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<mods:title id="B8770A9C86972EF3619C28BFB54A6C03">Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia's Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="40FEC14938FE4782B902F0C1908627B8">Loughman, Zachary J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="60E4E268D8C0E6E21D184F7406F53B67" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60E4E268D8C0E6E21D184F7406F53B67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60E4E268D8C0E6E21D184F7406F53B67" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" scope_family="Cambaridae" scope_order="Decapoda">
<subSubSection id="335A2CC1D55FBB6CA7A7DEC2BA2B98CA" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8A0348661190F4D8DB1F226796A15EF0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="2F7F3D1CF2F78A35F6FA5A4E14FEB150" ID-CoL="7W5ZS" authority="Faxon, 1884" authorityName="Faxon" authorityYear="1884" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes ((Crockerinus)) sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii" subGenus="(Crockerinus)">Orconectes (Crockerinus) sanbornii (Faxon, 1884)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="12C6DA1ABB02AAED8C0D81B3134454F7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="77ADD3179FE3C0FF4F7B9B2650019385" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="B4DF0FB3FCAECDDD48CCF3709CD52D90" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Sanbornii)" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sanbornii">
<pageBreakToken id="46353FED576C7AF9E659841F47F32311" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">Cambarus</pageBreakToken>
Sanbornii
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="59ADBB40809621F20B2E5CE53468D47E" author="Faxon, W" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="107 - 158" title="Descriptions of new species of Cambarus; to which is added synonomical list of the known species of Cambarus and Astacus." volume="20" year="1884">Faxon 1884</bibRefCitation>
:128.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F764CCA0FB9AC1281B631C8CD29CC8E4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="638B4B99CC917A9F0CE4C578707F74D9" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus propinquus subsp. sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="propinquus" subSpecies="sanbornii">Cambarus propinquus sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="1F47EF7A6026DA3B81B4FAC1366CDF40" author="Faxon, W" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="356 - 361" title="A list of the Astacidae in the United States National Museum." volume="8" year="1885">Faxon 1885</bibRefCitation>
:91, figs. 3, 10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D8F099982BA6051309DF2DC65C840E5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="80F893A79BB00D88215BACDCAE45FBE3" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus propinquus" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinquus">Cambarus propinquus</taxonomicName>
var. sanbornii
<bibRefCitation id="B775BF1CA1F9ED1081323547AEEA87ED" author="Underwood, LM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="223 - 286" title="List of described species of freshwater crustacea from America north of Mexico." volume="2" year="1886">Underwood 1886</bibRefCitation>
:372.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="890F72B07ECADA2D1503077DF7C4305C" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="8E8962F5D38DFE168DCBD8B2214DC11D" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus propinquus" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinquus">Cambarus propinquus</taxonomicName>
var. sanbornii
<bibRefCitation id="4506B2F35803C326449F5981CE8D7F6A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Osborn and Williamson 1898</bibRefCitation>
:21
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="739049EB45963A662311BB0DAEE50B5C" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="57A74B1D84ED3067BD1404BAD4970751" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus propinquus subsp. sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="propinquus" subSpecies="sanbornii">Cambarus propinquus sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="3DB35CB1929E6E6EE14E877AF4FBA224" author="Faxon, W" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="643 - 694" title="Observations on the Astacidae in the United States National Museum and Museum of Comparative Zoology, with descriptions of new species." volume="22" year="1898">Faxon 1898</bibRefCitation>
:660.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A75AAA6502CE4F924E0FBAC67706139" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="7A69D2E13625BC972FA0168CF7F7C75F" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus propinquus subsp. sanborni" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="propinquus" subSpecies="sanborni">Cambarus propinquus sanborni</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="9C1627499C808A11CDC9A443E28BB584" author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="91 - 136" title="The mutual affinities of the species of Cambarus, and their dispersal over the United States." volume="44" year="1905 b">Ortmann 1905b</bibRefCitation>
:128.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A5FF2F70E2A22E80C1E737B8C2AA23F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="6BBBAF7FDCC9CF2BE3829F92CE8D052A" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Faxonius) propinquus subsp. sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="propinquus" subGenus="Faxonius" subSpecies="sanbornii">Cambarus (Faxonius) propinquus sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="FB67574869B3D59A3902065FEB9B9318" author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="343 - 523" title="The crawfishes of the state of Pennsylvania." volume="2" year="1906">Ortmann 1906</bibRefCitation>
:365.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A18D41FAD9179F243757F6887D8F2814" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="DF5B3800245BEEB546D7636FF8CC7C3C" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus obscurus subsp. sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="obscurus" subSpecies="sanbornii">Cambarus obscurus sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="B415AA1DC0B1EA5628DA2BAF946E0071" author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="343 - 523" title="The crawfishes of the state of Pennsylvania." volume="2" year="1906">Ortmann 1906</bibRefCitation>
:437.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E00F3A174EDBF2A8FB9C3F34AE877FD3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="2AA70175092385AD2B87B1E001156318" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Faxonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Faxonius sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Faxonius sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="50314350E48FA9E696F807C93CA8B2B5" author="Creaser, EP" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 9" title="Seasonal changes in male populations of Faxonius propinquus." volume="253" year="1933 a">Creaser 1933a</bibRefCitation>
:3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7CCD76389A409EC669744804DDC334DA" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="793ED3300E08CF7B7358A30F51E64444" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Faxonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Faxonius (Faxonius) sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii" subGenus="Faxonius">Faxonius (Faxonius) sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EEAED6BAC735450702F5B9C6C1593CE2" author="Creaser, EP" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 21" title="Descriptions of some new and poorly known species of North American crayfishes." volume="275" year="1933 b">Creaser 1933b</bibRefCitation>
:21.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="666560F9709014AD8423D1EE129E9B4A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="EA7A61E9948D87B86B4B8555FCA22C0A" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes propinquus subsp. sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="propinquus" subSpecies="sanbornii">Orconectes propinquus sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="6C713EA40AB6F98F30E0B8893C9BE7CA" author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="344 - 357" title="A generic revision of the crayfish subfamily Cambarinae (Decapoda: Astacidae), with the description of a new genus and species." volume="28" year="1942 a">Hobbs 1942a</bibRefCitation>
: 352.
<bibRefCitation id="56D35CC7CB3EA920624EE619449D593B" author="Fitzpatrick, JF Jr." journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="57 - 79" title="Geographic variation in the crawfish Faxonella clypeata (Hay) with the definition and defense of the genus Faxonella (Crustacea: Astacidae)." volume="10" year="1963">Fitzpatrick 1963</bibRefCitation>
:61.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EEB680DB1DD8FA9F0D5F0B7AF7E3A9E5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="6A3AECE458B1E69A0B12C46F49C9B2C1" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Orconectes) propinquus subsp. sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="propinquus" subGenus="Orconectes" subSpecies="sanbornii">Orconectes (Orconectes) propinquus sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="E0FB6BF3A4AD935FEEE5620FD480ADAC" author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="University of Florida Publications of Biological Science Series" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 179" title="Crayfishes of Florida." volume="3" year="1942 b">Hobbs 1942b</bibRefCitation>
:154.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B75B7D87BCD55B69F950A60BC6D64A8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="8660E5E3D6D095F1DE542D7F7547FBFB" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Faxonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Faxonius sanborni subsp. sanborni" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sanborni" subSpecies="sanborni">Faxonius sanborni sanborni</taxonomicName>
Creaser 1962:2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4EFBC7BC3F02564C416ADD613DE0B416" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="ED4D6D46394757AB6758D52667A64059" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii subsp. sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sanbornii" subSpecies="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="615D34A5BF51199B67603D05BED88FA5" author="Fitzpatrick, JF Jr." journalOrPublisher="Ohio Journal of Science" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="129 - 172" title="The Propinquus group of the crawfish genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Astacidae)." volume="67" year="1967">Fitzpatrick 1967</bibRefCitation>
:157, figs. 2-18, 23.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A859154BBC1132B8C48E77C2A86C23C9" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="AEB3131FC057BE5F682C86C0CAB154BC" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
Stevenson 1967:208.
<bibRefCitation id="443306B764ACDCB068B0D1A755961CAC" author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="25 - 38" title="Conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada." volume="21" year="1996">Taylor et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
:31.
<bibRefCitation id="770027A50D5781EFA2175E993FB749E8" author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="372 - 389" title="A reassessment of the conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada after 10 + years of increased awareness." volume="32" year="2007">Taylor et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
:385.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA9205DA05A2122E64BDC7FE0D113395" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="7FA4DF1B27458654BFA27CE8F4714E3C" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii subsp. sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sanbornii" subSpecies="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="22157D8B8313176F2B2518FF788F3D28" author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 161" title="A checklist of North and Middle America crayfishes (Decpaoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae)." volume="166" year="1974">Hobbs 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 40, fig. 121.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51BE0C4ABFCEAD659935E110C9EA3DA1" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="DB388F24243B8DEB2FF3B125864808EF" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Crockerinus) sanbornii subsp. sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sanbornii" subGenus="Crockerinus" subSpecies="sanbornii">Orconectes (Crockerinus) sanbornii sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="F59CEA59816208DF33C8E938AAFB8A3A" author="Fitzpatrick, JF Jr." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="44 - 74" title="The subgenera of the crawfish genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae)." volume="100" year="1987">Fitzpatrick 1987</bibRefCitation>
:50, fig 3.
<bibRefCitation id="7A35A77672031EEBE5F42571CECA0539" author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 236" title="An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae)." volume="480" year="1989">Hobbs 1989</bibRefCitation>
:37, fig.159.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB22E445A4415F805C8ACF05F8978AB8" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="2DF318CB22837B2898E6D29CA7BDD7F0" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Crockerinus) sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii" subGenus="Crockerinus">Orconectes (Crockerinus) sanbornii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="1F34A15FD081472461900955E313FDB4" author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
:35-43, figs. 15
<normalizedToken id="F0D34A6457A6891FEB63D92342FA0F12" originalValue="a–">a-</normalizedToken>
15h.
<bibRefCitation id="63EF39D891922F64A49C215663B36C74" author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" title="Crayfishes of Kentucky" volume="28" year="2004">Taylor and Schuster 2004</bibRefCitation>
:196-198, figs. 166, 167
<normalizedToken id="8BF09077D45FF8D34A22AE729E167AB9" originalValue="A–">A-</normalizedToken>
167G.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9E22D6C4CD1C53D7677912F8306E420E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="692689BE464DCE02892F6F7F3EF0F679" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3105DD47BF6DBF9DC1D166AEFA1C440" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rostrum with slghtly converging margins, not thickened, with marginal spines or tubercles; median carina absent. Cephalothorax ovoid, slightly, dorsoventrally compressed, without setae. Areola 3.4-9.3 times longer than wide, comprising 31-37% of TCL, with 2-3 rows of punctations across narrowest region; cervical groove interrupted just above cervical spine; lacking hepatic spines; suborbital angle obsolete. Antennal scale about 1.5 times as long as wide; basiopodite spine of antenna well developed; ischiopodite of antenna without spine. Chelae smooth, broad and robust, length 85% of TCL; mesial surface of palm with two well developed rows of tubercles; mesialmost row consisting of 7-11 tubercles; dorsolateral row with 7-11; lateral margin of propodus smooth, dorsal surfaces of both dactyl and fixed finger of propodus with weak dorsolateral ridges; some elongate setae at base of fixed finger. First form male gonopods short, comprising 30% of TCL, with two terminal elements about subequal length; corneous central projection comprising 16% of pleopod length, tapering distally to point; mesial process non-corneous, spatulate, partially surrounding central projection; cephalic base of central projection sloping, without right angle shoulder. Form two male gonopod non-corneous, blunt, shoulder not prominent or absent. Female annulus ventralis deeply embedded in sternum, moveable, wider than long, cephalolateral prominences flattened; fossa and sulcus shallow; sinus straight.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C7FE58FE05A4EDA15C211E5D793169D9" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="color in life">
<paragraph id="24600FB1A2EBD14F8636FE8F98E320BF" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Color in life.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3307779F1E07CB5168B45DD1C7BE775" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Carapace, abdomen and dorsal surface of chelae brown; rostral margins, caudal edge of carapace, and central surface of terga dark brown; tips of chelae and tubercles at dactyl base orange; tubercles on mesial and lateral margins of dactyl,
<pageBreakToken id="7D1EE5B701D42F24B2076C681AF67B4E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">mesial</pageBreakToken>
margin of palm, and mesial margin of fixed finger of propodus, and two spines or tubercles on anterodorsal surface of carpus, yellow; reddish stripe on lateral margin of chelae; ventral margins beige.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4DB567643730EA2540478CC7F0E19F0E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph id="D369DEF535977D60FB0B11D255728B5F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5FAA9546C530A2DF7819A5FC1D4FA61B" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="1BDB2AA8E82CE8A03298F141800CDD67" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
were collected from four counties at seven locations in the current study, as listed below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="884314F29577647858D9F2ADF55643A6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">JACKSON COUNTY: Little Mill Creek at crossing of RT 33 N 9.43 air km (5.86 mi) N of Ravenswood, 38.86171 -81.85407; 20 July 2006 - (WLU 06072001), 1 II♂, 2 ♀. Little Sandy Creek at intersection of RT 68/CR 8, 38.991497 -81.761765; 21 July 2006 - (WLU 06072103), 1 I♂, 1 II♂, 11 ♀, 4 Juv. MASON COUNTY: Sliding Creek at intersection of CR 4/RT 33, 38.999382 -81.987686; 20 July 2006 - (WLU 06072002), 2 I♂, 1 ♀. PLEASANTS COUNTY: Middle Island Creek at RT 2 crossing, 39.40328 -81.197624; 21 July 2006 - (WLU 06072104), 1 II♂, 2 ♀. WOOD COUNTY: Big Run at CR 21-1 crossing, 39.364048 -81.45656; 21 July 2006 - (WLU 06072106), 3 II♂, 5 ♀, 1 Juv. Lee Creek at CR 11 crossing, 39.153275 -81.73507; 21 July 2006 - (WLU 06072102), 1 II♂, 2 ♀. Nameless tributary crossing 3.54 km (2.2 mi) S of Parkersburg, 39.05142 -81.742836; 21 July 2006 - (WLU 05072105), 1 II♂, 1 ♀.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9F517B5CDA96F53E3930273FEE0C93C" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DCAA637CFF1FE4C03B9CC99873F43127" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D8B4922EE4FA3D3F30FBC3123C19D6D" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="63F3AE3C974E4E6156E2E33DE35D505B" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
occurs throughout the Middle Ohio river drainage in Ohio, West Virginia and Kentucky (
<bibRefCitation id="3D28AF93BD8C8381DDFE03065C797F9C" author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" title="Crayfishes of Kentucky" volume="28" year="2004">Taylor and Schuster 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Sites harboring
<taxonomicName id="A0001EBE1EC11277BABB6B2031C85620" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
are shown in Figure 19. The most northern historic populations of the species on the floodplain occurred in Fishing Creek, Wetzel County were recently replaced by southward expanding
<taxonomicName id="2D7FC7C07E0EE2DB13DAFCF84E1C81DA" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
populations.
<taxonomicName id="D36BABC5FC568F29A9F335FA7337EA50" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
is absent from lower reaches of Fishing Creek associated with the confluence of the Ohio River, and still is present in mid- and headwater sections of Fishing Creek (Loughman, unpublished data). Currently,
<taxonomicName id="55D09DF172C6EE97EE4F4A455D4D6CFF" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
inhabits the Middle Ohio North,
<pageBreakToken id="8476EF3EC4960B46D03E9CFA1041BC97" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">Middle</pageBreakToken>
Ohio South, and Lower Ohio basins (Figure 19). Within these basins,
<taxonomicName id="015416785CF841C2C5E0231A238BC005" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
is the only native orconectid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCED813E4E4086DBD55F7DFB21DE0E53" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="morphometrics">
<paragraph id="8DA7FB2AC73F10D1A39BDA4F5178645F" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Morphometrics.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="871457FBD3D1E0D0CD52E0C07A2D3166" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
The largest individual was a female with a 35.5 mm TCL from West Creek, Jackson County. The largest male was a form I with a TCL of 34.3 from West Creek. The mean TCL for
<taxonomicName id="F6314DDC9D9CE9C50FB845207E24975A" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
was 24.15 mm (n = 35, SE = 8.91). Morphometric data for
<taxonomicName id="2794ACC4A20ED182057BC12DDA437C19" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
is presented in Table 9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5C925FDA927E893D7D4B87E86359886F" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="habitat and natural history">
<paragraph id="945DE5FFD3913A5BAEC87E82D4F131EF" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Habitat and natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E0A2E60D0C94494D2EBC7DB06E32CA1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="A8970620994F4A6CE4E16F94DE90E182" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
(Figure 21) habitat requirements were similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="85E284177AE788FA905C41BC50D9C6D9" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="958C1FA49026F80992521C0609C9B75E" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
is typical of tertiary burrowing crayfish, and inhabited small-to large-sized streams. Slab boulders, leaf packs, and depositional environments were all habitats used by the species. Based on this study, the life cycle of
<taxonomicName id="ECDB5F9076CCEF8D1138459E8EEBA53B" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
mirrors that of
<taxonomicName id="108B4E0BA3624F65B1AF9A87F16245D8" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
(Table 9).
</paragraph>
<caption id="95921EB8070166776C9D979864A89383" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="BDDAB3D0FC4E16246BC694064F0741E9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Figure 21.
<taxonomicName id="F5EFEF58B0B1EF0371D1B583A8C98260" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
, Middle Ohio South, Jackson County, West Virginia - WLU 06072103
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9D8A048DEEAF70B841F181B1AF7CE3CC" ID-Table-UUID="9D8A048DEEAF70B841F181B1AF7CE3CC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9D8A048DEEAF70B841F181B1AF7CE3CC" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="589DFD687EB743FE92C46BF2BF12B50B" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Table 10. West Virginia Ohio River floodplain
<taxonomicName id="17BCE9375279D052FA5F0D713157240E" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
morphometrics.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A919114131842177069AD2A981AD3C65" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<table id="CFD5548CFA0A54C62D03DD9986EE2AF7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<tr id="52204D99760304DDFDF952ADDCFA0DD6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="3FFB1DB26F91F2DC5169C375FAB31DF4" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
<th id="885AAA73F5A87A917893B0530479BEA1" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">N</th>
<th id="AB0216924EB6D5DF573F68E622B10F8F" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Minimum</th>
<th id="CDB1A5059478D7EFAC5468D3A709D810" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Maximum</th>
<th id="8B3ED12D15A14FD8894C00D002195F54" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
<th id="04ABFC0DA4AEBDB0D61DA34C98B20D76" colspan="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Standard Deviation</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99291B9888F396DFE69EE1A5CDE5B264" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="EA13191506D596D3665466F3D6B48F98" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
demonstrated the same gregarious behavior observed in
<taxonomicName id="0FD9CB93B43ED9011FBE7D682C8981A3" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
. Behavioral differences observed between
<taxonomicName id="24E2BB710E48B938640FEB47B34DE68D" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8B641C00050EB755185B3467E8401E0D" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
specifically differed in the use of stream cover.In West Creek, Jackson County,
<taxonomicName id="9328A83372C4DB38AD3F8D51AE83C091" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
were observed exposed in the stream channel.
<taxonomicName id="644D4F62B2F2561D85F30CF28E51EA19" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
used interstitial spaces between boulder margins, and the majority of individuals were collected from exposed areas.
<taxonomicName id="53F7DF28CEEF5E3F93D9E9DA7BF335E6" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
were exposed mid-channel resting on the stream bottom with their antennae held posteriorly over their cephalothorax, and would not seek cover until prodded.
<taxonomicName id="07F0174FF48781D82B7BD01A7B5E4807" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orconectes</taxonomicName>
were noted for using cover less than cambarids in this study, but the extreme level of behavior observed in
<taxonomicName id="0E4BD4D32BE0EE6A57FF9CA8B59401A9" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
warrants special mention. Crayfish associates collected with
<taxonomicName id="CDE840F481846965320E0B66D4A9BD47" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
include
<taxonomicName id="F4FA316519ADF71CFF2E24B3BB872FAC" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus bartonii subsp. cavatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="bartonii" subSpecies="cavatus">Cambarus bartonii cavatus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CA7A2687E1BF6D131E937792EE62CAC7" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus thomai" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomai">Cambarus thomai</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="079594B9D4F36C9A08626D6640DEBF54" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="conservation status within study area">
<paragraph id="1E0265C3093C82C3E46844449EEEFA57" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Conservation status within study area.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1059DF4BF95D6AA67D457CD30564BB70" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
The ramifications of
<taxonomicName id="41575B65C133AEFF950DC8C9FF34A0FC" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes obscurus" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">Orconectes obscurus</taxonomicName>
expansion southward into historic ranges of
<taxonomicName id="DF16803541342818E057C6F03C6D4713" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
remains to be seen. This interaction needs to be monitored to determine the true relationship between these sibling species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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