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<document id="EE2E7359CE6D1E772AED266578E812B1" ID-CLB-Dataset="26761" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4394.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96807e95-89bd-4f9c-8e64-dd44cf0ca98a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3066097" ID-ZooBank="6AEE9169-0FC2-4728-A690-52FFA1707FC0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1558368195341" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heikkilä, Maria, Brown, John W., Baixeras, Joaquin, Mey, Wolfram &amp; Kozlov, Mikhail V." docDate="2018" docId="03B2FF08FFC51406FF548216165FF96F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4394.1.2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4394 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paleolepidopterites Kozlov 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FF8B8770FFC9140AFFC386241322FFC2" masterDocTitle="Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698731243689" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="61F8C206E95F8661BFF50557CCB8B8F3">Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7725EDE901615353B6862538DFED1A95">Heikkilä, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="243141E07B4DF399A27057CADAF2249A">Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="58C18262038F765E66448DEA4996253B">Baixeras, Joaquin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B77C4030E084AF0F2A1ED896CE2A599">Mey, Wolfram</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E019D751D150546E94FBD9B86FF5C691">Kozlov, Mikhail V.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B2FF08FFC51406FF548216165FF96F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157232468" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2FF08FFC51406FF548216165FF96F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2FF08FFC51406FF548216165FF96F" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC51406FF54821611CAFB8E" box="[151,744,1074,1100]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC51406FF54821611CAFB8E" blockId="12.[151,744,1074,1100]" box="[151,744,1074,1100]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="D0ECF972FFC51406FF54821611CAFB8E" bold="true" box="[151,744,1074,1100]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FF54821611CAFB8E" bold="true" box="[151,744,1074,1100]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FF54821612FEFB8E" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,476,1074,1100]" class="Insecta" genus="Paleolepidopterites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FF548216125FFB8E" bold="true" box="[151,381,1074,1100]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Paleolepidopterites</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
, new collective group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC51406FF54825D10F2FB1B" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC51406FF54825D10F2FB1B" blockId="12.[151,1437,1145,1710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FF54825D120BFB50" bold="true" box="[151,297,1145,1170]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Description.</emphasis>
The collective group name
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FDBB825D1071FB50" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2018" box="[632,851,1145,1170]" class="Insecta" genus="Paleolepidopterites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FDBB825D1071FB50" box="[632,851,1145,1170]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Paleolepidopterites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is proposed for fossil
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FBA0825D17C8FB50" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1123,1258,1145,1170]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
that cannot be placed with certainty in any known family. Therefore, the diagnosis of this collective group is identical to the diagnosis of the order
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FE5282E5113AFB18" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[401,536,1217,1242]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
(published e.g. by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC51406FD2C82E510E6FB1B" author="Kozlov, M. V. &amp; Ivanov, V. D. &amp; Rasnitsyn, A. P." box="[751,964,1217,1242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="220 - 227" refId="ref13070" refString="Kozlov, M. V., Ivanov, V. D. &amp; Rasnitsyn, A. P. (2002) Order Lepidoptera Linne, 1758. The butterflies and moths. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. (Eds.), History of Insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 220 - 227." type="book chapter" year="2002">
Kozlov
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FC8B82E610A3FB18" box="[840,897,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC51406FF0482C11122FAE0" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC51406FF0482C11122FAE0" blockId="12.[151,1437,1145,1710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FF0482C11273FB3C" bold="true" box="[199,337,1253,1278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Etymology:</emphasis>
from παλαιός (palaios), Ancient Greek = old; λεπίς (lepis), Ancient Greek = scale;
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FA9282C216BEFB3F" box="[1361,1436,1254,1277]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">πτερov</emphasis>
(pteron), Ancient Greek = wing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFC51406FF048309165FF96F" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC51406FF04830911BEF9DC" blockId="12.[151,1437,1145,1710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FF048309126DFA84" bold="true" box="[199,335,1325,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Comments.</emphasis>
Collective group names ending with -ites are commonly used for fossil insect species, especially
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FF5483751203FAA8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,289,1361,1386]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
, whose taxonomic placement is not entirely convincing or for which only family-level association is assured (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC51406FF388351129EFA4C" author="Sohn, J. - C. &amp; Labandeira, C. &amp; Davis, D. &amp; Mitter, C." box="[251,444,1397,1422]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref14323" refString="Sohn, J. - C., Labandeira, C., Davis, D. &amp; Mitter, C. (2012) An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world. Zootaxa, 3286, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="2012">
Sohn
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FEFC8352125BFA4C" box="[319,377,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC51406FE0A83511198FA4C" author="Sohn, J. C. &amp; Lamas, G." box="[457,698,1397,1422]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="395 - 399" refId="ref14373" refString="Sohn, J. C. &amp; Lamas, G. (2013) Corrections, additions, and nomenclatural notes to the recently published World catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera. Zootaxa, 3599 (4), 395 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3599.4.8" type="journal article" year="2013">Sohn &amp; Lamas 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Such names are valid according to the code (ICZN 4th edition, Articles 20, 23.7 and 42.2.1) and are subject to the rules for genus-group nomenclature, except that collective groups have no
<typeStatus id="54A0F0BCFFC51406FE92839A12A3FA14" box="[337,385,1470,1494]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
species. The erection of the new collective group,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FC118399178FFA14" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2018" box="[978,1197,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" genus="Paleolepidopterites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FC118399178FFA14" box="[978,1197,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Paleolepidopterites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is motivated by the impossibility to keep the three following fossils within the collective group
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FC2F83C61742FA3B" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1004,1120,1506,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FC2F83C61742FA3B" box="[1004,1120,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Tortricites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because these fossils, most likely, do not belong to the family
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FDD9802111BAF9DC" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[538,664,1541,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFC51406FF04800D165FF96F" blockId="12.[151,1437,1145,1710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
The collective group
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FE06800E11C6F983" authority="Kozlov, 1988" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="1988" box="[453,740,1577,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FE06800E111BF983" box="[453,569,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Tortricites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC51406FD86800D11C6F983" author="Kozlov, M. V." box="[581,740,1577,1602]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="16 - 69" refId="ref13016" refString="Kozlov, M. V. (1988) Paleontology of lepidopterans and problems of the phylogeny of the order Papilionida. In: Ponomarenko, A. G. (Ed.), The Mesozoic-Cenozoic Crisis in the Evolution of Insects. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 16 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1988">Kozlov, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in accordance with ICZN 4th edition, Article 42.3.1, was described without indicating the
<typeStatus id="54A0F0BCFFC51406FDC7806A1116F9A4" box="[516,564,1614,1638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
species. Later on,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC51406FCC7806910CDF9A4" author="Gilligan, T. M. &amp; Baixeras, J. &amp; Brown, J. W. &amp; Tuck, K. R." box="[772,1007,1613,1638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refId="ref12446" refString="Gilligan, T. M., Baixeras, J., Brown, J. W. &amp; Tuck, K. R. (2014) T @ RTS: Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae. Version. 3.0. Available from: http: // www. tortricid. net / catalogue. asp (accessed 13 June 2017)" type="url" year="2014">
Gilligan
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FCA5806A10B4F9A4" box="[870,918,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FBB2806A16BEF9A4" authority="Kozlov, 1988" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1137,1436,1613,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sadilenkoi">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FBB2806A17DDF9A4" box="[1137,1279,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">T. sadilenkoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFC51406FAC5806916BEF9A4" author="Kozlov, M. V." box="[1286,1436,1613,1638]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="16 - 69" refId="ref13016" refString="Kozlov, M. V. (1988) Paleontology of lepidopterans and problems of the phylogeny of the order Papilionida. In: Ponomarenko, A. G. (Ed.), The Mesozoic-Cenozoic Crisis in the Evolution of Insects. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 16 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1988">Kozlov, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="54A0F0BCFFC51406FF2280561233F948" box="[225,273,1650,1674]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FE5180561126F94B" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="1988" box="[402,516,1650,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FE5180561126F94B" box="[402,516,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Tortricites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, this action is invalid and does not affect the validity of this collective group name,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FEE980B212BCF96F" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="1988" box="[298,414,1686,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FEE980B212BCF96F" box="[298,414,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Tortricites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in spite of the transfer of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FD0580B21077F96C" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="1988" box="[710,853,1685,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sadilenkoi">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FD0580B21077F96C" box="[710,853,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">T. sadilenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into a new collective group,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFC51406FB5880B11654F96C" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2018" box="[1179,1398,1685,1710]" class="Insecta" genus="Paleolepidopterites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96F920CFFC51406FB5880B11654F96C" box="[1179,1398,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Paleolepidopterites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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