317 lines
38 KiB
XML
317 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="56820ED3FDDB9BFE46D37C3073A367C8">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C7416214A74736BDDF35E5FF2EFA61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212450118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273890" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7416214A74736BDDF35E5FF2EFA61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7416214A74736BDDF35E5FF2EFA61" lastPageId="257" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BDDF35E5FD89FC28" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[151,580,921,948]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Psyllobora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisoctonotata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BDDF35E5FD89FC28" bold="true" box="[151,580,921,948]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BDDF35E5FE0DFC2F" bold="true" box="[151,448,921,948]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Psyllobora bisoctonotata</emphasis>
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(Mulsant)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A746C8BDDF35C2FE8EFC42" box="[151,323,958,985]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BDDF35C2FE8EFC42" blockId="255.[151,580,921,985]" box="[151,323,958,985]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A746C8BDD735C2FEF6FC42" box="[159,315,958,985]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 183" captionStart-1="FIGURE 184" captionStart-2="FIGURE 185" captionStartId-0="256.[151,250,1884,1908]" captionStartId-1="257.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionStartId-2="258.[151,250,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1431,181,1853]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1423,183,1297]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1783]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@256.[151,1435,181,1860]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@257.[151,1435,181,1301]" captionTargetId-2="figure-20@258.[151,1436,181,1783]" captionTargetPageId-0="256" captionTargetPageId-1="257" captionTargetPageId-2="258" captionText-0="FIGURE 183. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant): a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. mandible; d. labium; e. maxilla; f. abdominal postcoxal line; g. spermatheca; h–j. male genitalia: h. tegmen, ventral view; i. tegmen, lateral view; j. penis." captionText-1="FIGURE 184. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant): a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c–e. male genitalia: c. tegmen, ventral view; d. penis; e. penis apex; f. spermatheca." captionText-2="FIGURE 185. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant), life stages: a. eggs; b. larva; c, d. pupa; e–j. adult." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262149" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262153" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262155" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8262149/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8262153/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8262155/files/figure.png" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Figs 183–185</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A746C8BDDF327EFC71FBC3" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BDDF327EFCFDFB81" blockId="255.[151,956,1026,1112]" box="[151,816,1026,1050]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14A746C8BDDF327EFCFDFB81" box="[151,816,1026,1050]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A746C8BDDF327EFDF1FB81" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,572,1026,1050]" page="204" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" year="1850">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BDDF327EFDF1FB81" authority="Mulsant, 1850: 204" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="204" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,572,1026,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Vibidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisoctonotata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BDDF327EFEBDFB81" box="[151,368,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Vibidia bisoctonotata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A746C8BC3E327EFDF1FB81" author="Mulsant, E." box="[374,572,1026,1050]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" pagination="1 - 1104" refId="ref117842" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, publiees par la Societe nationale d'Agriculture, etc., de Lyon, Deuxieme Serie, 2, 1 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8953" type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant, 1850: 204</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54D54ED614A746C8BF01327EFDB0FB81" box="[585,637,1026,1050]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Arabia).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BDDF325DFCD7FBA2" blockId="255.[151,956,1026,1112]" box="[151,794,1057,1081]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14A746C8BDDF325DFCD7FBA2" box="[151,794,1057,1081]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BDDF325DFDD1FBA2" authority=": Crotch 1874: 134" authorityName="Crotch" authorityPageNumber="134" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,540,1057,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Thea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisoctonotata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BDDF325DFE97FBA2" box="[151,346,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Thea bisoctonotata</emphasis>
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: Crotch 1874: 134
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A746C8BF6E325DFCDBFBA2" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[550,790,1057,1081]" page="559" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" year="1932">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A746C8BF6E325DFCDBFBA2" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[550,790,1057,1081]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 559</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BDDF323CFC71FBC3" blockId="255.[151,956,1026,1112]" box="[151,956,1088,1112]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14A746C8BDDF323CFC71FBC3" box="[151,956,1088,1112]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A746C8BDDF323CFD28FBC3" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[151,741,1088,1112]" page="301" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" year="1982">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BDDF323CFD28FBC3" authority=": Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 301" authorityName=": Iablokoff-Khnzorian" authorityPageNumber="301" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,741,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Psyllobora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisoctonotata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BDDF323CFE5AFBC3" box="[151,407,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Psyllobora bisoctonotata</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A746C8BCEC323CFD28FBC3" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[420,741,1088,1112]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" refId="ref114042" refString="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M. (1982) Les Coccinelles Coleopteres-Coccinellidae. Tribu Coccinellini des regions Palearctique et Orientale. Boubee, Paris, 568 pp. [in French]" type="book" year="1982">Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 301</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A746C8BFA7323CFC75FBC3" author="Poorani, J." box="[751,952,1088,1112]" page="342" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A746C8BFA7323CFC75FBC3" author="Poorani, J." box="[751,952,1088,1112]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref118931" refString="Poorani, J. (2002 a) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002a: 342</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A746C8BDDF32F9FB62FAAB" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BDDF32F9FB62FAAB" blockId="255.[151,1437,1157,1976]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BDDF32F9FEDFFB04" bold="true" box="[151,274,1157,1183]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Length:
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; width:
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. Form small, elongate oval and narrow, dorsum convex and glabrous. Ground colour pale creamy yellow; pronotum with a pale brown, indistinct, roughly M-shaped marking; elytra with 18 black spots, arranged in a 2-3-3-1 pattern (
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A746C8BE3632B2FC26FB73" box="[894,1003,1230,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 184" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[157,1423,183,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-15@257.[151,1435,181,1301]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 184. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant): a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c–e. male genitalia: c. tegmen, ventral view; d. penis; e. penis apex; f. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262153/files/figure.png" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Fig. 184a</figureCitation>
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), spots variable in size; lateral margins of pronotum and elytra transparent. Ventral side pale yellowish brown. Abdominal postcoxal line (
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A746C8B9A4328EFA96FA97" box="[1260,1371,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 184" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[157,1423,183,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-15@257.[151,1435,181,1301]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 184. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant): a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c–e. male genitalia: c. tegmen, ventral view; d. penis; e. penis apex; f. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262153/files/figure.png" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Fig. 184b</figureCitation>
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) very short and incomplete. Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A746C8BF08336AFD0AFAAB" box="[576,711,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 184" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[157,1423,183,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-15@257.[151,1435,181,1301]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 184. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant): a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c–e. male genitalia: c. tegmen, ventral view; d. penis; e. penis apex; f. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262153/files/figure.png" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Fig. 184c–e</figureCitation>
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) and spermatheca (
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A746C8BEE9336AFBC7FAAB" box="[929,1034,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 184" captionStartId="257.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[157,1423,183,1297]" captionTargetId="figure-15@257.[151,1435,181,1301]" captionTargetPageId="257" captionText="FIGURE 184. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant): a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c–e. male genitalia: c. tegmen, ventral view; d. penis; e. penis apex; f. spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262153/files/figure.png" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Fig. 184f</figureCitation>
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) as illustrated.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A746C8BD8F3346FD77FAE3" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BD8F3346FD77FAE3" blockId="255.[151,1437,1157,1976]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BD8F3346FE55FACF" bold="true" box="[199,408,1338,1364]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Immature stages.</emphasis>
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Eggs (
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A746C8BCA23346FD95FACE" box="[490,600,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 185" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-20@258.[151,1436,181,1783]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 185. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant), life stages: a. eggs; b. larva; c, d. pupa; e–j. adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262155" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262155/files/figure.png" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Fig. 185a</figureCitation>
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) whitish. Larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A746C8BE573346FC42FACE" box="[799,911,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 185" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-20@258.[151,1436,181,1783]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 185. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant), life stages: a. eggs; b. larva; c, d. pupa; e–j. adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262155" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262155/files/figure.png" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Fig. 185b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A746C8B9523346FB6BFACF" box="[1050,1190,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 185" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-20@258.[151,1436,181,1783]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 185. Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant), life stages: a. eggs; b. larva; c, d. pupa; e–j. adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262155" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262155/files/figure.png" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Fig. 185c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
) dull slaty grey, with yellow, black and white markings on dorsal side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A746C8BD8F33FDFD64F993" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BD8F33FDFD64F993" blockId="255.[151,1437,1157,1976]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BD8F33FDFEACFA00" bold="true" box="[199,353,1409,1435]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8BC2033FEFE6BFA07" box="[360,422,1410,1436]" name="India" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Very common in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8BF9533FEFCDAFA07" box="[733,791,1410,1436]" name="India" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A746C8BE6E33FEFCA5FA07" box="[806,872,1410,1436]" country="India" name="Delhi" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Delhi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A746C8BE3D33FEFC01FA07" box="[885,972,1410,1436]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A746C8BE9033FEFBF7FA07" box="[984,1082,1410,1436]" country="India" name="Haryana" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Haryana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A746C8B90E33FEFADAFA07" box="[1094,1303,1410,1436]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A746C8B86A33FEFA55FA07" box="[1314,1432,1410,1436]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Punjab,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A746C8BDBA33DAFEB4FA5B" box="[242,377,1446,1472]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A746C8BCCC33DAFDDCFA5B" box="[388,529,1446,1472]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A746C8BF5533DAFD76FA5B" box="[541,699,1446,1472]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8BF8533DAFCFDFA5B" box="[717,816,1446,1472]" name="Pakistan" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Middle East;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8BE9933DAFBDAFA5B" box="[977,1047,1446,1472]" name="Egypt" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8B96B33DAFB4BFA5B" box="[1059,1158,1446,1472]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8B9D833DAFB26FA5B" box="[1168,1259,1446,1472]" name="Uganda" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8B9BE33DAFAB6FA5B" box="[1270,1403,1446,1472]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8BDDF33B6FF1EFA7F" box="[151,211,1482,1508]" name="India" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it seems to have expanded its range to the colder parts of western and peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8B92633B6FB65FA7F" box="[1134,1192,1482,1508]" name="India" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
in recent years and is rare in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8BC673392FEA4F993" box="[303,361,1518,1544]" name="India" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(except parts of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A746C8BF6D3392FD50F993" box="[549,669,1518,1544]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A746C8BD8F306DFAD6F823" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BD8F306DFB79F927" blockId="255.[151,1437,1157,1976]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BD8F306DFE2CF9B0" bold="true" box="[199,481,1553,1579]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Prey/associated habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Feeds on mildews affecting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BE5C306EFC03F9B7" box="[788,974,1554,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dalbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sissoo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BE5C306EFC03F9B7" box="[788,974,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Dalbergia sissoo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BE92306EFB66F9B7" box="[986,1195,1554,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bauhinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BE92306EFB66F9B7" box="[986,1195,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Bauhinia purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sunflower, mulberry,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BDDF304AFE92F9CB" box="[151,351,1590,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Clerodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BDDF304AFEFFF9CB" box="[151,306,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Clerodendron</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, etc. (label data). Mass assemblages on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BE70304AFBDDF9CB" box="[824,1040,1590,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Bauhinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BE70304AFBDDF9CB" box="[824,1040,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Bauhinia purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sighted in winter in northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8BDDF3026FF1CF9EF" box="[151,209,1626,1652]" name="India" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A746C8BDA83026FEA1F9EF" author="Kapur, A. P." box="[224,364,1626,1652]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" pagination="165 - 171" refId="ref115025" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1943) On the biology and structure of the coccinellid, Thea bisoctonotata Muls. in north India. Indian Journal of Entomology, 5, 165 - 171." type="journal article" year="1943">Kapur 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Beeson (1941) reported it as feeding on the epidermis of leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8B93D3027FB11F9EF" box="[1141,1244,1627,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dalbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sissoo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8B93D3027FB11F9EF" box="[1141,1244,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">D. sissoo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In Bangalore, it is commonly collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BC8D3002FD49F903" box="[453,644,1662,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dalbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sissoo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BC8D3002FD49F903" box="[453,644,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Dalbergia sissoo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during the winter season (December–February, label data).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A746C8B8783002FEF8F927" author="Omkar & Pervez, A." pageId="255" pageNumber="256" pagination="102 - 106" refId="ref118287" refString="Omkar & Pervez, A. (1999) New records of coccinellids from Uttar Pradesh I. Journal of Advanced Zoology, 20 (2), 102 - 106." type="journal article" year="1999">Omkar & Pervez (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erroneously reported it as a predator of aphids and mealybugs in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A746C8B95B30DEFB7DF927" box="[1043,1200,1698,1724]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BD8F30BAFBFDF8B3" blockId="255.[151,1437,1157,1976]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A746C8BD8F30BAFE76F97B" author="Patankar, N. V. & Mittal, V. & Kumar, R. & Ramamurthy, V. V." box="[199,443,1734,1760]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" pagination="488 - 490" refId="ref118528" refString="Patankar, N. V., Mittal, V., Kumar, R. & Ramamurthy, V. V. (2009) Can Psyllobora bisoctonotata and Illeis cincta (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) be advocated for biological control of powdery mildews? Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 79 (6), 488 - 490." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Patankar
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BC7930BBFEA4F97B" box="[305,361,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied the gut contents and faecal pellets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BEF630BAFB15F97B" authorityName=": Iablokoff-Khnzorian" authorityYear="1982" box="[958,1240,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Psyllobora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisoctonotata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BEF630BAFB15F97B" box="[958,1240,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Psyllobora bisoctonotata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8B85830BBFAA1F97B" authorityName=": Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[1296,1388,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Thea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8B85830BBFAA1F97B" box="[1296,1388,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">I. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and found the spores of powdery mildew fungi (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BFDE3096FC6DF89F" box="[662,928,1770,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Phyllactinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dalbergiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BFDE3096FC6DF89F" box="[662,928,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Phyllactinia dalbergiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BE943097FB83F89F" box="[988,1102,1770,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Phyllactinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corylea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BE943097FB83F89F" box="[988,1102,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">P. corylea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) besides those of other plant pathogenic fungi such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BCFC3172FD46F8B3" box="[436,651,1806,1832]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Amorphothecaceae" genus="Cladosporium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Erysiphales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BCFC3172FD99F8B3" box="[436,596,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Cladosporium</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BFDF3172FC8EF8B3" box="[663,835,1806,1832]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pleosporaceae" genus="Alternaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BFDF3172FCC1F8B3" box="[663,780,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Alternaria</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BE363172FBFDF8B3" box="[894,1072,1806,1832]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Helminthosphaeriaceae" genus="Curvularia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Sordariales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BE363172FC37F8B3" box="[894,1018,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Curvularia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BD8F314DFD63F80F" blockId="255.[151,1437,1157,1976]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BD8F314DFE08F8D7" bold="true" box="[199,453,1841,1868]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Collected in large numbers on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BE76314FFC64F8D7" box="[830,937,1843,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dalbergia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sissoo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BE76314FFC64F8D7" box="[830,937,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">D. sissoo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
almost throughout the year in and around Bangalore; particularly active in post-rainy season, feeding on mildew covered leaves. More common in summer than in autumn in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A746C8BC813106FDCEF80F" box="[457,515,1914,1940]" name="India" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A746C8BF593106FD6CF80F" author="Kapur, A. P." box="[529,673,1914,1940]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" pagination="165 - 171" refId="ref115025" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1943) On the biology and structure of the coccinellid, Thea bisoctonotata Muls. in north India. Indian Journal of Entomology, 5, 165 - 171." type="journal article" year="1943">Kapur, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A746C8BD8F31E2FAD6F823" blockId="255.[151,1437,1157,1976]" box="[199,1307,1950,1976]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BD8F31E2FEB2F823" bold="true" box="[199,383,1950,1976]" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Natural enemy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BCCE31E2FD18F823" authority="Brues" authorityName="Brues" box="[390,725,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" genus="Nothoserphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A746C8BCCE31E2FD40F823" box="[390,653,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="255" pageNumber="256">Nothoserphus mirabilis</emphasis>
|
||
Brues
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BFAC31E2FC4EF823" box="[740,899,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A746C8BEC531E2FBF9F823" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[909,1076,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Proctotrupidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="255" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Proctotrupidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (unpublished data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF11A0FC15584737BDDF3120FA80F803" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262149" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8262149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262149/files/figure.png" pageId="256" pageNumber="257" startId="256.[151,250,1884,1908]" targetBox="[151,1431,181,1853]" targetPageId="256" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415584737BDDF3120FA80F803" blockId="256.[151,1437,1884,1945]" pageId="256" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615584737BDDF3120FEFDF8EF" bold="true" box="[151,304,1884,1908]" pageId="256" pageNumber="257">FIGURE 183.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715584737BC713120FD61F8EF" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[313,684,1884,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Psyllobora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="256" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisoctonotata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615584737BC713120FDF6F8EF" box="[313,571,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="256" pageNumber="257">Psyllobora bisoctonotata</emphasis>
|
||
(Mulsant)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. mandible; d. labium; e. maxilla; f. abdominal postcoxal line; g. spermatheca; h–j. male genitalia: h. tegmen, ventral view; i. tegmen, lateral view; j. penis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF11A0FC15594736BDDF3351FCCFFAF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8262153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262153/files/figure.png" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" startId="257.[151,250,1325,1349]" targetBox="[157,1423,183,1297]" targetPageId="257" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415594736BDDF3351FCCFFAF2" blockId="257.[151,1436,1325,1386]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615594736BDDF3351FEE3FADE" bold="true" box="[151,302,1325,1349]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">FIGURE 184.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715594736BC7D3351FD68FADE" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[309,677,1325,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Psyllobora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisoctonotata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615594736BC7D3351FDFBFADE" box="[309,566,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">Psyllobora bisoctonotata</emphasis>
|
||
(Mulsant)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c–e. male genitalia: c. tegmen, ventral view; d. penis; e. penis apex; f. spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15594736BD8F33C7FF2EFA61" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F07415594736BD8F33C7FF2EFA61" blockId="257.[151,1436,1467,1530]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615594736BD8F33C7FEDCFA4E" bold="true" box="[199,273,1467,1493]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515594736BC5233C0FE7EFA4E" author="Kapur, A. P." box="[282,435,1467,1494]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" pagination="165 - 171" refId="ref115025" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1943) On the biology and structure of the coccinellid, Thea bisoctonotata Muls. in north India. Indian Journal of Entomology, 5, 165 - 171." type="journal article" year="1943">Kapur (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515594736BCA633C0FD1FFA4E" author="Kumar, R. & Mittal, V. & Patankar, N. V. & Ramamurthy, V. V." box="[494,722,1467,1494]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" pagination="652 - 657" refId="ref116463" refString="Kumar, R., Mittal, V., Patankar, N. V. & Ramamurthy, V. V. (2010) Bionomics of mycophagous coccinellid, Psyllobora bisoctonotata (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 5 (2), 652 - 657." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Kumar
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C6615594736BF0C33C0FDBAFA4E" box="[580,631,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied its biology and described and illustrated the immature stages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |