treatments-xml/data/03/D3/87/03D38735A174FFD5F19A3D36FAB3C246.xml

<document id="51DBB35D9A228CA0D20B321BE5CDFE17" ID-CLB-Dataset="24229" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4729.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6e58b963-16c5-4143-bc52-b5e911af4f87" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3629072" ID-ZooBank="53D586E2-9516-47E8-B033-A7D207CFEFF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1580180310894" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shimbori, Eduardo M., Wengrat, Ana P. G. S., Savaris, Marcoandre, Galvão, William B., Nanini, Frederico, Garcia, Sarah S. P. &amp; Corrêa, Alberto S." docDate="2020" docId="03D38735A174FFD5F19A3D36FAB3C246" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4729.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4729 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa 2020, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="CEBBC48D-5DF2-454A-89DB-48C876AF70B5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="FFEAFF4DA172FFDCF10D3C1FFFD0C151" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Nealiolus Mason (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae) reared from pest weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="116" pageNumber="122" updateTime="1698779544884" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="592BD4050CDC00C8714493E17AD062F9">Two new species of Nealiolus Mason (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Brachistinae) reared from pest weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D027D546CEBFE161003B6A0B1567416A">Shimbori, Eduardo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AFD9F16597150B8DEA522EBC46B6CFC1">Wengrat, Ana P. G. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0D278F4AC975C16FEBE6230CB733D22A">Savaris, Marcoandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="783F17F56CCA728A0A6C86687F7298FC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C60C1C0D9234D7034B47B20AB5BEC8E9">Galvão, William B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0735516934DA451E908F6F5E1263574B">Nanini, Frederico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="27D2D4D27A801AC274E82CC5F04047F9">Garcia, Sarah S. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="479C3D5334C8A2770580BE45766EC9D7">Corrêa, Alberto S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9B1AA9988CEB605C4B8AF8459926FE5D">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="72D9B8DE5C16C0770D948D047A991F5E">2020-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CA1A028FFE59AC5ECA34D3182F5F2DAE">4729</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C36065A8A174FFDAF19A3D36FD3AC012" box="[151,746,297,324]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC53623A174FFDAF19A3D36FD3AC012" blockId="6.[151,746,297,359]" box="[151,746,297,324]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<heading id="D08D814FA174FFDAF19A3D36FD3AC012" bold="true" box="[151,746,297,324]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF19A3D36FD3AC012" bold="true" box="[151,746,297,324]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A174FFDAF19A3D36FD70C012" authority="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,672,297,324]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF19A3D36FE5FC015" bold="true" box="[151,399,297,324]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Nealiolus jaboticaba</emphasis>
Shimbori &amp; Wengrat
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D574AA174FFDAF3AA3D36FD3AC012" box="[679,746,297,323]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C36065A8A174FFD4F19A3D53FD53C036" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC53623A174FFDAF19A3D53FE93C036" blockId="6.[151,746,297,359]" box="[151,323,332,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF19A3D53FF70C036" bold="true" box="[151,160,332,359]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">(</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A174FFDAF1AC3D52FEC2C036" box="[161,274,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 9‒16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9‒16. Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of Conothrachelus sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Figs 9‒16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A174FFDAF0133D52FEEBC036" box="[286,315,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="8.[1338,1437,1478,1503]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,841,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,841,1459]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 17. Distribution map for new species of Nealiolus from Brazil: (★) Type locality of N. chayohtli Wengrat &amp; Shimbori sp. n., Amparo, São Paulo. (■) Type locality N. jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., Piracicaba, São Paulo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629771/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC53623A174FFDAF19A3D8AFEC5C246" blockId="6.[151,1437,404,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
M 
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF1BD3D8BFE52C0FE" bold="true" box="[176,386,404,431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">aterial examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B123C7EA174FFDAF0813D8AFA48C0A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2571581882" collectingDate="2018-12-17" collectorName="M. Savaris" country="Brazil" elevation="598" latitude="-22.750683" location="Santa Rita" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-47.588734" municipality="Piracicaba" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-pupa="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF0813D8AFE29C0FE" bold="true" box="[396,505,405,431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<typeStatus id="54C18881A174FFDAF0813D8AFE29C0FE" box="[396,505,405,431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF30E3D8AFDC8C0FE" box="[515,536,405,431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(DCBU #370880) “ 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76B3A174FFDAF20F3D8AFCBEC0FE" box="[770,878,405,431]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49BEF8C1A174FFDAF2713D8AFC24C0FE" box="[892,1012,405,431]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA1AC59A174FFDAF50F3D8AFBAAC0FE" box="[1026,1146,405,431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Piracicaba</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EA560F8A174FFDAF58A3D8AFAD0C0FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D38735A174FFD5F19A3D36FAB3C246:8EA560F8A174FFDAF58A3D8AFAD0C0FE" box="[1159,1280,405,431]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.750683" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-47.588734" municipality="Piracicaba" name="Santa Rita" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Santa Rita</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4E50E4A174FFDAF4023D8BFA4CC0FE" box="[1295,1436,404,431]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="45.041" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" precision="1" value="-22.750683">22°45.041’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4E50E4A174FFDAF19A3DA7FEFFC082" box="[151,303,440,467]" degrees="47" direction="west" minutes="35.324" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" precision="1" value="-47.588734">47°35.324’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C829BC6A174FFDAF0363DA7FE55C082" box="[315,389,440,467]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9799999999999995" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="598.0">
<elevation id="0057D110A174FFDAF0363DA7FE55C082" box="[315,389,440,467]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9799999999999995" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" unit="m" value="598.0">598 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFC410E3A174FFDAF09F3DA6FDF6C082" box="[402,550,441,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2018-12-17">
<collectingDate id="EF80E90BA174FFDAF09F3DA6FDF6C082" box="[402,550,441,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2018-12-17">17 Dec 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, reared from 
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF3B33DA6FCD1C082" box="[702,769,441,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="pupa">pupae</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A174FFDAF2253DA6FC1DC082" box="[808,973,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF2253DA6FC1DC082" box="[808,973,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<location id="8EA560F8A174FFDAF2253DA6FC1DC082" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D38735A174FFD5F19A3D36FAB3C246:8EA560F8A174FFDAF2253DA6FC1DC082" box="[808,973,441,467]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.750683" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-47.588734" municipality="Piracicaba" name="Conotrachelus" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Conotrachelus</location>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF2D83DA6FC25C082" box="[981,1013,441,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="generic">sp.</specimenCount>
in soil, but from fruits of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A174FFDAF4133DA6FDF7C0A9" authority="(Mart.) Kausel (Jaboticaba)" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Plinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cauliflora">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF4133DA6FF0DC0A6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<location id="8EA560F8A174FFDAF4133DA6FAB2C082" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D38735A174FFD5F19A3D36FAB3C246:8EA560F8A174FFDAF4133DA6FAB2C082" box="[1310,1378,441,467]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.750683" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-47.588734" municipality="Piracicaba" name="Plinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Plinia</location>
cauliflora
</emphasis>
(
<location id="8EA560F8A174FFDAF1FD3DC2FEFDC0A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D38735A174FFD5F19A3D36FAB3C246:8EA560F8A174FFDAF1FD3DC2FEFDC0A6" box="[240,301,477,503]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.750683" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-47.588734" municipality="Piracicaba" name="Mart" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Mart</location>
.) 
<location id="8EA560F8A174FFDAF04E3DC2FE41C0A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D38735A174FFD5F19A3D36FAB3C246:8EA560F8A174FFDAF04E3DC2FE41C0A6" box="[323,401,477,503]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.750683" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-47.588734" municipality="Piracicaba" name="Kausel" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Kausel</location>
(
<location id="8EA560F8A174FFDAF0AE3DC2FDCFC0A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D38735A174FFD5F19A3D36FAB3C246:8EA560F8A174FFDAF0AE3DC2FDCFC0A9" box="[419,543,477,504]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.750683" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-47.588734" municipality="Piracicaba" name="Jaboticaba" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Jaboticaba</location>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectorName id="268F53F5A174FFDAF33B3DC2FD67C0A6" box="[566,695,477,503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">M. Savaris</collectorName>
”, bottom label “DNA #2”. 
<location id="8EA560F8A174FFDAF2F43DC2FBE4C0A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D38735A174FFD5F19A3D36FAB3C246:8EA560F8A174FFDAF2F43DC2FBE4C0A6" box="[1017,1076,477,503]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.750683" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-47.588734" municipality="Piracicaba" name="Point" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Point</location>
mounted, deposited at DCBU
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B123C7EA174FFDAF19A3E1EFEC5C246" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2560338106" collectingDate="2002-09-18" collectingDateMax="2018-12-12" collectingDateMin="2002-09-18" collectionCode="ESALQ, DCBU" collectorName="S. Sanchez" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" specimenCode="DCBU #370881, DCBU #370882" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF19A3E1EFEDFC34A" bold="true" box="[151,271,513,539]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<typeStatus id="54C18881A174FFDAF19A3E1EFEDFC34A" box="[151,271,513,539]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF0103E1EFE94C34A" box="[285,324,513,539]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
s, same data as holotype except “DNA#15” (
<specimenCode id="DBDC9E58A174FFDAF2393E1EFC20C34A" box="[820,1008,513,539]" collectionCode="DCBU" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5zzs-n4tg" name="Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">DCBU #370881</specimenCode>
), “DNA # 16” and “DNA #18” respec- tively; 
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF1EB3E3AFEC1C36E" box="[230,273,549,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, same as 
<typeStatus id="54C18881A174FFDAF08D3E3AFE35C36E" box="[384,485,549,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, different date “ 
<date id="FFC410E3A174FFDAF3943E3AFCE0C36E" box="[665,816,549,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2018-12-12">
<collectingDate id="EF80E90BA174FFDAF3943E3AFCE0C36E" box="[665,816,549,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2018-12-12">12 Dec 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
”; 
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF24A3E3AFCA3C36E" box="[839,883,549,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, same as 
<typeStatus id="54C18881A174FFDAF2ED3E3AFB95C36E" box="[992,1093,549,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, except: “no solo, pupa dentro da câmara, “ 
<date id="FFC410E3A174FFDAF02C3E56FE64C332" box="[289,436,585,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2018-12-10">
<collectingDate id="EF80E90BA174FFDAF02C3E56FE64C332" box="[289,436,585,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2018-12-10">10 Dec 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
” (
<specimenCode id="DBDC9E58A174FFDAF0C63E56FD58C332" box="[459,648,585,611]" collectionCode="DCBU" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5zzs-n4tg" name="Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">DCBU #370882</specimenCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF3963E56FD14C332" box="[667,708,585,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, top label: “Piracicaba, SP [campus 
<collectionCode id="ED6BAEE6A174FFDAF5543E56FB62C332" box="[1113,1202,585,611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">ESALQ</collectionCode>
/USP—experimental field]; 
<date id="FFC410E3A174FFDAF1EE3E72FEB6C3D6" box="[227,358,621,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2002-09-18">
<collectingDate id="EF80E90BA174FFDAF1EE3E72FEB6C3D6" box="[227,358,621,647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2002-09-18">18/09/2002</collectingDate>
</date>
. Em 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A174FFDAF0933E72FD46C3D6" authority="S. Sanchez" authorityName="S. Sanchez" box="[414,662,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba">jaboticaba S. Sánchez</taxonomicName>
, col.”, bottom label “Introduzindo ovipositor em frutos de jaboticaba com larvas de 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A174FFDAF04F3E8EFE37C3FA" box="[322,487,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF04F3E8EFE37C3FA" box="[322,487,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Conotrachelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”; 
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF3083E8EFDE2C3FA" box="[517,562,657,683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
“Piracicaba, SP; Novembro/2002; Jaboticaba; 
<collectorName id="268F53F5A174FFDAF55D3E8EFB04C3FA" box="[1104,1236,657,683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">S. Sánchez</collectorName>
”; 
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF5E13E8EFACBC3FA" box="[1260,1307,657,683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, same data except date, 
<date id="FFC410E3A174FFDAF0283EAAFE13C39E" box="[293,451,693,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2002-10">
<collectingDate id="EF80E90BA174FFDAF0283EAAFE13C39E" box="[293,451,693,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2002-10">October 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF0C33EAAFE29C39E" box="[462,505,693,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
same data except date, “ 
<date id="FFC410E3A174FFDAF2023EAAFC08C39E" box="[783,984,693,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2002-10-11">
<collectingDate id="EF80E90BA174FFDAF2023EAAFC08C39E" box="[783,984,693,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" value="2002-10-11">October 11, 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
” and bottom label: “Emergido de larvas de 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A174FFDAF1B43EC6FE8EC3A2" box="[185,350,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF1B43EC6FE8EC3A2" box="[185,350,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Conotrachelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, specimen pinned with cocoon. (All specimens without 
<collectionCode id="ED6BAEE6A174FFDAF2EC3EC6FBFFC3A2" box="[993,1071,729,755]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5zzs-n4tg" name="Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">DCBU</collectionCode>
collection number are deposited at 
<collectionCode id="ED6BAEE6A174FFDAF1BF3EE2FEDEC246" box="[178,270,765,791]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">ESALQ</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC53623A174FFDAF1CA3F3FFA9FC26A" blockId="6.[151,1437,404,1979]" box="[199,1359,800,827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF1CA3F3FFEA0C26A" bold="true" box="[199,368,800,827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Description of</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D7CFDAAA174FFDAF07A3F3EFE5DC26A" box="[375,397,801,827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
. Body length 
<quantity id="4C829BC6A174FFDAF3263F3FFD65C26A" box="[555,693,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="4.95" valueMax="5.4" valueMin="4.5">4.5‒5.4 mm</quantity>
; fore wing length 
<quantity id="4C829BC6A174FFDAF28D3F3EFBDAC26A" box="[896,1034,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.199999999999999" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="4.199999999999999" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="3.8">3.8‒4.6 mm</quantity>
; antenna length 
<quantity id="4C829BC6A174FFDAF5CD3F3EFA9AC26A" box="[1216,1354,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" unit="mm" value="4.35" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="3.8">3.8‒4.9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC53623A174FFDAF1CA3F5AFC11C542" blockId="6.[151,1437,404,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF1CA3F5AFED8C20E" box="[199,264,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Color</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A174FFDAF0163F5AFE47C20E" box="[283,407,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 9‒16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9‒16. Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of Conothrachelus sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
). Head black, clypeus and mandibles yellowish brown; palpi pale yellow. Antenna dark brown, scape and pedicel darker than flagellum. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A174FFDAF3BF3F76FCFBC2D2" box="[690,811,873,899]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesosoma</taxonomicName>
yellowish brown; darker (brown) at propodeum basally, mesopleuron posteriorly and most of metapleuron. Metasoma dark brown; T1 mostly yellowish brown with darker areas medially and near lateral edges. Fore legs yellow; mid legs yellow except coxa and femur brown; hind legs mostly brown, trochanter, trochantellus and apical tarsomeres yellow, tibia dark brown with basal 1/4‒1/5 whitish yellow. Wings hyaline, veins and stigma dark brown; tegula pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC53623A174FFDAF1CA3802FD45C406" blockId="6.[151,1437,404,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF1CA3802FED4C566" box="[199,260,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A174FFDAF0183802FEB9C566" box="[277,361,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 9‒16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9‒16. Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of Conothrachelus sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Transverse in frontal view, face about 2.2‒2.6 × wider than high; distance between tentorial pits 1.3‒1.5 × height of clypeus; eye height 0.54‒0.64 × face width; clypeus transverse, 2.8‒ 3.1 × wider than high; ventral margin nearly straight and without median tooth but with angulation at level of tentorial pits. Face densely punctate, smooth near limit with clypeus, clypeus mostly polished with sparse punctation; mid-longitudinal carina extending from between antennal sockets just to reach upper part of face; gena and temples smooth, vertex punctate, frons smooth and distinctly excavated. Transverse in dorsal view, 2.1‒2.2 × wider than long; eye 1.2‒1.3 × longer than temple; distance between eye and lateral ocellus (OOL) 3.1 × diameter of lateral ocellus (OD), POL (distance between lateral ocelli) 0.38 × OOL; ocellar triangle with a deep central pit. Antenna with 34‒38 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 0.82‒0.86 × longer than second.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC53623A174FFDAF1CA397DFAD7C726" blockId="6.[151,1437,404,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF1CA397DFE97C42A" box="[199,327,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A174FFDAF1CA397DFE92C42A" box="[199,322,1378,1403]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesosoma</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Mesonotum mostly smooth with very weak punctation; notauli deep and crenulate, meeting posteriorly in a distinct median carina; median lobe of mesoscutum distinctly higher than lateral lobes, weakly rugose and bordered by carina just posteriorly; scutellar sulcus with median carina, smooth otherwise; mesoscutellar trough mostly smooth with few crenulae near scutellum. Metanotum mostly smooth with roughly triangular carinate area medially and few carinae laterally. Propodeum strongly carinate over a rather smooth background; areola distinct and pentagonal, basal transverse carina strong and sinuate, meeting a diagonal carina at mid-length; areas defined by carinae posteriorly with sparse rugae (
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A174FFDAF36E3A26FD66C702" box="[611,694,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURES 9‒16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9‒16. Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of Conothrachelus sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Pronotum mostly smooth, with some transverse carina anteriorly and a few longitudinal carina posteriorly. Mesopleuron smooth with distinct and crenulate sternaulus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC53623A174FFDAF1CA3A9DFDF7C7EE" blockId="6.[151,1437,404,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF1CA3A9DFED4C7CA" box="[199,260,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Legs.</emphasis>
Inner spur of hind tibia 0.37‒0.43 × longer than basitarsus, inner and outer spurs sub-equal; hind femur 3.2‒3.3 × longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A174FFDAF0D93ABAFDC9C7EE" box="[468,537,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURES 9‒16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9‒16. Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of Conothrachelus sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC53623A174FFDAF1CA3AD5FAE6C656" blockId="6.[151,1437,404,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF1CA3AD5FEC3C7B2" box="[199,275,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Wings.</emphasis>
Fore wing (
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A174FFDAF0913AD6FE20C7B2" box="[412,496,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURES 9‒16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9‒16. Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of Conothrachelus sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
): vein r/2RS = 0.52‒0.63; r/(RS+M)b =1.2‒1.3; stigma width/height = 3.2‒3.6; R1/ stigma length; = 1.25‒1.28; veins 1a and 2a present. Hind wing: M+CU/1M = 3.1‒3.4; 1M/r-m = 0.7-0.8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC53623A174FFDAF1CA3B0DFDD8C6EA" blockId="6.[151,1437,404,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A174FFDAF1CA3B0DFEECC67A" box="[199,316,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A174FFDAF0403B0EFE72C67A" box="[333,418,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 9‒16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9‒16. Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of Conothrachelus sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="122">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). T1 distinctly widening apically, apical width 1.6 × its length and 1.4‒1.6 × longer than basal width just basal to basal expansions; dorsal carina strong and complete, delimiting a higher roughly triangular area which is mostly smooth except for superficial rugosity posteriorly; lateral areas longitudinally costate; remainder carapace entirely rugose-costate, transverse sulcus between T2 and T3 fine but distinct. Ovipositor about 2.0‒2.1 × longer than metasoma.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0566ABA175FFDBF19A3B93FC76C6BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="123" startId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" targetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BC53623A175FFDBF19A3B93FC76C6BC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1932,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A175FFDBF19A3B93FE97C6F4" bold="true" box="[151,327,1932,1957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="123">FIGURES 9‒16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A175FFDBF0433B93FD2BC6F4" authority="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" box="[334,763,1932,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A175FFDBF0433B93FDF1C6F5" box="[334,545,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="123">Nealiolus jaboticaba</emphasis>
Shimbori &amp; Wengrat
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A175FFDBF20F3B93FCEBC6F5" bold="true" box="[770,827,1932,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D574AA175FFDBF20F3B93FCEBC6F5" box="[770,827,1932,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of 
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A175FFDBF2503BAFFC2FC699" box="[861,1023,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="123">Conothrachelus</emphasis>
sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC53623A17AFFD4F1CA3C86FD53C036" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F1CA3C86FED1C1E2" box="[199,257,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Male</emphasis>
. Body length 
<quantity id="4C829BC6A17AFFD4F0923C87FDF9C1E2" box="[415,553,152,179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="4.45" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="4.4">4.4‒4.5 mm</quantity>
; fore wing length 
<quantity id="4C829BC6A17AFFD4F3F83C87FCAFC1E2" box="[757,895,152,179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="3.55" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.5">3.5‒3.6 mm</quantity>
; antenna 
<quantity id="4C829BC6A17AFFD4F2E53C86FB91C1E2" box="[1000,1089,153,179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
. Very similar to female, except antenna relatively longer and narrower, nearly as long as body, and with 34 antennomeres, apical antennomeres slightly longer than wide as compared with nearly quadrate segments in females (F14 1.0 × wider than long in females, ~0.7 × in males). 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F0CF3D1AFDEBC04E" box="[450,571,261,287]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesosoma</taxonomicName>
with more extensive dark color, mesopleuron and propodeum nearly entirely dark brown to black, whereas in females mesopleuron and propodeum are usually brownish yellow with some dark spots posteriorly and medially, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36065A8A17AFFD4F1CA3D6FFD8FC3FA" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC53623A17AFFD4F1CA3D6FFD8FC3FA" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F1CA3D6FFE92C0DA" bold="true" box="[199,322,368,395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F3823D6DFCDEC0DA" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[655,782,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutulus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F3823D6DFCDEC0DA" box="[655,782,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. acutulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F2493D6DFC0AC0DA" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[836,986,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F2493D6DFC0AC0DA" box="[836,986,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the two species included in the 
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F4493D6DFF17C0FE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">mexicanus-</emphasis>
group by Martin (1959), which is characterised by the relatively large body (4.5‒6.0 mm), the strongly sculp- tured carapace, with T3 fully sculptured, and antenna with at least 34 antennomeres (
<quantity id="4C829BC6A17AFFD4F5533DA7FB49C082" box="[1118,1177,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" unit="in" value="35.0">35 in</quantity>
females; but unknown for 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F1B23DC1FE86C0A6" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[191,342,478,503]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F1B23DC1FE86C0A6" box="[191,342,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because known females have broken antenna). Within the 
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F2E03DC1FBBDC0A6" box="[1005,1133,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">mexicanus-</emphasis>
group, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F5B03DC1FA86C0A6" authority="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa, 2020" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" box="[1213,1366,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F5B03DC1FA86C0A6" box="[1213,1366,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. jaboticaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F4503DC2FA4DC0A6" bold="true" box="[1373,1437,477,503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D574AA17AFFD4F4503DC2FA4DC0A6" box="[1373,1437,477,503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F06F3E1DFE29C34A" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[354,505,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F06F3E1DFE29C34A" box="[354,505,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by the longer ovipositor (about 2.0 × longer than metasoma) and the absence of a ventral longitudinal carina at face (which is present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F3F13E39FCACC36E" baseAuthorityName="Martin" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[764,892,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutulus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F3F13E39FCACC36E" box="[764,892,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. acutulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F5EC3E39FAA8C36E" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1249,1400,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F5EC3E39FAA8C36E" box="[1249,1400,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in having a distinctly areolate propodeum (areola indistinct in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F23B3E55FC1DC332" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[822,973,586,611]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F23B3E55FC1DC332" box="[822,973,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a mostly brown 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F5963E56FAC1C332" box="[1179,1297,585,611]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">mesosoma</taxonomicName>
(black in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F48E3E55FEDDC3D6" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F48E3E55FEDDC3D6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), smooth clypeus (rugose in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F35B3E71FD3DC3D6" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[598,749,622,647]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F35B3E71FD3DC3D6" box="[598,749,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a much wider T1, about 1.5 × wider apically and long, as compared with 1.2 × in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F0CC3E8DFD88C3FA" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[449,600,658,683]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F0CC3E8DFD88C3FA" box="[449,600,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36065A8A17AFFD4F1CA3EABFD90C26A" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC53623A17AFFD4F1CA3EABFD90C26A" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F1CA3EABFE98C39E" bold="true" box="[199,328,692,719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Comments</emphasis>
. The DNA barcode sequences were compared with public and private records on Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) and GenBank. The four sequences obtained for the new species are nearly identical and do not match any of the sequences available in the databases (
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A17AFFD4F3F83EE2FC96C246" box="[757,838,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1942,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1380,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,1380,1938]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 18. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of COI gene fragment of Nealiolus specimens. Branch lengths are drawn to scale; nodal support values below 0.50 were not recorded in the tree; and nodal support values are given as posterior probabilities above the branches in cases with values higher than 0.90. The scale bar corresponds to the expected number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629078/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6F80398A17AFFD4F25C3EE2FC71C246" box="[849,929,765,791]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,874,1354]" captionText="TABLE 1. Genetic distances among Nealiolus specimens from different countries." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0566ABA17BFFD5F19A3F59FBDBC20E" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" tableUuid="DF0566ABA17BFFD5F19A3F59FBDBC20E">Table 1</tableCitation>
). GenBank accession numbers: MN1781119; 
<accessionNumber id="9429ABC0A17AFFD4F19A3F3EFECCC26A" box="[151,284,801,827]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN178120" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">MN178120</accessionNumber>
; 
<accessionNumber id="9429ABC0A17AFFD4F02A3F3EFE7CC26A" box="[295,428,801,827]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN178121" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">MN178121</accessionNumber>
; 
<accessionNumber id="9429ABC0A17AFFD4F0BA3F3EFDECC26A" box="[439,572,801,827]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN178122" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">MN178122</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36065A8A17AFFD5F1CA39DBFD54C186" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC53623A17AFFD5F1CA39DBFD54C186" blockId="8.[151,1437,1476,1575]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,153,791]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F1CA39DBFEB1C48E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1476,1503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Distribution.</emphasis>
Neotropical. Known only from 
<typeStatus id="54C18881A17AFFD4F3DB39D9FCD6C4B1" box="[726,774,1478,1504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">type</typeStatus>
locality Piracicaba, 
<collectingRegion id="49BEF8C1A17AFFD4F2FE39DAFBB9C48E" box="[1011,1129,1477,1503]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76B3A17AFFD4F57A39DAFB6BC48E" box="[1143,1211,1477,1503]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A17AFFD4F5C039DAFAF3C48E" box="[1229,1315,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="8.[1338,1437,1478,1503]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,841,1459]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,841,1459]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 17. Distribution map for new species of Nealiolus from Brazil: (★) Type locality of N. chayohtli Wengrat &amp; Shimbori sp. n., Amparo, São Paulo. (■) Type locality N. jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., Piracicaba, São Paulo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629771/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F1CA3A4AFE54C73E" bold="true" box="[199,388,1620,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Natural history.</emphasis>
All specimens in the type series are associated with the weevil 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F54D3A4AFB35C73E" box="[1088,1253,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F54D3A4AFB35C73E" box="[1088,1253,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Conotrachelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F4143A4AFA49C73E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1305,1433,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F19A3A66FEE9C7C2" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[151,313,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F0483A66FE6DC7C5" authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1823" box="[325,445,1657,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Molytinae">Molytinae</taxonomicName>
), that feeds on fruits of jaboticaba— 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F2523A66FA8FC7C2" authority="(Mart.) Kausel" authorityName="Kausel" baseAuthorityName="Mart." box="[863,1375,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Plinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cauliflora">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F2523A66FBCAC7C2" box="[863,1050,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Plinia cauliflora</emphasis>
(Mart.) Kausel (Myrtaceae)
</taxonomicName>
. Saúl Sanchez Soto observed one female [
<typeStatus id="54C18881A17AFFD4F3253A83FD5EC7E6" box="[552,654,1692,1719]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
] ovipositing in jaboticaba fruits infested with larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F5FA3A82FA4CC7E6" box="[1271,1436,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F5FA3A82FA4CC7E6" box="[1271,1436,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Conotrachelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., and reared one male [
<typeStatus id="54C18881A17AFFD4F0BE3ADFFDC9C78A" box="[435,537,1728,1755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
] reared from the same host larvae. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4BD2A17AFFD4F2AC3ADEFB70C78A" author="Soto, S. S. &amp; Nakano, O." box="[929,1184,1729,1755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" pagination="31 - 36" refId="ref8891" refString="Soto, S. S. &amp; Nakano, O. (2004) Parasitismo de braconideos sobre Conotrachelus sp. em jabuticaba, em Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. Revista de Agricultura, 79 (1), 31 - 36." type="journal article" year="2004">Soto &amp; Nakano (2004)</bibRefCitation>
reported 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F4073ADEFAA5C78A" authorityName="sensu Mason" authorityYear="1974" box="[1290,1397,1729,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F4073ADEFAA5C78A" box="[1290,1397,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Nealiolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. [= 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F1BA3AF9FE9FC7AE" authority="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa, 2020" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" box="[183,335,1765,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F1BA3AF9FE9FC7AE" box="[183,335,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. jaboticaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F0583AFAFE44C7AE" bold="true" box="[341,404,1765,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D574AA17AFFD4F0583AFAFE44C7AE" box="[341,404,1765,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
] as the main parasitoid found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F20C3AFAFC76C7AE" box="[769,934,1765,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F20C3AFAFC76C7AE" box="[769,934,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Conotrachelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., corresponding to 95% of the parasitoids, and parasitising nearly 1/3 of the weevil larvae. More recently, in samplings made in 2018, we found adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F19A3B32FEECC616" box="[151,316,1837,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F19A3B32FEECC616" box="[151,316,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Conotrachelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. foraging on fruits of jabuticaba, searching for oviposition sites. In addition, we observed larvae leaving fallen fruits on the ground and penetrating the soil for pupation. We dug about 
<quantity id="4C829BC6A17AFFD4F5593B4EFB48C63D" box="[1108,1176,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
of soil below the fallen fruits for pupal chambers made by the larvae (
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A17AFFD4F3923B6AFCF2C6C1" box="[671,802,1908,1936]" captionStart="FIGURES 9‒16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9‒16. Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of Conothrachelus sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Figs 15, 16</figureCitation>
). The larvae pupated around 
<quantity id="4C829BC6A17AFFD4F5673B6AFB32C6C1" box="[1130,1250,1909,1936]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 12 cm</quantity>
deep in the soil, and the parasitized chambers were recognisable by the presence of a silk cocoon (
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A17AFFD4F53D3B86FB54C6E2" box="[1072,1156,1944,1971]" captionStart="FIGURES 9‒16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9‒16. Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of Conothrachelus sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). The parasitoid makes a hole in the cocoon (
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A17AFFD4F07B3BA2FE17C689" box="[374,455,1981,2008]" captionStart="FIGURES 9‒16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[173,1414,166,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9‒16. Nealiolus jaboticaba Shimbori &amp; Wengrat sp. n., ♀: 9‒10, habitus, lateral; 11, head, frontal. 12, propodeum, dorsal; 13, fore wing; 14, metasoma, dorsal; 15‒16, pupal chamber of Conothrachelus sp. constructed in the soil: 15, parasitoid pupae within silk cocoon; 16, empty parasitoid cocoon with the exit opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629076/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) and digs up the ground with the mandibles to reach the surface. Based on these observations, we conclude that females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F3373BFDFD03C6AA" authority="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa, 2020" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" box="[570,723,2017,2043]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F3373BFDFD03C6AA" box="[570,723,2017,2043]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. jaboticaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F3D63BFEFCCBC6AA" bold="true" box="[731,795,2017,2043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D574AA17AFFD4F3D63BFEFCCBC6AA" box="[731,795,2017,2043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
locate and oviposit in larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F58B3BFEFAFBC6AA" box="[1158,1323,2017,2043]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Conotrachelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F58B3BFEFAFBC6AA" box="[1158,1323,2017,2043]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Conotrachelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. inside the jaboticaba fruits. The parasitoids complete their development after the host finish the construction of the pupal chamber in the soil, just before its pupation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0566ABA17AFFD4F43739D9FB7EC776" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629771" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3629771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629771/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" startId="8.[1338,1437,1478,1503]" targetBox="[151,1436,841,1459]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BC53623A17AFFD4F43739D9FB7EC776" blockId="8.[151,1437,1476,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F43739D9FF67C752" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
Distribution map for new species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F33839F4FD46C752" authorityName="sensu Mason" authorityYear="1974" box="[565,662,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F33839F4FD46C752" box="[565,662,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Nealiolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F36D76B3A17AFFD4F3DB39F5FCC8C752" box="[726,792,1514,1539]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: (
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F22739F5FC93C4AE" bold="true" box="[810,835,1514,1535]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">★</emphasis>
) 
<typeStatus id="54C18881A17AFFD4F25E39F4FC55C752" box="[851,901,1515,1539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F2F139F3FA85C752" authority="Wengrat &amp; Shimbori" authorityName="Wengrat &amp; Shimbori" authorityYear="2020" box="[1020,1365,1514,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chayohtli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F2F139F3FBA8C752" box="[1020,1144,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. chayohtli</emphasis>
Wengrat &amp; Shimbori
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F45139F4FA46C752" bold="true" box="[1372,1430,1515,1539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D574AA17AFFD4F45139F4FA46C752" box="[1372,1430,1515,1539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Amparo, 
<collectingRegion id="49BEF8C1A17AFFD4F1FA3A10FEB0C776" box="[247,352,1550,1575]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
. (■) 
<typeStatus id="54C18881A17AFFD4F09D3A10FE12C776" box="[400,450,1551,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">Type</typeStatus>
locality 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17AFFD4F3163A0FFCAEC776" authority="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" box="[539,894,1550,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F3163A0FFD75C776" box="[539,677,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">N. jaboticaba</emphasis>
Shimbori &amp; Wengrat
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17AFFD4F2883A10FC6EC776" bold="true" box="[901,958,1551,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D574AA17AFFD4F2883A10FC6EC776" box="[901,958,1551,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="124" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, Piracicaba, 
<collectingRegion id="49BEF8C1A17AFFD4F54C3A10FB7AC776" box="[1089,1194,1550,1575]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="124">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36065A8A17BFFD5F1CA3CFEFAB3C246" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC53623A17BFFD5F1CA3CFEFE0EC012" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F1CA3CFEFE9EC1AA" bold="true" box="[199,334,225,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the tupi name given to the fruits of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F2313CFEFB79C1AA" authority="(Mart.) Kausel" authorityName="Kausel" baseAuthorityName="Mart." box="[828,1193,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Plinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cauliflora">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F2313CFEFC28C1AA" box="[828,1016,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">Plinia cauliflora</emphasis>
(Mart.) Kausel
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F5C13CFDFF1FC071" authority="Vell." authorityName="Vell." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jaboticaba">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F5C13CFDFA4CC1AA" box="[1228,1436,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">Myrtus jaboticaba</emphasis>
Vell.
</taxonomicName>
), a plant species native from Brazilian Atlantic Forest that produces highly appreciated round fruits directly from its trunks and branches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC53623A17BFFD5F1CA3D53FAB3C246" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F1CA3D53FE5FC036" bold="true" box="[199,399,332,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">DNA Barcoding.</emphasis>
We successfully sequenced the DNA barcode region of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F5133D52FF25C0DA" authority="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F5133D52FADBC036" box="[1054,1291,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">Nealiolus jaboticaba</emphasis>
Shimbori &amp; Wengrat
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F1F03D6EFEEEC0DA" bold="true" box="[253,318,369,395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D574AA17BFFD5F1F03D6EFEEEC0DA" box="[253,318,369,395]" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(658 bp; GenBank accession numbers: MN1781119- 
<accessionNumber id="9429ABC0A17BFFD5F2943D6EFBCBC0DA" box="[921,1051,369,395]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN178122" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">MN178122</accessionNumber>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F5563D6EFECBC0FE" authority="Wengrat &amp; Shimbori" authorityName="Wengrat &amp; Shimbori" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chayohtli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F5563D6EFAE6C0DA" box="[1115,1334,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">Nealiolus chayohtli</emphasis>
Wengrat &amp; Shimbori
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F02C3D8AFEB0C0FE" bold="true" box="[289,352,405,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23D574AA17BFFD5F02C3D8AFEB0C0FE" box="[289,352,405,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(658 bp; GenBank accession numbers: 
<accessionNumber id="9429ABC0A17BFFD5F2143D8AFC4DC0FE" box="[793,925,405,431]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN178123" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">MN178123</accessionNumber>
- 
<accessionNumber id="9429ABC0A17BFFD5F2A93D8AFBF9C0FE" box="[932,1065,405,431]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN178124" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">MN178124</accessionNumber>
). We found two haplotypes for 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F48E3D89FEDFC082" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F48E3D89FEDFC082" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">N. jaboticaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, H1 (n = 3) and H2 (n = 1) with a genetic distance of 0.005 between them. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree suggests the monophyly of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F30D3DC1FD49C0A6" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" box="[512,665,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F30D3DC1FD49C0A6" box="[512,665,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">N. jaboticaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F3DC3DC1FC8AC0A6" authorityName="Wengrat &amp; Shimbori" authorityYear="2020" box="[721,858,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chayohtli">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F3DC3DC1FC8AC0A6" box="[721,858,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">N. chayohtli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A17BFFD5F2673DC2FC6EC0A6" box="[874,958,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1942,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1380,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,1380,1938]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 18. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of COI gene fragment of Nealiolus specimens. Branch lengths are drawn to scale; nodal support values below 0.50 were not recorded in the tree; and nodal support values are given as posterior probabilities above the branches in cases with values higher than 0.90. The scale bar corresponds to the expected number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). The genetic distance of the COI barcode region between 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F0443E1DFE31C34A" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" box="[329,481,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F0443E1DFE31C34A" box="[329,481,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">N. jaboticaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F31B3E1DFD4EC34A" authorityName="Wengrat &amp; Shimbori" authorityYear="2020" box="[534,670,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chayohtli">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F31B3E1DFD4EC34A" box="[534,670,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">N. chayohtli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranged from 0.106 to 0.110. When compared to other 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F5F73E1EFAB5C34A" authorityName="sensu Mason" authorityYear="1974" box="[1274,1381,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F5F73E1EFAB5C34A" box="[1274,1381,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">Nealiolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
COI barcodes collected in BOLD System, the lower genetic distance among 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F2B03E39FB86C36E" authorityName="Shimbori &amp; Wengrat &amp; Savaris &amp; Galvão &amp; Nanini &amp; Garcia &amp; Corrêa" authorityYear="2020" box="[957,1110,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaboticaba">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F2B03E39FB86C36E" box="[957,1110,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">N. jaboticaba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Central/North American species was 0.084 and among 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F0E33E55FDB9C332" box="[494,617,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chayotli">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F0E33E55FDB9C332" box="[494,617,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">N. chayotli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Central/North Americas species was 0.094 (
<tableCitation id="C6F80398A17BFFD5F59C3E56FB35C332" box="[1169,1253,585,611]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,874,1354]" captionText="TABLE 1. Genetic distances among Nealiolus specimens from different countries." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0566ABA17BFFD5F19A3F59FBDBC20E" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" tableUuid="DF0566ABA17BFFD5F19A3F59FBDBC20E">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The estimated genetic distances (
<tableCitation id="C6F80398A17BFFD5F0643E72FE6EC3D6" box="[361,446,621,647]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,239,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,874,1354]" captionText="TABLE 1. Genetic distances among Nealiolus specimens from different countries." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0566ABA17BFFD5F19A3F59FBDBC20E" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" tableUuid="DF0566ABA17BFFD5F19A3F59FBDBC20E">Table 1</tableCitation>
) and Bayesian phylogenetic tree (
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A17BFFD5F2463E72FC4FC3D6" box="[843,927,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1942,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1380,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,1380,1938]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 18. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of COI gene fragment of Nealiolus specimens. Branch lengths are drawn to scale; nodal support values below 0.50 were not recorded in the tree; and nodal support values are given as posterior probabilities above the branches in cases with values higher than 0.90. The scale bar corresponds to the expected number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) within the available COI barcodes confirm the identity of the two new species in South America (
<figureCitation id="13412AA6A17BFFD5F20D3E8EFC83C3FA" box="[768,851,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1942,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1380,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,1380,1938]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 18. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of COI gene fragment of Nealiolus specimens. Branch lengths are drawn to scale; nodal support values below 0.50 were not recorded in the tree; and nodal support values are given as posterior probabilities above the branches in cases with values higher than 0.90. The scale bar corresponds to the expected number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
), however, none of the barcodes available in public databases are identified at species level. Therefore, comparison with known species and the decision to describe the two entities as new species relies entirely on their morphological and biological features. Nevertheless, our results highlight the COI universal barcoding region as a useful tool for species identification in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4DA0A17BFFD5F5FC3EE2FA8CC246" authorityName="sensu Mason" authorityYear="1974" box="[1265,1372,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Nealiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEA31A17BFFD5F5FC3EE2FA8CC246" box="[1265,1372,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="125">Nealiolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>