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<document id="A3BCF28DDA05EA660E4DD661B6BA6026" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.175351" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06fecdc2-6e9e-44d1-9956-13f1841889f3" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="175351" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459805995640" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Meegaskumbura, Madhava, Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum, Schneider, Christopher J. &amp; Pethiyagoda, And Rohan" docDate="2007" docId="038587AA0C23AE2FFF0FFC5FF1D86C1F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01397p015.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1397" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Philautus pardus Meegaskumbura, Manamendra-Arachchi, Schneider &amp; Pethiyagoda, 2007, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFBCFFD20C21AE2AFF98FFD5F064695C" masterDocTitle="New species amongst Sri Lankas extinct shrub frogs (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae: Philautus)" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698220556583" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A3DEB95C774FD35BD01C3B0B2799248D">New species amongst Sri Lankas extinct shrub frogs (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae: Philautus)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E85553C335A4DB3ACE0EEE61752DF5E5">Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="369C7E321564980C362F991556EE031A">Schneider, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0292A7249BBEDD8A987305B824191A9E">Pethiyagoda, And Rohan</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038587AA0C23AE2FFF0FFC5FF1D86C1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689069" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119352972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587AA0C23AE2FFF0FFC5FF1D86C1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587AA0C23AE2FFF0FFC5FF1D86C1F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C33665370C23AE28FF0FFC5FF0996A9B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C23AE28FF0FFC5FF1996AF8" blockId="2.[151,509,906,967]" box="[151,509,906,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0DB81D00C23AE28FF0FFC5FF1996AF8" bold="true" box="[151,509,906,932]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C23AE28FF0FFC5FF1996AF8" bold="true" box="[151,509,906,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C23AE28FF0FFC5FF1026AF8" ID-CoL="4G5JV" box="[151,358,906,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C23AE28FF0FFC5FF1026AF8" bold="true" box="[151,358,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Philautus pardus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26B57D50C23AE28FEF6FC5FF1996AF8" box="[366,509,906,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C23AE28FF0FFC78F0996A9B" blockId="2.[151,509,906,967]" box="[151,253,941,967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<figureCitation id="13172A390C23AE28FF0FFC78F0846A9B" box="[151,224,941,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,254,1877,1901]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,1223,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,1223,1855]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype female of Philautus pardus, 32.1 mm SVL, BMNH 1947.2. 7.96. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175352/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A390C23AE28FF76FC78F0996A9B" box="[238,253,941,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,254,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[310,1302,223,1174]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1322,184,1204]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype female of Philautus pardus, 32.1 mm SVL, BMNH 1947.2. 7.96. A. Lateral view of head. B. Dorsal view of head. C. Left hand. D. Left foot. E. Diagrammatic representation of left­foot webbing. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175353/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C23AE28FF0FFC28F2C96D3B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<table id="F92CC41C0C2351D5FF0FFC28F5FF6D3B" box="[151,1435,1021,1127]" gridcols="9" gridrows="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<tr id="351C34FE0C2351D5FF0FFC28F5FF6D4B" box="[151,1435,1021,1047]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="76CD5D820C2351D5FF0FFC28F37D6D4B" box="[151,793,1021,1047]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351C34FE0C2351D5FF0FFBF0F5FF6D63" box="[151,1435,1061,1087]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th id="76CD5D820C2351D5FF0FFBF0F37D6D63" box="[151,793,1061,1087]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Adult female, 32.1 mm SVL, BMNH 1947.2.7.96,</th>
<td id="76CD5D820C2351D5FCBAFBF0F3126D63" box="[802,886,1061,1087]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ceylon</td>
<td id="76CD5D820C2351D5FCE6FBF0F3CE6D63" box="[894,938,1061,1087]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">[Sri</td>
<td id="76CD5D820C2351D5FC2AFBF0F4686D63" box="[946,1036,1061,1087]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lanka],</td>
<td id="76CD5D820C2351D5FB8CFBF0F4456D63" box="[1044,1057,1061,1087]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">a</td>
<td id="76CD5D820C2351D5FBB1FBF0F4A36D63" box="[1065,1223,1061,1087]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">paralectotype</td>
<td id="76CD5D820C2351D5FB56FBF0F4826D63" box="[1230,1254,1061,1087]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">of</td>
<td id="76CD5D820C2351D5FB76FBF0F5526D63" box="[1262,1334,1061,1087]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C23AE28FB76FBF0F5526D62" box="[1262,1334,1061,1086]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Ixalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C23AE28FB76FBF0F5526D62" box="[1262,1334,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ixalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<tr id="351C34FE0C2351D5FF0FFB98F5FF6D3B" box="[151,1435,1101,1127]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="76CD5D820C2351D5FF0FFB98F37D6D3B" box="[151,793,1101,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<td id="76CD5D820C2351D5FAA5FBF0F5FF6D63" box="[1341,1435,1061,1087]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C23AE28FAA5FBF0F0D76D3A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">variabilis</emphasis>
</td>
Günther, 1859; provenance, H.H. Cuming.
</th>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5366340C23AE28FF0FF880F5F26E30" box="[151,1430,1877,1901]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175352/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[264,1323,1223,1854]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C23AE28FF0FF880F5F26E30" blockId="2.[151,1430,1877,1901]" box="[151,1430,1877,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C23AE28FF0FF880F17C6E31" bold="true" box="[151,280,1877,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Holotype female of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C23AE28FE6CF880F2CE6E30" box="[500,682,1877,1900]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C23AE28FE6CF880F2CE6E30" box="[500,682,1877,1900]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Philautus pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 32.1 mm SVL, BMNH 1947.2.7.96. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5366340C22AE29FF0FFB1EF51A6C59" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175353/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[310,1302,223,1174]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C22AE29FF0FFB1EF51A6C59" blockId="3.[151,1435,1227,1285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C22AE29FF0FFB1EF17C6DBF" bold="true" box="[151,280,1227,1251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Holotype female of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C22AE29FE6DFB19F2CF6DBF" box="[501,683,1228,1251]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C22AE29FE6DFB19F2CF6DBF" box="[501,683,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Philautus pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 32.1 mm SVL, BMNH 1947.2.7.96. A. Lateral view of head. B. Dorsal view of head. C. Left hand. D. Left foot. E. Diagrammatic representation of left­foot webbing. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33665370C22AE2EFF0FFAE9F2606EE3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C22AE29FF0FFAE9F17D6C0A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1340,1446]" box="[151,281,1340,1366]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C22AE29FF5EFAB1F3486CFA" blockId="3.[151,1436,1340,1446]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">The species epithet is the Latinised form of pardos, Greek for leopard, applied here as a noun in apposition; it alludes to the leopard­like coloration of this frog.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C22AE29FF0FFA31F1686CA2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1508,1694]" box="[151,268,1508,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C22AE29FF5EF9D9F1066FC2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1508,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C22AE29FF5EF9D9F1EA6F79" box="[198,398,1548,1573]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C22AE29FF5EF9D9F1EA6F79" box="[198,398,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Philautus pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all other Sri Lankan species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C22AE29FB9EF9D9F4136F79" box="[1030,1143,1548,1573]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C22AE29FB9EF9D9F4136F79" box="[1030,1143,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Philautus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: (1) distinctive colour pattern, comprising of dark spots on the head and dorsum; (2) angle of snout ~110º in dorsal aspect; (3) absence of a vomerine ridge, calcar, lingual papilla and lateral dermal fringe on fingers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C22AE29FF0FF90CF1BD6FAF" blockId="3.[151,1439,1753,2019]" box="[151,473,1753,1779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="5497881E0C22AE29FEEAF90CF1BD6FAF" box="[370,473,1753,1779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C22AE2EFF5EF8D4F1E46986" blockId="3.[151,1439,1753,2019]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,578]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
(See
<figureCitation id="13172A390C22AE29FE9BF8D4F1306E47" box="[259,340,1793,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,254,1877,1901]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,1223,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,1223,1855]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype female of Philautus pardus, 32.1 mm SVL, BMNH 1947.2. 7.96. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175352/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A390C22AE29FEFCF8D4F1116E47" box="[356,373,1793,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,254,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[310,1302,223,1174]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1322,184,1204]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype female of Philautus pardus, 32.1 mm SVL, BMNH 1947.2. 7.96. A. Lateral view of head. B. Dorsal view of head. C. Left hand. D. Left foot. E. Diagrammatic representation of left­foot webbing. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175353/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</figureCitation>
.) Mature female,
<quantity id="4CD49B590C22AE29FDD2F8D4F2D06E47" box="[586,692,1793,1819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="32.1">32.1 mm</quantity>
SVL. Body stout. Head dorsally convex; snout rounded in lateral aspect, its angle about 110º in dorsal aspect; canthal edges indistinct; loreal region flat; interorbital space flat; internasal space concave; tympanum oval, vertical; pineal ocellus, vomerine ridge, cephalic ridges, calcar, lingual papilla and co­ossified skin on skull absent. Supratympanic fold indistinct. Lateral dermal fringe on fingers absent. Webbing present on toes (see
<figureCitation id="13172A390C22AE29FD52F874F3746EE7" box="[714,784,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,254,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[310,1302,223,1174]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1322,184,1204]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype female of Philautus pardus, 32.1 mm SVL, BMNH 1947.2. 7.96. A. Lateral view of head. B. Dorsal view of head. C. Left hand. D. Left foot. E. Diagrammatic representation of left­foot webbing. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175353/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E). Tarsal folds absent. Snout, interorbital space, side of head and dorsum smooth; both upper and lower flanks granular; dorsal part of forelimb, thigh, shank and foot smooth; granules on throat smooth, those on chest, belly and underside of thigh rough. Inner vocal slits and nuptial pads absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C25AE2EFF5EFF3DF28368FE" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Colour in preservative: Dorsum yellowish brown, scattered with distinct, dark­brown spots of diameter about ¼–¾ that of eye, some of them coalesced to form larger blotches (see
<figureCitation id="13172A390C25AE2EFBA8FEC5F4126876" box="[1072,1142,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,254,1877,1901]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,1223,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1323,1223,1855]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype female of Philautus pardus, 32.1 mm SVL, BMNH 1947.2. 7.96. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175352/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Spots extend on to the head, femur, inguinal zone, tibia, tarsus (absent on hands and feet) and sides to the mid­lateral fold. Upper lip yellow. Posterior part of thigh yellow to ashy brown with dark­brown spots. Venter a uniform dull yellow, slightly lighter than background colour of dorsum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C25AE2EFF5EFE65F53A6B1E" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Measurements of
<typeStatus id="5497881E0C25AE2EFE04FE65F2666896" box="[412,514,432,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(BMNH 1947.2.7.96, in mm): DBE, 12.1; DFE, 6.5; DL, 1.4; DW, 1.7, ED, 4.7; EN, 3.0; ES, 5.1; FEL, 16.1; FL I, 2.5; FL II, 3.2; FL III, 5.3; FL IV, 4.0; FOL, 21.1; HL, 12.9; HW, 14.1; IML, 1.4; IN, 3.2; IO, 3.8; LAL, 6.6; MBE, 4.7; MFE, 8.7; MN, 11.3; NS, 2.2; PAL, 9.0; SVL, 32.1; TBL, 15.8; TL I, 2.3; TL II, 2.8; TL III, 4.6; TL IV, 6.5, TL V, 4.6;
<collectingCountry id="F33B762C0C25AE2EFCFDFDFDF3C06B1E" box="[869,932,552,578]" name="Chad" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TYD</collectingCountry>
, 1.2; TYE, 1.8; UAW, 5.6; UEW, 2.4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C25AE2EFF0FFDA8F09B6BCB" blockId="4.[151,1437,637,1983]" box="[151,255,637,663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C25AE2EFF5EFD70F2276AA3" blockId="4.[151,1437,637,1983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The key of Manamendra­Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005) refers
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFC41FD70F4236BE2" box="[985,1095,677,702]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFC41FD70F4236BE2" box="[985,1095,677,702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFBE8FD70F4856BE2" box="[1136,1249,677,702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFBE8FD70F4B86BE2" box="[1136,1244,677,702]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">P. viridis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
while the diagnoses of Meegaskumbura and Manamendra­Arachchi (2005) affine it to
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFB91FD18F4126BBA" box="[1033,1142,717,742]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuarti">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFB91FD18F4126BBA" box="[1033,1142,717,742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. stuarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It can be distinguished morphologically from these two species, however, by the dorsal colour pattern in preserved specimens of distinct dark spots (
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFEF4FCC8F1E06A6A" box="[364,388,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
uniform brown); having the loreal region flat (
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFC40FCC8F3946A6A" box="[984,1008,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
concave); possessing an indistinct supratympanic fold (
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFE15FC90F1C16A02" box="[397,421,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
distinct); and the absence of a lateral dermal fringe on fingers (
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFB02FC90F4D66A02" box="[1178,1202,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
present). The
<typeStatus id="5497881E0C25AE2EFAC6FC90F0AE6ADB" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFF69FCB8F13A6ADA" box="[241,350,877,902]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFF69FCB8F13A6ADA" box="[241,350,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a
<typeStatus id="5497881E0C25AE2EFE0FFCB8F2516ADB" box="[407,565,877,903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFDC5FCB8F28F6ADA" box="[605,747,877,902]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFDC5FCB8F28F6ADA" box="[605,747,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="5497881E0C25AE2EFD63FCB8F34B6ADB" box="[763,815,877,903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F33B762C0C25AE2EFC07FCB8F4736ADB" box="[927,1047,877,903]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
). It is distinguished from
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFADDFCB8F0BC6AF2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. v a r i ­ abilis</emphasis>
, however, by having the snout rounded in lateral view (
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFC00FC40F3D56AF2" box="[920,945,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
truncate in
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFBD3FC40F4B86AF2" box="[1099,1244,917,942]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFBD3FC40F4B86AF2" box="[1099,1244,917,942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), head dorsally convex (
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFF64FC68F1706A8A" box="[252,276,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
flat), loreal region flat (
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFDB4FC68F2216A8A" box="[556,581,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
concave), supratympanic fold indistinct (
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFBB1FC68F4266A8A" box="[1065,1090,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
distinct), and a lateral dermal fringe present on fingers (
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFE5FFC30F1846AA2" box="[455,480,997,1022]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs</emphasis>
absent).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C25AE2EFF5EFBD8F2B86F5B" blockId="4.[151,1437,637,1983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFF5EFBD8F1F56D7A" box="[198,401,1037,1062]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFF5EFBD8F1F56D7A" box="[198,401,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Philautus pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also separates well from
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFD5CFBD8F3376D7A" box="[708,851,1037,1062]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFD5CFBD8F3376D7A" box="[708,851,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFCFCFBD8F3AA6D7A" box="[868,974,1037,1062]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFCFCFBD8F3AA6D7A" box="[868,974,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFB93FBD8F4126D7A" box="[1035,1142,1037,1062]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuarti">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFB93FBD8F4126D7A" box="[1035,1142,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. stuarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in morphological space. Principal components analysis (
<figureCitation id="13172A390C25AE2EFD8BFBE0F2166D13" box="[531,626,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="5.[151,254,702,726]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,197,675]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[266,1320,197,675]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. Factor scores (no rotation) of principal components analysis of mensural data of Philautus pardus (square), P. viridis (rhombus), P. stuarti (star), and P. variabilis (circle) (females represented by open symbols, males by solid symbols). B. Canonical variables plot of discriminant function analysis of size­adjusted residuals (the 95 % confidence ellipses are centered on the centroid of each species)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175354/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) shows that the four species are distinguished by a combination of body size, internarial distance, fourth­toe length, interorbital width, palm length and third­finger length. The PC(1) axis, which explains 87 % of the variance, is a size axis (snoutvent length loads most heavily and fourth­toe length least heavily, but all variables have high, positive loadings on this axis; component loadings range from 0.8580.980, suggesting that the variation relates mostly to size). The PC(2) axis represents 4 % of the variance, with internarial distance, fourth­toe length, interorbital distance, palm length, and third­finger length contributing most heavily. While interorbital width and internarial distance load positively, the other variables load negatively (component loadings 0.3020.363). All four species separate well on the PC(1) axis,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFF0FFAA0F1406CD2" box="[151,292,1397,1422]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFF0FFAA0F1406CD2" box="[151,292,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being the largest and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFDB2FAA0F2F06CD2" box="[554,660,1397,1422]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuarti">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFDB2FAA0F2F06CD2" box="[554,660,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. stuarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the smallest. While the new species also separates from the other three on the PC(2) axis,
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFE2CFA48F2DD6CEA" box="[436,697,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFE2CFA48F2276CEA" box="[436,579,1437,1462]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">P. variabilis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFDD7FA48F2DD6CEA" box="[591,697,1437,1462]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuarti">P. stuarti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFD69FA48F3326CEA" box="[753,854,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. v i r i d i s</emphasis>
almost completely overlap.
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFB3DFA48F5096CEA" box="[1189,1389,1437,1462]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFB3DFA48F5096CEA" box="[1189,1389,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Philautus pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a relatively greater internarial distance and interorbital diameter, but relatively shorter palm, fingers and toes compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFEA8FA38F1D96F5A" box="[304,445,1517,1542]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFEA8FA38F1D96F5A" box="[304,445,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFE54FA38F2546F5A" box="[460,560,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. v i r i d i s</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFDF4FA38F2B56F5A" box="[620,721,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. s t u a r t i</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C25AE2EFF5EF9C0F2606EE3" blockId="4.[151,1437,637,1983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The size­adjusted DFA (
<figureCitation id="13172A390C25AE2EFE72F9C0F2556F73" box="[490,561,1557,1583]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="5.[151,254,702,726]" captionTargetBox="[266,1320,197,675]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[266,1320,197,675]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. Factor scores (no rotation) of principal components analysis of mensural data of Philautus pardus (square), P. viridis (rhombus), P. stuarti (star), and P. variabilis (circle) (females represented by open symbols, males by solid symbols). B. Canonical variables plot of discriminant function analysis of size­adjusted residuals (the 95 % confidence ellipses are centered on the centroid of each species)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175354/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B) shows
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFD33F9C0F37E6F72" box="[683,794,1557,1582]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFD33F9C0F37E6F72" box="[683,794,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be clearly distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFBFCF9C0F4AA6F72" box="[1124,1230,1557,1582]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFBFCF9C0F4AA6F72" box="[1124,1230,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFB46F9C0F52E6F72" box="[1246,1354,1557,1582]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuarti">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFB46F9C0F52E6F72" box="[1246,1354,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. stuarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFA1EF9C0F1636F0A" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFA1EF9C0F1636F0A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The analysis correctly classified 100 % of each of the four species (Wilks lambda 0.001, p = 0.5). The first canonical variable best discriminates between the groups and accounts for 69 % of the total dispersion (eigenvalue 51.64), while the second variable accounts for 29 % (eigenvalue 22.32). In the canonical variables plot, the centroids are (2.307, ­3.655) for
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFD76F960F3326F92" box="[750,854,1717,1742]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFD76F960F3326F92" box="[750,854,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (­3.039, 2.944) for
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFBDDF960F4CB6F92" box="[1093,1199,1717,1742]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuarti">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFBDDF960F4CB6F92" box="[1093,1199,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. stuarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (15.183, 1.728) for
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFF0FF908F14E6FAA" box="[151,298,1757,1782]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFF0FF908F14E6FAA" box="[151,298,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and (14.230, 9.134) for
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C25AE2EFDE8F908F2876FAA" box="[624,739,1757,1782]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C25AE2EFDE8F908F2876FAA" box="[624,739,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The first canonical variable represents mostly distance between back of eyes (standardized canonical discriminant function, SCDF, 8.070), distance between front of eyes (SCDF ­7.352), head length (SCDF 3.376), head width (SCDF 2. 517), internarial distance (SCDF ­ 2.333) and eye­to­snout distance (SCDF ­2.231). The second represents mostly distance between front of eyes (SCDF ­4.528), head width (SCDF 4.230), eye­to­snout distance (SCDF 2.901), eye diameter (SCDF ­2.878), and foot length (SCDF 2. 530).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5366340C24AE2FFF0FFD6BF3776A61" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[266,1320,197,675]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C24AE2FFF0FFD6BF3776A61" blockId="5.[151,1436,702,829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFF0FFD6BF1796B8A" bold="true" box="[151,285,702,726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
A. Factor scores (no rotation) of principal components analysis of mensural data of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C24AE2FFB79FD6BF5F86B89" box="[1249,1436,702,725]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFB79FD6BF5F86B89" box="[1249,1436,702,725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Philautus pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(square),
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C24AE2FFF64FD34F13E6BA4" box="[252,346,737,760]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFF64FD34F13E6BA4" box="[252,346,737,760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(rhombus),
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C24AE2FFE46FD34F25B6BA4" box="[478,575,737,760]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stuarti">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFE46FD34F25B6BA4" box="[478,575,737,760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. stuarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(star), and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C24AE2FFD21FD34F35D6BA4" box="[697,825,737,760]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFD21FD34F35D6BA4" box="[697,825,737,760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circle) (females represented by open symbols, males by solid symbols). B. Canonical variables plot of discriminant function analysis of size­adjusted residuals (the 95% confidence ellipses are centered on the centroid of each species).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33665370C24AE2FFF5EFCA4F1196D97" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C24AE2FFF5EFCA4F3E26D27" blockId="5.[151,1436,881,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C24AE2FFF5EFCA4F1D66AD6" ID-CoL="4G5M2" box="[198,434,881,906]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFF5EFCA4F1D66AD6" box="[198,434,881,906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Philautus variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has long been a catchall taxon for difficult­to­identify
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C24AE2FFBCCFCA4F4A16AD6" ID-CoL="6NC8" box="[1108,1221,881,906]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFBCCFCA4F4A16AD6" box="[1108,1221,881,906]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Philautus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F33B762C0C24AE2FFB69FCA4F5026AD7" box="[1265,1382,881,907]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33B762C0C24AE2FFF0FFC4CF0B26AEF" box="[151,214,921,947]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">India</collectingCountry>
, and a number of distinct species have erroneously been referred to it (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B4D0C24AE2FFBC8FC4CF57E6AEF" author="Kirtisinghe" box="[1104,1306,921,947]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Kirtisinghe, P. (1957) The Amphibia of Ceylon. Published by the author, Colombo, xiii + 112 pp, 1 pl." type="book" year="1957">Kirtisinghe 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B4D0C24AE2FFABEFC4CF18F6A87" author="Dutta" pageId="5" pageNumber="13" refString="Dutta, S. K. &amp; Manamendra-Arachchi, K. (1996) The amphibian fauna of Sri Lanka. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 232." type="book chapter" year="1996">Dutta and Manamendra­Arachchi 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B4D0C24AE2FFE6FFC14F2926A87" author="Kanamadi" box="[503,758,961,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Kanamadi, R. D., Nandihal, H. N., Saidapur, S. K. &amp; Patil, N. S. (1996) Parental care in the frog, Philautus variabilis (Gunther). Journal of Advanced Zoology, 17, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1996">
Kanamadi
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFDEFFC14F2D56A86" box="[631,689,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B4D0C24AE2FFC9AFC14F4E26A87" author="Kadadevaru" box="[770,1158,961,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="13" refString="Kadadevaru, G. G. &amp; Kanamadi, R. D. (2001) Vocal interactions, territoriality and fighting behaviour of the rhacophorid frog Philautus variabilis (Gunther, 1858). Current Science, 80, 1486 - 1488." type="journal article" year="2001">Kadadevaru and Kanamadi 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B4D0C24AE2FFB09FC14F5F36A87" author="Vasudevan" box="[1169,1431,961,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Vasudevan, K., Kumar, A. &amp; Chellam, R. (2001) Structure and composition of rainforest floor amphibian communities in Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. Current Science, 80, 406 - 412." type="journal article" year="2001">
Vasudevan
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFA80FC14F5366A86" box="[1304,1362,961,986]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B4D0C24AE2FFF0FFC3CF15C6D5F" author="Daniels" box="[151,312,1001,1027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="13" refString="Daniels, R. J. R. (2003) Impact of tea cultivation on anurans in the Western Ghats. Current Science, 85, 1415 - 1422." type="journal article" year="2003">Daniels 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Designation of a
<typeStatus id="5497881E0C24AE2FFD8DFC3CF2E46D5F" box="[533,640,1001,1027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B4D0C24AE2FFD36FC3CF38B6D5F" author="Bossuyt" box="[686,1007,1001,1027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="13" refString="Bossuyt, F. &amp; Dubois, A. (2001) A review of the frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae). Zeylanica, 6, 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2001">Bossuyt and Dubois (2001)</bibRefCitation>
helped to define this species, which we failed, however, to record in our decade­long (1993) amphibian survey of
<collectingCountry id="F33B762C0C24AE2FFBD7FBC4F4A36D77" box="[1103,1223,1041,1067]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
. Accordingly, the GAA (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B4D0C24AE2FFF7EFBECF1D36D0F" author="Stuart" box="[230,439,1081,1107]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Stuart, S. N., Chanson, J. S., Cox, N. A., Young, B. E., Rodrigues, A. S. L., Fischman, D. L. &amp; Waller, R. W. (2004) Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. Science, 306, 1783 - 1786." type="journal article" year="2004">
Stuart
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFEAEFBECF1156D0E" box="[310,369,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
; see also Manamendra­Arachchi and Pethiyagoda 2005) concluded that
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFA96FBECF14E6D26" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C24AE2FFA96FBECF0BC6D26" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="variabilis" subSpecies="sensu">
P. variabilis
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26B57D50C24AE2FFF0FFBB4F0BC6D26" box="[151,216,1121,1146]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
is Extinct: it is now known only from its
<typeStatus id="5497881E0C24AE2FFC8AFBB4F3E56D27" box="[786,897,1121,1147]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C24AE2FFF0FFB64F1196D97" blockId="5.[151,1436,1201,1347]" box="[151,381,1201,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Conservation status</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33665370C24AE2FFF5EFB0CF1D86C1F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9336BC0C24AE2FFF5EFB0CF1D86C1F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1201,1347]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Not having been recollected since the
<typeStatus id="5497881E0C24AE2FFD1FFB0CF2896DAF" box="[647,749,1241,1267]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected prior to 1859, and not recorded in the WHT survey (see Manamendra­Arachchi and Pethiyagoda 2005),
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D3F0C24AE2FFCF0FAD4F3BC6C46" box="[872,984,1281,1306]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFCF0FAD4F3BC6C46" box="[872,984,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. pardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered Extinct in terms of the IUCNs
<emphasis id="B958EAAE0C24AE2FFF61FAFCF13E6C1E" box="[249,346,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Red List</emphasis>
criteria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>