253 lines
29 KiB
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253 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="183B700848F72B4CABD1A4273D122D98" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5352660" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5352660" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630208527114" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dunford, James C." docDate="2009" docId="03FC87C67B1FFF83FF6CFD55FD41D94D" docLanguage="en" docName="0090.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2009 (90)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Speyeria hydaspe" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFC5FFBE7B32FFADFFACFFD0FFFED816" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic overview of the greater fritillary genus Speyeria Scudder and the atlantis - hesperis species complexes, with species accounts, type images, and relevant literature (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1699186102529" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F65C387EB9333ACBEE41F0A0B4946B6E">
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<mods:title id="0F31E72D73A448D0374ECF5F61A2F9E9">Taxonomic overview of the greater fritillary genus Speyeria Scudder and the atlantis - hesperis species complexes, with species accounts, type images, and relevant literature (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9434D67E7529F3136F8810BB6E3A4623" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="158A16C5A5366C432BB55C3B4255BB19">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="938DBD6B54A17AB6CDAB802C88F5B793">Dunford, James C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="994FE5CBF1F5A324C57BF85C1E16C6A4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A24A08C681708E848BAACD01CD9C693F">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="303E2210EBBDD6A248DA7AABEC9CCA11">
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<mods:date id="548F285172CFF28C3D0B48BC72F7A389">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="08B3F96D7A50236988D6C5BB09123E07" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="C3AB626BC4D84F017991D558006CAB8C">2009-09-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="68BC6CA949CD2C41C318376687A47F67" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E55A9D5D4C4131AA94BAD679B909F002">2009</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="80633621E09F40AD350EE5FE8409CBFD" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="2A3EE97E3E35A73BB1E23FDC5544EDF5">90</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="D287229E10E13702FA84A1F66C12248D" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="E545F39A7E64E0246C16641AFFBDD6AD">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="96EBFA1FBA33736570BCFF2FB1C9060C">74</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="939B0E4ED1C6EE0953B846B94DF8B46F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FB595C16D2B0F7F9D5E1860384011A37" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5352660</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="523E9B718B120AD95EF8CA7B1A0A8F2B" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="30D37837EC250F26E1C8851B12668092" type="Zenodo-Dep">5352660</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03FC87C67B1FFF83FF6CFD55FD41D94D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5450597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5450597" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87C67B1FFF83FF6CFD55FD41D94D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87C67B1FFF83FF6CFD55FD41D94D" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B1FFF80FF6CFD55FD67DA8D" box="[192,665,643,668]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CFD55FD67DA8D" blockId="45.[192,665,643,699]" box="[192,665,643,668]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="D0A281BC7B1FFF80FF6CFD55FD67DA8D" bold="true" box="[192,665,643,668]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FF6CFD55FD67DA8D" ID-CoL="4YKGJ" authority="(Boisduval, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[192,665,643,668]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydaspe">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CFD55FD67DA8D" bold="true" box="[192,665,643,668]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CFD55FE52DA8A" bold="true" box="[192,428,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Speyeria hydaspe</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1FFF80FE15FD53FD6EDA8D" author="Boisduval, J. B. A. D." box="[441,656,643,667]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" pagination="37 - 94" refId="ref34560" refString="Boisduval, J. B. A. D. 1869. Lepidopteres de la Californie. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 12: 1 - 28, 37 - 94." type="journal article" year="1869">Boisduval, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B1FFF80FF6CFD73FEBADAAD" box="[192,324,675,699]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CFD73FEBADAAD" blockId="45.[192,665,643,699]" box="[192,324,675,699]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136E2A557B1FFF80FF64FD73FEC2DAAD" box="[200,316,675,699]" captionStart="Figure 46-48" captionStartId="74.[192,276,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[190,1443,200,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-18@74.[190,1443,194,1095]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 46-48. Type images for Speyeria spp.; dorsal, ventral, and label images. 46) Speyeria hesperis capitanensis holotype, described as Speyeria atlantis capitanensis, male, AMNH. 47) Speyeria hydaspe lectotype, described as Argynnis Hydaspe, male, NMNH. 48) Speyeria mormonia lectotype, described as Argynnis Mormonia, male, NMNH. Image 46 by James C. Dunford; 47-48 by Robert Robbins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352688/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Figure 47</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B1FFF80FF6CFD34FC76DB0D" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CFD34FD64DAED" blockId="45.[192,904,739,795]" box="[192,666,739,763]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511FE7B1FFF80FF6CFD34FD64DAED" box="[192,666,739,763]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF410C17B1FFF80FF6CFD34FD68DAED" author="Boisduval, J. B. A. D." box="[192,662,739,763]" page="60" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" year="1869">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FF6CFD34FD68DAED" ID-CoL="93QRH" authority="Boisduval, 1869: 60" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1869" box="[192,662,739,763]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydaspe">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CFD34FE61DAED" box="[192,415,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Argynnis Hydaspe</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1FFF80FE09FD33FD68DAED" author="Boisduval, J. B. A. D." box="[421,662,739,763]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" pagination="37 - 94" refId="ref34560" refString="Boisduval, J. B. A. D. 1869. Lepidopteres de la Californie. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 12: 1 - 28, 37 - 94." type="journal article" year="1869">Boisduval, 1869: 60</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CFCD4FC76DB0D" blockId="45.[192,904,739,795]" box="[192,904,771,795]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FF6CFCD4FDDADB0D" ID-CoL="4YKGJ" authority="(Boisduval)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[192,548,771,795]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydaspe">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CFCD4FE6DDB0D" box="[192,403,771,795]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Speyeria hydaspe</emphasis>
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(Boisduval)
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1FFF80FD9DFCD3FC82DB0D" author="dos Passos C. F. & L. P. Grey" box="[561,892,771,795]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref35825" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1945 a. A genitalic survey of Argynninae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). American Museum Novitates 1296: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1945">dos Passos and Grey 1945a</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B1FFF80FF6CFC93FC8DDB4D" box="[192,883,835,859]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CFC93FC8DDB4D" blockId="45.[192,883,835,859]" box="[192,883,835,859]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CFC93FE5CDB4D" bold="true" box="[192,418,835,859]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Common names.</emphasis>
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Hydaspe fritillary, lavender fritillary.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F655B7B1FFF83FF6CFC53FD41D94D" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CFC53FDE4DBAD" blockId="45.[192,1440,899,955]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CFC53FE65DB8D" bold="true" box="[192,411,899,923]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Type deposited.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B3D3C8D7B1FFF80FE0EFC54FDE4DBAD" location="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<typeStatus id="54EE88727B1FFF80FE0EFC54FDE5DB8A" box="[418,539,900,924]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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(male) designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1FFF80FC86FC53FB85DB8D" author="dos Passos C. F. & L. P. Grey" box="[810,1147,899,923]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">dos Passos and Grey (1947)</bibRefCitation>
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at
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<location id="8E8A600B7B1FFF80FB0FFC53FE7BDBAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87C67B1FFF83FF6CFD55FD41D94D:8E8A600B7B1FFF80FB0FFC53FE7BDBAD" name="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">National Museum of Natural History</location>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136E2A557B1FFF80FE3FFC73FDF3DBAD" box="[403,525,931,955]" captionStart="Figure 46-48" captionStartId="74.[192,276,1132,1154]" captionTargetBox="[190,1443,200,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-18@74.[190,1443,194,1095]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 46-48. Type images for Speyeria spp.; dorsal, ventral, and label images. 46) Speyeria hesperis capitanensis holotype, described as Speyeria atlantis capitanensis, male, AMNH. 47) Speyeria hydaspe lectotype, described as Argynnis Hydaspe, male, NMNH. 48) Speyeria mormonia lectotype, described as Argynnis Mormonia, male, NMNH. Image 46 by James C. Dunford; 47-48 by Robert Robbins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5352688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5352688/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Figure 47</figureCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CFC33FAC9DC0D" blockId="45.[192,1440,995,1051]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CFC33FE8BDBED" bold="true" box="[192,373,995,1019]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<typeStatus id="54EE88727B1FFF80FF6CFC33FEFADBED" box="[192,260,995,1019]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Southern
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<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FE43FC33FD92DBED" box="[495,620,995,1019]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">California</collectingRegion>
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. Defined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1FFF80FD56FC33FBC2DBED" author="dos Passos C. F. & L. P. Grey" box="[762,1084,995,1019]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref35903" refString="dos Passos C. F., and L. P. Grey. 1947. Systematic catalogue of Speyeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with designations of types and fixations of the type localities. American Museum Novitates 1370: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1947">dos Passos and Grey (1947)</bibRefCitation>
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as Yosemite Valley, Mariposa County,
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<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FE8AFBD3FE58DC0D" box="[294,422,1027,1051]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">California</collectingRegion>
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. Redefined by Emmel at al. (1998a) to Gold Lake, Sierra County,
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<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FB1FFBD3FACDDC0D" box="[1203,1331,1027,1051]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">California</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CFB93FD5BDC8D" blockId="45.[192,1440,1091,1179]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3D3C8D7B1FFF80FF6CFB93FD5EDC8D" collectionCode="EX" county="Hofer" location="Barnes Collection" municipality="Oberthur Collection" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CFB93FE67DC4D" bold="true" box="[192,409,1091,1115]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<typeStatus id="54EE88727B1FFF80FF6CFB93FEFBDC4D" box="[192,261,1091,1115]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Type</typeStatus>
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label data.
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</emphasis>
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“
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FE05FB93FC7DDC4D" authority="Behr. Hydaspe Bd. Californ." box="[425,899,1091,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Monticola Behr. Hydaspe Bd. Californ.</taxonomicName>
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;
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<collectionCode id="ED44AE157B1FFF80FC21FB94FC4DDC4D" box="[909,947,1092,1115]" country="Slovenia" name="The Culture Collection of Extremophilic Fungi" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">EX</collectionCode>
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MUSAEO Dris. BOISDUVAL;
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FA83FB93FE9FDC6D" authority="Bdv" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydaspe">Argynnis Hydaspe Bdv</taxonomicName>
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<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FECAFBB3FE1DDC6D" box="[358,483,1123,1147]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Californie</collectingRegion>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FE40FBB3FD33DC6D" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1869" box="[492,717,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydaspe">Argynnis Hydaspe</taxonomicName>
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[male], Boisduv. ex 2 typic. specim.;
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<typeStatus id="54EE88727B1FFF80FB2DFBB4FB43DC6A" box="[1153,1213,1124,1148]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Type</typeStatus>
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hydaspe a/c
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<collectingCounty id="628B4E5C7B1FFF80FAF8FBB3FA62DC6D" box="[1364,1436,1123,1147]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Hofer</collectingCounty>
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;
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B8EACAA7B1FFF80FF6CFB53FE4DDC8D" box="[192,435,1155,1179]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Oberthur Collection</collectingMunicipality>
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;
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<location id="8E8A600B7B1FFF80FE11FB54FD68DC8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87C67B1FFF83FF6CFD55FD41D94D:8E8A600B7B1FFF80FE11FB54FD68DC8D" box="[445,662,1155,1179]" county="Hofer" municipality="Oberthur Collection" name="Barnes Collection" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="California">Barnes Collection</location>
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”
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CFB13FCD4DE8D" blockId="45.[192,1441,1219,1691]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CFB13FD0FDCCD" bold="true" box="[192,753,1219,1243]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Identification, taxonomy, and variation.</emphasis>
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There are approximately 7 described subspecies in the hydaspe complex. Adult wingspan is
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<quantity id="4CAD9B357B1FFF80FDD1FB33FD07DCED" box="[637,761,1251,1275]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="49.5" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="41.0">41-58 mm</quantity>
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. The subspecific taxa are fairly uniform in wing patterning and color. The dorsal wing surface is red-orange with a heavy black pattern, especially at the base. The ventral surface is purplish brown with hindwing spots relatively round and unsilvered in most populations (some individuals in the Northwest have silver spots-i.e., Vancouver Island), cream colored and edged with black. Spots located in the median band are large, first three approximately equal in size, touching or nearly so. The submarginal spots are larger in southern populations, smaller in the north and occasionally partly silvered. Some
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FD30FA74FCDFDDAD" box="[668,801,1443,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperis">
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<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FD30FA74FCDFDDAD" box="[668,801,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">S. hesperis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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populations in the Pacific Northwest and
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<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FA8EFA73FA5EDDAD" box="[1314,1440,1443,1467]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">California</collectingRegion>
|
|
Sierra
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FEBEFA13FE8EDDCD" box="[274,368,1475,1499]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
|
Mountains resemble
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FDDFFA14FD08DDCD" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1869" box="[627,758,1475,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydaspe">
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|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FDDFFA14FD08DDCD" box="[627,758,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">S. hydaspe</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FCAEFA13FC52DDCD" authority="Dunford, 2009" authorityName="Dunford" authorityYear="2009" box="[770,940,1475,1499]" genus="Kondla" pageId="45" pageNumber="57" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1FFF80FCAEFA13FC52DDCD" author="Kondla" box="[770,940,1475,1499]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref41524" refString="Kondla N. G. 2001. Clarification of and comments on northern Speyeria hydaspe subspecies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 3: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2001">Kondla (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
clarified the taxonomic relationships and nomenclature associated with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FD9EFA34FD4BDDED" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1869" box="[562,693,1507,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydaspe">
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|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FD9EFA34FD4BDDED" box="[562,693,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">S. hydaspe</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
forms in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FC89FA33FC03DDED" box="[805,1021,1507,1531]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
|
. Eggs are cream colored and somewhat purple in color before hatching (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1FFF80FD39F9D3FCEADE0D" author="Pyle, R. M." box="[661,788,1539,1563]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" refId="ref43868" refString="Pyle, R. M. 2002. The butterflies of Cascadia: A field guide to all the species of Washington, Oregon, and surrounding territories. Seattle Audubon Society; Seattle, Washington. 420 p." type="book" year="2002">Pyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Larvae are mostly black with yellow-orange spines laterally; in some forms, these spines are black. The upper two rows of spines are typically black; lower four rows of spines orange-brown to yellow. There are also pale yellow mid-dorsal stripes; these are much paler than those in similar looking
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FDC9F9B4FD2EDE6D" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[613,720,1636,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Speyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zerene">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FDC9F9B4FD2EDE6D" box="[613,720,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">S. zerene</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Larval coloration is likely variable throughout the range of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FF6CF954FEBADE8D" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1869" box="[192,324,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydaspe">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CF954FEBADE8D" box="[192,324,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">S. hydaspe</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
due to various local climatic conditions.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CF913FA89DEED" blockId="45.[192,1440,1731,1787]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CF913FEDEDECD" bold="true" box="[192,288,1731,1755]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Range.</emphasis>
|
|
Forms of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1FFF80FE36F914FDE1DECD" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1869" box="[410,543,1731,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argynnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydaspe">
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|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FE36F914FDE1DECD" box="[410,543,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">S. hydaspe</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occur from central
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FCA2F913FC1ADECD" box="[782,996,1731,1755]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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|
and southwestern
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FB63F913FACEDECD" box="[1231,1328,1731,1755]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Alberta</collectingRegion>
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|
, south in mountainous areas to southern Sierra
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|
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FD3EF933FD0EDEED" box="[658,752,1763,1787]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FCBFF933FC6CDEED" box="[787,914,1763,1787]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">California</collectingRegion>
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|
, northern
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FBA3F933FBAFDEED" box="[1039,1105,1763,1787]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Utah</collectingRegion>
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|
, and northern
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FAAEF933FA8DDEED" box="[1282,1395,1763,1787]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1FFF80FF6CF8F3FCDEDF6D" blockId="45.[192,1441,1827,1915]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1FFF80FF6CF8F3FE9ADF2D" bold="true" box="[192,356,1827,1851]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Life history.</emphasis>
|
|
This species occurs in openings in moist montane coniferous forests, often near aspens, and in mountain meadows and along roadsides. It also occurs in drier areas in
|
|
<collectingRegion id="4991F8327B1FFF80FB9FF893FAFBDF4D" box="[1075,1285,1859,1883]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1FFF80FABEF893FEDDDF6D" author="Layberry, R. A. & P. W. Hall & J. D. LaFontaine" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" refId="ref42068" refString="Layberry, R. A., P. W. Hall, and J. D. LaFontaine. 1998. The butterflies of Canada. University of Toronto Press; Toronto. 280 p." type="book" year="1998">Layberry et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Flight period is from June to September.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1CFF83FF6CFF13FD98D8ED" blockId="46.[192,1440,195,251]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1CFF83FF6CFF13FE36D8CD" bold="true" box="[192,456,195,219]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Larval host plants.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1CFF83FE7CFF13FD89D8CD" box="[464,631,195,219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adunca">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1CFF83FE7CFF13FD89D8CD" box="[464,631,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Viola adunca</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1CFF83FD2BFF14FCF3D8CD" box="[647,781,195,219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabella">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1CFF83FD2BFF14FCF3D8CD" box="[647,781,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">V. glabella</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1CFF83FCB2FF14FC56D8CD" box="[798,936,195,219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nuttallii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1CFF83FCB2FF14FC56D8CD" box="[798,936,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">V. nuttallii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1CFF83FC15FF14FBA5D8CD" box="[953,1115,195,219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orbiculata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1CFF83FC15FF14FBA5D8CD" box="[953,1115,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">V. orbiculata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1CFF83FBC0FF14FAFCD8CD" box="[1132,1282,196,219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1CFF83FBC0FF14FAFCD8CD" box="[1132,1282,196,219]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">V. purpurea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C554D537B1CFF83FABEFF14FA5ED8CD" box="[1298,1440,195,219]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Violaceae" genus="Viola" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sheltonii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1CFF83FABEFF14FA5ED8CD" box="[1298,1440,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">V. sheltonii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1CFF83FF64FF33FEA7D8ED" author="Scott, J. A." box="[200,345,227,251]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" refId="ref44819" refString="Scott, J. A. 1986 b. The butterflies of North America: A natural history and field guide. Stanford University Press; Stanford, California. 583 p." type="book" year="1986">
|
|
Scott 1986
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1CFF83FEE6FF33FEA7D8ED" author="Williams, B. L. & J. D. Brawn & K. N. Paige" box="[330,345,227,251]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" pagination="87 - 88" refId="ref47811" refString="Williams, B. L., J. D. Brawn, and K. N. Paige. 2002. Highly polymorphic microsatellite loci for Speyeria idalia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Molecular Ecology Notes 2: 87 - 88." type="journal article" year="2002">b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, Robinson et al. 2002).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEA36D07B1CFF83FF6CFEF3FD41D94D" blockId="46.[192,1440,291,347]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
|
|
<emphasis id="B921EAC27B1CFF83FF6CFEF3FE14D92D" bold="true" box="[192,490,291,315]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Adult food resources.</emphasis>
|
|
Pussypaws, asters, thistles, mints (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1CFF83FC07FEF3FBD7D92D" author="Pyle, R. M." box="[939,1065,291,315]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" refId="ref43836" refString="Pyle, R. M. 1995. Field guide to North American butterflies. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.; New York, New York. 924 p." type="book" year="1995">Pyle 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B217B1CFF83FB99FEF3FAA7D92D" author="Opler, P. A. & A. B. Wright" box="[1077,1369,291,315]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" refId="ref43436" refString="Opler, P. A., and A. B. Wright. 1999. A field guide to Western butterflies. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Company; Boston, Massachusetts. 540 p." type="book" year="1999">Opler and Wright 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); also often scat/feces (Cliff Ferris, pers. comm.).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |