E94F7FFEAE943FE61F8CF9560F8B3" box="[484,601,1844,1870]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: “INDIA.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4511E4B7FFEAE943FD5FF8CF947DF8B3" box="[730,836,1844,1870]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ASSAM</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="402D87B0FFEAE943FCD7F8CF94ACF8B3" box="[850,917,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="2A204F83FFEAE943FC21F8CF937AF8B3" box="[932,1091,1844,1870]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">W. Bokakhat</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="402D87B0FFEAE943FBD7F8CF93A1F8B3" box="[1106,1176,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0CF8CD66FFEAE943FBD7F8CF93A1F8B3" box="[1106,1176,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F36B0C95FFEAE943FB22F8CF921CF8B3" box="[1191,1317,1844,1870]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1985-04-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E32FF57DFFEAE943FB22F8CF921CF8B3" box="[1191,1317,1844,1870]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="1985-04-29">29.iv.1985</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEBE942FE8DFEE796F1FEA3" blockId="47.[264,1321,284,350]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
K.Ghorpade”[ERFC].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D551D6FFEBE942FD93FEE795D7FEC8" authorityName="Fuller & Platia" authorityYear="2006" box="[534,750,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Ctenoplus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufoantennatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFEBE942FD93FEE795D7FEC8" box="[534,750,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C. rufoantennatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from southwestern and northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FFC26AC5FFEBE942FE8DFEBF967DFEA3" box="[264,324,324,350]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE36D0FFEBE942FED1FEBF9682FEA3" box="[340,443,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 109" captionStartId="39.[264,367,1057,1081]" captionTargetBox="[358,1224,318,1023]" captionTargetId="figure-237@39.[358,1224,318,1037]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 109. Distribution of Ctenoplus species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5064834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5064834/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 109</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEBE942FE8DFE6F96BCFE50" blockId="47.[264,1322,404,510]" box="[264,389,404,429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFEBE942FE8DFE6F96BCFE50" box="[264,389,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEBE942FEBDFE479641FE03" blockId="47.[264,1322,404,510]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">The species epithet is derived from ‘rufo’ + ‘antennatus’, denoting the reddish antennae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEBE942FE8DFDCF9682FDB0" blockId="47.[264,1323,564,670]" box="[264,443,564,589]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1F647FFEBE942FE8DFDCF9682FDB0" box="[264,443,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A2A55FFEBE942FEBDFDA7945EFD63" blockId="47.[264,1323,564,670]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Specimens were collected on 19 February in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FFC26AC5FFEBE942FC47FDA794C7FD8B" box="[962,1022,604,630]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and 29 April in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FFC26AC5FFEBE942FE8DFD7F967EFD63" box="[264,327,644,670]" name="India" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="402D87B0FFEBE942FD88FD7F9569FD63" box="[525,592,644,670]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.16" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="916.0">916m</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="402D87B0FFEBE942FD0CFD7F95F5FD63" box="[649,716,644,670]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</quantity>
|
||
respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |