158 lines
15 KiB
XML
158 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="F97A53490C70F37992CE1FE169238D73" ID-CLB-Dataset="30483" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4397.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b44266be-2443-4676-abd8-015e1e069156" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1202783" ID-ZooBank="DAB14765-7C9C-41FF-9ECF-563B82B9D258" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1521441517859" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Amr, Zuhair S., Abu, Mohammad A., Qumsiyeh, Mazin & Eid, Ehab" docDate="2018" docId="C32887CBFFD2BA20FF3DFD25FD4BEDA6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4397.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4397 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rattus norvegicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="3F11FFB3FF90BA63FFAAFFF7FFEDEA22" masterDocTitle="Systematics, distribution and ecological analysis of rodents in Jordan" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1698532151927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="4E478A9A0BEC2A589E6A08629553F231" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B254EABD1FEDB597949D822049409669">
|
||
<mods:title id="F462E606DD1F7EF754BFE2A9928D399B">Systematics, distribution and ecological analysis of rodents in Jordan</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D966D3D55C52FFCEDC410E16D8CE1B82" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="23C39D3639279BFDA264AF3DE92C10F1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8181BFE38C31E73133952841D16D12C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EE7AE334D09E9DFC3DD34F4E3FE8F564">Amr, Zuhair S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="0A9F4CFDEA91186C270D016C774477D1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FFC29E5D30AC4015D56213CF261B211A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D58B62F570859FBC88A632009BE173B2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7D8827276302F71983A8C5BFE5A1D633">Abu, Mohammad A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="747EFC31EACED966CB071B88566C314E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="91648B54C46A419F6E9E9515E09AAB0E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7DB41B6B0493B3B7A9D8E14A6E2D17B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5E00367EDEED7625A66ADF5517F9B0CE">Qumsiyeh, Mazin</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="64ECEF56B437AB85D44A090FB466632E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="65FD210F5486983598E5FEC5B7E88D26">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="00E56526B7312C318EDB150CCA8555FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A93EE6972774FD8AAED69346C704E070">Eid, Ehab</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A1CAAAF40A073C388140A7EB11A479FC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="FDBA648CED15CC3DE7DCF5D1556790FB" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="DD936316895A9F39259503FBC060ABF3">
|
||
<mods:title id="68ADC26BB85C9AF58A0DC79FC888D4A6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="775C894C28FDD68A8DAEF6875C05E9AD">
|
||
<mods:date id="7D4E043BC8D8BC1A3A4DCDE820F311BD">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="06AB4ADB6E2DA94F73AC804E120D1BDB" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="05F188764B50FD0C12568B5156D0F019">2018-03-19</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="43B2528419D41D0FCABBCC1AAEF154B2" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="7C9C125AB8F3E260897247F82A403385">4397</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1D7B49662FE307D7450D44862F513C59" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="18154195A21BAA1D44EE7929048C3866">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="FF138DC1C8BFA4D883FED9E0286FA40A" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="725F985CF1A89D03253CB9B0C72E2BA6">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="E89E609C59C7D48EE779C92E84FE7909">94</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="0DB070E7F5E677CF24CDC3D9A5A756E9">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="41680B5061E4F1673185756053439051" type="CLB-Dataset">30483</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3CD6834ABC12F58BDD9E1E05672B19FD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4397.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="87E3BDF7A73761F6730F239BA18E040F" type="GBIF-Dataset">b44266be-2443-4676-abd8-015e1e069156</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3413DCB68B6CC3D9CA756AF6AD246A96" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="44A227C272D5519EF6E1ABB1A6031BD7" type="Zenodo-Dep">1202783</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="476C69218CDE6A4998D98EAD1B86F348" type="ZooBank">DAB14765-7C9C-41FF-9ECF-563B82B9D258</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="C32887CBFFD2BA20FF3DFD25FD4BEDA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5991866" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142340506" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5991866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C32887CBFFD2BA20FF3DFD25FD4BEDA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C32887CBFFD2BA20FF3DFD25FD4BEDA6" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<subSubSection id="039B6556FFD2BA21FF3DFD25FD97E92C" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFD2BA21FF3DFD25FD85E8CE" blockId="66.[151,634,722,782]" box="[151,616,722,748]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<heading id="107681B1FFD2BA21FF3DFD25FD85E8CE" bold="true" box="[151,616,722,748]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFD2BA21FF3DFD25FD85E8CE" ID-CoL="4RM67" authority="(Berkenhout, 1769)" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[151,616,722,748]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD2BA21FF3DFD25FD85E8CE" bold="true" box="[151,616,722,748]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD2BA21FF3DFD25FE9DE8CE" bold="true" box="[151,368,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Rattus norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Berkenhout, 1769)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFD2BA21FF3DFD02FD97E92C" blockId="66.[151,634,722,782]" box="[151,634,757,782]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD2BA21FF3DFD02FEBAE92C" bold="true" box="[151,343,757,782]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Common name:</emphasis>
|
||
Norway rat or Brown rat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="039B6556FFD2BA21FF3DFCCAFDA3E9C4" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFD2BA21FF3DFCCAFA7DE9E0" blockId="66.[151,1436,829,1070]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD2BA21FF3DFCCAFEE7E974" bold="true" box="[151,266,829,854]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: Larger more robust rat, head body length about
|
||
<quantity id="8C799B38FFD2BA21FC95FCC9FC4DE977" box="[831,928,830,854]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="380.0">380 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and tail
|
||
<quantity id="8C799B38FFD2BA21FBA1FCCAFB81E977" box="[1035,1132,829,854]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="175.0">175 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The color is solid grayish brown above and below (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A58FFD2BA21FE1BFC96FDCEE958" box="[433,547,865,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 76" captionStartId="66.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionText="FIGURE 76. The brown rat, Rattus norvegicus." pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 76</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFD2BA21FD06FC95FCE0E95B" authorityName="rattus (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[684,781,866,889]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD2BA21FD06FC95FCE0E95B" box="[684,781,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the tail is shorter than head and body length. Tail also with distinct epidermal scales. Six pairs of mammae. Large and very elongated skull, with parallel tempoparietal ridges. Tympanic bullae small and only little inflated. First upper molar without an anterolateral cusp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D3BA2A58FFD2BA21FABBFC5EFA6EE9E0" box="[1297,1411,937,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1514,1536]" captionTargetBox="[388,1242,197,1464]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[377,1246,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 77. A. Dorsal, B. Ventral views of theskull, C. Lower jaw (scale bar = 10 mm), and D. Maxillary and mandibulat teeth (scale bar = 1 mm) for Rattus norvegicus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202925/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 77</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFD2BA21FF6DFC3AFDA3E9C4" blockId="66.[151,1436,829,1070]" box="[199,590,973,998]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FBE93C80FFD2BA21FF6DFC3AFDA3E9C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1835976054" box="[199,590,973,998]" location="Amman, Jarash, Irbid" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amman, Jarash, Irbid">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD2BA21FF6DFC3AFEAEE9C4" bold="true" box="[199,323,973,998]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Localities:</emphasis>
|
||
‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8945F83FFFD2BA21FEE5FC39FDA7E9C4" box="[335,586,973,998]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Ammān, Jarash, Irbid</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="039B6556FFD2BA21FF6DFC06FCFDEE0F" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFD2BA21FF6DFC06FCFDEE0F" blockId="66.[151,1436,829,1070]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD2BA21FF6DFC06FEC1EE28" bold="true" box="[199,300,1009,1034]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is associated with farm buildings in rural areas. Refuse tips, sewer systems, hedges and field margins are also suitable habitats for the brown rat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="1FFE6655FFD2BA21FF3DF87BFD93ED80" box="[151,638,1932,1954]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFD2BA21FF3DF87BFD93ED80" blockId="66.[151,638,1932,1954]" box="[151,638,1932,1954]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD2BA21FF3DF87BFEF2ED83" bold="true" box="[151,287,1932,1954]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 76.</emphasis>
|
||
The brown rat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFD2BA21FE68F87AFD95ED80" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[450,632,1933,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD2BA21FE68F87AFD95ED80" box="[450,632,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Rattus norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1FFE6655FFD3BA20FF3DFA1DFD99EC3D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202925/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" startId="67.[151,250,1514,1536]" targetBox="[388,1242,197,1464]" targetPageId="67">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFD3BA20FF3DFA1DFD99EC3D" blockId="67.[151,1436,1514,1567]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD3BA20FF3DFA1DFEAFEFDD" bold="true" box="[151,322,1514,1536]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 77. A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD3BA20FE36FA1DFE40EFDD" bold="true" box="[412,429,1514,1535]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral views of theskull,
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD3BA20FD61FA1DFD0EEC22" bold="true" box="[715,739,1514,1536]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Lower jaw (scale bar = 10 mm), and
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD3BA20FBDBFA1DFB64EFDD" bold="true" box="[1137,1161,1514,1535]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Maxillary and mandibulat teeth (scale bar = 1 mm) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFD3BA20FE12F9FDFD83EC3D" baseAuthorityName="Berkenhout" baseAuthorityYear="1769" box="[440,622,1546,1567]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD3BA20FE12F9FDFD83EC3D" box="[440,622,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Rattus norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="039B6556FFD3BA20FF6DF9BCFF3DECF2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFD3BA20FF6DF9BCFF3DECF2" blockId="67.[151,1436,1611,1924]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD3BA20FF6DF9BCFEC7EC46" bold="true" box="[199,298,1611,1636]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
This is one the most prolific mammals. Females become sexually mature when they reach 8 to 12 weeksold. Gestation periodlasts for 21 and 23 days.It is possible to have 13 litters per year, each with seven to nine newborns.The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFFD3BA20FE97F963FE7AEC8E" box="[317,407,1684,1708]" name="Norway" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
ratlive in groups, with a dominant male who gains priority access to food, water and resting sites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="039B6556FFD3BA20FF6DF92CFD4BEDA6" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B3E36DDFFD3BA20FF6DF92CFD4BEDA6" blockId="67.[151,1436,1611,1924]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD3BA20FF6DF92CFED0ECD6" bold="true" box="[199,317,1755,1780]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
This species may have been introduced long time ago to the Middle East. It is not as common as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C814D5EFFD3BA20FA2EF92BFF35ED35" authorityName="rattus (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="79F5EACFFFD3BA20FA2EF92BFF35ED35" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and did not establish itself very well in our area. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3396764DFFD3BA20FCE8F8F7FC71ED3A" box="[834,924,1792,1816]" name="Norway" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
rat can live in close quarters with humans in buildings, trash filled streets, sewer systems, grain bins and stock feeding areas. Its introduction to our area is not known, and it may have gained entrance through commercial shipping after establishment of the ‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8945F83FFFD3BA20FB7AF8B0FAF3ED42" box="[1232,1310,1863,1888]" country="Jordan" name="Al 'Aqabah" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Aqaba</collectingRegion>
|
||
Sea port in the early fifties. No direct threats are observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |