196 lines
19 KiB
XML
196 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9650" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="F43CEAF7529D575B4BC45A7261A313FB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Cnestus protensus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732888464283" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8BD91CB855963F94C763A743DD5A563B">
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<mods:title id="D94B5984AE293B1879DD6902C3A9CCA6">A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B5F70BF31A15EB364F53CD961F2CD4A">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F707B14C126142132EE6E358B55FB064">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0AB04B86CEB38240B6EC1100767FD975" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BDF3D7065B9FA4AB8D32C00429CDCDBF" type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9CD0B1D1E17C6AFB459DFD805C5B6BB2">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3326EC1A8ECE0C69058FD738A52E6733">161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="928AB1AF5C41D001D20E2DE7F88FB502">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E760822ED6550A40C58C22C8A5123425">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="755F8BD26806B76FA58D19886A2BFB61">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B7EA043455FA058628384EA4EABAAA5C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="31DDBD9A4D15FCCEFF6899D1F5CA5E97">983</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="106FB3D51DAAD30DB919A00B91B4F00A">442</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="CF2166BA16744BA994E36B3730865EB8">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EF348DF1306F2E6C28934FDD609DFB01">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="59EE8C6CE56CAED6D480E10E103C4BF5" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F43CEAF7529D575B4BC45A7261A313FB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754729" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F43CEAF7529D575B4BC45A7261A313FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F43CEAF7529D575B4BC45A7261A313FB" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Scolytinae">
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<subSubSection id="E9C6E8FBE0D762A3FA2D88516C5FFBAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FF9D1A7A4CFD33D3E125C54572B62238" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="EE110B4640E6D76D32D6E869F6662A2B" ID-CoL="WHZX" authority="(Eggers, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus protensus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensus">Cnestus protensus (Eggers, 1930)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="72E4631104672B30F033A5AA5F805351" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F33" captionText="Figure 33. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Cnestus improcerus, 2.7 - 3.3 mm (A, B, I), C. mutilatus, 3.6 - 3.8 mm (C, D, J), C. nitidipennis, 2.8 - 3.2 mm (E, F, K), and C. protensus, 3.3 - 5.4 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 33G, H, L</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CBE0130A760D7074FFD3C714B0517B2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="30BA00E624E1209B3F6FA06E881C3859" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3FBF4D3CBDC2301B5FE2CADD41674725" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus protensus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensus">Xyleborus protensus</taxonomicName>
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Eggers, 1930: 201.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="524565314C03C4C63177E6872D92DF07" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3D063A10214FF96CB77A88EBB6BF02E9" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus protensus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensus">Cnestus protensus</taxonomicName>
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(Eggers):
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<bibRefCitation id="34F7D8E33A5AF05E6BDE25504649F4FF" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="B490" refString="Wood, SL, Bright, DE, 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553" title="A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index." volume="13" year="1992">Wood and Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 803.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F5F676F3BEE3820D4E0F4697CB9C248C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DEAA56A3970B7AB2ED8900339A62194A" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus rostratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">Cnestus rostratus</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1977: 502. syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4FED4CC8B7D006ACD6DE5F2F825CA894" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="34C90D690BA2C8EE61A77666D101334F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA6C8D1EF0345CAB75D0165CC1848E3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="4876F766D592F599A813B65014B0F106" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="727060DC19D3E229B4E9C2643EC2C05A" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus protensus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensus">
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<emphasis id="4EBD05DB934BB298F5EF2DAD9CF7EFCE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus protensus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(FRI).
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<emphasis id="C547C4E61F5A716641B673A3D856963D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CBF6F551178250334709E3195CB0F3AA" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus rostratus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">
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<emphasis id="81C861363FCC64A0AA823B0C2AF05990" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus rostratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMW).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BBE45FEC18B1CB0DF476B7D2F731365" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
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<paragraph id="5AB31542BFAB544F1C3F14EE8A0C99F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6B5D47CD7F1A85A7C66A14EC28EDC024" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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China: Fujian,
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<normalizedToken id="C4D0B352F9B6E26F4A6FF9C90FF19AB9" originalValue="Chong’an">Chong'an</normalizedToken>
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, Guidun, 950 m, 25.vi.1979, Fusheng Huang, ex
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<taxonomicName id="AE593EAD337BC9AA8DBB9CABEABE44B6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Machilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Machilus thunbergii" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thunbergii">
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<emphasis id="814514D2887D35CF9EB2F501D32FABAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Machilus thunbergii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NMNH, 1) as previous except: 1000 m, 8.v.1978, Fusheng Huang, ex evergreen broadleaf tree (NMNH, 1). Yunnan, Sutian, 2014, Tian-Shang (RABC, 3); S. Yunnan, 28 km NW Jinghong, vic. An Ma Xi Zhan (NNNR),
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<geoCoordinate id="20CD252D21EB163499C962047023EF52" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.2">22°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F376E758601981EDE2B9ED9F96B3A8EB" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="100.63333">100°38'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 700 m, forest, EKL, 28.vi.2008, A. Weigel (RABC, 1). India: Arunachal Pradesh, Etalin vicinity,
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<geoCoordinate id="E667D215BD2E019CAEA9E6106735C926" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="28.615557">28°36'56"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C567CDF908740B0F7EC58B82AE9415D2" degrees="95" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="95.88917">95°53'21"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 700 m, 12-25.v.2012, L.
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<normalizedToken id="DE47AB21016F1CEA347960B859F627B8" originalValue="Dembický">Dembicky</normalizedToken>
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(ZFMK, 1). Laos: Hua Phan, Ban Saluei, Phou Pan (Mt.),
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<geoCoordinate id="6A7337071F17085C2429B6F3063712BD" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="20.2">20°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7314A46567413ABF61ED29E1AE50B373" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="104.01667">104°01'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1300-1900 m, 7.iv-25.v.2010, C. Holzschuh (RABC, 1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9B1042175546D3195081CA9CC5B8673A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9C47ED3FFEB7C5A6643BA91B2D08E411" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="84A9C0FAF8859014E6ACBF1A80256CCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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3.3-5.4 mm long (mean = 4.35 mm; n = 4); 2.0-2.17
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<normalizedToken id="12FCED1DD7673385AE041E98EC13BEC4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the uniquely emarginate epistomal margin; enlarged mandibles (in lateral view protruding forward at 90° to the plane of the frons, dorsoventrally deeper than normal; in anterior view, with an upwardly directed, smooth, rounded process on the dorsal side); absence of a mesonotal mycangial tuft on the pronotal base; pronotum from dorsal view type 6; pronotum apex strongly produced, extending to a process with numerous serrations; body glabrous, strongly shiny; declivity strongly rounded; protibiae very slender with three large, narrow denticles on outer margin; antennal club type 1, with no sutures visible on the posterior face; and 3-segmented antennal funicle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="37881800D4A71CC631A65AFB4B5DFD29" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="356B87A3CAD4C7873757FA46CCA3E343" lsidName="C. nitidipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidipennis">
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<emphasis id="C68DA2D514B2EF4D3994754455A6F5E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. nitidipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and is distinguished by the larger size, pronotal base with punctures clearly coarser, denser, surface mostly dull, pronotum appearing wider, sides of pronotum parallel for approximately 1/2 of the total length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="612F568448E4FDB5B5C8DCCA2E2CE460" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
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<paragraph id="1F2646C629A43C82D476FD1D6902D5A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1693475CC084C9A11ADCBA4DC1C72B9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="890B2E878038AA678A2985A97E573DCE" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus nitidipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidipennis">
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<emphasis id="813D090BFCFBBD538006A58E6C548D86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus nitidipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5B749B6E72587372B05DDE8C1127316E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="058FB3D589DC374DC7571481EE861E5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="84335E18AC57D84094042F083B49F5EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">China* (Yunnan*), India (Assam), Indonesia (Java), Laos*, Vietnam.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="838AC468430235B7F6B25381511EB5AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
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<paragraph id="AC98E1218BC4CF1D8DBDB5622AF550B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C00EA9229DB48359F94288DE246AB431" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species has only been recorded from
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<taxonomicName id="B703721F049040FAA5E555E636B894ED" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Machilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Machilus" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="06F4BB180977499C611745D112BE2A23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Machilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="ED51EA0D1D3936C517D2A5057008B529" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="EAD8634599BC88A483AFB679FAB69580" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="C7971A0985B28F7F3DB0850066266B0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="683027456D5C9449B8A202BB21BDC9CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Images of the
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<taxonomicName id="A92A0DB105B985B35674C79B95AFF4DF" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus protensus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensus">
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<emphasis id="71ADF1ED0807F2EACDE8CAED58AED3D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus protensus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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holotype and the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="9DE16CED5CE2F2DB1EB06EBE567466CA" lsidName="C. rostratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rostratus">
|
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<emphasis id="86A7FE321562598AAC077F3F696ADD1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rostratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were compared. Though the two specimens differ in size (3.5 and 4.2 mm, respectively) they were clearly conspecific and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BBAD6DF0D23AA409B2C59B10E92D49F" lsidName="C. rostratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rostratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4CEFAD7982A1F83172E126487EDAEC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rostratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here placed in synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8000FD74CEAF7C4350E7E7E9EC5FCD5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="571DA39CFE61728063552E349D657D83" lsidName="C. nitidipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="925F6D70FF55E831CE2FA0E3A7D4D1BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. nitidipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F3884CC9FF722A125F16E053F3D99B7" lsidName="C. protensus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="protensus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7573AD3911A372E203AF56B6A2C144D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. protensus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess unique morphology among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E901DDBFE3E5FE98CD07810B5F96AEF8" authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14A6992C6AE92724D88383C1FE26C643" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species including the pronotal apex very strongly produced, very slender protibia, enlarged mandibles and absence of a mycangial tuft. These morphological characters are convergent with Neotropical genera that are inquilines (see remarks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4CB0341271C6A21C298101F07903378" lsidName="C. nitidpennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidpennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7C03C2E5E2DBFA46353CEBB1196DE97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. nitidpennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Further investigation of their behavior is necessary to determine if these species are also inquilines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |