treatments-xml/data/03/D3/87/03D3879AFFFFFFC5FF74F91A93A7FC3D.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a423505a-45cb-4664-8024-194e0cc2a551" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7860010" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1682330573674" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bonatto, Leonardo D. &amp; Mielke, Carlos G. C." docDate="2023" docId="03D3879AFFFFFFC5FF74F91A93A7FC3D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5271.1.13.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5271 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.13" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Catacantha oculata" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="192" masterDocId="FFEAFFE2FFFFFFC4FFE3FF979034FF80" masterDocTitle="Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke &amp; Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae)." masterLastPageNumber="195" masterPageNumber="191" pageNumber="191" updateTime="1682360062883" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Descriptionsof thefemalesof Catacanthaoculata (Schaus) andDirphia riograndensis C. Mielke &amp; Moser and a taxonomic note about Eacles guinlei Oiticica Filho (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae, Ceratocampinae, Hemileucinae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Bonatto, Leonardo D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGMAT), Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caixa Postal 1352, 95.020 - 972, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil. leodbonatto @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2524 - 9913</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Mielke, Carlos G. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-0091-0840</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Caixa postal 1206, 84.145 - 000 Carambeí, Paraná, Brazil. Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera &amp; Biodiversity, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. cmielke 1 @ uol. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0091 - 0840</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<paragraph blockId="0.[151,1437,1677,2028]" box="[151,576,1677,1704]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="69F59" ID-ENA="1216664" authority="(Schaus, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[151,576,1677,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,576,1677,1704]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,389,1677,1704]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Catacantha oculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Schaus, W." box="[404,568,1678,1704]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" pagination="161 - 179" refId="ref4199" refString="Schaus, W. (1921) New species of Heterocera from South America. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 9 (10 - 12), 161 - 179." type="journal article" year="1921">Schaus, 1921</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,458,1716,1740]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="0.[151,1437,1677,2028]" box="[151,458,1716,1740]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">
<figureCitation box="[151,349,1716,1740]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Adults. Catacantha oculata: 1. Female (CGCM 35.268, CGCM): dorsal view (4a), ventral view (4b); 2. Male (CGCM 35.563, CGCM): dorsal view (5a), ventral view (5b); 3. Male (CGCM 40.306, CGCM): dorsal view. Catacantha ferruginea: 4. Female (CGCM 25.112, CGCM): dorsal view (7a), ventral view (7b); 5. Male (CGCM 28.865, CGCM): dorsal view (8a), ventral view (8b); 6. Male (CGCM 29.553, CGCM): dorsal view. Dirphia riograndensis: 7. Female (DZUP): dorsal view (11a), ventral view (11b); 8. Male (PT; CGCM 12.062, CGCM): dorsal view. Eacles guinlei: 9. Neotype male (DZUP): dorsal view (1a), ventral view (1b); 10. Male (CGCM 43.497, CGCM): dorsal view; 11. Female (CGCM 43.324, CGCM): dorsal view (2a), ventral view (2b). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860012/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Figs 1a–b, 2a–b, 3</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation box="[362,389,1716,1740]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1740]" captionTargetId="figure-346@3.[151,1437,776,1740]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution of examined specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860014/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">12</figureCitation>
(map)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="0.[151,1437,1677,2028]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,268,1751,1775]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[274,329,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[343,476,1752,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Adults. Catacantha oculata: 1. Female (CGCM 35.268, CGCM): dorsal view (4a), ventral view (4b); 2. Male (CGCM 35.563, CGCM): dorsal view (5a), ventral view (5b); 3. Male (CGCM 40.306, CGCM): dorsal view. Catacantha ferruginea: 4. Female (CGCM 25.112, CGCM): dorsal view (7a), ventral view (7b); 5. Male (CGCM 28.865, CGCM): dorsal view (8a), ventral view (8b); 6. Male (CGCM 29.553, CGCM): dorsal view. Dirphia riograndensis: 7. Female (DZUP): dorsal view (11a), ventral view (11b); 8. Male (PT; CGCM 12.062, CGCM): dorsal view. Eacles guinlei: 9. Neotype male (DZUP): dorsal view (1a), ventral view (1b); 10. Male (CGCM 43.497, CGCM): dorsal view; 11. Female (CGCM 43.324, CGCM): dorsal view (2a), ventral view (2b). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860012/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Figs 2a–b, 3</figureCitation>
), see also 
<bibRefCitation author="Lemaire, C. &amp; F. Beneluz &amp; N. Tangerini" box="[587,801,1752,1776]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref3568" refString="Lemaire, C. [with contributions by F. Beneluz &amp; N. Tangerini] (2002) The Saturniidae of America. Les Saturniidae Americains (= Attacidae), 4, Hemileucinae. Part A, B &amp; C. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern, pp. [1] - 688, pp. [689] - 1388 &amp; pp. 1 - 143, col. pls. 1 - 126, ES 1 - ES 14, pp. 1 - 143. without pagination." type="journal article" year="2002">Lemaire (2002: 156</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. 13, 
<figureCitation box="[888,980,1752,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Adults. Catacantha oculata: 1. Female (CGCM 35.268, CGCM): dorsal view (4a), ventral view (4b); 2. Male (CGCM 35.563, CGCM): dorsal view (5a), ventral view (5b); 3. Male (CGCM 40.306, CGCM): dorsal view. Catacantha ferruginea: 4. Female (CGCM 25.112, CGCM): dorsal view (7a), ventral view (7b); 5. Male (CGCM 28.865, CGCM): dorsal view (8a), ventral view (8b); 6. Male (CGCM 29.553, CGCM): dorsal view. Dirphia riograndensis: 7. Female (DZUP): dorsal view (11a), ventral view (11b); 8. Male (PT; CGCM 12.062, CGCM): dorsal view. Eacles guinlei: 9. Neotype male (DZUP): dorsal view (1a), ventral view (1b); 10. Male (CGCM 43.497, CGCM): dorsal view; 11. Female (CGCM 43.324, CGCM): dorsal view (2a), ventral view (2b). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860012/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
(♁)): as stated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Lemaire, C. &amp; F. Beneluz &amp; N. Tangerini" box="[1178,1347,1752,1776]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref3568" refString="Lemaire, C. [with contributions by F. Beneluz &amp; N. Tangerini] (2002) The Saturniidae of America. Les Saturniidae Americains (= Attacidae), 4, Hemileucinae. Part A, B &amp; C. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern, pp. [1] - 688, pp. [689] - 1388 &amp; pp. 1 - 143, col. pls. 1 - 126, ES 1 - ES 14, pp. 1 - 143. without pagination." type="journal article" year="2002">Lemaire (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">C. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by the most similar species, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Draudt, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Draudt" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[720,1029,1788,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis box="[720,863,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">C. ferruginea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Draudt, M." box="[876,1021,1788,1812]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" pagination="1913 - 1940" refId="ref3382" refString="Draudt, M. (1929 - 1930) 12. Familie: Saturnidae [sic]. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), (1913 - 1940) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Eine systematishe Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge. Band 6, Die Amerikanischen Spinner und Schwarmer. A. Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 713 - 827 + 45, pls. 101 - 137 + 142 + 111 A + 111 B + 117 A + 117 B + 117 C + 117 D + 130 A." type="journal article" year="1929">Draudt, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, by the dorsal yellow groundcolour on both fore- and hindwings and attributes in the genitalia. The basal portion of the HW is slightly darker in fresh specimens. Males of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Draudt" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[253,397,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis box="[253,397,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">C. ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bear a light brown to brown ground colour on the FW and reddish-brown to yellowish-brown on the HW (
<figureCitation box="[252,364,1896,1920]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Adults. Catacantha oculata: 1. Female (CGCM 35.268, CGCM): dorsal view (4a), ventral view (4b); 2. Male (CGCM 35.563, CGCM): dorsal view (5a), ventral view (5b); 3. Male (CGCM 40.306, CGCM): dorsal view. Catacantha ferruginea: 4. Female (CGCM 25.112, CGCM): dorsal view (7a), ventral view (7b); 5. Male (CGCM 28.865, CGCM): dorsal view (8a), ventral view (8b); 6. Male (CGCM 29.553, CGCM): dorsal view. Dirphia riograndensis: 7. Female (DZUP): dorsal view (11a), ventral view (11b); 8. Male (PT; CGCM 12.062, CGCM): dorsal view. Eacles guinlei: 9. Neotype male (DZUP): dorsal view (1a), ventral view (1b); 10. Male (CGCM 43.497, CGCM): dorsal view; 11. Female (CGCM 43.324, CGCM): dorsal view (2a), ventral view (2b). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860012/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Figs 5a, 6</figureCitation>
). Ventrally both species are similar (
<figureCitation box="[762,889,1896,1920]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Adults. Catacantha oculata: 1. Female (CGCM 35.268, CGCM): dorsal view (4a), ventral view (4b); 2. Male (CGCM 35.563, CGCM): dorsal view (5a), ventral view (5b); 3. Male (CGCM 40.306, CGCM): dorsal view. Catacantha ferruginea: 4. Female (CGCM 25.112, CGCM): dorsal view (7a), ventral view (7b); 5. Male (CGCM 28.865, CGCM): dorsal view (8a), ventral view (8b); 6. Male (CGCM 29.553, CGCM): dorsal view. Dirphia riograndensis: 7. Female (DZUP): dorsal view (11a), ventral view (11b); 8. Male (PT; CGCM 12.062, CGCM): dorsal view. Eacles guinlei: 9. Neotype male (DZUP): dorsal view (1a), ventral view (1b); 10. Male (CGCM 43.497, CGCM): dorsal view; 11. Female (CGCM 43.324, CGCM): dorsal view (2a), ventral view (2b). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860012/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Figs 2b, 5b</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[910,990,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[1006,1118,1896,1920]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Adults. Catacantha oculata: 1. Female (CGCM 35.268, CGCM): dorsal view (4a), ventral view (4b); 2. Male (CGCM 35.563, CGCM): dorsal view (5a), ventral view (5b); 3. Male (CGCM 40.306, CGCM): dorsal view. Catacantha ferruginea: 4. Female (CGCM 25.112, CGCM): dorsal view (7a), ventral view (7b); 5. Male (CGCM 28.865, CGCM): dorsal view (8a), ventral view (8b); 6. Male (CGCM 29.553, CGCM): dorsal view. Dirphia riograndensis: 7. Female (DZUP): dorsal view (11a), ventral view (11b); 8. Male (PT; CGCM 12.062, CGCM): dorsal view. Eacles guinlei: 9. Neotype male (DZUP): dorsal view (1a), ventral view (1b); 10. Male (CGCM 43.497, CGCM): dorsal view; 11. Female (CGCM 43.324, CGCM): dorsal view (2a), ventral view (2b). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860012/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Figs 1a–b</figureCitation>
): wingspan 
<quantity box="[1249,1327,1896,1920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
, forewing length 
<quantity box="[224,302,1932,1956]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
. The unique known female of 
<taxonomicName box="[625,736,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis box="[625,736,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">C. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears a yellowish-brown groundcolour of the FW and its postmedian area is monotonous, while in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Draudt" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[515,659,1968,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis box="[515,659,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">C. ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the groundcolour of the FW is reddish-brown and the distal portion of its postmedian area is of light greyish-brown (
<figureCitation box="[609,690,2004,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Adults. Catacantha oculata: 1. Female (CGCM 35.268, CGCM): dorsal view (4a), ventral view (4b); 2. Male (CGCM 35.563, CGCM): dorsal view (5a), ventral view (5b); 3. Male (CGCM 40.306, CGCM): dorsal view. Catacantha ferruginea: 4. Female (CGCM 25.112, CGCM): dorsal view (7a), ventral view (7b); 5. Male (CGCM 28.865, CGCM): dorsal view (8a), ventral view (8b); 6. Male (CGCM 29.553, CGCM): dorsal view. Dirphia riograndensis: 7. Female (DZUP): dorsal view (11a), ventral view (11b); 8. Male (PT; CGCM 12.062, CGCM): dorsal view. Eacles guinlei: 9. Neotype male (DZUP): dorsal view (1a), ventral view (1b); 10. Male (CGCM 43.497, CGCM): dorsal view; 11. Female (CGCM 43.324, CGCM): dorsal view (2a), ventral view (2b). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860012/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Figs 4a</figureCitation>
). Ventrally, 
<taxonomicName box="[818,929,2004,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis box="[818,929,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">C. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[943,1018,2004,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Adults. Catacantha oculata: 1. Female (CGCM 35.268, CGCM): dorsal view (4a), ventral view (4b); 2. Male (CGCM 35.563, CGCM): dorsal view (5a), ventral view (5b); 3. Male (CGCM 40.306, CGCM): dorsal view. Catacantha ferruginea: 4. Female (CGCM 25.112, CGCM): dorsal view (7a), ventral view (7b); 5. Male (CGCM 28.865, CGCM): dorsal view (8a), ventral view (8b); 6. Male (CGCM 29.553, CGCM): dorsal view. Dirphia riograndensis: 7. Female (DZUP): dorsal view (11a), ventral view (11b); 8. Male (PT; CGCM 12.062, CGCM): dorsal view. Eacles guinlei: 9. Neotype male (DZUP): dorsal view (1a), ventral view (1b); 10. Male (CGCM 43.497, CGCM): dorsal view; 11. Female (CGCM 43.324, CGCM): dorsal view (2a), ventral view (2b). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860012/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
) is lighter than 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Draudt" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1187,1331,2004,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis box="[1187,1331,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">C. ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[1344,1424,2004,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–11" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[231,1356,180,1776]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–11. Adults. Catacantha oculata: 1. Female (CGCM 35.268, CGCM): dorsal view (4a), ventral view (4b); 2. Male (CGCM 35.563, CGCM): dorsal view (5a), ventral view (5b); 3. Male (CGCM 40.306, CGCM): dorsal view. Catacantha ferruginea: 4. Female (CGCM 25.112, CGCM): dorsal view (7a), ventral view (7b); 5. Male (CGCM 28.865, CGCM): dorsal view (8a), ventral view (8b); 6. Male (CGCM 29.553, CGCM): dorsal view. Dirphia riograndensis: 7. Female (DZUP): dorsal view (11a), ventral view (11b); 8. Male (PT; CGCM 12.062, CGCM): dorsal view. Eacles guinlei: 9. Neotype male (DZUP): dorsal view (1a), ventral view (1b); 10. Male (CGCM 43.497, CGCM): dorsal view; 11. Female (CGCM 43.324, CGCM): dorsal view (2a), ventral view (2b). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860012/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,150,957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis box="[199,661,150,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,421,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Examined material</emphasis>
(in total 40 ♁, 
<specimenCount box="[602,644,152,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
).
</emphasis>
All 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[713,783,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<collectingCountry box="[713,783,151,175]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[800,957,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<collectingRegion box="[800,957,151,175]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[973,1068,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Itamonte</emphasis>
, Campo Redondo, 
<quantity box="[1285,1373,152,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
: 1 ♁, 
<date box="[151,281,187,211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="2021-01-08" valueMax="2021-01-11" valueMin="2021-01-08">8–11.I.2021</date>
, A. Rosa leg. (DZUP). 
<emphasis box="[525,675,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Marmelópolis</emphasis>
, Marins, 
<quantity box="[775,859,187,211]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.519" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="1519.0">1519 m</quantity>
: 9 ♁, 
<date box="[919,1052,187,211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1987-12-28">28.XII.1987</date>
, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 35.785, 38.531, 38.993, 39.002, 39.050, 39.109, 39.190, 39.385, 39.520; CGCM). 
<emphasis box="[1021,1187,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Delfim Moreira</emphasis>
, Barreira, 
<quantity box="[1298,1382,223,247]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
: 1 ♁, 
<date box="[151,256,258,282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1988-01-12">12.I.1988</date>
, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 35.563; CGCM). 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[709,874,258,282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<collectingRegion box="[709,874,258,282]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[888,1057,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Macaé de Cima</emphasis>
: 1 ♁, 
<date box="[1125,1216,258,282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="2003-11">XI.2003</date>
, Grossi leg. (CGCM 8.951; CGCM). 
<emphasis box="[325,485,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Nova Friburgo</emphasis>
, Mury, 
<quantity box="[568,651,294,318]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
: 1 ♁, 
<date box="[713,818,294,318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1990-01-22">22.I.1990</date>
, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 44.583; CGCM). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ule" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Ule" box="[1257,1336,294,317]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Itatiaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1257,1336,294,317]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Itatiaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<quantity box="[1348,1433,294,318]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
: 1 ♁, 
<date box="[206,321,329,353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1950-10-10">10.X.1950</date>
, Travassos, Albuquerque &amp; Pearson leg. (BC-MNHM0310; MNHN). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ule" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Ule" box="[1074,1153,330,353]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Itatiaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1074,1153,330,353]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Itatiaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 4 ♁ (CEIOC (
<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, A. V. &amp; Silva, M. A. &amp; Mielke, C. G. C. &amp; Cerri, D. &amp; Felix, M. &amp; Costa, J." pageId="1" pageNumber="192" pagination="136 - 147" refId="ref4019" refString="Miranda, A. V., Silva, M. A. S, Mielke, C. G. C., Cerri, D., Felix, M. &amp; Costa, J. (2015) The Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with geographic and taxonomic notes. Nachrichten des entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Neue Folge, Neue Folge, 36 (2 / 3), 136 - 147." type="journal article" year="2015">
Miranda 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
)). 
<taxonomicName authority="Paulo." authorityName="Paulo." box="[268,388,364,388]" class="Trilobita" family="Ptychopariidae" genus="Sao" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ptychopariida" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[268,381,364,388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">São Paulo</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[394,617,364,388]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName authority="Jose" authorityName="Jose" box="[394,487,365,388]" class="Trilobita" family="Ptychopariidae" genus="Sao" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ptychopariida" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">São José</taxonomicName>
do Barreiro
</emphasis>
, Bocaina, 
<quantity box="[730,814,364,388]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
: 1 ♁, 
<date box="[876,993,364,388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1996-01-02" valueMax="1996-01-06" valueMin="1996-01-02">2–6.I.1996</date>
, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 31.419; CGCM); 5 ♁, 
<date box="[203,343,400,424]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1996-02-07" valueMax="1996-02-10" valueMin="1996-02-07">7–10.II.1996</date>
, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 31.441, 31.554, 31.596, 31.701, 31.843; CGCM). 
<emphasis box="[1132,1213,401,424]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Piquete</emphasis>
, Barreira de Piquete, 
<quantity box="[151,235,435,459]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.464" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="1464.0">1464 m</quantity>
: 7 ♁, 
<date box="[296,428,435,459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1999-12-26">26.XII.1999</date>
, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 10.666, 38.403, 39.039, 39.144, 39.149, 39.822, 39.995; CGCM); 4 ♁, 
<specimenCount box="[151,192,471,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<date box="[206,310,471,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1998-01-12">12.I.1998</date>
, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 
<geoCoordinate box="[577,653,471,495]" degrees="35.218" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" precision="55" value="35.218">35.218</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[665,738,471,495]" degrees="35.268" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" precision="55" value="35.268">35.268</geoCoordinate>
(
<specimenCount box="[756,774,471,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), 35.433, 35.516, 35.656; CGCM). 
<emphasis box="[1161,1364,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Campos do Jordão</emphasis>
, Lavrinhas, 
<quantity box="[220,304,506,530]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
: 1 ♁, 
<date box="[364,479,506,530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1990-10-31">31.X.1990</date>
, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 42.094; CGCM). Salesópolis, Boraceia, 
<quantity box="[1156,1227,506,530]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
: 1 ♁, 
<date box="[1287,1432,506,530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1948-01-12" valueMax="1948-01-17" valueMin="1948-01-12">12–17.I.1948</date>
, L. Travassos &amp; D. Braz leg. (MZSP 23869; MZSP) (Albertoni 
<emphasis box="[834,882,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">et al</emphasis>
. 2018). 
<taxonomicName authority="Paulo" authorityName="Paulo" box="[973,1085,542,566]" class="Trilobita" family="Ptychopariidae" genus="Sao" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ptychopariida" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[973,1085,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">São Paulo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 ♁, 
<date box="[1155,1237,541,565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="1957-10">X.1957</date>
, Diringshofen leg. (MZSP 23868; MZSP). 
<emphasis box="[408,540,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Santo André</emphasis>
, Paranapiacaba, 
<quantity box="[721,805,577,601]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
: 2 ♁, 
<date box="[868,1001,577,601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" value="2021-12-26">26.XII.2021</date>
, R. Koike leg. (DZUP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="192" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,150,957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,310,613,637]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lemaire, C. &amp; F. Beneluz &amp; N. Tangerini" box="[316,483,613,637]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref3568" refString="Lemaire, C. [with contributions by F. Beneluz &amp; N. Tangerini] (2002) The Saturniidae of America. Les Saturniidae Americains (= Attacidae), 4, Hemileucinae. Part A, B &amp; C. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern, pp. [1] - 688, pp. [689] - 1388 &amp; pp. 1 - 143, col. pls. 1 - 126, ES 1 - ES 14, pp. 1 - 143. without pagination." type="journal article" year="2002">Lemaire (2002)</bibRefCitation>
described the female of 
<taxonomicName box="[746,958,613,637]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis box="[746,958,613,637]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Catacantha oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the first time, but he did not figure it. He seemed to be correct about the figure (a drawing) of the female of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Draudt" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[871,1016,648,672]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis box="[871,1016,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">C. ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
identified as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1815" box="[1163,1349,648,672]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Ancistrota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagia">
<emphasis box="[1163,1349,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Ancistrota plagia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ḩbner by 
<bibRefCitation author="Draudt, M." box="[185,340,683,708]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" pagination="1913 - 1940" refId="ref3382" refString="Draudt, M. (1929 - 1930) 12. Familie: Saturnidae [sic]. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), (1913 - 1940) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Eine systematishe Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge. Band 6, Die Amerikanischen Spinner und Schwarmer. A. Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 713 - 827 + 45, pls. 101 - 137 + 142 + 111 A + 111 B + 117 A + 117 B + 117 C + 117 D + 130 A." type="journal article" year="1929">Draudt (1929)</bibRefCitation>
. Unfortunately, 
<bibRefCitation author="Lemaire, C. &amp; F. Beneluz &amp; N. Tangerini" box="[511,677,683,708]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref3568" refString="Lemaire, C. [with contributions by F. Beneluz &amp; N. Tangerini] (2002) The Saturniidae of America. Les Saturniidae Americains (= Attacidae), 4, Hemileucinae. Part A, B &amp; C. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern, pp. [1] - 688, pp. [689] - 1388 &amp; pp. 1 - 143, col. pls. 1 - 126, ES 1 - ES 14, pp. 1 - 143. without pagination." type="journal article" year="2002">Lemaire (2002)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention the depository of the putative female of 
<taxonomicName box="[1288,1399,683,707]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis box="[1288,1399,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">C. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so we could not trace it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,150,957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName box="[199,409,754,778]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis box="[199,409,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Catacantha oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a common species, especially at higher altitudes, throughout the Mantiqueira Mountains to the south around 
<taxonomicName authority="Paulo" authorityName="Paulo" box="[296,403,790,814]" class="Trilobita" family="Ptychopariidae" genus="Sao" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ptychopariida" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">São Paulo</taxonomicName>
city, during the early summer at altitudes ranging from 
<quantity box="[997,1155,790,814]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="1300.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="800.0">800 to 1800 m</quantity>
. The forewing ornamentation in males varies, especially in the size of the stigma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,150,957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">
One record of 
<taxonomicName box="[352,463,861,885]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculata">
<emphasis box="[352,463,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">C. oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry box="[525,631,861,885]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Borquez, J. A. &amp; Penco, F. C." box="[644,895,861,885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" pagination="101 - 110" refId="ref3255" refString="Borquez, J. A. &amp; Penco, F. C. (2012) Nuevos registros de Saturniidae de la Republica Argentina (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Historia Natural, Series 3, 2 (2), 101 - 110." type="journal article" year="2012">Borquez &amp; Penco 2012</bibRefCitation>
) and one from 
<collectingRegion box="[1056,1255,861,885]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1266,1331,861,885]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Corseuil, E. &amp; Specht, A. &amp; Lang, C." pageId="1" pageNumber="192" pagination="147 - 155" refId="ref3334" refString="Corseuil, E., Specht, A. &amp; Lang, C. (2002) Saturniideos (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) registrados para o Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. I. Hemileucinae. Biociencias, 10 (2), 147 - 155." type="journal article" year="2002">
Corseuil 
<emphasis box="[151,198,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
) are attributed to lighter specimens of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Draudt" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[674,817,897,921]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Catacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
<emphasis box="[674,692,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[704,817,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">ferruginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or an undescribed species. Another record from 
<collectingCountry box="[1330,1436,897,921]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">Argentina</collectingCountry>
mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation author="Zapata, A. I. &amp; Chalup, A. E. &amp; Beccacece, H. M. &amp; San Blas, D. G. &amp; Drewniak, M. E. &amp; Villafane, N. A." box="[304,514,933,957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="192" pagination="184 - 191" refId="ref4229" refString="Zapata, A. I., Chalup, A. E., Beccacece, H. M., San Blas, D. G., Drewniak, M. E. &amp; Villafane, N. A. (2016) Saturniidae, Sphingidae y Geometridae (Lepidoptera) de la Reserva de la Biosfera Yaboti (Argentina) y sus alrededores. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 42 (2), 184 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.25100 / socolen. v 42 i 2.6690" type="journal article" year="2016">
Zapata 
<emphasis box="[383,430,933,957]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="192">et al</emphasis>
. (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
could likely be misidentified as well.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>