314 lines
34 KiB
XML
314 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="D8910BA3D3B14B59053FD98222896D5B" ID-CLB-Dataset="7630" ID-DOI="10.1206/00030090-425.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0cda6c92-3cdc-48ed-84a9-5627107d2823" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4613364" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615996074904" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gonzalez, Victor H., Griswold, Terry & Engel, Michael S." docDate="2018" docId="03FFB47B6248FFFB73E32CF2FB8FF97D" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2018.425.1-73.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2018 (425)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-2018/issue-425/00030090-425.1.1/South-American-Leaf-Cutter-Bees-Genus-Megachile-of-the-Subgenera/10.1206/00030090-425.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.5:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Megachile Latreille" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="FFC6CC03625AFFE8730B2862FFECFFB7" masterDocTitle="South American Leaf-Cutter Bees (Genus Megachile) Of The Subgenera Rhyssomegachile And Zonomegachile, With Two New Subgenera (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1698933731230" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="59B2ED3B324816D8B45BED482D1D716A">South American Leaf-Cutter Bees (Genus Megachile) Of The Subgenera Rhyssomegachile And Zonomegachile, With Two New Subgenera (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="85E313502667CF5A09AF9A56481B5EC6">Gonzalez, Victor H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="58D41C3E8BEAE81157B0E83C964CFFFF">Undergraduate Biology Program and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FC4ABD57444428994B218698D4CFA2DB">Griswold, Terry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9863F85E8BB9E6EA809C8D4A658C12AE">USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, Utah</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="39D9807E42BFAF114AAC61A8BB50F0D9">Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FB6945FDAB22B7BD7825B548CCEF7BEC">Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York; Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="6929D6E6F6C4D2726EB2EE33CCCB332E">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F35FE979B6156C84201DB71D81A8D2D2">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FB3208906BE684B7F668AD9A17A6ACC4">2018-11-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="22D281058D13A9C61B7B101B7F4A8022">2018</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F69129BCAC7BA2F17E519E1675A70038">425</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FFB47B6248FFFB73E32CF2FB8FF97D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631025" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180670854" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4631025" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9CDBC02-D219-41DE-98E6-4155F505D2CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFB47B6248FFFB73E32CF2FB8FF97D" lastPageId="19" pageId="18">
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<subSubSection id="C34C56E66248FFFA73E32CF2FDECFB1F" box="[232,512,1168,1192]" pageId="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE9056D6248FFFA73E32CF2FDECFB1F" blockId="18.[232,512,1168,1192]" box="[232,512,1168,1192]" pageId="18">
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<heading id="D0A1B2016248FFFA73E32CF2FDECFB1F" box="[232,512,1168,1192]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA723E2CF2FDECFB1F" ID-CoL="5MM4" authority="Latreille" box="[309,512,1168,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA723E2CF2FE4CFB1F" box="[309,416,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="18">Megachile</emphasis>
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Latreille
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C56E66248FFFA73642CA3FD95FB6E" box="[111,633,1217,1241]" pageId="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE9056D6248FFFA73642CA3FD95FB6E" blockId="18.[111,633,1217,1241]" box="[111,633,1217,1241]" pageId="18">
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<heading id="D0A1B2016248FFFA73642CA3FD95FB6E" box="[111,633,1217,1241]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA73642CA3FF1CFB6E" bold="true" box="[111,240,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="18">Aporiochile</emphasis>
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Gonzalez and Engel,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21164046248FFFA72D42CA0FD95FB6E" box="[479,633,1217,1241]" pageId="18" rank="subGenus">new subgenus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSection id="E2D91C866248FFFB72092C91FB8FF97D" lastPageId="19" pageId="18" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C34C56E66248FFFA72092C91FE0AFABC" box="[258,486,1267,1291]" pageId="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE9056D6248FFFA72092C91FE0AFABC" blockId="18.[258,486,1267,1291]" box="[258,486,1267,1291]" pageId="18">
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<heading id="D0A1B2016248FFFA72092C91FE0AFABC" box="[258,486,1267,1291]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" reason="2">
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<figureCitation id="136D19E86248FFFA72092C91FE94FABC" box="[258,376,1267,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[111,197,1540,1561]" captionTargetBox="[113,1200,224,1488]" captionTargetId="figure-9@13.[113,1200,224,1514]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 4. Some morphological features used in the phylogenetic analysis. A–C. Punctation of mesoscutum. D–F. Pubescence of outer surface of female protarsi. A. Megachile (Rhyssomegachile) simillima Smith (female holotype). B. M. (Aporiochile) tricosa Cockerell (male holotype). C. M. (Rhyssomegachile) guayaqui Schrottky (female neotype). D, E. M. (Rhyssomegachile) kartaboensis Mitchell (female holotype). F. M. (Zonomegachile) moderata Smith (female holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4613378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4613378/files/figure.png" pageId="18">Figures 4B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136D19E86248FFFA72882C91FE49FABC" box="[387,421,1267,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="15.[108,190,1554,1575]" captionTargetBox="[136,1187,233,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-9@15.[130,1190,224,1514]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some morphological features used in the phylogenetic analysis.A, B. Pubescence of apex of female sixth sternum. C, D. Pubescence of male clypeus. E–G. Modifications of the male mandible and hypostomal area. H. Modifications of male protarsus.I. Pubescence of posterosuperior surface of male metafemur.A. Megachile (Creightonella) cognata Smith (Uganda, Tororo, SEMC 1177151).B, E, G. M. (Acentron) albitarsis Cresson (♀, Costa Rica, San José, SEMC 1177780; ♂, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, SEMC 1177784). C. M. (Chalepochile) ardua Mitchell (male holotype). D. M. (Aporiochile) tricosa Cockerell (male holotype). F, H. M. (Zonomegachile) gigas Schrottky (Brazil, Mato Grosso, ANSP 4133). I. M. (Chalepochile) tacanensis Moure (Argentina, Tucumán, SEMC 1184302)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4613382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4613382/files/figure.png" pageId="18">5D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136D19E86248FFFA72BA2C91FE0AFABC" box="[433,486,1267,1291]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="19.[107,193,983,1004]" captionStartId-1="20.[107,193,1457,1478]" captionStartId-2="21.[108,194,1223,1244]" captionTargetBox-0="[119,1202,237,931]" captionTargetBox-1="[108,1212,228,1427]" captionTargetBox-2="[107,1211,224,1194]" captionTargetId-0="figure-370@19.[108,1212,224,957]" captionTargetId-1="figure-9@20.[108,1212,224,1431]" captionTargetId-2="figure-161@21.[107,1211,224,1194]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Male holotype of Megachile (Aporiochile) tricosa Cockerell. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Dorsal view of T5 and T6." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Male of Megachile (Aporiochile) tricosa Cockerell (Peru, Madre de Dios, SEMC 255772). A, B. Seventh tergum in dorsal and ventral views. C. Fifth sternum. D. Sixth sternum. E. Eighth sternum. F–H. Genital capsule in dorsal, ventral, and lateral views." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Collection localities for Megachile (Aporiochile) tricosa Cockerell, M. (Chalepochile) ardua Mitchell, and M. (Chalepochile) tacanensis Moure." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4613392" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4613396" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4613402" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4613392/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4613396/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4613402/files/figure.png" pageId="18">8–10</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C56E66248FFFA73872D47FF4BFAE9" pageId="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE9056D6248FFFA73872D47FF4BFAE9" blockId="18.[108,639,1316,1737]" pageId="18">
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<typeStatus id="54EDBBCF6248FFFA73872D47FF28FA8B" box="[140,196,1317,1340]" pageId="18">TYPE</typeStatus>
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SPECIES:
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA72302D46FF4FFAE9" ID-CoL="8S6LN" authority="Cockerell, 1927" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricosa">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA72302D46FE12FA8B" box="[315,510,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="18">Megachile tricosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC7789C6248FFFA71002D46FF4FFAE9" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." pageId="18" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref35940" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1927. Megachilid bees from Bolivia collected by the Mulford Biological Expedition, 1921 - 22. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 71 (12): 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1927">Cockerell, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C56E66248FFFA73872D05FBBDFD1F" pageId="18" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE9056D6248FFFA73872D05FBBDFD1F" blockId="18.[108,639,1316,1737]" lastBlockId="18.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="18">
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DIAGNOSIS: This subgenus is known only from the male. It can be easily recognized by the following combination of features: preoccipital carina strong behind gena, mesotibial spur present and articulated to mesotibia, procoxal spine present, mesoscutum with spaced punctures, and T6 with preapical carina strong, broad, and medially emarginate. It resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA72F92E2CFF72F930" class="Insecta" genus="Austromegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA72F92E2CFF72F930" italics="true" pageId="18">Austromegachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA73B82E0DFECDF930" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1944" box="[179,289,1647,1671]" class="Insecta" genus="Ptilosarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA73B82E0DFECDF930" box="[179,289,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="18">Ptilosarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA72652E0DFDC9F930" box="[366,549,1647,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rhyssomegachile">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA72652E0DFDC9F930" box="[366,549,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="18">Rhyssomegachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the strong preoccipital carina behind the gena. However, it can be separated easily by the procoxal spine (absent in
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA706D2880FC22FF4D" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1944" box="[870,974,226,250]" class="Insecta" genus="Ptilosarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA706D2880FC22FF4D" box="[870,974,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="18">Ptilosarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), mesoscutal punctation (punctures contiguous or nearly so in
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA778A2961FD0AFE8C" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1944" class="Insecta" genus="Ptilosarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA778A2961FD0AFE8C" italics="true" pageId="18">Ptilosarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA702C2946FC30FE8B" box="[807,988,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rhyssomegachile">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA702C2946FC30FE8B" box="[807,988,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="18">Rhyssomegachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and shape of the preapical carina of T6 (weak and inconspicuous in
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA71C12904FC96FEC9" box="[714,890,358,382]" class="Insecta" genus="Austromegachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA71C12904FC96FEC9" box="[714,890,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="18">Austromegachile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, reduced to triangular denticles in
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA71F729E5FC8AFE28" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1944" box="[764,870,391,415]" class="Insecta" genus="Ptilosarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA71F729E5FC8AFE28" box="[764,870,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="18">Ptilosarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). It superficially resembles the male of some species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA70B129CBFBB3FE77" authority="Raw" authorityName="Raw" authorityYear="2002" box="[954,1119,425,448]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Moureapis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA70B129CBFBC6FE77" box="[954,1066,425,448]" italics="true" pageId="18">Moureapis</emphasis>
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Raw
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</taxonomicName>
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in body size, punctation, presence of a procoxal spine, and shape of the preapical carina of T6. However, in
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA71C32A6EFCD4FD94" authorityName="Raw" authorityYear="2002" box="[712,824,524,547]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Moureapis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA71C32A6EFCD4FD94" box="[712,824,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="18">Moureapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the preoccipital margin is rounded, the mandible is four-toothed with a basal process on its lower margin (mandible tridentate without basal process in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA70692A0CFC36FD31" box="[866,986,622,646]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Moureapis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Aporiochile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA70692A0CFC36FD31" box="[866,986,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="18">Aporiochile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the mesotibial spur is absent (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6248FFFA70C22AEDFBADFD10" box="[969,1089,655,679]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Moureapis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Aporiochile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA70C22AEDFBADFD10" box="[969,1089,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="18">Aporiochile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C56E66248FFFA71C62AD3FC76F97D" pageId="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9056D6248FFFA71C62AD3FBC4F91F" blockId="18.[684,1213,226,1738]" pageId="18">
|
||
DESCRIPTION:
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA70762AD2FC59FD7F" box="[893,949,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="18">Male</emphasis>
|
||
: Moderate-sized bees (7.0–8.0 mm in body length). Integument smooth and shiny among spaced punctures (figs. 4B, 8A, B). Antennal flagellum unmodified, F1 shorter than F2; preoccipital border strongly carinate on gena only; mandible tridentate, without basal projection or tooth on lower margin; hypostomal area unmodified, without a projection or concavity. Procoxa with short (~ OD), blunt, apical spine; pro- and mesotibiae and tarsi unmodified; metafemur without a keirotrichial patch on posterosuperior surface; metabasitarsus elongate, about 3.9× longer than broad; mesotibial spur present, articulated to mesotibia, about as long as apical width of mesotibia. T6 swollen medially above strong, broad, medially emarginate preapical carina, without projections or spines on apical margin (fig. 8C); T7 not preapically projected into a spine or angle (fig. 9A, B); S5 and S6 with postgradular areas distinctly setose (fig. 9C, D); S4 exposed, with punctation and vestiture similar to those of preceding sterna; S8 without marginal setae (fig. 9E). Genital capsule elongate, flattened in lateral view; gonocoxite dorsally with distinct lobe (fig. 9F–H); gonostylus straight or nearly so in ventral view, broadest at midlength in lateral view, apically simple, unmodified, with long setae (about as long as width of gonostylus) along its medial margin; volsella present, apically rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9056D6248FFFA71C62ED0FC76F97D" blockId="18.[684,1213,226,1738]" box="[717,922,1714,1738]" pageId="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6248FFFA71C62ED0FCF4F97D" box="[717,792,1714,1738]" italics="true" pageId="18">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2955E56249FFFB73602BB5FE7AFBBD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4613392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4613392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4613392/files/figure.png" pageId="19" startId="19.[107,193,983,1004]" targetBox="[119,1202,237,931]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9056D6249FFFB73602BB5FE7AFBBD" blockId="19.[107,1212,981,1034]" pageId="19">
|
||
FIGURE 8. Male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB729C2BB7FCB6FC5A" authority="Cockerell. A." authorityName="Cockerell. A." box="[407,858,981,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricosa" subGenus="Aporiochile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB729C2BB7FE16FC5A" box="[407,506,981,1005]" italics="true" pageId="19">Megachile</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB71022BB7FD96FC5A" box="[521,634,981,1005]" italics="true" pageId="19">Aporiochile</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB71812BB4FD20FC5A" box="[650,716,982,1005]" italics="true" pageId="19">tricosa</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell.
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB70492BB7FCB6FC5A" bold="true" box="[834,858,981,1005]" pageId="19">A.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dorsal habitus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB77092BB7FBF5FC5A" bold="true" box="[1026,1049,981,1005]" pageId="19">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral habitus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB73672B90FF68FBBD" bold="true" box="[108,132,1010,1034]" pageId="19">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of T5 and T6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C56E66249FFFB73872C51FD99FB47" pageId="19" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9056D6249FFFB73872C51FD99FB47" blockId="19.[108,637,1075,1496]" pageId="19">
|
||
ETYMOLOGY: The new genus group name is a combination of
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB721D2C37FEB4FBDB" box="[278,344,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="19">aporia</emphasis>
|
||
(Greek, meaning, “difficult” or “doubt”) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB72212C17FE82FB3A" box="[298,366,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="19">cheilos</emphasis>
|
||
(Greek, “lip” or “rim”). Although the form of the name is technically a neuter plural, as is that of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB72BA2CD5FDFAFB78" box="[433,534,1207,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB72BA2CD5FDFAFB78" box="[433,534,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="19">Megachile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<superScript id="7C23A8256249FFFB71172CD7FDC9FB71" attach="right" box="[540,549,1205,1222]" fontSize="7" pageId="19">2</superScript>
|
||
the gen- der of the name is here considered to be feminine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C56E66249FFFB73872C98FD9AFAA5" box="[140,630,1274,1298]" pageId="19" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9056D6249FFFB73872C98FD9AFAA5" blockId="19.[108,637,1075,1496]" box="[140,630,1274,1298]" pageId="19">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34145FD6249FFFB72322C98FE64FAA5" box="[313,392,1274,1298]" name="Bolivia" pageId="19">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34145FD6249FFFB72992C98FE38FAA5" box="[402,468,1274,1298]" name="Brazil" pageId="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34145FD6249FFFB72D42C98FDFEFAA6" box="[479,530,1274,1297]" name="Peru" pageId="19">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(fig. 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C56E66249FFFB73862D79FB8FF97D" pageId="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9056D6249FFFB73862D79FD91FA6F" blockId="19.[108,637,1075,1496]" pageId="19">
|
||
COMMENTS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB721F2D79FE2AFA85" box="[276,454,1307,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB721F2D79FE2AFA85" box="[276,454,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="19">Megachile tricosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB73812D5EFF13FAE3" box="[138,255,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Aporiochile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB73812D5EFF13FAE3" box="[138,255,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="19">Aporiochile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was described from a single male specimen collected in northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34145FD6249FFFB72E32D3FFDD8FAC2" box="[488,564,1373,1397]" name="Bolivia" pageId="19">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It was synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB724C2D1DFE70FA00" authority="Smith (Moure et al., 2007)" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbana" subGenus="Rhyssomegachile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB724C2D1DFE8AFA21" box="[327,358,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="19">M.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB727D2D1CFDF3FA21" box="[374,543,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="19">Rhyssomegachile</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB713A2D1CFD90FA21" box="[561,636,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="19">urbana</emphasis>
|
||
Smith (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC7789C6249FFFB73B42DFDFE79FA00" author="Moure, J. S. & G. A. R. Melo & A. DalMolin" box="[191,405,1439,1463]" pageId="19" pagination="917 - 1001" refId="ref37121" refString="Moure, J. S., G. A. R. Melo, and A. DalMolin. 2007. Megachilini Latreille, 1802. In J. S. Moure, D. Urban, and G. A. R. Melo (editors), Catalogue of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical region: 917 - 1001. Curitiba: Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia, xiv + 1058 pp. [updated online (http: // www. moure. cria. org. br / catalogue), accessed 31 July 2018]" type="book chapter" year="2007">Moure et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species currently known only from the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EDBBCF6249FFFB72A62DA2FDE0FA6F" box="[429,524,1472,1496]" pageId="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. However,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9056D6249FFFB73872D97FF34F97E" blockId="19.[108,637,1525,1737]" pageId="19">
|
||
<superScript id="7C23A8256249FFFB73872D97FF7FF9B6" attach="right" box="[140,147,1525,1537]" fontSize="5" pageId="19">2</superScript>
|
||
The generic name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB72492D94FE7AF9BE" box="[322,406,1526,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB72492D94FE7AF9BE" box="[322,406,1526,1545]" italics="true" pageId="19">Megachile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
derives from Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB71442D94FD90F9BF" box="[591,636,1526,1544]" italics="true" pageId="19">mega</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB739A2E6CFF5BF996" box="[145,183,1550,1569]" italics="true" pageId="19">chile</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning “large lips” or “large rims”; because
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB714F2E6CFD86F996" box="[580,618,1550,1569]" italics="true" pageId="19">chile</emphasis>
|
||
is a neuter (plural of ΧΕῖλoς) it should be treated as a masculine according to nomenclatural conventions, but in fact based on the application of feminine adjectives for specific names, it appears that authors have considered the genus feminine. We thus follow universal usage and consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB72CE2EE4FDF4F92E" box="[453,536,1670,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB72CE2EE4FDF4F92E" box="[453,536,1670,1689]" italics="true" pageId="19">Megachile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and similar names derived from ΧΕῖλoς within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB72912EFCFE13F906" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[410,511,1694,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Megachilini">Megachilini</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be of feminine gender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9056D6249FFFB71A72C51FB8FF97D" blockId="19.[683,1214,1075,1738]" pageId="19">
|
||
both species are likely not conspecific judging by the smoother and shiner integument of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB77442C34FB59FBDA" box="[1103,1205,1110,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB77442C34FB59FBDA" box="[1103,1205,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="19">M. tricosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, particularly on the mesoscutum (fig. 4B). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB77952C15FD1BFB07" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB77952C15FD1BFB07" italics="true" pageId="19">M. urbana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the integument is dull and more coarsely punctate. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB70992CD8FC15FB66" box="[914,1017,1210,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB70992CD8FC15FB66" box="[914,1017,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="19">M. tricosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not share the diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB70B92CB9FBB1FB44" box="[946,1117,1243,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rhyssomegachile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB70B92CB9FBB1FB44" box="[946,1117,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="19">Rhyssomegachile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and our phylogenetic analysis does not suggest a close relationship to that subgenus (fig. 7). For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB77AB2D7DFD03FAEF" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB77AB2D7DFD03FAEF" italics="true" pageId="19">M. tricosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a short procoxal spine and sterna densely covered with fasciae, both features absent in the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB70072DE6FB8EFA2C" box="[780,1122,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillima" subGenus="Rhyssomegachile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB70072DE6FCC7FA2C" box="[780,811,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="19">M.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB70342DE1FC00FA2C" box="[831,1004,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="19">Rhyssomegachile</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB770A2DE1FB8EFA2C" box="[1025,1122,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="19">simillima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In our analysis
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB700A2DC4FC8BFA0A" box="[769,871,1446,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB700A2DC4FC8BFA0A" box="[769,871,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="19">M. tricosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not cluster with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB77332DC7FD36FA68" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rhyssomegachile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB77332DC7FD36FA68" italics="true" pageId="19">Rhyssomegachile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and reanalyzing the data matrix using a terminal taxon that combined characters of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB77952D8BFD1CF995" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB77952D8BFD1CF995" italics="true" pageId="19">M. tricosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB702E2E69FC78F995" box="[805,916,1546,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB702E2E69FC78F995" box="[805,916,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="19">M. urbana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resulted in a large polytomy that included species from different subgenera (not shown). Thus, until sex associations or genetic evidence is available, we decided to place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C567EEE6249FFFB77312E12FB4DF930" box="[1082,1185,1648,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922D97F6249FFFB77312E12FB4DF930" box="[1082,1185,1648,1671]" italics="true" pageId="19">M. tricosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its own subgenus, which is consistent with our present understanding of its relationships.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |