394 lines
42 KiB
XML
394 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="8F7C1409754687BFAF1F73BF72BD42ED" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722597584661" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dasanthi, Naduni, Thambugala, Kasun M., Karunarathna, Samantha C., Ediriweera, Aseni, Munasinghe, Helani, Elgorban, Abdallah M., Harischandra, Hiruni & Dharmasena, Buddhika P." docDate="2024" docId="03B28789FFB8E32957ECA479570FF820" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.645.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 645 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Volvariella volvacea Singer 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="206" masterDocId="FF8BFFF1FFB5E3275764A653531FFFAC" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular insights into the hidden edible mushroom diversity in Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="192" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1722802195778" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CD49446F3956DB2117B11C778D2A4DC5">
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<mods:title id="4914F129C343E4F2806814B4BC782BD0">Morphological and molecular insights into the hidden edible mushroom diversity in Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D7A70909D245AF71A42D051CAE1DA989" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="036A23B0800EBDC73CF5DFFFC6F3CF62">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1F00DB51524C6170CD0C79D210F60A18">Dasanthi, Naduni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="053A21CBF185CA4A9E4055F59252225F" type="ORCID">0009-0001-0851-3893</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CBF6737AAB10769375974A0455702BBB">Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5DE4690E53F0BFDCA3B154626C238271" type="email">naduni.dasanthie@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="894F85CC474E32C08ED45246DF1B00BA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DCF2C0A53FBAF59D50D33CE06903188F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A8DF37E482B79723C8B861C904BEB64E">Thambugala, Kasun M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8F3034CA3527A313E3757C20D3F01453">Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka & Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="229C9AE90A9A38AC821FA1B7E54AEDF9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EDA0C73C6DED3FD88F13E68EA3B432C4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D4A95E68E3D645559DDC7B8BBD441222">Karunarathna, Samantha C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4548185357311267B319ED798B99EB7A" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7080-0781</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="20741AA0EF933BB5707145C8C997BE4E">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China & National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantane Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BBD845B451969BA38C74AFCCB59D8CA6" type="email">samanthakarunarathna@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FC2661E00963B968EEE53A9BAEA71DD9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4A7BC0E8294882D4FEF7A12ECF3A2555">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="83F5FA6C83CC159576A47EE25881CF69">Ediriweera, Aseni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="39121BA81BBD155D4F097615CF71347B" type="ORCID">0009-0004-5876-7615</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="06F0C5F96B4A0431DE138C734E09311E">B-Hood Myco-Tropic Innovations, 1 / 9, 1 Lane, Issadeen Town, Matara, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="84B64AF11AA580B051FDAB307572E2AB" type="email">aseniediriweera@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="827522EC2D61CB2431FE9C00BC99FBBF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6BFCAE01EEDC88A85A9FADEDA30BB58B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5D07D15754AE89DC04CB2A086033A593">Munasinghe, Helani</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BC380E0FFB85BA2000D575B10E0FDB2E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7229-4691</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="5C261A5638682677C5D0BA8C12847941">Center for Plant Materials and Herbal Products Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka & Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4CE10731664FDED3EE6E308C75FCE603" type="email">helani@sci.sjp.ac.lk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FF178B406A616A0DE6E18379759C75A6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5325D5F3AD120FB5F8C2A3A5626EDFA8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5C5A0949AE1CB5355CF81AF689ED3F00">Elgorban, Abdallah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E26918060A1F3ED3392FB71EEB7D3F24" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3664-7853</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3FDD0ACC48CDD452BBFBF1014EFD0E40">Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FD6668A435FE9E790DD35DF278077A37" type="email">aelgorban@ksu.edu.sa</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1EB45385AC8C8B7D16B289E7E5A492B2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4A4D58FA94CA40C47BEE81563855F789">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ACC306A0BFE3F1287804CA850AA2AE4A">Harischandra, Hiruni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="919B0D0A5AD922004BFD2D360CE3B61A" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3079-668X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="718D35A2B15FB8FBDF8185448E4A23E6">Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="80BDC3C9D150E8113C8E45C3954BB96E" type="email">hirunih@sci.sjp.ac.lk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B87EFB62EFA99CAFC1215ADD9669E4AB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D4463B3160ED6949214BE2B8ECC76432">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EDC5DB6BB4D48A8060D78CB0EB220EA9">Dharmasena, Buddhika P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="66D048CAA35298C43A7438B3C957BF69">Center for Plant Materials and Herbal Products Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka & Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8498BF795087D43B431E3925945D6FC1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B34CE3E610F645927B6D991C72986968">
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<mods:title id="077F23498BD4D119EE751ABE994144B5">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B34EA7E5594E65311DDA7C666E47FA03">
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<mods:date id="992A86A312B7A9413D531EB4CC642E40">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BF6CCB0F6004DB9B537C468282D07EB9">2024-04-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F6790A73B603E2D5F2DC3E5C78992932" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="523CB06D5391A1946F3089F65EDB7790">645</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="08E13AFFFE2238967419C19CF85ECA01" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="85264231286E53AB3F743F19718A1075">3</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="12F732FD929EC7EC9154690AFDCEE3EB" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="ACD8642F379FF05026392A1D1209BA68">192</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="5AF778C391D595BC6F0F38D119E5DB39">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F1D676D692045BFE41D417CDB76F9D11">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="29F44B2AADF177AB02F768856038C96C" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.645.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6F15C057C726BB915EF3AACD45E7F354" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B28789FFB8E32957ECA479570FF820" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B28789FFB8E32957ECA479570FF820" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B28789FFB8E32957ECA479570FF820" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">
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<subSubSection id="C3016514FFB8E32A57ECA47952B9FDC4" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB8E32A57ECA4795194FDE9" blockId="13.[136,651,554,581]" box="[136,651,554,581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">
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<heading id="D0EC81F3FFB8E32A57ECA4795194FDE9" box="[136,651,554,581]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" reason="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B11B1FFB8E32A57ECA4795194FDE9" box="[136,651,554,581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA108EFFB8E32A57ECA4795194FDE9" author="Singer, R." box="[136,651,554,581]" page=")" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" year="1951">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB8E32A57ECA4795194FDE9" ID-CoL="5BQBX" authority="(Bul.) Singer (1951: 401)" authorityName="Singer" authorityPageNumber="401" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[136,651,554,581]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
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<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A57ECA479526FFDE9" bold="true" box="[136,368,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Volvariella volvacea</emphasis>
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(Bul.)
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFB8E32A56DBA4795194FDE9" author="Singer, R." box="[447,651,554,581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" refId="ref12929" refString="Singer, R. (1951) The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. Lilloa 22: 401." type="journal volume" year="1951">Singer (1951:401)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB8E32A57ECA41D52B9FDC4" blockId="13.[136,422,590,653]" box="[136,422,590,617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Index Fungorum: 307802</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3016514FFB8E32A57ECA4215159FBCC" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB8E32A57ECA4215288FD20" blockId="13.[136,422,590,653]" box="[136,407,626,653]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">
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<figureCitation id="13202A1AFFB8E32A57ECA42153EBFD21" box="[136,244,626,653]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[346,1242,1398,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-425@13.[340,1247,1391,1823]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 15. Volvariella volvacea (Herbarium code: USJ-GMBU-005). a,b. Mature basidiomata in situ. Scale bars = 1.5 cm. Photography by Naduni Dasanthi." pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Figure 15</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="13202A1AFFB8E32A564FA4215288FD20" box="[299,407,626,652]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="14.[136,229,1154,1176]" captionTargetBox="[444,1138,258,1058]" captionTargetId="figure-18@14.[431,1157,249,1075]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 16. Volvariella volvacea (Herbarium code: USJ-GMBU-005). a. Basidiospore. b. Basidia. c. Pleurocystidia. d. Cheilocystidia. e. Pileipellis terminal elements. Scale bars: a, b = 5 µm; c,d,e = 10 µm. Illustration by Aseni Ediriweera." pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Figure 16</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB8E32A57ECA4E95164FC7C" blockId="13.[136,1452,698,1337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">
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<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A57ECA4E95209FD78" box="[136,278,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Basidiomata</emphasis>
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small to medium.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB8E32A5687A4E95136FD78" authorityName="Desor" authorityYear="1857" box="[483,553,698,724]" class="Echinoidea" family="Anorthopygidae" genus="Pileus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holectypoida" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A5687A4E95136FD78" box="[483,553,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Pileus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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convex when young, broadly convex at maturity,
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<quantity id="4CE39B7AFFB8E32A5337A4E957D4FD79" box="[1107,1227,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="60.0">60–65 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter, surface smooth, finely velutinous, yellowish grey (3B2) to sand brown (4B3), or beige (4C3), non-hygrophanous, center brown (6E5) to greyish brown (6E3), umbonate, margin eroded, sand brown (4B3) to beige (4C3), thin, slightly decurved to straight, context soft, white (4A1) to light yellow (4A5).
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<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A5468A575506BFCEC" box="[780,884,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Lamellae</emphasis>
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||
free, crowded, ventricose, thin, soft, orange white (6A2) turning pinkish white (7A2) or light orange with maturity, edge fimbriate, concolourous with faces; lamellulae present in two to three tiers.
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<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A56ADA53C511EFC25" box="[457,513,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Stipe</emphasis>
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||
<quantity id="4CE39B7AFFB8E32A556CA53D516EFC25" box="[520,625,878,905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" unit="cm" value="7.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.0">7–7.5 cm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CE39B7AFFB8E32A55DCA53D503FFC25" box="[696,800,878,905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 cm</quantity>
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wide, central, equal, flexuous, grey (6B1) to light yellow, entirely pubescent; context white (4A1) to brownish yellow (4A5);
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<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A5411A5C150D1FC00" box="[885,974,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">annulus</emphasis>
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absent.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB8E32A534CA5C15779FC00" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[1064,1126,914,940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ovulidae" genus="Volva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A534CA5C15779FC00" box="[1064,1126,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Volva</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<quantity id="4CE39B7AFFB8E32A5309A5C157BCFC01" box="[1133,1187,914,941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
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high, moderately thick, saccate, light brown to greyish brown (6E3).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB8E32A57D9A5895159FBCC" blockId="13.[136,1452,698,1337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A57D9A5895244FC58" box="[189,347,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Basidiospores</emphasis>
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||
6–9.2 × 4.5–5.4 μm, ellipsoid to elongate, thick-walled, hyaline.
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<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A53E0A58957C5FC58" box="[1156,1242,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Basidia</emphasis>
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31–35 × 7.3–9.0 µm, broadly clavate, hyaline, 4-spored.
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<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A5505A5AD501CFBB4" box="[609,771,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
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40–110 × 15–30 μm, clavate to lageniform, thin-walled, hyaline.
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<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A578CA2715295FB90" box="[232,394,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
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40–70 × 10–15 μm, clavate to broadly lageniform, thin-walled, hyaline.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A53D8A2715623FB90" box="[1212,1340,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
|
||
is a cutis, 20–55 × 6–12 µm of terminal elements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016514FFB8E32A57D9A23953ECFB60" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB8E32A57D9A23953ECFB60" blockId="13.[136,1452,698,1337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A57D9A2395113FB28" bold="true" box="[189,524,1130,1156]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Ecology and distribution:—</emphasis>
|
||
It grows solitary on paddy straw with moisture.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB8E32A534DA2395610FB28" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[1065,1295,1130,1156]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A534DA2395610FB28" box="[1065,1295,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Volvariella volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported to be from tropical and subtropical regions,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A5534A2DC5169FB04" box="[592,630,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">viz.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB8E32A551FA2DD51DEFB04" box="[635,705,1166,1192]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB8E32A55AFA2DD5018FB04" box="[715,775,1166,1192]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB8E32A5475A2DD509EFB04" box="[785,897,1166,1192]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB8E32A54EFA2DD570BFB04" box="[907,1044,1166,1192]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB8E32A537AA2DD576AFB04" box="[1054,1141,1166,1192]" name="Nigeria" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB8E32A531BA2DD561FFB04" box="[1151,1280,1166,1192]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB8E32A526EA2DD5666FB04" box="[1290,1401,1166,1192]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB8E32A57ECA2E153F0FB60" box="[136,239,1202,1228]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016514FFB8E32957D9A285570FF820" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB8E32A57D9A28552B3FA95" blockId="13.[136,1452,698,1337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A57D9A28552D4FB5C" bold="true" box="[189,459,1238,1264]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Material examined:—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFB8E32A56AFA285515DFB5C" box="[459,578,1238,1264]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DFF87DFFB8E32A5536A285506EFB5C" box="[594,881,1238,1264]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Sabaragamuwa" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Sabaragamuwa Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Rathnapura District, Balangoda,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F5058FFB8E32A5266A28556B4FB5D" box="[1282,1451,1238,1265]" degrees="80" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="46.35" value="80.74621">80°44’46.35”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2F5058FFB8E32A57ECA2A95236FAB9" box="[136,297,1274,1301]" degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="13.58" value="6.6871057">6°41’13.58”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFA5105FFFB8E32A5652A2A9513CFAB8" box="[310,547,1274,1300]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" value="2022-09-30">
|
||
30
|
||
<superScript id="7C6E9BD7FFB8E32A5636A2A95240FAA4" attach="left" box="[338,351,1274,1288]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">th</superScript>
|
||
September 2022
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Naduni Dasanthi, GenBank accession number: OR139837, Specimen number: RH32 (USJ-GMBU-005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF646617FFB8E32A57ECA1685250F8D9" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" startId="13.[136,229,1851,1873]" targetBox="[346,1242,1398,1817]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFB8E32A57ECA1685250F8D9" blockId="13.[136,1452,1851,1909]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A57ECA1685216F8FC" bold="true" box="[136,265,1851,1873]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFB8E32A5669A16852CEF8FC" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[269,465,1851,1872]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="13" pageNumber="205" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A5669A16852CEF8FC" box="[269,465,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">Volvariella volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Herbarium code: USJ-GMBU-005).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A545FA168507FF8FC" bold="true" box="[827,864,1851,1872]" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">a,b.</emphasis>
|
||
Mature basidiomata
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFB8E32A534CA16F577CF8FD" box="[1064,1123,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="205">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
. Scale bars = 1.5 cm. Photography by Naduni Dasanthi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF646617FFBBE32957ECA2D1576DFB10" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" startId="14.[136,229,1154,1176]" targetBox="[444,1138,258,1058]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFBBE32957ECA2D1576DFB10" blockId="14.[136,1453,1154,1212]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32957ECA2D15215FB3B" bold="true" box="[136,266,1154,1176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295674A2D152CAFB3B" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[272,469,1154,1175]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295674A2D152CAFB3B" box="[272,469,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Volvariella volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Herbarium code: USJ-GMBU-005).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295420A2D15048FB3B" bold="true" box="[836,855,1154,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Basidiospore.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295482A2D150E5FB3B" bold="true" box="[998,1018,1154,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Basidia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295330A2D1577AFB3B" bold="true" box="[1108,1125,1154,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Pleurocystidia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295265A2D1560AFB3B" bold="true" box="[1281,1301,1154,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">d.</emphasis>
|
||
Cheilocystidia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32957ECA2F55386FB17" bold="true" box="[136,153,1190,1211]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">e.</emphasis>
|
||
Pileipellis terminal elements. Scale bars: a, b = 5 µm; c,d,e = 10 µm. Illustration by Aseni Ediriweera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFBBE32957ECA2B9513FFAA8" blockId="14.[136,544,1258,1284]" box="[136,544,1258,1284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">
|
||
Phylogenetic analyses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE32956C1A2B9513FFAA8" box="[421,544,1258,1284]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32956C1A2B9513FFAA8" box="[421,544,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Volvariella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFBBE32957ECA3615601F9E4" blockId="14.[136,1452,1330,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">
|
||
A total of 59 sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE32956BAA36151A7FAE0" box="[478,696,1330,1356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32956BAA3615146FAE0" box="[478,601,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Volvariella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were used in phylogenetic analyses.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE32953E0A361566AFAE0" box="[1156,1397,1330,1356]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cantharocybe" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="virosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32953E0A361566AFAE0" box="[1156,1397,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Cantharocybe virosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE32957ECA30552BCFADC" box="[136,419,1366,1392]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Cuphophyllus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="yacurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32957ECA30552BCFADC" box="[136,419,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Cuphophyllus yacurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were chosen as the outgroup taxa for the phylogenetic tree. Phylogeny proved the identity of the specimen RH32 (USJ-GMBU-005) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE32955E6A328501DFA38" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[642,770,1402,1428]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32955E6A328501DFA38" box="[642,770,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as it clustered with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295486A328577DFA38" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[994,1122,1402,1428]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295486A328577DFA38" box="[994,1122,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in clade F (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13202A1AFFBBE3295381A3295649FA38" box="[1253,1366,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-26@15.[151,1436,187,1890]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 17. A phylogenetic tree for ITS sequences was constructed using maximum likelihood (ML) analysis for the genus Volvariella. The newly generated strain is in red. ML bootstrap values are given at the nodes. Bootstrap support values equal to or higher than 70% are provided. The tree is rooted with Cantharocybe virosa and Cuphophyllus yacurensis." pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the phylogenetic tree, the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE32956B9A3CC5142FA14" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[477,605,1438,1464]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32956B9A3CC5142FA14" box="[477,605,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms a single major clade (Clade F) with a bootstrap value of 93% to the sister taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295674A3905298FA70" box="[272,391,1474,1500]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="diplasia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295674A3905298FA70" box="[272,391,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. diplasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE5AFFBBE32956F2A39152DAFA71" box="[406,453,1474,1501]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">MH</collectionCode>
|
||
858454). In clade F, the collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295420A39050DAFA70" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[836,965,1474,1500]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295420A39050DAFA70" box="[836,965,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR139837; USJ-GMBU-005) occurs as a sister taxon to the subclade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295526A3B451DDF9AC" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[578,706,1510,1536]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295526A3B451DDF9AC" box="[578,706,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KT899356;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE5AFFBBE3295438A3B55066F9AC" box="[860,889,1510,1536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">IR</collectionCode>
|
||
0031),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE32954ADA3B45756F9AC" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[969,1097,1510,1536]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32954ADA3B45756F9AC" box="[969,1097,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE5AFFBBE329533DA3B55797F9AC" box="[1113,1160,1510,1536]" country="0" name="Hastings Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">HM</collectionCode>
|
||
367073;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0AAE5AFFBBE329538FA3B5563FF9AC" box="[1259,1312,1510,1536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">NIH</collectionCode>
|
||
1001) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE32952F3A3B453F3F988" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32952F3A3B453F3F988" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AY632077; OE-55) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE3295578A0585153F989" box="[540,588,1547,1573]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE3295533A059518DF988" box="[599,658,1546,1572]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE32955A8A0595019F988" box="[716,774,1546,1572]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
respectively with a bootstrap value less than 70% indicating poor branch support. This is the first study on the molecular characterization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295362A07C579AF9E4" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[1030,1157,1582,1608]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295362A07C579AF9E4" box="[1030,1157,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE32953CDA07D5605F9E4" box="[1193,1306,1582,1608]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA4369FFFBBE32957D9A001570FF820" blockId="14.[136,1452,1330,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32957D9A0015239F9C0" bold="true" box="[189,294,1618,1644]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Notes:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295642A001510FF9C0" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[294,528,1618,1644]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295642A001510FF9C0" box="[294,528,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Volvariella volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE3295256A00156B8F9C0" box="[1330,1447,1618,1644]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE32957ECA02553DBF93C" box="[136,196,1654,1680]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE32957B2A0255203F93C" box="[214,284,1654,1680]" name="China" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE3295649A025528CF93C" box="[301,403,1654,1680]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE32956C0A025513AF93C" box="[420,549,1654,1680]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE3295553A02551B8F93C" box="[567,679,1654,1680]" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE32955DCA025505EF93C" box="[696,833,1654,1680]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE32954ECA02550C3F93C" box="[904,988,1654,1680]" name="Nigeria" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFBBE3295495A02557EDF93C" author="Coomaraswamy, U." box="[1009,1266,1654,1680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" refId="ref9713" refString="Coomaraswamy, U. (1979) A Handbook to the Agarics of Sri Lanka. MAB-UNESCO Publication No. 5. National Science Council. Sri Lanka, 61 pp." type="book" year="1979">Coomaraswamy 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE3295254A02556B8F93C" box="[1328,1447,1654,1680]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, morphological characterization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295572A0C85185F918" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[534,666,1690,1716]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295572A0C85185F918" box="[534,666,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was done by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFBBE3295427A0C950FDF918" author="Pegler, D. N." box="[835,994,1690,1716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" refId="ref12225" refString="Pegler, D. N. (1986) Agaric flora in Sri Lanka. Kew Royal Botanical Gardens. London, 519 pp." type="book" year="1986">Pegler (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but the current work is the first study conducted on molecular characterization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295516A0EC51EEF974" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[626,753,1726,1752]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295516A0EC51EEF974" box="[626,753,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE3295470A0ED509AF974" box="[788,901,1726,1752]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Currently, commercial cultivation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295249A0EC56B3F974" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[1325,1452,1726,1752]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295249A0EC56B3F974" box="[1325,1452,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be seen in Asian countries such as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE329554AA0B1516BF950" box="[558,628,1762,1788]" name="China" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE3295519A0B151A6F950" box="[637,697,1762,1788]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE329558FA0B15073F950" box="[747,876,1762,1788]" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE32954C6A0B15719F950" box="[930,1030,1762,1788]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFBBE3295377A0B157BCF950" author="Kumla, J. & Suwannarach, N. & Wannathes, N. & Lumyong, S." box="[1043,1187,1762,1788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" refId="ref11396" refString="Kumla, J., Suwannarach, N., Wannathes, N. & Lumyong, S. (2022) Survey of Volvariella (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) including Two New Species, V. neovolvacea and V. thailandensis, from Northern Thailand. Diversity 14 (3): 161. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 14030161" type="journal volume" year="2022">Kumla 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE329524AA0B056B3F950" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[1326,1452,1762,1788]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE329524AA0B056B3F950" box="[1326,1452,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">V. volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is commercially grown in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C760FFFBBE32956C8A1555103F88C" box="[428,540,1798,1824]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and several studies have been undertaken to enhance cultivation methods for this mushroom species in the country (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFBBE3295573A17951CFF8E8" author="Rajapakse, P." box="[535,720,1834,1860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" pagination="446 - 451" refId="ref12424" refString="Rajapakse, P. (2011) New cultivation technology for paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea). Proceedings of the 7 th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP 7) 1: 446 - 451." type="journal article" year="2011">Rajapakse 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFBBE32955BAA17950CEF8E8" author="Nissanka, A. S. & Rajapaksha, P. & Rathnayake, R. H. M. K." box="[734,977,1834,1860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" refId="ref11975" refString="Nissanka, A. S., Rajapaksha, P. & Rathnayake, R. H. M. K. (2013) Development of new cultivation technology for straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) using locally available raw meterials. Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium, Sri Lanka. https: // doi. org / 10.31357 / fesympo. v 0 i 0.1735" type="proceedings paper" year="2013">
|
||
Nissanka
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE329542BA1785095F8E8" box="[847,906,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B4D1CFFBBE3295482A17957D0F8E8" authorityName="Singer" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName="Bul." box="[998,1231,1834,1860]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pluteaceae" genus="Volvariella" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="volvacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE3295482A17957D0F8E8" box="[998,1231,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">Volvariella volvacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a rich source of proteins, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other bioactive compounds that have anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A4B6EFFBBE3295449A121571BF820" author="Wasule, D. L. & Gaharwar, A. M. & Shingote, P. R. & Rathod, D. R." box="[813,1028,1906,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="206" refId="ref13538" refString="Wasule, D. L., Gaharwar, A. M., Shingote, P. R. & Rathod, D. R. (2023) Paddy Straw Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea). In: Pandita, D. & Pandita, A. (Eds.) Mushrooms: Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. CRC Press, 17 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003322238 - 22" type="book" year="2023">
|
||
Wasule
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FEA8DFFBBE32954ECA12050DFF820" box="[904,960,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |