459 lines
51 KiB
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459 lines
51 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="44FC599FAF13F47E32C909AF47BF40E3">Widespread polytypic species or complexes of local species? Revising bumblebees of the subgenus Melanobombus world-wide (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D6FB8FCACCEE9804E8D98A42B2AE584E">Williams, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FECB1868E53BD4A3AA7E350EE5375CBC">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK. Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Peace Avenue 54 b, Ulaanbaatar 13330, Mongolia. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia. Langstraat 105, B- 2260 Westerlo, Belgium. South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Agricultural University of Georgia, 240 Agmashenebli Alley, Tbilisi, Georgia. Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia. Kunming Institute of Botany (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. Università di Roma ‘ Sapienza’, Piazzale Valerio Massimo 6, Roma 00162, Italy. Yasouj University, Zirtol, Yasouj, Iran. Sherubtse College, Royal University of Bhutan, Trashigang, Bhutan. Zoological Survey of India, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342005, Rajasthan, India. Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="08239609111C2123BDA8F4637503D52A" type="email">paw@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AF1214C7F44CC8622A768313EF63E1A9">Altanchimeg, Dorjsuren</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="85936FEEDBBBB0F824626607ABEE111F">Ren, Zongxin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B8C35BE10D039A8C2859D27EFDB5FA7C">Thanoosing, Chawatat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E19BB4AB3986F4A8FFFB52755127793A">Zhao, Yanhui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A28D80F52925B88F976C0FF16F9CE76B">Orr, Michael C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CB3572A93C62863BE5D32858CA46E869">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B9BC3F8B6D6150E8E9AF20540FC2BB59">
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<mods:title id="6831892379393C15BE478AA99B922098">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BE278051A30F5B171067CCACA91BE665">
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<mods:date id="1BD39AD34DC3DD2CE71F510A6D12EB31">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="252087CA1F089572FDAFF9E4DD73F9E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335578" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168220873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335578" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F089572FDAFF9E4DD73F9E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/252087CA1F089572FDAFF9E4DD73F9E5" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection id="E59365571F089573FDAFF9E4D871F98B" box="[552,1035,1605,1632]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F089573FDAFF9E4D871F98B" blockId="74.[552,1035,1605,1668]" box="[552,1035,1605,1632]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<heading id="F67E81B01F089573FDAFF9E4D871F98B" box="[552,1035,1605,1632]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F089573FDAFF9E4D871F98B" ID-CoL="5WNRB" authority="(Skorikov, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Skorikov" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[552,1035,1605,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semenovianus">
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<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FDAFF9E4DF44F9B4" bold="true" box="[552,830,1605,1632]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Bombus semenovianus</emphasis>
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(Skorikov, 1914)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E59365571F089573FD00F9C8DFD6F968" box="[647,940,1641,1668]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F089573FD00F9C8DFD6F968" blockId="74.[552,1035,1605,1668]" box="[647,940,1641,1668]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<figureCitation id="35B22A591F089573FD00F9C8DEABF96F" box="[647,721,1641,1668]" captionStart="Figs 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[189,241,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,265,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[284,1303,265,1818]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1‒6. Individuals of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 (with photo credits). 1. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, queen, Thailand (CT). 2. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, worker, India- Kashmir (RR). 3. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880, worker, China-Gansu (PW). 4. B. eriophorus Klug, 1807, queen, Georgia (I. Popov). 5. B. semenovianus (Skorikov, 1914), male, India-Kashmir (PW). 6. B. ladakhensis Richards, 1928, male, China-Gansu (PW). Some images reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064326/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="35B22A591F089573FD58F9C8DE84F96F" box="[735,766,1641,1668]" captionStart="Figs 14‒16" captionStartId="25.[189,241,1956,1982]" captionTargetBox="[288,1321,265,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-11@25.[262,1325,265,1917]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 14‒16. Maps of sequenced samples as in Figs 12–13. 14. The tanguticus-group and the lapidarius- group. 15. The sichelii-group. 16. The keriensis-group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064340/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="35B22A591F089573FC8CF9C8DF0EF96F" box="[779,884,1641,1668]" captionStart="Figs 103–138" captionStartId="41.[189,241,1573,1599]" captionTargetBox="[357,1231,269,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-11@41.[354,1234,265,1539]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figs 103–138. Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for the species from the integrative analysis. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette, with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair. The tanguticus-group. 103. Worker, China-Qinghai. 104. Worker, China-Qinghai. 105. Queen, China-Qinghai. 106. Queen, China-Xizang. 107. Queen, India-Kashmir. The lapidarius-group. 108. Queen, Russia-North Ossetia. 109. Worker, Azerbaijan. 110. Queen, Georgia. 111. Male, Russia-North Ossetia. 112. Male, Russia-North Ossetia. 113. Male, Russia-North Ossetia. 114. Male, Turkey. 115. Queen, Morocco. 116. Queen, Spain. 117. Queen, Spain. 118. Queen, UK. 119. Male, Spain. 120. Male, Spain. 121. Male, UK. 122. Male, UK. The sichelii-group. 123. Queen, Iran. 124. Male, Iran. 125. Queen, India-Kashmir. 126. Queen, India- Kashmir. 127. Male, India-Kashmir. 128. Male, India-Kashmir. 129. Queen, Iran. 130. Queen, Russia- Sakha. 131. Queen, China-Sichuan. 132. Worker, China-Sichuan. 133. Queen, Mongolia. 134. Worker, Mongolia. 135. Queen, Spain. 136. Worker, Austria. 137. Male, Turkey. 138. Male, Mongolia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064356/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">125–128</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F089573FC07F9C8DFD6F968" box="[896,940,1641,1667]" captionStart="Figs 190‒198" captionStartId="44.[189,241,1782,1808]" captionTargetBox="[253,1326,319,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-10@44.[218,1369,265,1748]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figs 190‒198. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top. 190. Bombus friseanus Skorikov, 1933, China-Yunnan. 191. B pyrosoma Morawitz, 1890, China- Beijing. 192. B. formosellus (Frison, 1934), China-Taiwan. 193. B. eriophorus Klug, 1807, Russia- North Ossetia. 194. B. lapidarius (Linnaeus, 1758), UK. 195. B. incertus Morawitz, 1881, Turkey. 196. B. semenoviaus (Skorikov, 1914), India-Kashmir. 197. B. sichelii Radoszkowski, 1859, Austria. 198. B. ladakhensis Richards, 1928, China-Sichuan. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064362/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">196</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F089573FF3AF90BDFE9F903" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F089573FF3AF90BDF3EF92F" blockId="74.[189,915,1706,1768]" box="[189,836,1706,1732]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F089573FF3AF90BDF3EF92F" box="[189,836,1706,1732]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F089573FF3AF90BDF45F92F" author="Skorikov A. S." box="[189,831,1706,1732]" page="127" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" year="1914">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F089573FF3AF90BDF45F92F" ID-CoL="3S9DY" authority="Skorikov, 1914 a: 127" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1914" box="[189,831,1706,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lapidariobombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semenovianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FF3AF90BDE40F92F" box="[189,570,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Lapidariobombus semenovianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F089573FDC6F90BDF45F92F" author="Skorikov A. S." box="[577,831,1706,1732]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="119 - 129" refId="ref70701" refString="Skorikov A. S. 1914 a. Les formes nouvelles des bourdons (Hymenoptera, Bombidae). VI. Russkoe entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 14: 119 - 129." type="journal article" year="1914">Skorikov, 1914a: 127</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F089573FF3AF96CDFE9F903" blockId="74.[189,915,1706,1768]" box="[189,915,1741,1768]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="8D9911F21F089573FF3AF96CDFE9F903" box="[189,915,1741,1768]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="2C2810CD1F089573FF3AF96CDFEAF903" author="Bischoff H." box="[189,912,1741,1768]" page="255" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" year="1935">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F089573FF3AF96CDFEAF903" ID-CoL="5FYVB" authority="Bischoff, 1935: 255" authorityName="Bischoff" authorityPageNumber="255" authorityYear="1935" box="[189,912,1741,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lapidarius" subSpecies="problematicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FF3AF96CDDE6F90C" box="[189,412,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Bombus lapidarius</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FE73F96CDEE1F90C" box="[500,667,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">problematicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F089573FD25F96CDFEAF903" author="Bischoff H." box="[674,912,1741,1768]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="255 - 256" refId="ref63894" refString="Bischoff H. 1935. Genus BOMBUS (Apidae, Hymen.). In: Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der niederlandischen Expedition in den Karakorum und die angrenzenden Gebiete in den Jahren 1922, 1925 und 1929 / 30: 255 - 256. C. Visser & J. Visser-Hooft, Leipzig." type="journal article" year="1935">Bischoff, 1935: 255</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F089572FF3AF8AEDEC1FEAD" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F089573FF3AF8AEDF42F89B" blockId="74.[189,1398,1807,1904]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Our PTP analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F089573FE23F8AEDD86F8C2" box="[420,508,1807,1833]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1953,1979]" captionTargetBox="[233,1316,282,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-12@21.[233,1355,265,1914]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 10. October 2019 (Fig. 8) Bayesian PTP analysis of MrBayes tree of unique COI barcodes (UHF- PTP). Symbols as in Fig. 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064332/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) of coalescents in the COI gene supports three coalescents for candidate species within the
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FE19F893DD86F8A7" box="[414,508,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">sichelii-</emphasis>
|
||
group as identified in the four gene species tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F089573FBCCF893D8ADF8A7" box="[1099,1239,1842,1868]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="27.[189,232,1884,1910]" captionStartId-1="28.[189,232,1673,1699]" captionTargetBox-0="[240,1381,323,1751]" captionTargetBox-1="[258,1330,268,1628]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@27.[189,1398,317,1780]" captionTargetId-1="figure-10@28.[257,1330,265,1631]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionText-0="Fig. 21. A sample of 10 000 species trees from among 100 million trees for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 reconstructed with *BEAST from gene trees for the COI, 16S, opsin and PEPCK genes, displayed in green using Densitree, with the summary ‘root canal’ superimposed as a thick blue line. The outgroup B. nobilis Friese, 1905 is shown." captionText-1="Fig. 22. Most likely dated phylogenetic (ultrametric) tree for the species of the subgenus Melanobombus reconstructed von Dalla Torre, 1880 with *BEAST from trees for four genes (COI, 16S, PEPCK, opsin) with B. nobilis Friese, 1905 as the outgroup (not shown), estimated as the maximum-clade-credibility tree among a sample of 10 000 species trees with a 1% burn-in out of 100 million MCMC trees. Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing support for groups. Values below the nodes are estimated dates of divergence in Ma (millions of years before the present) calibrated from a molecular estimate for the date of crown divergence within the subgenus Melanobombus. Grey bars show the 95% confidence limits on the estimated dates of divergence. Species groups discussed in the text are labelled in circles: rp = rufipes-group; fs = festivus-group; rf = rufofasciatus-group; tg = tanguticus-group; la = lapidarius-group; si = sichelii-group; and ke = keriensis-group." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064344" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064346" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4064344/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4064346/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs 21–22</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F089573FB69F892D915F8A7" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1881" box="[1262,1391,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incertus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FB69F892D97AF8A7" box="[1262,1280,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FA96F892D915F8A7" box="[1297,1391,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">incertus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F089573FF3AF8F7DD49F884" authorityName="Radoszkowski" authorityYear="1859" box="[189,307,1877,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="sichelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FF3AF8F7DCB5F884" box="[189,207,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FF59F8F4DD49F884" box="[222,307,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">sichelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84CE57B51F089573FEBDF8F7DD01F884" box="[314,379,1877,1904]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and the Himalayan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F089573FDEBF8F7DF4BF884" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1914" box="[620,817,1878,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lapidariobombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semenovianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FDEBF8F7DF4BF884" box="[620,817,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">B. semenovianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F089573FF3AF836D90CF83F" blockId="74.[189,1398,1943,2004]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
From morphology,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F089573FE2EF836DE09F85B" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1914" box="[425,627,1943,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lapidariobombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semenovianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FE2EF836DE09F85B" box="[425,627,1943,1968]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">B. semenovianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by its distinctive colour pattern with the thoracic dorsum entirely yellow (known otherwise only for some males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F089573FC5DF81AD804F83F" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1807" box="[986,1150,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriophorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F089573FC5DF81AD804F83F" box="[986,1150,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">B. eriophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Caucasus),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFEA8DEC1FEAD" blockId="75.[189,1399,265,327]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
by its distinctive form of the male genitalia (see the Diagnosis), and by its slightly enlarged male eye relative to the female eye (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F099572FE72FE8DDED5FEAD" author="Williams P. H." box="[501,687,300,326]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F099572FF3AFECCDDCAFE5C" box="[189,432,365,439]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFECCDD4CFE6C" blockId="75.[189,310,365,391]" box="[189,310,365,391]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F099572FF3AFECCDD4CFE6C" bold="true" box="[189,310,365,391]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF3AFECCDD4CFE6C" bold="true" box="[189,310,365,391]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF6DFE3DDDCAFE5C" blockId="75.[189,1398,412,509]" box="[234,432,412,439]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF6DFE3DDD2BFE5D" bold="true" box="[234,337,412,438]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Females</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F099572FEE6FE3DDDDDFE5C" box="[353,423,412,439]" captionStart="Figs 1‒6" captionStartId="4.[189,241,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[285,1302,265,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[284,1303,265,1818]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1‒6. Individuals of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 (with photo credits). 1. Bombus eximius Smith, 1852, queen, Thailand (CT). 2. B. simillimus Smith, 1852, worker, India- Kashmir (RR). 3. B. prshewalskyi Morawitz, 1880, worker, China-Gansu (PW). 4. B. eriophorus Klug, 1807, queen, Georgia (I. Popov). 5. B. semenovianus (Skorikov, 1914), male, India-Kashmir (PW). 6. B. ladakhensis Richards, 1928, male, China-Gansu (PW). Some images reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064326/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F099572FF3AFE1ED935FCF9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFE1ED8B5FE16" blockId="75.[189,1398,412,509]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Queens medium-sized body length
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F099572FDDCFE1EDEA7FE31" box="[603,733,447,474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="17.0">17–21 mm</quantity>
|
||
, workers
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F099572FCCAFE1EDFB4FE31" box="[845,974,447,474]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="11.0">11–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Can be distinguished by the hair on the thoracic dorsum being uniformly bright yellow (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F099572FCC1FE42DFB5FE17" authorityName="F. Morawitz" authorityYear="1887" box="[838,975,482,508]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FCC1FE42DFB5FE17" box="[838,975,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">B. keriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F099572FC59FE42D8FFFE17" authorityName="Vogt" authorityYear="1909" box="[990,1157,482,508]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="separandus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FC59FE42D8FFFE17" box="[990,1157,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">B. separandus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, etc.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF6DFD85DD4FFDD5" blockId="75.[189,1399,548,786]" box="[234,309,548,574]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF6DFD85DD4FFDD5" bold="true" box="[234,309,548,574]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Males</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFDE6D935FCF9" blockId="75.[189,1399,548,786]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="6A719B391F099572FEDEFDE6DDA7FD89" box="[345,477,583,610]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Can be distinguished by the unique combination of having the eyes slightly enlarged relative to female eye and the hair of the thoracic dorsum being uniformly bright yellow (cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F099572FF69FD2FDDE8FD43" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1807" box="[238,402,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriophorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF69FD2FDDE8FD43" box="[238,402,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">B. eriophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F099572FE25FD2FDE39FD43" authorityName="Williams & Altanchimeg & Byvaltsev & Jonghe & Jaffar & Japoshvili & Kahono & Liang & Mei & Monfared & Nidup & Raina & Ren & Thanoosing & Zhao & Orr" authorityYear="2020" box="[418,579,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qilianensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FE25FD2FDE39FD43" box="[418,579,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">B. qilianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B22A591F099572FD5CFD2FDF3BFD43" box="[731,833,653,680]" captionStart="Figs 190‒198" captionStartId="44.[189,241,1782,1808]" captionTargetBox="[253,1326,319,1739]" captionTargetId="figure-10@44.[218,1369,265,1748]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figs 190‒198. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Melanobombus von Dalla Torre, 1880 from the dorsal aspect, anterior at the bottom of the image, posterior at the top. 190. Bombus friseanus Skorikov, 1933, China-Yunnan. 191. B pyrosoma Morawitz, 1890, China- Beijing. 192. B. formosellus (Frison, 1934), China-Taiwan. 193. B. eriophorus Klug, 1807, Russia- North Ossetia. 194. B. lapidarius (Linnaeus, 1758), UK. 195. B. incertus Morawitz, 1881, Turkey. 196. B. semenoviaus (Skorikov, 1914), India-Kashmir. 197. B. sichelii Radoszkowski, 1859, Austria. 198. B. ladakhensis Richards, 1928, China-Sichuan. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4064362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4064362/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 196</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the gonostylus as long as broad, reduced as a rounded flat scale with the inner basal process reduced to a tooth (cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FB9BFD10D80CFD20" box="[1052,1142,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">rufipes-</emphasis>
|
||
group,
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FB4EFD10D951FD20" box="[1225,1323,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">festivus-</emphasis>
|
||
group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F099572FF3AFD75DD2CFD05" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[189,342,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF3AFD75DD2CFD05" box="[189,342,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group); volsella with the inner distal corner broadly produced but without a narrow hook (cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF6BFD56DD3CFCFA" box="[236,326,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">rufipes-</emphasis>
|
||
group,
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FE1EFD56DD81FCFA" box="[409,507,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">festivus-</emphasis>
|
||
group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F099572FDC9FD56DE9DFCFA" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1852" box="[590,743,759,785]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufofasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FDC9FD56DE9DFCFA" box="[590,743,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">rufofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group); eye slightly enlarged relative to female eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F099572FF3AFC99DE60FB03" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFC99DDD0FCB9" blockId="75.[189,426,824,850]" box="[189,426,824,850]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F099572FF3AFC99DDD0FCB9" bold="true" box="[189,426,824,850]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF3AFC99DDD0FCB9" bold="true" box="[189,426,824,850]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF6DFCC6DD35FC6A" blockId="75.[189,1399,871,968]" box="[234,335,871,897]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF6DFCC6DD35FC6A" bold="true" box="[234,335,871,897]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F099572FF6DFCC6DD35FC6A" box="[234,335,871,897]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFC2AD8DFFC23" blockId="75.[189,1399,871,968]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F099572FF3AFC2AD8DAFC23" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606343" collectingDate="1912-07-13" collectionCode="ZIN, PW" collectorName="G. Jakobson" country="India" location="INDIA" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F099572FF3AFC2ADD74FC4E" box="[189,270,907,933]" name="India" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F099572FEB4FC2ADD33FC4E" box="[307,329,907,933]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(queen),
|
||
<typeStatus id="7232887E1F099572FE42FC2ADE5AFC4E" box="[453,544,907,933]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A894D5F1F099572FDD4FC2BD908FC4F" authority="Skorikov, 1914" authorityName="Skorikov" authorityYear="1914" box="[595,1394,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Lapidariobombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semenovianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FDD4FC2BDFACFC4F" box="[595,982,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Lapidariobombus semenovianus</emphasis>
|
||
Skorikov, 1914 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F099572FB37FC2BD913FC4F" author="Williams P. H." box="[1200,1385,906,932]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Kashmir, Ladakh, Stakmo pass;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F099572FDBEFC0FDEB7FC23" box="[569,717,941,968]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1912-07-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F099572FDBEFC0FDEB7FC23" box="[569,717,941,968]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1912-07-13">13 Jul. 1912</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F099572FD5EFC0FDF10FC2C" box="[729,874,941,968]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">G. Jakobson</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F099572FC2BFC0FDFA7FC23" box="[940,989,942,968]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
|
||
(examined
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F099572FBE0FC0FD8E2FC23" box="[1127,1176,942,968]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFC4EDE27FBE1" blockId="75.[189,605,1007,1034]" box="[189,605,1007,1034]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF3AFC4EDDC8FBE2" bold="true" box="[189,434,1007,1033]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Material sequenced</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F099572FE44FC4EDE2FFBE1" box="[451,597,1007,1034]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFBBFDE60FB03" blockId="75.[189,1399,1053,1256]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F099572FF3AFBBFDD6FFBB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606330" collectionCode="SEHU" country="Pakistan" latitude="36.1962" location="Karakorum" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="74.9496" municipality="Holshal" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="ML187" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F099572FF3AFBBFDD33FBD3" box="[189,329,1054,1080]" name="Pakistan" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F099572FED9FBBFDDF2FBD3" box="[350,392,1054,1080]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(worker);
|
||
<location id="A85660071F099572FD85FBBCDEF1FBDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F089572FDAFF9E4DD73F9E5:A85660071F099572FD85FBBCDEF1FBDC" box="[514,651,1053,1079]" country="Pakistan" latitude="36.1962" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="74.9496" municipality="Holshal" name="Karakorum" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Karakorum</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4D52ACA61F099572FD12FBBCDE8EFBDC" box="[661,756,1053,1079]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Holshal</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F099572FD7AFBBCDFFCFBD3" box="[765,902,1053,1080]" degrees="36.1962" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="36.1962">36.1962° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F099572FC17FBBCD86FFBD3" box="[912,1045,1053,1080]" degrees="74.9496" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="74.9496">74.9496° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; BOLD seq: 1552E07;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F099572FAA5FBBFD909FBD3" box="[1314,1395,1054,1080]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">SEHU</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F099572FF3AFBE0DD6FFBB0" box="[189,277,1089,1115]" collectionCode="SEHU" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">ML187</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F099572FEAAFBE0DE1CFB95" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606538" collectingDate="1984-07-27" collectionCode="PW" collectorName="W. Budenburg" country="Pakistan" latitude="36.315" location="Chitral" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="71.9824" municipality="Tirich Valley" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="ML416" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BB8FFD551F099572FEAAFBE0DD22FBB0" box="[301,344,1089,1115]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(queen);
|
||
<location id="A85660071F099572FE4FFBE0DE66FBB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F089572FDAFF9E4DD73F9E5:A85660071F099572FE4FFBE0DE66FBB0" box="[456,540,1089,1115]" country="Pakistan" latitude="36.315" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="71.9824" municipality="Tirich Valley" name="Chitral" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Chitral</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4D52ACA61F099572FDA0FBE0DEB9FBB0" box="[551,707,1089,1115]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Tirich Valley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F099572FD49FBE0DF22FBB0" box="[718,856,1089,1116]" degrees="36.3150" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="36.315">36.3150° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F099572FCE4FBE0DF90FBB0" box="[867,1002,1089,1115]" degrees="71.9824" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="71.9824">71.9824° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F099572FC71FBE0D8F2FBB0" box="[1014,1160,1089,1115]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1984-07-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F099572FC71FBE0D8F2FBB0" box="[1014,1160,1089,1115]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1984-07-27">27 Jul. 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F099572FB14FBE0D946FBB0" box="[1171,1340,1089,1115]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">W. Budenburg</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 6877G11;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F099572FE57FBC5DE7AFB95" box="[464,512,1124,1150]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">PW</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F099572FD89FBC5DE1CFB95" box="[526,614,1124,1150]" collectionCode="PW" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">ML416</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F099572FD02FBC5DED8FB49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606578" collectingDate="2017-09-04" collectionCode="UAP" collectorName="S. Jaffar" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.7552" location="Ganokh" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.2808" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="ML258" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 ♂;
|
||
<location id="A85660071F099572FD40FBC5DF52FB95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F089572FDAFF9E4DD73F9E5:A85660071F099572FD40FBC5DF52FB95" box="[711,808,1124,1150]" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.7552" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.2808" name="Ganokh" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ganokh</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F099572FCB0FBC5DFBEFB95" box="[823,964,1124,1151]" degrees="34.7552" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="34.7552">34.7552° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F099572FC54FBC5D824FB95" box="[979,1118,1124,1150]" degrees="76.2808" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="76.2808">76.2808° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F099572FBE9FBC5D979FB95" box="[1134,1283,1124,1150]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="2017-09-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F099572FBE9FBC5D979FB95" box="[1134,1283,1124,1150]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="2017-09-04">4 Sep. 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F099572FA95FBC5D90CFB95" box="[1298,1398,1124,1150]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">S. Jaffar</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 1555E10;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F099572FD87FB26DE45FB4A" box="[512,575,1159,1185]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">UAP</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F099572FDCDFB26DED8FB49" box="[586,674,1159,1186]" collectionCode="UAP" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">ML258</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F099572FD3CFB26DF71FB2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606507" collectingDate="2017-09-05" collectionCode="UAP" collectorName="S. Jaffar" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.7093" location="upper Memosh" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.1208" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="ML259" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 ♂;
|
||
<location id="A85660071F099572FD70FB29DFD6FB4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:252087CA1F089572FDAFF9E4DD73F9E5:A85660071F099572FD70FB29DFD6FB4A" box="[759,940,1159,1186]" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.7093" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.1208" name="upper Memosh" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">upper Memosh</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F099572FC3FFB26D838FB49" box="[952,1090,1159,1186]" degrees="34.7093" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="34.7093">34.7093° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C8BD501B1F099572FBC9FB26D8ACFB49" box="[1102,1238,1159,1186]" degrees="76.1208" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="5" value="76.1208">76.1208° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="D937101C1F099572FB64FB26D908FB4A" box="[1251,1394,1159,1186]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="2017-09-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C973E9F41F099572FB64FB26D908FB4A" box="[1251,1394,1159,1186]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="2017-09-05">5 Sep. 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="007C530A1F099572FF3AFB0BDD64FB2F" box="[189,286,1194,1220]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">S. Jaffar</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; BOLD seq: 1555E11;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F099572FDEEFB0ADED2FB2E" box="[617,680,1195,1221]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">UAP</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F099572FD34FB0BDF71FB2E" box="[691,779,1194,1221]" collectionCode="UAP" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">ML259</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE13C811F099572FCA2FB0BDE6CFB03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2867606448" collectingDate="2017-09-05" collectionCode="UAP" collectorName="S. Jaffar" country="Pakistan" latitude="34.7093" location="upper Memosh" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="76.1208" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="ML422" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; BOLD seq: 6877H06;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CB98AE191F099572FEF7FB6FDDD5FB03" box="[368,431,1230,1256]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">UAP</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD2F9EA71F099572FE3DFB6FDE6CFB03" box="[442,534,1230,1256]" collectionCode="UAP" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">ML422</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F099572FF3AFAAED859FA90" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFAAEDDD7FAC2" blockId="75.[189,429,1295,1321]" box="[189,429,1295,1321]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F099572FF3AFAAEDDD7FAC2" bold="true" box="[189,429,1295,1321]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF3AFAAEDDD7FAC2" bold="true" box="[189,429,1295,1321]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Global distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFA9FD859FA90" blockId="75.[189,1399,1341,1403]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
(West Himalayan mountain species)
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FD0CFA9CDF7FFABC" bold="true" box="[651,773,1341,1367]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Himalaya</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F099572FC9DFA9FDF91FAB3" box="[794,1003,1342,1368]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">AFGHANISTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F099572FC78FA9FD8F4FAB3" box="[1023,1166,1342,1368]" name="Pakistan" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D59E764C1F099572FB26FA9FD883FAB3" box="[1185,1273,1342,1368]" name="India" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Kashmir. (NHMUK, PW, SEHU, UAP, ZIN, ZSM.) The species is locally common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59365571F099572FF3AFA03DD73F9E5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFA03DD45FA57" blockId="75.[189,319,1442,1468]" box="[189,319,1442,1468]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<heading id="F67E81B01F099572FF3AFA03DD45FA57" bold="true" box="[189,319,1442,1468]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFDEACE1F099572FF3AFA03DD45FA57" bold="true" box="[189,319,1442,1468]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Behaviour</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD3636DC1F099572FF3AFA70DD73F9E5" blockId="75.[189,1398,1489,1550]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Food-plant generalists (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F099572FE5DFA70DEEBFA00" author="Williams P. H." box="[474,657,1489,1515]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Male mate-searching behaviour is poorly known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9184B2D1F099572FA8DFA70DC86F9E5" author="Williams P. H." pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref72395" refString="Williams P. H. 1991. The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 60: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1991">Williams 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |