219 lines
30 KiB
XML
219 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="D463FA235CBD472B1E57B0DC1B211CD3" ID-CLB-Dataset="22221" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2013.45" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a66592b8-63a8-4c2d-9471-e58ddb2c0559" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3822710" ID-ZooBank="41B10E4D-7DAB-40CA-A8FE-4ECA078E04A3" checkinTime="1589313835598" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Zahniser, James N. & Dietrich, Chris H." docDate="2013" docId="6903BC00A3CDFF63AC83E59F2AC0FE61" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2013-45.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 45" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.12:EJT.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="12" docTitle="Paralimnini Distant 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="953AC478A34EFFE6AE00E1572B5EFFD9" masterDocTitle="A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)" masterLastPageNumber="211" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="132" updateTime="1685912909012" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="6A3C8DDD0BDFAE3B9410ABE6C4C33BFC">A review of the tribes of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EDBCB9EF573F71B5BE16B098D1095B0F">Zahniser, James N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DE597B6BC77237949D09CEBE36248637">Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 44 D 6 E 44 - FA 1 C- 4 B 29 - B 7 BB-FAF 5940 CD 225 & corresponding author e-mail: zahniser @ illinois. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1AE33F80F95323B8A369D0F647E45D4C">Dietrich, Chris H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6B5609D0E1467FD6B7BD4284D709A926">Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 82 FCB 86 C- 54 B 4 - 456 A-AE 5 E-D 7847 D 271 CB 9</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9D189912ACA47BF5F9EC3332DA0C3D7E">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A1A017566CE14D3F1A17067897952495">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C642DE1220BEAD892151BDB526546CCF">2013-05-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D830DD34ED4C6DE3C84F59635EBBDACB">45</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6903BC00A3CDFF63AC83E59F2AC0FE61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3844651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3844651" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6903BC00A3CDFF63AC83E59F2AC0FE61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6903BC00A3CDFF63AC83E59F2AC0FE61" lastPageId="133" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA3CDFF65AC83E59F28EFFB3B" box="[643,945,1224,1250]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CDFF65AC83E59F28EFFB3B" blockId="131.[643,945,1224,1285]" box="[643,945,1224,1250]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<heading id="BA5DBA7AA3CDFF65AC83E59F28EFFB3B" box="[643,945,1224,1250]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CDFF65AC83E59F28EFFB3B" ID-CoL="8JKD4" ID-ENA="2768495" authority="Distant, 1908" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" box="[643,945,1224,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paralimnini">
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Paralimnini
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<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CDFF65AD13E59F28EFFB3B" author="Distant W. L." box="[787,945,1224,1250]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" refId="ref85845" refString="Distant W. L. 1908. Rhynchota - Homoptera. In: Bingham C. T. (ed.) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Volume 4. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1908">Distant, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA3CDFF65ACD8E5BC2805FADC" box="[728,859,1259,1285]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CDFF65ACD8E5BC2805FADC" blockId="131.[643,945,1224,1285]" box="[728,859,1259,1285]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<figureCitation id="79911193A3CDFF65ACD8E5BC286CFADC" box="[728,818,1259,1285]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="134.[189,232,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[198,1391,485,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@134.[191,1400,482,1915]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="Fig. 42. Paralimnini (Aglenina). Aglena ornata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838). A–I. Standard views (see Material & Methods). G. Connective and style shown with aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3822802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3822802/files/figure.png" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Figs 42</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="79911193A3CDFF65AD3EE5BC2805FADC" box="[830,859,1259,1285]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="135.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[218,1366,269,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@135.[212,1380,265,1920]" captionTargetPageId="135" captionText="Fig. 43. Paralimnini (Paralimnina). A–C. Paralimnus angusticeps Zachvatkin, 1953. D–I. Psammotettix striatus (Linnaeus, 1758). A–I. Standard views (see Material & Methods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3822804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3822804/files/figure.png" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">43</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA3CDFF65AEBDE47A29E7FA9F" box="[189,697,1324,1351]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CDFF65AEBDE47A29E7FA9F" blockId="131.[189,697,1324,1351]" box="[189,697,1324,1351]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<typeStatus id="3E11B3B4A3CDFF65AEBDE47A2BA9FA9E" box="[189,247,1325,1351]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CDFF65AF52E47B29EBFA9F" authority="Matsumura, 1902" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1902" box="[338,693,1324,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Paralimnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CDFF65AF52E47B2A85FA9F" box="[338,475,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Paralimnus</emphasis>
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Matsumura, 1902
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA3CDFF65AEBDE43929EFF950" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CDFF65AEBDE4392A68FA51" blockId="131.[189,310,1390,1416]" box="[189,310,1390,1416]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<heading id="BA5DBA7AA3CDFF65AEBDE4392A68FA51" bold="true" box="[189,310,1390,1416]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CDFF65AEBDE4392A68FA51" bold="true" box="[189,310,1390,1416]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CDFF65AEBDE4CB29EFF950" blockId="131.[189,1399,1436,1674]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CDFF65AEBDE4CB2A18FA6F" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" box="[189,326,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paralimnini">Paralimnini</taxonomicName>
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are small to medium sized leafhoppers. They can be identified by the combination of the following characters: clypellus tapering apically or parallel-sided, lorum narrower than clypellus at base; connective with anterior arms closely appressed, articulated with aedeagus; female first valvula sculpturing imbricate or rarely maculose or granulose. The tribe is very similar morphologically to the closely related
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<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CDFF65AF9FE77E2911F99A" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1870" box="[415,591,1577,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Deltocephalini">Deltocephalini</taxonomicName>
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, from which it can be distinguished by the articulation between the connective and aedeagus (fused in
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<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CDFF65AC60E71B284CF9BE" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1870" box="[608,786,1612,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Deltocephalini">Deltocephalini</taxonomicName>
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), although a few species of
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<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CDFF65AA62E71B2F8FF9BF" authorityName="DeLong" authorityYear="1926" box="[1122,1233,1612,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Flexamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CDFF65AA62E71B2F8FF9BF" box="[1122,1233,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Flexamia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CDFF65AAE2E71B2E31F9BE" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" box="[1250,1391,1612,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paralimnini">Paralimnini</taxonomicName>
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) have the connective fused to the aedeagus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA3CDFF62AEBDE7E62975FB11" lastPageId="132" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CDFF65AEBDE7E62A10F912" blockId="131.[189,334,1713,1739]" box="[189,334,1713,1739]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<heading id="BA5DBA7AA3CDFF65AEBDE7E62A10F912" bold="true" box="[189,334,1713,1739]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CDFF65AEBDE7E62A10F912" bold="true" box="[189,334,1713,1739]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CDFF65AEBDE7B729FCF814" blockId="131.[189,1399,1759,1997]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">HEAD. Head subequal to or wider than pronotum. Discal portion of crown glabrous with radial or longitudinal striae, or shagreen. Anterior margin of head shagreen. Frontoclypeus not tumid or tumid; texture shagreen. Clypellus parallel-sided or tapering apically; apex following or slightly surpassing normal curve of gena. Lorum distinctly narrower than clypellus near base. Antennal bases near middle or posteroventral (lower) corners of eyes. Antennae short, less than 1.5 x width of head. Gena obtusely incised laterally; with fine erect seta beside laterofrontal suture. Antennal ledges absent. Ocelli present; close to eyes; on anterior margin of head.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CAFF62AEBDE05B2E5EFEFF" blockId="132.[189,1280,267,294]" box="[189,1280,267,294]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">THORAX. Pronotum lateral margin not carinate; lateral margin shorter than basal width of eye.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CAFF62AEBDE01A2935FE09" blockId="132.[189,1398,333,465]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
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WINGS. Forewing macropterous to brachypterous; if macropterous then appendix absent, reduced, or present and restricted to anal margin; with 3 anteapical cells; veins not raised; without or rarely with reflexed costal veins; crossvein r-m1 often connected to
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<collectionCode id="87BB95D3A3CAFF62AD61E0C3282BFE77" box="[865,885,404,430]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">R</collectionCode>
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basad of its fork; A1-A2 crossvein absent; apical venation not highly reticulate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CAFF62AEBDE0AF283FFDA2" blockId="132.[189,1399,504,636]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
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LEGS. Profemur with
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<collectionCode id="87BB95D3A3CAFF62AFC1E0AF2AABFDCB" box="[449,501,504,530]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
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1 seta only; intercalary row with one row of five or more fine setae; row AV usually with short, stout setae or rarely with relatively long macrosetae. Protibia dorsal surface rounded, convex. Metafemur apex macrosetae 2+2+1. Metatarsomere I not expanded apically; plantar setae simple, tapered or rarely with one or more platellae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CAFF62AEBDE3F42F7FFC0E" blockId="132.[189,1399,675,983]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
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<collectionCode id="87BB95D3A3CAFF62AEBDE3F42BA1FD62" box="[189,255,675,701]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">MALE</collectionCode>
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GENITALIA. Valve articulated with pygofer; lateral margin short, articulating with pygofer at a point. Pygofer dorsoapical margin incised to near mid-length; basolateral membranous cleft present; macrosetae well differentiated into several rows. Subgenital plates free from each other; usually articulated with valve, or rarely fused; macrosetae uniseriate laterally, with two lateral rows of macrosetae, with some irregularly arranged macrosetae near lateral margin, or reduced or absent. Style broadly bilobed basally, median anterior lobe pronounced. Basal processes of the aedeagus/connective absent or reduced or present, connected or articulated to connective or near base of aedeagus. Aedeagus with single shaft and gonopore. Connective anterior arms closely appressed anteriorly, linear- or loop-shaped); nearly always articulated with aedeagus, rarely fused to aedeagus (e.g., some
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<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CAFF62ADA1E2EB2F4EFC0F" authorityName="DeLong" authorityYear="1926" box="[929,1040,956,982]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Flexamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CAFF62ADA1E2EB2F4EFC0F" box="[929,1040,956,982]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Flexamia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CAFF62AEBDE2A92975FB11" blockId="132.[189,1399,1022,1224]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">FEMALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor not protruding or rarely protruding far beyond pygofer apex. First valvula convex or not strongly convex; dorsal sculpturing pattern imbricate (with overlapping scales) or rarely granulose or maculose; sculpturing reaching dorsal margin or submarginal; without or rarely with distinctly delimited ventroapical sculpturing. Second valvula broad, gradually tapered; without dorsal median tooth; teeth on apical 1/3 or more; teeth small, regularly or irregularly shaped or absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA3CAFF62AEBDE5B82947F9A9" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CAFF62AEBDE5B82ABAFAD3" blockId="132.[189,484,1263,1290]" box="[189,484,1263,1290]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
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<heading id="BA5DBA7AA3CAFF62AEBDE5B82ABAFAD3" bold="true" box="[189,484,1263,1290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CAFF62AEBDE5B82ABAFAD3" bold="true" box="[189,484,1263,1290]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Geography and ecology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CAFF62AEBDE449285BF9D5" blockId="132.[189,1399,1310,1548]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
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Distribution: cosmopolitan.
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<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CAFF62AC09E44929CCFAE1" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" box="[521,658,1310,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paralimnini">Paralimnini</taxonomicName>
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feed on grasses or sedges and are often abundant in grassland ecosystems. A case study of the North American genus
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<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CAFF62AD44E41628EDFA82" authorityName="DeLong" authorityYear="1926" box="[836,947,1345,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Flexamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CAFF62AD44E41628EDFA82" box="[836,947,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Flexamia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CAFF62ADC2E4162FB0FA82" author="Whitcomb R. F. & Hicks A. L." box="[962,1262,1345,1371]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" pagination="224 - 323" refId="ref91625" refString="Whitcomb R. F. & Hicks A. L. 1988. Genus Flexamia: new species, phylogeny, and ecology. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 12: 224 - 323." type="journal article" year="1988">Whitcomb & Hicks 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CAFF62AAFAE4162A7EFAA7" author="Dietrich C. H. & Whitcomb R. F. & Black IV" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" pagination="139 - 149" refId="ref85719" refString="Dietrich C. H., Whitcomb R. F. & Black IV W. C. 1997. Phylogeny of the grassland leafhopper genus Flexamia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: 139 - 149. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1997.0415" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Dietrich
|
||
<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CAFF62AB61E4152B85FAA7" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) examined the roles of host plants, geography, phenology, and phylogeny in the species level diversification of the genus. These studies showed that related species groups feed on the same or similar species of grass hosts and that host shifts occurred in the past, sometimes to distantly related grass species. Geographic partitioning of the grass host ranges and phenological differences of the leafhopper species contributed to the speciation of the group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CAFF62AEBDE7642947F9A9" blockId="132.[189,1398,1586,1648]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CAFF62AEBDE76429D4F994" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[189,650,1586,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Psammotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CAFF62AEBDE7642AE2F995" box="[189,444,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Psammotettix striatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CAFF62ACC3E7642F5AF994" authority="(Dahlbom, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Dahlbom" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[707,1028,1586,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Psammotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CAFF62ACC3E764286AF995" box="[707,820,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">P. alienus</emphasis>
|
||
(Dahlbom, 1850)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
transmit wheat dwarf virus and mosaic virus of winter wheat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A9B05E9DA3CAFF63AEBDE7C02AC0FE61" lastPageId="133" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CAFF62AEBDE7C02A71F968" blockId="132.[189,303,1687,1713]" box="[189,303,1687,1713]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<heading id="BA5DBA7AA3CAFF62AEBDE7C02A71F968" bold="true" box="[189,303,1687,1713]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CAFF62AEBDE7C02A71F968" bold="true" box="[189,303,1687,1713]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CAFF62AEBDE79128CAF849" blockId="132.[189,1399,1734,1936]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CAFF62AEBDE7912A18F939" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" box="[189,326,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paralimnini">Paralimnini</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains 139 genera and 931 species. It is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CAFF62AA31E7912FBFF939" authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1870" box="[1073,1249,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Deltocephalini">Deltocephalini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it shares a similar head morphology and the linear connective.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CAFF62ADD3E7BE2F2CF8DA" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1951" box="[979,1138,1769,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tetartostylini">Tetartostylini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a similar connective articulated with the aedeagus but has the subgenital plates fused to the valve and with unique apical spines, is also closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CAFF62AC94E678287FF890" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" box="[660,801,1839,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paralimnini">Paralimnini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Many species in understudied areas of the world remain to be described. For example, in just three publications,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CAFF62ADBDE6052F09F8B4" author="Stiller M." box="[957,1111,1874,1901]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref90090" refString="Stiller M. 2009. A revision of the South African leafhopper genus Drakensbergena Linnavuori (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Drakensbergeninae). Zootaxa 2132: 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2009">Stiller (2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CAFF62AA65E6042FF1F8B4" author="Stiller M." box="[1125,1199,1875,1901]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref90120" refString="Stiller M. 2010 a. Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae). Zootaxa 2468: 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="2010">2010a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b) described 59 new species in three genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26AA7695A3CAFF62AC27E62129EEF849" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1908" box="[551,688,1910,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paralimnini">Paralimnini</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="99BD4D86A3CAFF62ACF7E62128CEF849" box="[759,912,1910,1936]" name="South Africa" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CBFF63AEBDE05C2AF5FEFC" blockId="133.[189,427,267,293]" box="[189,427,267,293]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<heading id="BA5DBA7AA3CBFF63AEBDE05C2AF5FEFC" bold="true" box="[189,427,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CBFF63AEBDE05C2AF5FEFC" bold="true" box="[189,427,267,293]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Selected references</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CBFF63AEBDE06E28BEFEA1" blockId="133.[189,1399,313,376]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CBFF63AEBDE06E2AC9FE8D" author="Emeljanov A. F." box="[189,407,313,340]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="236 - 240" refId="ref86687" refString="Emeljanov A. F. 1962. New tribes of the leafhopper subfamily Euscelinae (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 41: 388 - 397. [In Russian with English summary, translation in Entomological Review 41 (2): 236 - 240]" type="journal article" year="1962">Emeljanov (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CBFF63AFA5E06E290FFE8D" author="Knight W. J." box="[421,593,313,340]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="357 - 413" refId="ref88011" refString="Knight W. J. 1974. Evolution of the Holarctic leafhopper genus Diplocolenus Ribaut, with descriptions and keys to subgenera and species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 29 (7): 357 - 413." type="journal article" year="1974">Knight (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CBFF63AC5EE06E28FDFE8D" author="Whitcomb R. F. & Hicks A. L." box="[606,931,313,340]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="224 - 323" refId="ref91625" refString="Whitcomb R. F. & Hicks A. L. 1988. Genus Flexamia: new species, phylogeny, and ecology. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 12: 224 - 323." type="journal article" year="1988">Whitcomb & Hicks (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CBFF63ADB0E06E2F9CFE8D" author="Webb M. D. & Heller F. R." box="[944,1218,313,340]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref91057" refString="Webb M. D. & Heller F. R. 1990. The leafhopper genus Pseupalus in the Old World tropics, with a check-list of the Afrotropical and Oriental Paralimnini (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie) 452: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1990">Webb & Heller (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CBFF63AAD0E06E2A50FEAE" author="Dietrich C. H. & Whitcomb R. F. & Black IV" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="139 - 149" refId="ref85719" refString="Dietrich C. H., Whitcomb R. F. & Black IV W. C. 1997. Phylogeny of the grassland leafhopper genus Flexamia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: 139 - 149. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1997.0415" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Dietrich
|
||
<emphasis id="D3DED104A3CBFF63AB3AE06D2E29FE8A" box="[1338,1399,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CBFF63AF1AE00A2A81FEAE" author="Kamitani S." box="[282,479,349,375]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="65 - 108" refId="ref87782" refString="Kamitani S. 1999. The phylogeny of the genera in the tribes Deltocephalini, Paralimnini, and their allies (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae). Esakia 39: 65 - 108." type="journal article" year="1999">Kamitani (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CBFF63AFEBE00A29E2FEA1" author="Dmitriev D. A." box="[491,700,349,376]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="31 - 53" refId="ref86182" refString="Dmitriev D. A. 2004 b. Larvae of leafhoppers of the subfamily Deltocephalinae (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) from European Russia and adjacent territories: III. Tribes Deltocephalini, Stirellini, and Paralimnini. Entomological Review 84 (1): 31 - 53." type="journal article" year="2004">Dmitriev (2004b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CBFF63ACC8E00A2800FEAE" author="Stiller M." box="[712,862,349,375]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref90090" refString="Stiller M. 2009. A revision of the South African leafhopper genus Drakensbergena Linnavuori (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Drakensbergeninae). Zootaxa 2132: 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2009">Stiller (2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="853B70E7A3CBFF63AD6AE00A28EBFEAE" author="Stiller M." box="[874,949,349,375]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref90120" refString="Stiller M. 2010 a. Revision of the Southern African leafhopper genus Pravistylus (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae). Zootaxa 2468: 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="2010">2010a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E1150D16A3CBFF63AEBDE0C92AC0FE61" blockId="133.[189,414,414,440]" box="[189,414,414,440]" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">Included subtribes:</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |