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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.429.8020" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a14b7dea-0ae5-4316-81cd-abe9808e198b" ID-PMC="PMC4137300" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-429-87" ID-PubMed="25147472" ID-ZBK="F17B27BD716D41E9998A20D001651CD0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-429-87" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 429" ModsDocTitle="A remarkable new pygmy grasshopper (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae) in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic" checkinTime="1451245555528" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Heads, Sam W., Thomas, M. Jared &amp; Wang, Yinan" docDate="2014" docId="D978CDB746BE90524BE09FD3FC6E6109" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 429: 87-100" docOrigin="ZooKeys 429" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.429.8020" docTitle="Electrotettix attenboroughi Heads &amp; Thomas, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="C2884326-0785-414A-B9AF-243A52B53F82" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="FFD6FFA51839FFB6B97CFFB3FFFFFF98" masterDocTitle="A remarkable new pygmy grasshopper (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae) in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="90" updateTime="1668159064253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A remarkable new pygmy grasshopper (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae) in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Heads, Sam W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Thomas, M. Jared</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Yinan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>429</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>87</mods:start>
<mods:end>100</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.429.8020</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.429.8020</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-429-87</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F17B27BD716D41E9998A20D001651CD0</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152054733" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C2884326-0785-414A-B9AF-243A52B53F82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D978CDB746BE90524BE09FD3FC6E6109" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Taxon classification Animalia ORDO FAMILIA</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C2884326-0785-414A-B9AF-243A52B53F82" authority="Heads &amp; Thomas" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Electrotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotettix attenboroughi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Electrotettix attenboroughi Heads &amp; Thomas</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="90">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1-7
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">As for the genus (see above), by monotypy.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="91" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
: Approximately 8.0 mm long measured from fastigium verticis to posterior apex of pronotum (Figs 1-3). Head hypognathous, robust and dorsoventrally elongate (Figs 4-5). Integument granulose; genae markedly so, bearing numerous tuberculae. Compound eyes large, globose, projecting somewhat dorsally; ventral margin acutely rounded. Vertex with low median carinula becoming lower as it crosses the fastigium, and two stronger, well-defined lateral carinae forming small dorsolaterally produced fastigial horns between compound eyes. Lateral foveae deep, longer than wide, deeper anteriorly than posteriorly. Fastigium verticis not projecting anteriorly beyond compound eyes. Interocular distance c. 0.30 mm. Frontal costa nascent immediately beneath fastigium, becoming prominent c. 0.25 mm from fastigial ridge and bifurcating at the lateral ocelli, diverging into two prominent ridge-like costal lobes between antennal torulae and ending at median ocellus. Frontal carina bifurcating c. 0.52 mm beneath median ocellus. Fronto-clypeal margin distinct, broadly emarginate Clypeus narrow; anterior margin with broad, shallow emargination. Labrum shield-like, markedly larger than clypeus with rounded apex. Mandible robust. Gena somewhat inflated with strongly granulose/tuberculate ornament; delimited anteriorly by a deep subocular furrow running the entire length of the fronto-genal region. Antennae filiform, with at least ten flagellomeres. Scape subcylindrical, approximately twice as large as pedicel and somewhat compressed laterally. Pedicel subspherical, narrower than scape but wider than flagellomeres. Flagellum at least 1.24 mm long. Flagellomeres cylindrical, longer than wide; flagellomere 3 approximately half as long as the others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Pronotum robust, c. 6.55 mm long, with coarsely granulose ornament; anterior margin with small tectate process extending slightly above vertex of head; posterior process almost reaching apex of abdomen and terminating in a blunt and slightly upturned acuminate tip. Median carina forming distinct keel. Lateral carinae well-developed. Transverse sulci distinct, crossing and cutting the lateral carinae but not cutting the median carina. Thoracic sterna robust. Tegmen present, scale-like, longer than wide; venation indistinct, comprising numerous closed cells. Hind wing approx. 2.5 mm long, tightly folded (Fig. 6); costal lobe well-developed; Sc reaching costal margin almost reaching apex of wing; R and M entirely fused, running very close to Sc; area between R+M and Cu with numerous crossveins; CuA not visible; CuP approximating running close to 1A for its entire length; anal veins numerous.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="92" start="start">Profemur</pageBreakToken>
1.75 mm long, subquadrate in section with poorly developed carinae. Protibia at least 1.5 mm long and markedly more slender than profemur. Protarsus largely obscured by bubbles and debris in the amber. Mesofemur quadrate in section and similar in length to profemur but with carinae well-developed and complete for entire length of femur. Mesotibia 1.5 mm long, more slender than mesofemur but not as slender as protibia. Mesobasitarsus 0.2 mm long with bilobed euplantulae; second tarsomere 0.7 mm long, apically inflated with two strong pretarsal claws. Metafemur large and robust (Fig. 7), 5.5 mm long, with prominent upper and lower carinulae, dorsal keel and ventral carinae; superior and inferior marginal areas with transverse patches of rugose integument separated by smooth cuticle; medial area with prominent herringbone ornamentation comprising roughly diamond-shaped
<normalizedToken originalValue="cells">'cells'</normalizedToken>
of smooth cuticle, delimited by raised areas of rugose integument; femoral lobe low and distinctly rounded, not forming a spine; genicula bulbous with prominent dorsal process. Metatibia 5.0 mm long with prominent genicular bulb; 6 inner and 6 outer robust dorsal spines; 2 inner and 2 outer curved apical spurs, with inner spurs longer than outer
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="93" start="start">spurs</pageBreakToken>
. Metabasitarsus robust, 1.0 mm long, with distinct, dorsal apical spine and two bilobed euplantulae situated in its basal half; second tarsomere much shorter, 0.3 mm long; third tarsomere almost as long as basitarsus, distinctly curved and somewhat inflated apically, bearing two pretarsal claws.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Abdomen at least 4.0 mm long, though apical damage prevents accurate measurement. Subgenital apically bilobed. Ovipositor approximately 1.0 mm long, with strong denticles on dorsal valvulae and fewer, smaller denticles on the ventral valvulae. Dorsal parts of terminalia (epiproct, cerci, etc.) obscured by bubbles and detritus.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Male: Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="6" pageNumber="93" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="93">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="6" pageNumber="93">
INHS 10175, Early Miocene (Burdigalian) amber from the La Toca region, near Santiago de los Caballeros, Santiago Province, Dominican Republic. Well-
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="94" start="start">preserved</pageBreakToken>
adult female in a piece of amber approximately 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12 mm. Numerous syninclusions are also present within the piece, including: an indet. chalcid wasp (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName genus="Chalcidoidea" lsidName="Chalcidoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" rank="genus">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
); an indet. proctotrupoid wasp (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName genus="Proctotrupoidea" lsidName="Proctotrupoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" rank="genus">Proctotrupoidea</taxonomicName>
); a single worker ant of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Solenopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Solenopsis</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
); numerous smaller ants, possibly of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Azteca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Azteca" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Azteca</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
); a springtail (
<taxonomicName class="Collembola" family="Isotomidae" genus="Collembola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Collembola" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Collembola</taxonomicName>
); three net-winged midges (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName family="Blephariceridae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" rank="family">Blephariceridae</taxonomicName>
); numerous botanicals including a well-preserved flower bud and a leaf fragment with possible epiphytic fungus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="95" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="95" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">The specific epithet is a patronym honouring Sir David Attenborough, British naturalist and film maker, who has been an inspiration not only to the authors of this paper, but to an entire generation of natural scientists.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="95" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Electrotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotettix" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Electrotettix</taxonomicName>
is very distinctive among Neotropical cladonotines in that it possesses tegmina and rudimentary hind wings. Although the hind wings are much reduced, they nevertheless have complete venation and demonstrate full rotation, confirming that the holotype is a brachypterous adult and not a nymph with wing pads.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Electrotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotettix" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Electrotettix</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Baeotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baeotettix" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baeotettix</taxonomicName>
in the large eyes projecting dorsally above the fastigium, but differs in the smaller fastigial horns and the absence of superior lobes on the frontal costa. Both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Baeotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baeotettix" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baeotettix</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Electrotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotettix" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Electrotettix</taxonomicName>
share features in common with extant Antillean cladonotines such as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Bahorucotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bahorucotettix" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bahorucotettix</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Haitianotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haitianotettix" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Haitianotettix</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Mucrotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mucrotettix" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mucrotettix</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName genus="Hottotettix" lsidName="Hottotettix" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" rank="genus">Hottotettix</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Perez-Gelabert, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Orthoptera Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" pagination="189 - 204" title="New genera and species of Greater Antillean grouse-locusts (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)." url="10.2307/3503518" volume="7" year="1998">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Gelabert">Perez-Gelabert</normalizedToken>
et al. 1998
</bibRefCitation>
) including the densely rugose integument, compact body form and presence of fastigial horns, though the latter are not present in all Antillean cladonotines, being absent from genera such as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Truncotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Truncotettix" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Truncotettix</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Antillotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antillotettix" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Antillotettix</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Perez-Gelabert, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Orthoptera Research" pageId="11" pageNumber="98" pagination="111 - 114" title="A new genus and species of tetrigid (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae) from Dominican Republic, Hispaniola." url="10.1665/1082-6467(2003)012[0111:ANGASO]2.0.CO;2" volume="12" year="2003">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Gelabert">Perez-Gelabert</normalizedToken>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
Figures 1-2.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Electrotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotettix attenboroughi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Electrotettix attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
Heads &amp; Thomas, gen. et sp. n. 1 holotype in oblique right lateral view (scale bar 1.0 mm) 2 holotype in oblique left lateral view (scale bar 1.0 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
Figure 3.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Electrotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotettix attenboroughi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Electrotettix attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
Heads &amp; Thomas, gen. et sp. n., explanatory drawing of holotype in oblique left lateral view (scale bar 1.0 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
Figure 4.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Electrotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotettix attenboroughi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Electrotettix attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
Heads &amp; Thomas, gen. et sp. n., frontal view of head capsule; the flower bud preserved alongside the head is visible to the left (scale bar 0.5 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
Figure 5.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Electrotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotettix attenboroughi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Electrotettix attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
Heads &amp; Thomas, gen. et sp. n., explanatory drawing of head capsule in frontal view (scale bar 0.5 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
Figures 6-7.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Electrotettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Electrotettix attenboroughi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Electrotettix attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
Heads &amp; Thomas, gen. et sp. n. 6 right hind wing (scale bar 0.25 mm) 7 detail of the superior marginal and medial areas of right metafemur (scale bar 0.25 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>