551 lines
62 KiB
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551 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="8A036ACF2A3EFA4070A1DDA0F8C1EB2A" ID-CLB-Dataset="9775" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.719.1107" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7ca72f76-4fae-4305-8601-4662f4cd2b96" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4064324" ID-ZooBank="A4500016-C219-4353-B81C-5E0BB520547F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1601679165585" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Williams, Paul H., Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren, Byvaltsev, Alexandr, Jonghe, Roland De, Jaffar, Saleem, Japoshvili, George, Kahono, Sih, Liang, Huan, Mei, Maurizio, Monfared, Alireza, Nidup, Tshering, Raina, Rifat, Ren, Zongxin, Thanoosing, Chawatat, Zhao, Yanhui & Orr, Michael C." docDate="2020" docId="252087CA1F7B9502FDCEFACBDD73FD12" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-719_williams_altanchimeg_byvaltsev.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 719" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bombus rufofasciatus Smith 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="D919FFB21F429539FF87FFA1DC7AFFEB" masterDocTitle="Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698845993937" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="FBB7262665CC2E563AA27925FB4B9427">Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6713F737EFDE257D60314B2AFFCEC8BE">Williams, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="534FFBB1E391EA08B0CB8D262B022111">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK. Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia. Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium. South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia. Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia. Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy. Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran. Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan. Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India. Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3E7C77CA9F5B248F5E20F80074E63C81" type="email">paw@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="77EDF5B6D192A1D0FF699FFFB69B755C">Thanoosing, Chawatat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9C132727243CAF5437FBF9C359FB58E">Zhao, Yanhui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BAF4583346D3B9AF9DF96EC41F3A5BFE">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="65D0C06A54FC03E09EA6D7A2F59CEBD1">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="252087CA1F7B9502FDCEFACBDD73FD12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335608" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168220856" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335608" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F7B9502FDCEFACBDD73FD12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/252087CA1F7B9502FDCEFACBDD73FD12" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FDCEFACBDF91FA6E" ID-CoL="5WNQW" authority="Smith, 1852" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[585,1003,1386,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
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<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FDCEFACBDF2EFA6F" bold="true" box="[585,852,1386,1413]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bombus rufofasciatus</emphasis>
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Smith, 1852
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<figureCitation id="35B22A591F7B9500FD22FA2FDE84FA43" box="[677,766,1422,1448]" captionStart="Figs 12‒13" captionStartId="24.[189,241,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[205,1380,558,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-106@24.[189,1398,558,1810]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 12‒13. Maps of sequenced samples. 12. The rufipes-group and festivus-group. 13. The rufofasciatus- group as recognised as species from the UHF-PTP analysis in Fig. 10. Keys to the coloured symbols are shown on the left (in some cases symbols on the map for one species may overlie symbols for another). Maps projected onto a sphere in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap © 2014 ESRI and showing boundaries between countries as recognised by the UN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064336/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="35B22A591F7B9500FC8CFA2FDF2DFA43" box="[779,855,1422,1448]" captionStart="Figs 64–102" captionStartId="40.[189,240,1538,1564]" captionTargetBox="[338,1252,268,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-11@40.[335,1253,265,1505]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figs 64–102. Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for the species from the integrative analysis. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair. The rufofasciatus-group. 64. Queen, China-Yunnan. 65. Queen, China-Sichuan. 66. Worker, China-Xizang. 67. Worker, China- Xizang. 68. Worker, China-Gansu. 69. Male, China-Yunnan. 70. Male, China-Xizang. 71. Queen, India- Kashmir. 72. Queen, India-Kashmir. 73. Queen, Pakistan. 74. Worker, India-Kashmir. 75. Worker, India- Kashmir. 76. Male, Pakistan. 77. Male, India-Kashmir. 78. Queen, Burma. 79. Worker, Burma. 80. Worker, China-Xizang. 81. Worker, China-Xizang. 82. Male, Burma. 83. Queen, China-Sichuan. 84. Worker, China-Sichuan. 85. Worker, China-Sichuan. 86. Worker, China-Sichuan. 87. Worker, China-Sichuan. 88. Worker, China-Xizang. 89. Male, China-Sichuan. 90. Male, China-Sichuan. 91. Queen, China-Beijing. 92. Queen, China-Beijing. 93. Worker, China-Shanxi. 94. Worker, China-Beijing. 95. Worker, China- Beijing. 96. Male, China-Beijing. 97. Male, China-Beijing. 98. Queen, China-Taiwan. 99. Worker, China- Taiwan. 100. Worker, China-Taiwan. 101. Worker, China-Taiwan. 102. Male, China-Taiwan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064354/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">71–77</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="35B22A591F7B9500FCE4FA2FDFF5FA43" box="[867,911,1422,1448]" captionStart="Figs 181‒189" captionStartId="43.[189,241,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[244,1328,297,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[209,1378,265,1712]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 181‒189. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top. 181. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, China-Guangxi. 182. B. rufipes Lepeletier, 1835, Indonesia- Java. 183. B. festivus Smith, 1861, Nepal. 184. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, India-Himachal Pradesh. 185. B. miniatus Bingham, 1897, Bhutan. 186. B. eurythorax Wang, 1982 stat. rev., India-Kashmir. 187. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880 stat. rev., China-Sichuan. 188. B. rufofasciatus Smith, 1852, India- Kashmir. 189. B. richardsiellus (Tkalců, 1968), Burma (left volsella distal part missing). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064360/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">188</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F7B9500FF3AFA6EDEE0FA02" author="Smith F." box="[189,666,1487,1514]" page="48" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1852">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FF3AFA6EDEE0FA02" ID-CoL="254d4395-14c3-49d4-8966-e03fed41888c" authority="Smith, 1852 a: 48" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1852" box="[189,666,1487,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufo-fasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FF3AFA6EDDBCFA02" box="[189,454,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bombus rufo-fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F7B9500FE4AFA6EDEE0FA02" author="Smith F." box="[461,666,1487,1514]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="45 - 48" refId="ref70908" refString="Smith F. 1852 a. Descriptions of some hymenopterous insects from northern India. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 7 (2): 45 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1852. tb 02209. x" type="journal article" year="1852">Smith, 1852a: 48</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F7B9500FF3AFA53DF9BF9E6" blockId="57.[189,993,1487,1584]" box="[189,993,1522,1549]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F7B9500FF3AFA53DF9BF9E6" box="[189,993,1522,1549]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FF3AFA53DDC6F9E6" ID-CoL="5WNQW" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[189,444,1522,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FF3AFA53DDC6F9E6" box="[189,444,1522,1549]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bombus rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var. [subsp.]
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FDDAFA53DEA3F9E7" box="[605,729,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">championi</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F7B9500FD67FA53DFA7F9E6" author="Richards O. W." box="[736,989,1522,1549]" page="107" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1928">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F7B9500FD67FA53DFA7F9E6" author="Richards O. W." box="[736,989,1522,1549]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="107 - 108" refId="ref69965" refString="Richards O. W. 1928 a. Bombus and Volucella in the Himalayas. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 64: 107 - 108." type="journal article" year="1928">Richards, 1928a: 107</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F7B9500FF3AF9B7DEF6F9DB" blockId="57.[189,993,1487,1584]" box="[189,652,1558,1584]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F7B9500FF3AF9B7DEF6F9DB" box="[189,652,1558,1584]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F7B9500FF3AF9B7DEF2F9DB" author="Richards O. W." box="[189,648,1558,1584]" page="88" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1934">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FF3AF9B7DEF2F9DB" ID-CoL="MFY9" authority="Richards, 1934: 88" authorityName="Richards" authorityPageNumber="88" authorityYear="1934" box="[189,648,1558,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="waterstoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FF3AF9B7DDE5F9C4" box="[189,415,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bombus waterstoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F7B9500FE21F9B7DEF2F9DB" author="Richards O. W." box="[422,648,1558,1584]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="87 - 90" refId="ref70088" refString="Richards O. W. 1934. Some new species and varieties of oriental humble-bees (Hym. Bombidae). Stylops 3: 87 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1934. tb 01552. x" type="journal article" year="1934">Richards, 1934: 88</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F7B9503FF3AF9F6D8C4FC42" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F7B9500FF3AF9F6DDC7F915" blockId="57.[189,1399,1623,1790]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FF3AF9F6DDC0F99A" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[189,442,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FF3AF9F6DDC0F99A" box="[189,442,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bombus rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F7B9500FE47F9F9DD86F999" box="[448,508,1624,1650]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is revised here as a western species separate from the eastern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FB39F9F9D90CF99A" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1880" box="[1214,1398,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prshewalskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FB39F9F9D90CF99A" box="[1214,1398,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B. prshewalskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of their unique and strongly divergent species coalescents in the COI gene (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F7B9500FBFEF9DBD8B7F97F" box="[1145,1229,1658,1684]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1953,1979]" captionTargetBox="[233,1316,282,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-12@21.[233,1355,265,1914]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. October 2019 (Fig. 8) Bayesian PTP analysis of MrBayes tree of unique COI barcodes (UHF- PTP). Symbols as in Fig. 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064332/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), corroborated by differences in morphology. The morphological differences are subtle, but do appear to corroborate that the two are separate species within a morphologically more distinctive complex of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FB5AF960D90CF930" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1245,1398,1729,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FB5AF960D90CF930" box="[1245,1398,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F7B9500FF3AF945DC80F915" box="[189,250,1764,1790]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FE86F944DDCCF915" box="[257,438,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FE9AF945DDCCF915" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1880" box="[285,438,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prshewalskyi">prshewalskyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F7B9500FF3AF8BFD90DF82E" blockId="57.[189,1399,1822,1989]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Our PTP analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F7B9500FE20F8BFDE7BF8D3" box="[423,513,1822,1848]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1953,1979]" captionTargetBox="[233,1316,282,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-12@21.[233,1355,265,1914]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. October 2019 (Fig. 8) Bayesian PTP analysis of MrBayes tree of unique COI barcodes (UHF- PTP). Symbols as in Fig. 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064332/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) supports relatively strongly two coalescents in the COI gene for sister candidate species within a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FD88F8E0DED2F8B0" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[527,680,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FD88F8E0DED2F8B0" box="[527,680,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-complex: the west Himalayan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FBA8F8E3D894F8B0" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1071,1262,1857,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FBA8F8E3D83BF8B0" box="[1071,1089,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FBD2F8E0D894F8B0" box="[1109,1262,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F7B9500FB7BF8E3D945F8B7" box="[1276,1343,1858,1884]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F7B9500FF3AF8C4DD03F895" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1880" box="[189,377,1892,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prshewalskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FF3AF8C4DCB5F895" box="[189,207,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F7B9500FF67F8C5DD03F895" box="[224,377,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">prshewalskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the eastern QTP. The two coalescent groups differ in COI barcode sequences for at least 22 diagnostic nucleotide positions (3.3% of the barcode region, although some sequences are incomplete). These differences are all synonymous, making no difference to the amino acid sequences
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AFEA8D8C5FEAD" blockId="58.[189,1398,265,327]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">at translation. In contrast, examination of sequences for the slower-evolving PEPCK gene (even though it also includes faster-evolving intron regions) shows no diagnostic nucleotide changes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AFEC6D935FE2D" blockId="58.[189,1399,358,455]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
From morphology,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FE36FEC6DE09FE6B" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[433,627,358,385]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FE36FEC6DDB9FE6B" box="[433,451,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FE5DFEC7DE09FE6B" box="[474,627,358,384]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F789503FD04FEC6DEB2FE6A" box="[643,712,359,385]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has a slightly lighter colour pattern of the hair than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FF3AFE2BDD0FFE48" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1880" box="[189,373,393,420]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prshewalskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FF3AFE2BDCB5FE48" box="[189,207,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FF5BFE28DD0FFE48" box="[220,373,393,419]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">prshewalskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the females (larger workers and queens), with the white bands often appearing bright white. T2 of workers (and sometimes in the far west, also of queens) is often predominantly yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AFE4FD8C4FD37" blockId="58.[189,1399,494,732]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Current restrictions on collecting and sequencing in the areas where these two candidate species are most likely to occur in proximity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F789503FD92FDB0DE10FDC0" box="[533,618,529,555]" captionStart="Figs 12‒13" captionStartId="24.[189,241,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[205,1380,558,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-106@24.[189,1398,558,1810]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 12‒13. Maps of sequenced samples. 12. The rufipes-group and festivus-group. 13. The rufofasciatus- group as recognised as species from the UHF-PTP analysis in Fig. 10. Keys to the coloured symbols are shown on the left (in some cases symbols on the map for one species may overlie symbols for another). Maps projected onto a sphere in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap © 2014 ESRI and showing boundaries between countries as recognised by the UN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064336/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) make clarifying their status difficult. However, more evidence is needed to increase confidence in any interpretation of the status of these candidate species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FB5AFD95D90CFDA5" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1245,1398,564,590]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FB5AFD95D90CFDA5" box="[1245,1398,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F789503FF3AFDF9DC80FD99" box="[189,250,600,626]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FEB6FDF6DDB0FD9A" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1880" box="[305,458,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prshewalskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FEB6FDF6DDB0FD9A" box="[305,458,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">prshewalskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it remains possible with more sampling from the Himalaya that the two taxa could still prove to be parts of a single species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FD54FDDADFF6FD7E" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[723,908,635,661]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FD54FDDADFF6FD7E" box="[723,908,635,661]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B. rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F789503FC15FDDADFB5FD7E" box="[914,975,635,661]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Speciation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FB39FDDAD90CFD7E" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1214,1398,635,661]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FB39FDDAD90CFD7E" box="[1214,1398,635,661]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B. rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F789503FF3AFD3FDC81FD53" box="[189,251,670,696]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FEB2FD3EDD95FD53" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1880" box="[309,495,670,696]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prshewalskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FEB2FD3EDD95FD53" box="[309,495,670,696]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B. prshewalskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have arisen through vicariance between populations of the western and eastern Himalaya caused by a period of altered climate (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FCF0FD63DF87FD30" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[887,1021,706,731]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FCF0FD63DF87FD30" box="[887,1021,706,731]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FB8BFD63D8D4FD30" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[1036,1198,705,731]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FB8BFD63D8D4FD30" box="[1036,1198,705,731]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AFCA3D8C4FC42" blockId="58.[189,1399,770,938]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Females show size-dependent dimorphism in the colour pattern of the hair: large queens vary from having T2 black with a few yellow hairs (in the east) to having T2 predominantly yellow (in the far west in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F789503FE9FFCE8DD07FC8F" box="[280,381,841,868]" name="Pakistan" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and T4 is white; whereas the smaller workers have T2 extensively yellow and T4 red. Males have a similar colour pattern to the workers. That the castes and sexes are conspecific has been confirmed from examining variation within one colony from Kashmir (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F789503FC79FC2ED8CBFC42" author="Williams P. H." box="[1022,1201,911,937]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F789503FF3AFC71DD2BFBF2" box="[189,337,976,1049]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AFC71DD4CFC01" blockId="58.[189,310,976,1002]" box="[189,310,976,1002]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F789503FF3AFC71DD4CFC01" bold="true" box="[189,310,976,1002]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FF3AFC71DD4CFC01" bold="true" box="[189,310,976,1002]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF6DFC5EDD2BFBF2" blockId="58.[189,1399,1023,1190]" box="[234,337,1023,1049]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FF6DFC5EDD2BFBF2" bold="true" box="[234,337,1023,1049]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Females</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F789503FF3AFB82D8CFFA35" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AFB82DE31FB4D" blockId="58.[189,1399,1023,1190]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Queens medium-sized body length
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F789503FDF6FB82DE82FBD6" box="[625,760,1059,1085]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="20.0">20–23 mm</quantity>
|
||
, workers
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F789503FCF4FB83DF80FBD6" box="[883,1018,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Can be distinguished by their combination of the hair of T5 white and the hair on the side of the thorax white only in the dorsal half (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FF6CFBCBDDECFB68" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1928" box="[235,406,1129,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ladakhensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FF6CFBCBDDECFB68" box="[235,406,1129,1155]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B. ladakhensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), closely similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FDFCFBCBDF49FB68" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1880" box="[635,819,1129,1155]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prshewalskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FDFCFBCBDF49FB68" box="[635,819,1129,1155]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B. prshewalskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but tending to have T2 with more yellow hair and the scutellum with less black hair.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF6DFB6FDD4FFB03" blockId="58.[189,1399,1230,1502]" box="[234,309,1230,1256]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FF6DFB6FDD4FFB03" bold="true" box="[234,309,1230,1256]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Males</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AFB50D8CFFA35" blockId="58.[189,1399,1230,1502]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F789503FED5FB50DDA8FAE0" box="[338,466,1265,1291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">14–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Can be distinguished reliably at present only by their COI sequence, but tending to have T2 with more yellow hair and the scutellum with less black hair (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FBBEFAB4D889FAC5" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1880" box="[1081,1267,1300,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prshewalskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FBBEFAB4D889FAC5" box="[1081,1267,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B. prshewalskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F789503FF41FA96DD53FABA" box="[198,297,1335,1361]" captionStart="Figs 181‒189" captionStartId="43.[189,241,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[244,1328,297,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[209,1378,265,1712]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 181‒189. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top. 181. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, China-Guangxi. 182. B. rufipes Lepeletier, 1835, Indonesia- Java. 183. B. festivus Smith, 1861, Nepal. 184. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, India-Himachal Pradesh. 185. B. miniatus Bingham, 1897, Bhutan. 186. B. eurythorax Wang, 1982 stat. rev., India-Kashmir. 187. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880 stat. rev., China-Sichuan. 188. B. rufofasciatus Smith, 1852, India- Kashmir. 189. B. richardsiellus (Tkalců, 1968), Burma (left volsella distal part missing). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064360/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 188</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the gonostylus much reduced, less than a quarter as long on its outer side as broad, with the distal edge concave and the inner distal corner with two pronounced adjacent acute teeth, the proximal tooth often slightly shorter than the distal tooth (cf. other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FCDDFADFDF89FA73" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[858,1011,1406,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FCDDFADFDF89FA73" box="[858,1011,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species); volsella with the inner distal corner produced as a narrow curved hook (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FCB4FA00DFD2FA50" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[819,936,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FCDFFA00DFD2FA50" box="[856,936,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FB84FA03D8E1FA50" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1027,1179,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FB84FA03D8E1FA50" box="[1027,1179,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B. simillimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FB2FFA00D95BFA50" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1192,1313,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapidarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FB2FFA00D95BFA50" box="[1192,1313,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">lapidarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FF3AFA65DD68FA35" authorityName="Radoszkowski" authorityYear="1859" box="[189,274,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FF3AFA65DD68FA35" box="[189,274,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">sichelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FEE8FA65DDADFA35" authorityName="F. Morawitz" authorityYear="1887" box="[367,471,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FEE8FA65DDADFA35" box="[367,471,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">keriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group); antenna short and eye enlarged relative to female eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F789502FF3AF9A4DF28FE82" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AF9A4DDD0F9F4" blockId="58.[189,426,1541,1567]" box="[189,426,1541,1567]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F789503FF3AF9A4DDD0F9F4" bold="true" box="[189,426,1541,1567]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FF3AF9A4DDD0F9F4" bold="true" box="[189,426,1541,1567]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF6DF995DD1CF9A5" blockId="58.[189,1399,1588,1685]" box="[234,358,1588,1614]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FF6DF995DD1CF9A5" bold="true" box="[234,358,1588,1614]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F789503FF6DF995DD1CF9A5" box="[234,358,1588,1614]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AF9F6DE07F97E" blockId="58.[189,1399,1588,1685]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F789503FF3AF9F6DE07F97E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606497" collectionCode="NHMUK, PW" country="India" location="INDIA" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F789503FF3AF9F6DD74F99A" box="[189,270,1623,1649]" name="India" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F789503FEAEF9F9DD45F999" box="[297,319,1624,1650]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(queen),
|
||
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F789503FE37F9F6DE66F99A" box="[432,540,1623,1649]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F789503FDC3F9F6DFA7F999" authority="Smith, 1852" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[580,989,1623,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FDC3F9F6DF3EF99A" box="[580,836,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Bombus rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
Smith, 1852
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by designation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F789503FB3EF9F6D908F99A" author="Tkalcu B." box="[1209,1394,1623,1650]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="311 - 349" refId="ref71597" refString="Tkalcu B. 1974 a. Eine Hummel-Ausbeute aus dem Nepal-Himalaya (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Bombinae). Senckenbergiana biologica 55: 311 - 349." type="journal article" year="1974">Tkalců (1974a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; “N.[orth]”;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F789503FEC1F9DADDCFF97E" box="[326,437,1659,1685]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
(examined
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F789503FDB8F9DADE0AF97E" box="[575,624,1659,1685]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AF91ADE27F93C" blockId="58.[189,605,1723,1751]" box="[189,605,1723,1751]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F789503FF3AF91ADDC8F93D" bold="true" box="[189,434,1723,1750]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Material sequenced</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F789503FE44F91DDE2FF93C" box="[451,597,1724,1751]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AF94BD89BF8A0" blockId="58.[189,1399,1770,1867]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F789503FF3AF94BDD9BF8C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606321" collectingDate="2017-09-05" collectionCode="UAP" collectorName="S. Jaffar" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.7093" location="upper Memosh" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.1208" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="ML256" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F789503FF3AF94BDD33F8EF" box="[189,329,1770,1796]" name="Pakistan" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
• 1 ♂;
|
||
<location id="A85660071F789503FE20F94ADE25F8EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F7B9502FDCEFACBDD73FD12:A85660071F789503FE20F94ADE25F8EF" box="[423,607,1770,1797]" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.7093" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.1208" name="upper Memosh" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">upper Memosh</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F789503FDEAF94BDE83F8EE" box="[621,761,1770,1797]" degrees="34.7093" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="5" value="34.7093">34.7093° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F789503FC8FF94BDFE8F8EE" box="[776,914,1770,1797]" degrees="76.1208" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="5" value="76.1208">76.1208° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F789503FC26F94BD84EF8EF" box="[929,1076,1770,1797]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="2017-09-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F789503FC26F94BD84EF8EF" box="[929,1076,1770,1797]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="2017-09-05">5 Sep. 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F789503FBC4F94BD8DCF8EF" box="[1091,1190,1770,1796]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. Jaffar</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 1555E08;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F789503FEBDF8AFDD03F8C3" box="[314,377,1806,1832]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">UAP</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F789503FE0EF8ACDD9BF8C3" box="[393,481,1805,1832]" collectionCode="UAP" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ML256</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F789503FD85F8AFDD6FF8A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606460" collectingDate="2017-09-05" collectionCode="UAP" collectorName="S. Jaffar" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.7093" location="upper Memosh" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.1208" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="ML257" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 1555E09;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F789503FAB3F8AFD909F8C3" box="[1332,1395,1806,1832]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">UAP</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F789503FF3AF891DD6FF8A0" box="[189,277,1840,1867]" collectionCode="UAP" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ML257</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F789503FEA9F890D8A4F8A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606312" box="[302,1246,1840,1867]" collectingDate="2017-09-05" collectionCode="UAP" collectorName="S. Jaffar" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.7093" location="upper Memosh" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.1208" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="ML421" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 6877H05;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F789503FBB0F890D80CF8A0" box="[1079,1142,1841,1867]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">UAP</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F789503FB06F890D8A4F8A0" box="[1153,1246,1841,1867]" collectionCode="UAP" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ML421</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F789503FF3AF8D3DF0FF844" blockId="58.[189,1399,1906,1968]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F789503FF3AF8D3DF0BF844" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606531" collectingDate="1990-08-18" collectionCode="PW" collectorName="S. Cameron" country="India" latitude="30.7291" location="Badrinath Valley of Flowers" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="79.6193" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="ML389" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F789503FF3AF8D3DD74F867" box="[189,270,1906,1932]" name="India" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F789503FEABF8D3DD21F866" box="[300,347,1906,1933]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(worker);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F789503FE5AF8D3DE0BF867" box="[477,625,1906,1932]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F789503FDF8F8D3DFAFF867" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F7B9502FDCEFACBDD73FD12:A85660071F789503FDF8F8D3DFAFF867" box="[639,981,1906,1932]" country="India" latitude="30.7291" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="79.6193" name="Badrinath Valley of Flowers" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Badrinath Valley of Flowers</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F789503FC63F8D3D80BF866" box="[996,1137,1906,1933]" degrees="30.7291" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="5" value="30.7291">30.7291° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F789503FBF8F8D3D972F866" box="[1151,1288,1906,1933]" degrees="79.6193" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="5" value="79.6193">79.6193° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F789503FA90F8D3DC81F844" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1990-08-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F789503FA90F8D3DC81F844" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1990-08-18">18 Aug. 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F789503FE80F834DDE8F844" box="[263,402,1941,1967]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">S. Cameron</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 6877E07;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F789503FD5CF837DF71F85B" box="[731,779,1942,1968]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F789503FC92F834DF0BF844" box="[789,881,1941,1967]" collectionCode="PW" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ML389</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F799502FF3AFEA8DF28FE82" blockId="59.[189,1399,265,362]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F799502FF3AFEA8DE61FEAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606495" collectingDate="2007-06-02" collectionCode="NME" collectorName="F. Creutzburg" country="Nepal" latitude="29.4667" location="Churta" longLatPrecision="4836" longitude="82.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="ML213" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Karnali">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F799502FF3AFEA8DD62FEC8" box="[189,280,265,291]" name="Nepal" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F799502FEB0FEA8DD37FEC8" box="[311,333,265,291]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(queen);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F799502FE43FEA8DE65FEC8" box="[452,543,265,291]" country="Nepal" name="Karnali" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Karnali</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F799502FDAAFEA8DEFBFEC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F7B9502FDCEFACBDD73FD12:A85660071F799502FDAAFEA8DEFBFEC8" box="[557,641,265,291]" country="Nepal" latitude="29.4667" longLatPrecision="4836" longitude="82.1" name="Churta" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Karnali">Churta</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F799502FD17FEA8DF67FEC8" box="[656,797,265,291]" degrees="29.4667" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="29.4667">29.4667° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F799502FCABFEA8DFF1FEC8" box="[812,907,265,291]" degrees="82.1" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5555" value="82.1">82.1° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F799502FC1DFEA8D856FEC8" box="[922,1068,265,291]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2007-06-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F799502FC1DFEA8D856FEC8" box="[922,1068,265,291]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2007-06-02">2 Jun. 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F799502FBBCFEA8D8A4FEC8" box="[1083,1246,265,291]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">F. Creutzburg</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 1551H08;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F799502FEF5FE8CDDC2FEAC" box="[370,440,301,327]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/87iw-xebj" name="Sammlung des Naturkundemseum Erfurt" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">NME</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F799502FE44FE8DDE61FEAD" box="[451,539,300,326]" collectionCode="NME" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/87iw-xebj" name="Sammlung des Naturkundemseum Erfurt" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">ML213</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F799502FDB2FE8CDF34FE82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606322" collectingDate="2007-06-07" collectionCode="NME" collectorName="F. Creutzburg" country="Nepal" latitude="29.1972" location="Gothichaur" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="82.3083" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="ML214" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Karnali">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F799502FDB2FE8CDE31FEAC" box="[565,587,301,327]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(queen);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F799502FD3AFE8DDF62FEAD" box="[701,792,300,326]" country="Nepal" name="Karnali" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Karnali</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F799502FCA3FE8DDFD6FEAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F7B9502FDCEFACBDD73FD12:A85660071F799502FCA3FE8DDFD6FEAD" box="[804,940,300,326]" country="Nepal" latitude="29.1972" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="82.3083" name="Gothichaur" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Karnali">Gothichaur</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F799502FC3FFE8DD839FEAC" box="[952,1091,300,327]" degrees="29.1972" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="29.1972">29.1972° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F799502FBD7FE8DD8A2FEAC" box="[1104,1240,300,327]" degrees="82.3083" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="82.3083">82.3083° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F799502FB62FE8CD908FEAD" box="[1253,1394,300,327]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2007-06-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F799502FB62FE8CD908FEAD" box="[1253,1394,300,327]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2007-06-07">7 Jun. 2007</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F799502FF3AFEF1DD27FE82" box="[189,349,335,362]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">F. Creutzburg</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 1551H07;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F799502FD2EFEF1DE90FE81" box="[681,746,336,362]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/87iw-xebj" name="Sammlung des Naturkundemseum Erfurt" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">NME</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F799502FD75FEEEDF34FE82" box="[754,846,335,361]" collectionCode="NME" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/87iw-xebj" name="Sammlung des Naturkundemseum Erfurt" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">ML214</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F799502FF3AFE31DE1EFDCB" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F799502FF3AFE31DDD7FE41" blockId="59.[189,429,400,426]" box="[189,429,400,426]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F799502FF3AFE31DDD7FE41" bold="true" box="[189,429,400,426]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F799502FF3AFE31DDD7FE41" bold="true" box="[189,429,400,426]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Global distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F799502FF3AFE1EDE1EFDCB" blockId="59.[189,1398,447,544]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
(West Himalayan mountain species)
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F799502FD04FE1EDE87FE32" bold="true" box="[643,765,447,473]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Himalaya</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F799502FC95FE1EDFDBFE32" box="[786,929,447,473]" name="Pakistan" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F799502FC34FE61D871FE31" box="[947,1035,448,474]" name="India" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Kashmir,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F799502FB14FE1ED908FE32" box="[1171,1394,447,473]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Uttaranchal;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F799502FEDEFE42DDC3FE16" box="[345,441,483,509]" name="Nepal" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
|
||
. (NHMUK, NME, NMS, PW, SEHU, UAP.) The species is widely distributed within its range and often abundant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F799502FF3AFDE6DD73FD12" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F799502FF3AFDE6DD45FD8A" blockId="59.[189,319,583,609]" box="[189,319,583,609]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F799502FF3AFDE6DD45FD8A" bold="true" box="[189,319,583,609]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F799502FF3AFDE6DD45FD8A" bold="true" box="[189,319,583,609]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Behaviour</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F799502FF3AFDD7DD73FD12" blockId="59.[189,1398,630,761]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
A colony of this species has been found underground (under large rocks) in a subalpine meadow at
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F799502FF3AFD38DD6EFD58" box="[189,276,665,691]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. in Kashmir (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F799502FE63FD38DEEFFD58" author="Williams P. H." box="[484,661,665,691]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Food-plant generalists and the male mate-searching behaviour is truly territorial with collisions between males in flight and replacement in perch occupancy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F799502FA8DFD1DDC86FD12" author="Williams P. H." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |