660 lines
76 KiB
XML
660 lines
76 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="35D53F564037DA2DB81ED66A7527437E">Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="68BA3AC1B9CF0073A4755025F3492930">Williams, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="78D6EE3D2EE67E776F05C87602AB37C0">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK. Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia. Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium. South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia. Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia. Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy. Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran. Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan. Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India. Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="126EB5697C0980E2A35D8FAB2F1B6193">Liang, Huan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C4B39818792ABD69CAD67EE0E6AF437">Ren, Zongxin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0279F68864C84BFA200CB4750BA1D1FC">Zhao, Yanhui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0FC172B5072C3D7907196717D50C72A">Orr, Michael C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E42329B5D9D8A16D8FD5FC4DD6C8F696">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F97FC13E9F437798EC9060C8A8160FF8">
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<mods:date id="AAFA3961A44A2501CE7C2603C0317117">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="252087CA1F71950CFDD6F98CDF53FBA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335620" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168220859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335620" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F71950CFDD6F98CDF53FBA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/252087CA1F71950CFDD6F98CDF53FBA3" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFDD6F98CDF99F9AC" ID-CoL="MFPS" authority="Bingham, 1897" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[593,995,1581,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniatus">
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<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFDD6F98CDF5CF9AC" bold="true" box="[593,806,1581,1608]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bombus miniatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFCAAF98CDF99F9AC" author="Bingham C. T." box="[813,995,1581,1607]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref63805" refString="Bingham C. T. 1897. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera. Vol. I. Wasps and Bees. Taylor & Francis, London." type="book" year="1897">Bingham, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFD22F9F1DFF5F980" blockId="51.[593,995,1581,1643]" box="[677,911,1616,1643]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<figureCitation id="35B22A591F71950AFD22F9F1DE84F980" box="[677,766,1616,1643]" captionStart="Figs 12‒13" captionStartId="24.[189,241,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[205,1380,558,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-106@24.[189,1398,558,1810]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 12‒13. Maps of sequenced samples. 12. The rufipes-group and festivus-group. 13. The rufofasciatus- group as recognised as species from the UHF-PTP analysis in Fig. 10. Keys to the coloured symbols are shown on the left (in some cases symbols on the map for one species may overlie symbols for another). Maps projected onto a sphere in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap © 2014 ESRI and showing boundaries between countries as recognised by the UN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064336/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs 13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="35B22A591F71950AFC8CF9F1DF2DF980" box="[779,855,1616,1643]" captionStart="Figs 25–63" captionStartId="39.[189,241,1532,1558]" captionTargetBox="[370,1216,268,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-11@39.[368,1219,265,1499]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figs 25–63. Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for the species from the integrative analysis. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair. The rufipes-group. 25. Queen, China-Taiwan. 26. Queen, China-Guangdong. 27. Worker, China-Sichuan. 28. Worker, Thailand. 29. Queen, Nepal. 30. Male, China-Sichuan. 31. Male, China-Sichuan. 32. Male, Thailand. 33. Male, Nepal. 34. Male, Nepal. 35. Queen, Indonesia-Sumatra. 36. Queen, Indonesia-Java. 37. Male, Indonesia-Java. The festivus-group. 38. Queen, Nepal. 39. Queen, China-Sichuan. 40. Worker, China- Sichuan. 41. Worker, China-Xizang. 42. Worker, China-Yunnan. 43. Male, Nepal. 44. Male, China- Yunnan. 45. Male, China-Yunnan. The rufofasciatus-group. 46. Queen, India-Kashmir. 47. Worker, India-Kashmir. 48. Male, India-Kashmir. 49. Male, India-Kashmir. 50. Queen, India-Arunachal Pradesh. 51. Queen, Bhutan. 52. Worker, Bhutan. 53. Worker, Bhutan. 54. Male, Bhutan. 55. Queen, India-Kashmir. 56. Queen, India-Kashmir. 57. Worker, India-Kashmir. 58. Worker, India-Kashmir. 59. Worker, India- Kashmir. 60. Worker, Pakistan. 61. Male, India-Kashmir. 62. Male, India-Kashmir. 63. Male, Nepal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064352/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">50–54</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="35B22A591F71950AFCE4F9F1DFF5F980" box="[867,911,1616,1643]" captionStart="Figs 181‒189" captionStartId="43.[189,241,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[244,1328,297,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[209,1378,265,1712]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 181‒189. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top. 181. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, China-Guangxi. 182. B. rufipes Lepeletier, 1835, Indonesia- Java. 183. B. festivus Smith, 1861, Nepal. 184. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, India-Himachal Pradesh. 185. B. miniatus Bingham, 1897, Bhutan. 186. B. eurythorax Wang, 1982 stat. rev., India-Kashmir. 187. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880 stat. rev., China-Sichuan. 188. B. rufofasciatus Smith, 1852, India- Kashmir. 189. B. richardsiellus (Tkalců, 1968), Burma (left volsella distal part missing). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064360/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">185</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F71950AFF3AF933DEFDF93B" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F71950AFF3AF933DEB5F946" author="Bingham C. T." box="[189,719,1682,1709]" page="552" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1897">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFF3AF933DEB5F946" ID-CoL="MFJJ" authority="Bingham, 1897: 552" authorityName="Bingham" authorityPageNumber="552" authorityYear="1897" box="[189,719,1682,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavothoracicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AF933DDA2F947" box="[189,472,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bombus flavothoracicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFE58F933DEB5F946" author="Bingham C. T." box="[479,719,1682,1709]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref63805" refString="Bingham C. T. 1897. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera. Vol. I. Wasps and Bees. Taylor & Francis, London." type="book" year="1897">Bingham, 1897: 552</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(non
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F71950AFC93F933DFACF947" author="Hoffer E." box="[788,982,1682,1708]" page="49" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFC93F933DFACF947" author="Hoffer E." box="[788,982,1682,1708]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="82 - 158" refId="ref66444" refString="Hoffer E. 1889. Die Schmarotzerhummeln Steiermarks. Lebensgeschichte und Beschreibung derselben. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Steiermark 25: 82 - 158." type="journal article" year="1889">Hoffer, 1889: 49</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFC71F932D974F947" ID-CoL="MFFQ" authority="(Panzer))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1014,1294,1682,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFC71F932D8EFF947" box="[1014,1173,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B. campestris</emphasis>
|
||
(Panzer))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F71950AFF3AF914DEFEF93B" author="Bingham C. T." box="[189,644,1717,1744]" page="553" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1897">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFF3AF914DEFEF93B" ID-CoL="MFPS" authority="Bingham, 1897: 553" authorityName="Bingham" authorityPageNumber="553" authorityYear="1897" box="[189,644,1717,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AF914DDF2F924" box="[189,392,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bombus miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFE08F914DEFEF93B" author="Bingham C. T." box="[399,644,1717,1744]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref63805" refString="Bingham C. T. 1897. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera. Vol. I. Wasps and Bees. Taylor & Francis, London." type="book" year="1897">Bingham, 1897: 553</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AF979DEB8F919" blockId="51.[189,1298,1682,1779]" box="[189,706,1752,1779]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F71950AFF3AF979DEB8F919" box="[189,706,1752,1779]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFF3AF979DDD4F919" ID-CoL="MFVV" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,430,1752,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenothorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AF979DDD4F919" box="[189,430,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bombus stenothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
S.-F.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F71950AFE75F978DEC5F919" author="Wang S. - F." box="[498,703,1752,1779]" page="439" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1982">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFE75F978DEC5F919" author="Wang S. - F." box="[498,703,1752,1779]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="427 - 447" refId="ref72195" refString="Wang S. - F. 1982. Hymenoptera: Apidae - Bombus. In: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Investigation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ed.) Insects of Xizang: 427 - 447. Science Press, Beijing." type="book chapter" year="1982">Wang, 1982: 439</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AF8BBD855F8DF" blockId="51.[189,1071,1818,1844]" box="[189,1071,1818,1844]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F71950AFF3AF8BBD855F8DF" box="[189,1071,1818,1844]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFF3AF8BBDDECF8DF" ID-CoL="MFT3" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1890" box="[189,406,1818,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyrosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AF8BBDDECF8DF" box="[189,406,1818,1844]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bombus pyrosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part) –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F71950AFE7CF8BBDE99F8DF" author="Williams P. H." box="[507,739,1818,1844]" page="101" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFE7CF8BBDE99F8DF" author="Williams P. H." box="[507,739,1818,1844]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991: 101</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(non
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F71950AFCA0F8BBD859F8DF" author="Morawitz F. F." box="[807,1059,1818,1844]" page="349" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1890">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFCA0F8BBD859F8DF" author="Morawitz F. F." box="[807,1059,1818,1844]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="349 - 385" refId="ref68458" refString="Morawitz F. F. 1890. Insecta a cl. G. N. Potanin in China et in Mongolia novissime lecta. XIV. Hymenoptera Aculeata. II). III. Apidae. Trudy Russkago entomologicheskago obshchestva 24: 349 - 385." type="journal article" year="1890">Morawitz, 1890: 349</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F71950DFF3AF8FADFD4FAB9" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F71950AFF3AF8FAD90DF834" blockId="51.[189,1399,1883,2015]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFF3AF8FADDF2F89E" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[189,392,1883,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFF3AF8FADDF2F89E" box="[189,392,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bombus miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F71950AFE17F8FDDDAAF89E" box="[400,464,1883,1910]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was treated as a widespread Himalayan species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F71950AFBB5F8FAD88FF89E" author="Williams P. H." box="[1074,1269,1883,1909]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="79 - 152" refId="ref72435" refString="Williams P. H. 1998. An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of The Natural History Museum (Entomology) 67: 79 - 152. Available and updated from www. nhm. ac. uk / bombus / [accessed 2019]." type="journal article" year="1998">Williams (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, to include the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFEB3F8DFDDCFF873" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[308,437,1918,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFEB3F8DFDDCFF873" box="[308,437,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Here,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFD88F8DEDEEDF873" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[527,663,1919,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFD88F8DEDEEDF873" box="[527,663,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F71950AFD27F8DEDEA5F872" box="[672,735,1919,1945]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is recognised as a narrowly distributed east Himalayan species, separate from the west Himalayan species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F71950AFC9FF803DFC1F850" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[792,955,1953,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F71950AFC9FF803DFC1F850" box="[792,955,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of their unique and strongly divergent species coalescents in the COI gene (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F71950AFD7DF864DF2EF834" box="[762,852,1989,2015]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1953,1979]" captionTargetBox="[233,1316,282,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-12@21.[233,1355,265,1914]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. October 2019 (Fig. 8) Bayesian PTP analysis of MrBayes tree of unique COI barcodes (UHF- PTP). Symbols as in Fig. 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064332/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), corroborated by differences in morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F76950DFF3AFEA8D851FEAC" blockId="52.[189,1398,265,327]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The morphological differences are subtle, but do appear to support the two as separate species within a morphologically more distinctive complex of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFD50FE8CDF46FEAD" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[727,828,301,326]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFD50FE8CDF46FEAD" box="[727,828,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFCC3FE8CDFFBFEAC" box="[836,897,301,327]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFC0FFE8CD85EFEAD" box="[904,1060,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFC24FE8DD85EFEAD" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[931,1060,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">eurythorax</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F76950DFF3AFECFD80DFDFF" blockId="52.[189,1399,366,533]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Our PTP analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F76950DFE27FECFDD8DFE63" box="[416,503,366,392]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1953,1979]" captionTargetBox="[233,1316,282,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-12@21.[233,1355,265,1914]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. October 2019 (Fig. 8) Bayesian PTP analysis of MrBayes tree of unique COI barcodes (UHF- PTP). Symbols as in Fig. 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064332/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) supports relatively strongly two coalescents in the COI gene for the west Himalayan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFEC3FE33DD9EFE40" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[324,484,401,427]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFEC3FE33DD9EFE40" box="[324,484,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the east Himalayan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFC80FE33DFF6FE40" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[775,908,402,427]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFC80FE33DFF6FE40" box="[775,908,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFC15FE30DFB4FE40" box="[914,974,401,427]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(sequenced here only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F76950DFA96FE30D911FE47" box="[1297,1387,401,428]" name="Bhutan" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The two coalescent groups differ in COI barcode sequences for at least 21 diagnostic nucleotide positions (3.1% of the barcode region, although some sequences are incomplete). These nucleotide differences are all synonymous, making no difference to the amino acid sequences at translation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F76950DFF3AFD9DD932FCC2" blockId="52.[189,1399,572,810]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
From morphology,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFE1AFD9CDE5BFDBD" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[413,545,573,598]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFE1AFD9CDE5BFDBD" box="[413,545,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFDAFFD9DDE1EFDBD" box="[552,612,572,598]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has a paler colour pattern than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFC48FD9CD814FDBD" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[975,1134,572,598]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFC48FD9CDF9BFDBD" box="[975,993,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFC68FD9DD814FDBD" box="[1007,1134,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the females (larger workers and queens). The pale hair is also more extensively intermixed in the dark band between the wing bases for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFEAAFD22DDC8FD77" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[301,434,643,668]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFEAAFD22DDC8FD77" box="[301,434,643,668]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFE3EFD22DD8DFD76" box="[441,503,643,669]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
All of the larger females (queens and workers) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFBC4FD22D8B2FD77" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[1091,1224,643,669]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFBC4FD22D82FFD77" box="[1091,1109,643,668]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFBE3FD22D8B2FD77" box="[1124,1224,643,668]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFB57FD22D977FD76" box="[1232,1293,643,669]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have the yellow bands on the thorax and T1 grey or cream-white (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F76950DFC09FD04D8FBFD2B" author="Streinzer M. & Chakravorty J. & Neumayer J. & Megu K. & Narah J. & Schmitt T. & Bharti H. & Spaethe J. & Brockmann A." box="[910,1153,677,704]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="71 - 89" refId="ref71282" refString="Streinzer M., Chakravorty J., Neumayer J., Megu K., Narah J., Schmitt T., Bharti H., Spaethe J. & Brockmann A. 2019. Species composition and elevational distribution of bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) in the East Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, India. ZooKeys 851: 71 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 851.32956" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Streinzer
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFC78FD07D841FD54" box="[1023,1083,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: their supplementary fig. 2B) rather than yellow or brown as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFD1DFD68DF4DFD08" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[666,823,713,739]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFD1DFD68DED6FD09" box="[666,684,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFD3FFD68DF4DFD08" box="[696,823,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFCC4FD68D870FD09" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[835,1034,713,739]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFCC4FD68D870FD09" box="[835,1034,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Bombus miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFB89FD68D832FD08" box="[1038,1096,713,739]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
queens have T2 often with few pale hairs anteriorly. Males from Lungtenphu in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F76950DFCB6FD4DDFFFFCED" box="[817,901,748,774]" name="Bhutan" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from Sikkim (sequences unavailable) show no obvious morphological differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFC87FCB1DFE5FCC2" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[768,927,783,810]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFC87FCB1DF68FCC2" box="[768,786,784,809]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFCA7FCAEDFE5FCC2" box="[800,927,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
other than less yellow hair on T3–7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F76950DFF3AFCF1DEFAFB6E" blockId="52.[189,1399,848,1157]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Available samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFE44FCF0DE36FC81" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[451,588,849,874]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFE44FCF0DE36FC81" box="[451,588,849,874]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFDD1FCF0DEECFC80" box="[598,662,849,875]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are small and mostly old, so the status of the two candidate species remains uncertain. Current restrictions on collecting and sequencing in the areas where the two candidate species are most likely to occur in proximity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F76950DFCDBFC36DFC9FC5A" box="[860,947,919,945]" captionStart="Figs 12‒13" captionStartId="24.[189,241,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[205,1380,558,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-106@24.[189,1398,558,1810]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figs 12‒13. Maps of sequenced samples. 12. The rufipes-group and festivus-group. 13. The rufofasciatus- group as recognised as species from the UHF-PTP analysis in Fig. 10. Keys to the coloured symbols are shown on the left (in some cases symbols on the map for one species may overlie symbols for another). Maps projected onto a sphere in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap © 2014 ESRI and showing boundaries between countries as recognised by the UN." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064336/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) make clarifying their status difficult. However, more evidence is needed to increase confidence in any interpretation of the status of the candidate species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFE1EFC7FDD84FC1C" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[409,510,990,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFE1EFC7FDD84FC1C" box="[409,510,990,1015]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFD8DFC7FDE31FC13" box="[522,587,990,1016]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFD0AFC7CDF74FC1C" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[653,782,989,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFD0AFC7CDF74FC1C" box="[653,782,989,1015]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and it remains possible with more sampling from the Himalaya that the two taxa could still prove to be parts of a single broader species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFB69FBA0D90CFBF1" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[1262,1398,1025,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFB69FBA0D90CFBF1" box="[1262,1398,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFF3AFB85DD7AFBD5" box="[189,256,1060,1086]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Speciation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFE78FB85DEDEFBD5" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[511,676,1060,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFE78FB85DEDEFBD5" box="[511,676,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFD62FB85DF14FBD6" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[741,878,1060,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFD62FB85DF14FBD6" box="[741,878,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFCFDFB85DFC1FBD5" box="[890,955,1060,1086]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
may have arisen through vicariance between populations of the western and eastern Himalaya caused by a period of altered climate (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFF6BFBCADDDCFB6F" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1880" box="[236,422,1130,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prshewalskyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFF6BFBCADDDCFB6F" box="[236,422,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. prshewalskyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFE32FBCADE15FB6F" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[437,623,1130,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFE32FBCADE15FB6F" box="[437,623,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F76950DFF3AFB0ADFD4FAB9" blockId="52.[189,1399,1195,1363]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFECAFB0DDDAFFB2E" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[333,469,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFECAFB0DDDAFFB2E" box="[333,469,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFE67FB0DDE5BFB2D" box="[480,545,1196,1222]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
show pronounced size-dependent dimorphism in the colour pattern of the hair: large queens have T2 black and T4 white (taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFC06FB6ED84CFB02" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[897,1078,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavothoracicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFC06FB6ED84CFB02" box="[897,1078,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">flavothoracicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); whereas workers (which are smaller) have T2 brown-yellow and T4 red. Males have the thoracic dorsum and T1–2 extensively yellow and T3–5 extensively orange-red (taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFD7AFAB7DF18FAC4" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[765,866,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFD7AFAB7DF18FAC4" box="[765,866,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F76950DFCEBFAB7DFD5FADB" box="[876,943,1302,1328]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
). Consequently, the queens and males were first described as two separate species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F76950DFD62FA99DFD0FAB9" author="Bingham C. T." box="[741,938,1336,1362]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref63805" refString="Bingham C. T. 1897. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera. Vol. I. Wasps and Bees. Taylor & Francis, London." type="book" year="1897">Bingham (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F76950DFF3AFAD8DD2BFA29" box="[189,337,1401,1474]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F76950DFF3AFAD8DD4CFA78" blockId="52.[189,310,1401,1427]" box="[189,310,1401,1427]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F76950DFF3AFAD8DD4CFA78" bold="true" box="[189,310,1401,1427]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFF3AFAD8DD4CFA78" bold="true" box="[189,310,1401,1427]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F76950DFF6DFA09DD2BFA29" blockId="52.[189,1399,1448,1580]" box="[234,337,1448,1474]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFF6DFA09DD2BFA29" bold="true" box="[234,337,1448,1474]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Females</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F76950CFF3AFA6DDD67FD14" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F76950DFF3AFA6DD810F9C7" blockId="52.[189,1399,1448,1580]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Queens large body length
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F76950DFE7BFA6DDEFAFA0D" box="[508,640,1484,1510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="21.0">21–28 mm</quantity>
|
||
, workers
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F76950DFD70FA6ADF00FA0D" box="[759,890,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="11.0">11–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Can be distinguished by the combination of the hair of the thoracic dorsum with some grey or cream-white with T5 at least posteriorly white (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFF6BF9B2DDF4F9C7" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[236,398,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFF6BF9B2DDF4F9C7" box="[236,398,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFE1BF9B2DE2CF9C7" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[412,598,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFE1BF9B2DE2CF9C7" box="[412,598,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFDE2F9B2DE8BF9C7" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1933" box="[613,753,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="friseanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFDE2F9B2DE8BF9C7" box="[613,753,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. friseanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFD78F9B2DFF2F9C7" authorityName="F. Morawitz" authorityYear="1887" box="[767,904,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFD78F9B2DFF2F9C7" box="[767,904,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. keriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFC10F9B2D820F9C7" baseAuthorityName="Tkalcu" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[919,1114,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="richardsiellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFC10F9B2D820F9C7" box="[919,1114,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. richardsiellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F76950DFF6DF9F2DD4FF986" blockId="52.[189,1399,1619,1963]" box="[234,309,1619,1645]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFF6DF9F2DD4FF986" bold="true" box="[234,309,1619,1645]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Males</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F76950DFF3AF9D7DF8EF840" blockId="52.[189,1399,1619,1963]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F76950DFEDFF9D6DDCAF97A" box="[344,432,1655,1681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Can be distinguished reliably at present only by their COI sequence, but hair of T3–7 bright orange without posterior yellow fringes (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFCE6F93BD87EF95F" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[865,1028,1690,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFCE6F93BD87EF95F" box="[865,1028,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). As well as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F76950DFB49F93BD94FF95F" box="[1230,1333,1690,1716]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male from Sikkim, there is another unsequenced male (ML513) from Lungtenphu in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F76950DFBE1F91CD8C1F93C" box="[1126,1211,1725,1751]" name="Bhutan" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
presumed to be of this species, although this cannot be confirmed without a barcode sequence. Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F76950DFB57F941D949F910" box="[1232,1331,1760,1787]" captionStart="Figs 181‒189" captionStartId="43.[189,241,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[244,1328,297,1709]" captionTargetId="figure-11@43.[209,1378,265,1712]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 181‒189. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top. 181. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, China-Guangxi. 182. B. rufipes Lepeletier, 1835, Indonesia- Java. 183. B. festivus Smith, 1861, Nepal. 184. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, India-Himachal Pradesh. 185. B. miniatus Bingham, 1897, Bhutan. 186. B. eurythorax Wang, 1982 stat. rev., India-Kashmir. 187. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880 stat. rev., China-Sichuan. 188. B. rufofasciatus Smith, 1852, India- Kashmir. 189. B. richardsiellus (Tkalců, 1968), Burma (left volsella distal part missing). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064360/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 185</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the gonostylus much reduced, less than a quarter as long on its outer side as broad, with the distal edge concave and the inner distal process broadly square-ended or weakly bidentate, the inner basal process acutely produced (cf. other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFD8FF8EBDEDBF88F" baseAuthorityName="Williams" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[520,673,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFD8FF8EBDEDBF88F" box="[520,673,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFC2AF8EBD82AF88F" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[941,1104,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFC2AF8EBD82AF88F" box="[941,1104,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); volsella with the inner distal corner produced as a narrow curved hook (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFC9AF8CCDFEDF86C" authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" authorityYear="1835" box="[797,919,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFCC0F8CCDFEDF86C" box="[839,919,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">rufipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFC7FF8CFD8ECF86C" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[1016,1174,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFC7FF8CFD8ECF86C" box="[1016,1174,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B. simillimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFB2FF8CCD95BF86C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1192,1313,1901,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapidarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFB2FF8CCD95BF86C" box="[1192,1313,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">lapidarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFF3AF831DD68F841" authorityName="Radoszkowski" authorityYear="1859" box="[189,274,1936,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFF3AF831DD68F841" box="[189,274,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">sichelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F76950DFEE8F831DDADF841" authorityName="F. Morawitz" authorityYear="1887" box="[367,471,1936,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F76950DFEE8F831DDADF841" box="[367,471,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">keriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group) eye unenlarged relative to female eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFEA9DDD0FEC9" blockId="53.[189,426,264,290]" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F77950CFF3AFEA9DDD0FEC9" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFF3AFEA9DDD0FEC9" bold="true" box="[189,426,264,290]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF6DFE96DD26FEBA" blockId="53.[189,1399,311,408]" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFF6DFE96DD26FEBA" bold="true" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F77950CFF6DFE96DD26FEBA" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFEFBDF74FE73" blockId="53.[189,1399,311,408]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F77950CFF3AFEFBDF74FE73" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606394" collectingDate="1894-05" collectionCode="NHMUK, PW" collectorName="C. Bingham" country="India" location="Lintu" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sikkim" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F77950CFF3AFEFBDD74FE9F" box="[189,270,346,372]" name="India" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
• ♂,
|
||
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F77950CFEC9FEFBDDCFFE9F" box="[334,437,346,372]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFE5AFEFBDF1CFE9F" authority="Bingham, 1897" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1897" box="[477,870,346,372]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFE5AFEFBDED2FE9F" box="[477,680,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bombus miniatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F77950CFD37FEFBDF1CFE9F" author="Bingham C. T." box="[688,870,346,372]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref63805" refString="Bingham C. T. 1897. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera. Vol. I. Wasps and Bees. Taylor & Francis, London." type="book" year="1897">Bingham, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by original designation;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F77950CFB0AFEFBD89FFE9F" box="[1165,1253,346,372]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F77950CFB76FEFBD94EFE9F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F71950CFDD6F98CDF53FBA3:A85660071F77950CFB76FEFBD94EFE9F" box="[1265,1332,346,372]" country="India" name="Lintu" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Sikkim">Lintu</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F77950CFAC6FEFADC81FE73" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1894-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F77950CFAC6FEFADC81FE73" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1894-05">May 1894</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F77950CFE80FEDFDDEFFE7C" box="[263,405,381,408]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">C. Bingham</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F77950CFE50FEDFDE3CFE73" box="[471,582,382,408]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
(examined
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F77950CFD57FEDFDF7BFE73" box="[720,769,382,408]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFE1EDE27FE31" blockId="53.[189,605,447,474]" box="[189,605,447,474]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFF3AFE1EDDC8FE32" bold="true" box="[189,434,447,473]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Material sequenced</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F77950CFE44FE1EDE2FFE31" box="[451,597,447,474]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFE4FDD67FD14" blockId="53.[189,1399,493,767]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F77950CFF3AFE4FDEEAFDC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606367" collectingDate="1995-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="H. Feijen" country="Bhutan" latitude="27.4574" location="Lungtenphu" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="89.6655" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="ML508" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Thimphu">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F77950CFF3AFE4FDD4FFDE3" box="[189,309,494,520]" name="Bhutan" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">BHUTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F77950CFED6FE4FDD05FDE3" box="[337,383,494,520]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(worker);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F77950CFD87FE4CDE15FDEC" box="[512,623,493,519]" country="Bhutan" name="Thimphu" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Thimphu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F77950CFDFBFE4CDF74FDEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F71950CFDD6F98CDF53FBA3:A85660071F77950CFDFBFE4CDF74FDEC" box="[636,782,493,519]" country="Bhutan" latitude="27.4574" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="89.6655" name="Lungtenphu" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Thimphu">Lungtenphu</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F77950CFC9CFE4CDFDDFDE3" box="[795,935,493,520]" degrees="27.4574" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="5" value="27.4574">27.4574° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F77950CFC32FE4CD844FDE3" box="[949,1086,493,520]" degrees="89.6655" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="5" value="89.6655">89.6655° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F77950CFBCBFE4CD8C7FDE3" box="[1100,1213,493,520]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1995-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F77950CFBCBFE4CD8C7FDE3" box="[1100,1213,493,520]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1995-07">Jul. 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F77950CFB4CFE4FD940FDEC" box="[1227,1338,493,520]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">H. Feijen</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 6880H04;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F77950CFE49FDB0DE51FDC0" box="[462,555,529,555]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F77950CFDBFFDB1DEEAFDC0" box="[568,656,528,555]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">ML508</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F77950CFD2AFDB0DEB1FDA4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606587" collectingDate="1996-06-07" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="H. Feijen" country="Bhutan" latitude="27.4574" location="Lungtenphu" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="89.6655" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="ML509" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Thimphu">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F77950CFD2AFDB0DEA6FDC0" box="[685,732,529,555]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(worker); same collection data as for preceding;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F77950CFAA9FDB0DC81FDA5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1996-06-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F77950CFAA9FDB0DC81FDA5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1996-06-07">7 Jun. 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; BOLD seq: 6880H05;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F77950CFD93FD95DE16FDA5" box="[532,620,564,590]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F77950CFDF4FD95DEB1FDA4" box="[627,715,564,591]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">ML509</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F77950CFD62FD95DF80FD99" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606551" collectingDate="1994-09-11" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="G. Schulten" country="Bhutan" latitude="27.3699" location="Paro" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="89.3466" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="ML512" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Paro">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F77950CFD62FD95DF68FDA5" box="[741,786,564,590]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(worker);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F77950CFC17FD95DFB3FDA5" box="[912,969,564,590]" country="Bhutan" name="Paro" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Paro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Chele-La;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F77950CFBD5FD95D8A7FDA5" box="[1106,1245,564,590]" degrees="27.3699" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="5" value="27.3699">27.3699° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F77950CFB6EFD95D90BFDA5" box="[1257,1393,564,590]" degrees="89.3466" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="5" value="89.3466">89.3466° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F77950CFF3AFDF6DD23FD9A" box="[189,345,599,625]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1994-09-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F77950CFF3AFDF6DD23FD9A" box="[189,345,599,625]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1994-09-11">11 Sep. 1994</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F77950CFEE2FDF6DD95FD9A" box="[357,495,599,625]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">G. Schulten</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 6880H08;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F77950CFCBCFDF9DFE2FD99" box="[827,920,600,626]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F77950CFC25FDF6DF80FD99" box="[930,1018,599,626]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">ML512</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F77950CFB95FDF6D8B2FD7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606370" collectingDate="2017-06-10" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="W. Klein" country="Bhutan" latitude="27.3893" location="Sengor" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="90.9822" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="ML567" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Lhuntshi">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F77950CFB95FDF6D844FD99" box="[1042,1086,599,626]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(queen);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F77950CFB29FDF6D96AFD9A" box="[1198,1296,599,625]" country="Bhutan" name="Lhuntshi" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lhuntse</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F77950CFA9CFDF6D908FD9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F71950CFDD6F98CDF53FBA3:A85660071F77950CFA9CFDF6D908FD9A" box="[1307,1394,599,625]" country="Bhutan" latitude="27.3893" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="90.9822" name="Sengor" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Lhuntshi">Sengor</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F77950CFF3AFDDBDD3DFD7E" box="[189,327,634,661]" degrees="27.3893" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="5" value="27.3893">27.3893° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F77950CFED4FDDBDDA1FD7E" box="[339,475,634,661]" degrees="90.9822" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="5" value="90.9822">90.9822° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F77950CFE60FDDBDEFBFD7F" box="[487,641,634,661]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2017-06-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F77950CFE60FDDBDEFBFD7F" box="[487,641,634,661]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2017-06-10">10 Jun. 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F77950CFD0AFDDADE8FFD7F" box="[653,757,634,661]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">W. Klein</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; NBC seq: 10115;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F77950CFB8EFDDAD81CFD7E" box="[1033,1126,635,661]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F77950CFBF6FDDBD8B2FD7E" box="[1137,1224,634,661]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">ML567</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F77950CFB66FDDBD840FD53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606345" collectingDate="2017-06-10" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="W. Klein" country="Bhutan" latitude="27.3893" location="Sengor" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="90.9822" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="ML568" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Lhuntshi">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F77950CFB66FDDBD977FD7E" box="[1249,1293,634,661]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(queen); same collection data as for preceding; NBC seq: 10113;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F77950CFCF0FD3FDFAEFD53" box="[887,980,670,696]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F77950CFC65FD3CD840FD53" box="[994,1082,669,696]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">ML568</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F77950CFBDCFD3FDD63FD14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606584" collectingDate="2018-04-25" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="W. Klein" country="Bhutan" latitude="27.479" location="Phajoding Gompa" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="89.595" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="ML569" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Thimphu">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F77950CFBDCFD3FD8F6FD53" box="[1115,1164,670,696]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(queen);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F77950CFA83FD3CD909FD5C" box="[1284,1395,669,695]" country="Bhutan" name="Thimphu" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Thimphu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A85660071F77950CFF3AFD60DDECFD30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F71950CFDD6F98CDF53FBA3:A85660071F77950CFF3AFD60DDECFD30" box="[189,406,705,731]" country="Bhutan" latitude="27.479" longLatPrecision="74" longitude="89.595" name="Phajoding Gompa" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Thimphu">Phajoding Gompa</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F77950CFE25FD60DE65FD30" box="[418,543,705,731]" degrees="27.479" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="27.479">27.479° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F77950CFDACFD61DEDFFD30" box="[555,677,704,731]" degrees="89.595" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="89.595">89.595° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F77950CFD35FD61DF35FD30" box="[690,847,704,731]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2018-04-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F77950CFD35FD61DF35FD30" box="[690,847,704,731]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2018-04-25">25 Apr. 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F77950CFCDCFD60DFBFFD30" box="[859,965,705,731]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">W. Klein</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F77950CFB8FFD60D81AFD30" box="[1032,1120,705,731]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
seq: 1092464;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F77950CFA91FD60D909FD30" box="[1302,1395,705,731]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F77950CFF3AFD45DD63FD14" box="[189,281,740,767]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">ML569</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F77950CFF3AFC84DF9CFC5F" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFC84DDD7FCD4" blockId="53.[189,429,805,831]" box="[189,429,805,831]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F77950CFF3AFC84DDD7FCD4" bold="true" box="[189,429,805,831]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFF3AFC84DDD7FCD4" bold="true" box="[189,429,805,831]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Global distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFCF5DF9CFC5F" blockId="53.[189,1399,851,949]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
(East Himalayan mountain species)
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFDEDFCF5DE9AFC86" bold="true" box="[618,736,851,878]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">East Asia</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F77950CFD76FCF5DF29FC85" box="[753,851,852,878]" name="China" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F77950CFCD8FCF5DFCEFC85" box="[863,948,852,878]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Xizang</collectingRegion>
|
||
(southern margin only). –
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFB73FCF2D914FC86" bold="true" box="[1268,1390,851,877]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Himalaya</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F77950CFF3AFCD6DD6FFC7A" box="[189,277,887,913]" name="India" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F77950CFEA3FCD6DD06FC7A" box="[292,380,887,913]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4DF83E1F77950CFE0CFCD6DE08FC7A" box="[395,626,887,913]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F77950CFD05FCD6DE84FC7A" box="[642,766,887,913]" name="Bhutan" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">BHUTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
. (IOZ, NHMUK, RMNH.) The species is narrowly restricted to the eastern Himalaya but appears to be abundant locally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F77950CFF3AFC7ADF53FBA3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFC7ADD45FC1E" blockId="53.[189,319,987,1013]" box="[189,319,987,1013]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F77950CFF3AFC7ADD45FC1E" bold="true" box="[189,319,987,1013]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFF3AFC7ADD45FC1E" bold="true" box="[189,319,987,1013]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Behaviour</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F77950CFF3AFBABDF53FBA3" blockId="53.[189,1399,1034,1096]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Food-plant choice expected to be generalist but no records. The male mate-searching behaviour is expected to resemble the patrolling of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F77950CFD07FB8FDF58FBAC" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1982" box="[640,802,1069,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eurythorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F77950CFD07FB8FDF58FBAC" box="[640,802,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B. eurythorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |