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<document id="738AD20D9DDA955C1EF20AC263415F48" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1821" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13228969" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722893937960" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Reid, Chris A. M. &amp; Runagall-Mcnaull, Aidan" docDate="2022" docId="424B87F8EC535066FF54B56EFF43F854" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.74.5.131–150.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 74 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1821" docStyle="DocumentStyle:997BA24B490466A2F99594A367FA147F.4:RecAustMus.2019-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="997BA24B490466A2F99594A367FA147F" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2019-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Onthophagus nammuldi Matthews 1972" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="BE72FF80EC5A506DFFD1B023FFBCFF9B" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Onthophagus pexatus Species-group, with Description of a New Brachypterous Species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="131" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1722901422291" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C7511F300C9D9421FC3F9393CA1C4C46">A Revision of the Onthophagus pexatus Species-group, with Description of a New Brachypterous Species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E261F3CD6208E7993C4436AF7EAD12DC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CDD158CDCE7314B394FAB890CB1B1621">Reid, Chris A. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FE76B4490E57DDDA61D55BF43E613C36" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BF1DCD99085C6147E5D9BEEE64E54E05">
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<mods:namePart id="5E50AA14D5359102A4EC95F1DD9C671B">Runagall-Mcnaull, Aidan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="322908A7E4E156E366213428A15A260A">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0CF5B8AD195B44AD5071663140B56C8B">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="AEE535FD019F82E4BFA4C06F5F088108" type="series">
<mods:title id="C9A72017CBB8CAC714152EBABC08F482">Rec. Aust. Mus.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="92D91393EA1FFA4FD9F7645C158803A5">2022-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="445DF15969E418AB96B97E646D15519A">74</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9CE206399F06826118AB2B842B417F8B">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="660A99DB43F5C97D64F1EF55FCBB2729">131</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="5D79CF86E7147D5740B641107B11E58B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1821</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="7F47F12A8444A567C87CAE4C195EB25E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6A0B393E61211D7DD8957C840B4933FB" type="DOI">10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1821</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="64323C69E7A6C59FF0B6553728341604" type="ISSN">2201-4349</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3B633BF479E5B633E5F05F60AA0A4E1D" type="Zenodo-Dep">13228969</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="424B87F8EC535066FF54B56EFF43F854" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13228997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:424B87F8EC535066FF54B56EFF43F854" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/424B87F8EC535066FF54B56EFF43F854" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<subSubSection id="82F86565EC535064FF54B56EFD5CFAF7" box="[133,736,1357,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC535064FF54B56EFD5CFAF7" blockId="9.[133,736,1357,1388]" box="[133,736,1357,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<heading id="91158182EC535064FF54B56EFD5CFAF7" bold="true" box="[133,736,1357,1388]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="0DE24D6DEC535064FF54B56EFD5CFAF7" ID-CoL="7XNM8" authority="Matthews, 1972" authorityName="Matthews" authorityYear="1972" box="[133,736,1357,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nammuldi">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC535064FF54B56EFD5CFAF7" bold="true" box="[133,736,1357,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC535064FF54B56EFE55FAF7" bold="true" box="[133,489,1357,1388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">Onthophagus nammuldi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE734B1FEC535064FE22B56EFD5CFAF7" author="Matthews, E." box="[499,736,1357,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" pagination="3 - 330" refId="ref13173" refString="Matthews, E. 1972. A revision of the scarabaeine dung beetles of Australia. I. tribe Onthophagini. Australian Journal of Zoology. Supplementary Series 9: 3 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 009" type="book chapter" year="1972">Matthews, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82F86565EC535064FF26B5A5FDD2FA3B" box="[247,622,1414,1441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="description">
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC535064FF26B5A5FDD2FA3B" blockId="9.[247,622,1414,1441]" box="[247,622,1414,1441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC535064FF26B5A5FEDEFA3A" box="[247,354,1414,1441]" captionStart="Figures 5–8" captionStartId="5.[154,231,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[213,1333,168,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-9@5.[121,1421,151,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 5–8. (5, 6) Onthophagus nammuldi Matthews, male, dorsal &amp; lateral; (7, 8) O. pexatus Harold, male, dorsal and lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228973/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC535064FEBEB5A5FE00FA3B" box="[367,444,1414,1440]" captionStart="Figures 17–20" captionStartId="9.[121,198,1260,1282]" captionTargetBox="[121,1421,144,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-10@9.[121,1421,144,1244]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 17–20. Onthophagus species, head, male (left), and female (right), fresh specimens. (17, 18) O. longipes Paulian; (19, 20) O. nammuldi Matthews." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">19–20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC535064FE18B5A5FE55FA3B" box="[457,489,1414,1440]" captionStart="Figures 25–29" captionStartId="11.[121,198,1565,1587]" captionTargetBox="[121,748,151,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-106@11.[121,748,151,1553]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 25–29. Onthophagus species, venter of right metafemur. (25) O. bulga sp. nov.; (26) O. longipes Paulian; (27) O. nammuldi Matthews; (28) O. pexatus Harold; (29) O. squalidus Lea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228987/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC535064FE27B5A5FDAAFA3B" box="[502,534,1414,1440]" captionStart="Figures 30–34" captionStartId="12.[167,244,762,784]" captionTargetBox="[178,1466,144,748]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[166,1466,130,748]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 30–34. Onthophagus species, left protibia. (30) O. bulga sp. nov.; (31) O. longipes Paulian; (32) O. nammuldi Matthews; (33) O. pexatus Harold; (34) O. squalidus Lea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228991/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC535064FDF2B5A5FDFFFA3B" box="[547,579,1414,1440]" captionStart="Figures 37–41" captionStartId="13.[819,896,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[121,1422,151,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-10@13.[121,1421,151,1679]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 37–41. Onthophagus species, pygidium.(37) O. bulga sp. nov.; (38) O. longipes Paulian; (39) O. nammuldi Matthews; (40) O. pexatus Harold; (41) O. squalidus Lea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228995/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC535064FD81B5A5FDD2FA3B" box="[592,622,1414,1440]" captionStart="Figures 42–48" captionStartId="14.[167,244,1399,1421]" captionTargetBox="[167,1459,164,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-65@14.[166,1465,151,1381]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–48. Onthophagus species, aedeagus, lateral. (42) O. bulga sp. nov.; (43) O. longipes Paulian; (44) O. nammuldi Matthews; (45) O. squalidus Lea; (46) O. pexatus, Dairy Park, NSW; (47) O. pexatus, Wombeyan Caves, NSW; (48) O. pexatus, Woolomin, NSW." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228999/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">44</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82F86565EC535064FF46B597FD39FA7E" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC535064FF46B597FD39FA7E" blockId="9.[151,717,1460,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EAF211C0EC535064FF46B597FD39FA7E" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<treatmentCitation id="4B4310FFEC535064FF46B597FDDAFA51" author="Matthews, E." box="[151,614,1460,1482]" page="208" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" year="1972">
<taxonomicName id="0DE24D6DEC535064FF46B597FDDAFA51" ID-CoL="7XNM8" authority="Matthews, 1972: 208" authorityName="Matthews" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,614,1460,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nammuldi">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC535064FF46B597FE39FA52" box="[151,389,1460,1481]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">Onthophagus nammuldi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE734B1FEC535064FE5EB597FDDAFA51" author="Matthews, E." box="[399,614,1460,1482]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" pagination="3 - 330" refId="ref13173" refString="Matthews, E. 1972. A revision of the scarabaeine dung beetles of Australia. I. tribe Onthophagini. Australian Journal of Zoology. Supplementary Series 9: 3 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 009" type="book chapter" year="1972">Matthews, 1972: 208</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; Cassis &amp; Weir, 1992: 143; Monteith &amp; Kenyon, 2011: 57.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82F86565EC535064FFA8B5D9FEECF9F0" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC535064FFA8B5D9FEECF9F0" blockId="9.[121,748,1530,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC535064FFA8B5D9FEE9F989" bold="true" box="[121,341,1530,1554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">Material examined</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="DCE4FD67EC535064FEB8B5D8FE30F988" box="[361,396,1531,1555]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="DCE4FD67EC535064FE4AB5D8FE01F988" box="[411,445,1531,1555]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
).
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC535064FE06B5D8FD19F988" bold="true" box="[471,677,1530,1555]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<collectingRegion id="0826F80CEC535064FE06B5D8FD19F988" box="[471,677,1530,1555]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="DCE4FD67EC535064FD66B5D8FD65F988" box="[695,729,1531,1555]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
*,
<specimenCount id="DCE4FD67EC535064FFA8B63BFF21F9AB" box="[121,157,1560,1584]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="DCE4FD67EC535064FF77B63BFF79F9AB" box="[166,197,1560,1584]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
/
<materialsCitation id="7A8A3CB3EC535064FF05B63BFEF0F9F0" collectingDate="2013-03-21" collectingDateMax="2013-03-22" collectingDateMin="2013-03-21" collectionCode="NP, AMS" collectorName="Seven Mile Beach &amp; C Rojewski" latitude="-34.766666" location="Gerroa" longLatPrecision="1197" longitude="150.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales">
<location id="CF3D6035EC535064FF05B63BFEA2F9AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:424B87F8EC535066FF54B56EFF43F854:CF3D6035EC535064FF05B63BFEA2F9AB" box="[212,286,1560,1584]" latitude="-34.766666" longLatPrecision="1197" longitude="150.8" name="Gerroa" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" stateProvince="New South Wales">Gerroa</location>
<locationDeviation id="DBEF2FCCEC535064FEF5B63BFE60F9AB" box="[292,476,1560,1584]" location="Sydney" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<quantity id="0D1A9B0BEC535064FEF5B63BFECFF9AB" box="[292,371,1560,1584]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" unit="km" value="105.0">105 km</quantity>
S Sydney
</locationDeviation>
<geoCoordinate id="AFD65029EC535064FE33B63BFD89F9AB" box="[482,565,1559,1584]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" precision="925" value="-34.766666">34°46'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="AFD65029EC535064FDEAB63BFD21F9AB" box="[571,669,1559,1584]" degrees="150" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" precision="925" value="150.8">150°48'E</geoCoordinate>
[
<collectorName id="67175338EC535064FD79B63BFF4FF9D6" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">Seven Mile Beach</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="ACF3AE2BEC535064FF29B615FEA1F9D6" box="[248,285,1590,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">NP</collectionCode>
] forest, sand,
<collectingMethod id="13A34EF9EC535064FE7DB616FE52F9D6" box="[428,494,1589,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">pitfall</collectingMethod>
, excrem.
<date id="BE5C102EEC535064FD80B616FD50F9D6" box="[593,748,1589,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" value="2013-03-21" valueMax="2013-03-22" valueMin="2013-03-21">
<collectingDate id="AE18E9C6EC535064FD80B616FD50F9D6" box="[593,748,1589,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" value="2013-03-21" valueMax="2013-03-22" valueMin="2013-03-21">21–22.iii.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectorName id="67175338EC535064FFA8B670FF4AF9F0" box="[121,246,1619,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">C Rojewski</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ACF3AE2BEC535064FED4B670FEF8F9F0" box="[261,324,1619,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">AMS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82F86565EC535066FFA8B6A3FF43F854" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" type="description">
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC535064FFA8B6A3FE94F8FE" blockId="9.[121,749,1664,1893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC535064FFA8B6A3FE9DF903" bold="true" box="[121,289,1664,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">Redescription</emphasis>
. Mature specimens dorsally dull grey-black, with or without reddish spot at apex of 6th elytral interval and with reddish spots at sides of apical abdominal tergites, antennae reddish-brown, with blackish-brown to dark grey clubs; densely microreticulate, with shiny less microsculptured anterior third of clypeus, frontal ridges and legs, usually also shiny striae. Length, male
<quantity id="0D1A9B0BEC535064FD5AB713FD55F8DC" box="[651,745,1840,1864]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
; female
<quantity id="0D1A9B0BEC535064FF19B76EFE98F8FE" box="[200,292,1869,1893]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="140" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC535064FFA8B758FA31F9A8" blockId="9.[121,749,1915,1997]" lastBlockId="9.[793,1422,1358,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC535064FFA8B758FF0EF808" bold="true" box="[121,178,1915,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">Male</emphasis>
. Head (
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC535064FED6B758FEEAF808" box="[263,342,1915,1939]" captionStart="Figures 17–20" captionStartId="9.[121,198,1260,1282]" captionTargetBox="[121,1421,144,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-10@9.[121,1421,144,1244]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 17–20. Onthophagus species, head, male (left), and female (right), fresh specimens. (17, 18) O. longipes Paulian; (19, 20) O. nammuldi Matthews." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228983/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Surface dull and densely microreticulate, except shiny apical third of clypeus and margins, closely and strongly punctured, covered with erect long setae (may be abraded). Clypeus not produced, margins reflexed, apex arcuately excavate with sides of excavation rounded or feebly angulate, side margins slightly rounded; clypeal suture entirely effaced at frontal portion, genal portions present and raised; frons with pair of shiny transverse ridges which may meet at middle; eyes narrow, 5–6 facet rows in width, separated by 12–14 eye widths, canthus complete, closed by dorsal width of eye; apex of mentum shallowly excavate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC535067FCE9B61BFDFAF8A0" blockId="9.[793,1422,1358,1998]" lastBlockId="10.[166,795,1328,1998]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">
Thorax (
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC535064FC41B61BFC52F9CB" box="[912,1006,1592,1616]" captionStart="Figures 5–8" captionStartId="5.[154,231,1939,1961]" captionTargetBox="[213,1333,168,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-9@5.[121,1421,151,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 5–8. (5, 6) Onthophagus nammuldi Matthews, male, dorsal &amp; lateral; (7, 8) O. pexatus Harold, male, dorsal and lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228973/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC535064FC27B61BFBAFF9CB" box="[1014,1043,1592,1616]" captionStart="Figures 25–29" captionStartId="11.[121,198,1565,1587]" captionTargetBox="[121,748,151,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-106@11.[121,748,151,1553]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 25–29. Onthophagus species, venter of right metafemur. (25) O. bulga sp. nov.; (26) O. longipes Paulian; (27) O. nammuldi Matthews; (28) O. pexatus Harold; (29) O. squalidus Lea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228987/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC535064FBCDB61BFB86F9CB" box="[1052,1082,1592,1616]" captionStart="Figures 30–34" captionStartId="12.[167,244,762,784]" captionTargetBox="[178,1466,144,748]" captionTargetId="figure-10@12.[166,1466,130,748]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 30–34. Onthophagus species, left protibia. (30) O. bulga sp. nov.; (31) O. longipes Paulian; (32) O. nammuldi Matthews; (33) O. pexatus Harold; (34) O. squalidus Lea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228991/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="140">32</figureCitation>
). Pronotum. Moderately convex, slightly narrower than elytra, without anteromedian swelling but midline slightly raised in anterior half and slightly depressed in posterior half; surface smooth, entirely strongly and densely microreticulate except shiny lateral margination, with scattered large shallow punctures separated by 1–2× diameters, each with conspicuous semi-erect seta; anterior angles 80–90°; anterior margined, sides evenly margined without small setose punctures, base without raised edge; pronotal hypomeron dull and densely microsculptured throughout, finely punctured, punctures sparse with long erect setae. Elytra. Semi-ovate in dorsal view, with prominent humeri and preapical swelling, longer than pronotum along midline. Dull and densely microreticulate, except apical half of suture shiny and striae usually shinier; intervals flat, except sparse small round shiny tubercles, forming one to two loosely defined rows when viewed longitudinally, tubercles with semi-erect long setae, setose tubercles of outermost interval scattered; strial punctures slightly broader than striae; epipleura with single row of curved setae. Metaventrite medially shiny, laterally (lateral to mesocoxae) dull and microreticulate, shallowly convex with scattered long setae, but midline grooved; wing fully developed, folded twice in repose. Legs. Protibiae slightly elongated and narrowed but with large triangular lateral teeth, inner apical angle with dense but apically spreading tuft of yellow setae about twice length of apical spur; distal face of apical tooth with loose sparse tuft of yellow setae about as long as apical spur, 4th (smallest) lateral tooth in basal half; metafemoral ventral surface smooth and mostly shiny, weakly microreticulate, with scattered large and small punctures, separated by 1–4 diameters.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9E9D6666EC505067FF77B4ECFE8FFB64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13228985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228985/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" startId="10.[166,243,1231,1253]" targetBox="[166,1466,149,1195]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC505067FF77B4ECFE8FFB64" blockId="10.[166,1467,1231,1279]" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FF77B4ECFE8AFB7F" bold="true" box="[166,310,1231,1253]" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Figures 21–24</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="0DE24D6DEC505067FE9AB4ECFDA0FB7E" box="[331,540,1231,1253]" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FE9AB4ECFE70FB7F" box="[331,460,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Onthophagus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, head, male (left), and female (right), fresh specimens. (
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FB93B4ECFBC3FB7F" box="[1090,1151,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">21, 22</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="0DE24D6DEC505067FB5FB4ECFAF8FB7E" authority="Harold" authorityName="Harold" box="[1166,1348,1231,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pexatus">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FB5FB4ECFB4AFB7E" box="[1166,1270,1231,1253]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">O. pexatus</emphasis>
Harold
</taxonomicName>
; (
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FA87B4ECFA2FFB7F" box="[1366,1427,1231,1252]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">23, 24</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="0DE24D6DEC505067FA72B4ECFE8FFB64" authority="Lea." authorityName="Lea." class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalidus">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FA72B4ECFEBEFB64" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">O. squalidus</emphasis>
Lea.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC505067FF14B763FAE3FAD3" blockId="10.[166,795,1328,1998]" lastBlockId="10.[839,1467,1328,1411]" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC505067FEEEB763FE2EF8C3" box="[319,402,1856,1880]" captionStart="Figures 37–41" captionStartId="13.[819,896,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[121,1422,151,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-10@13.[121,1421,151,1679]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 37–41. Onthophagus species, pygidium.(37) O. bulga sp. nov.; (38) O. longipes Paulian; (39) O. nammuldi Matthews; (40) O. pexatus Harold; (41) O. squalidus Lea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228995/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
). Ventrites dull, densely microreticulate, obscuring puncturation, each with single transverse row of erect pale setae; pygidium convex, densely and evenly microreticulate except shiny raised margins, punctures obscured by microreticulation and sparse, separated by&gt;5 diameters, setae long and thin, length&gt;10× width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC505067FCB4B56DFA98FA18" blockId="10.[839,1467,1328,1411]" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC505067FC0DB56DFB90FAFD" box="[988,1068,1358,1382]" captionStart="Figures 42–48" captionStartId="14.[167,244,1399,1421]" captionTargetBox="[167,1459,164,1379]" captionTargetId="figure-65@14.[166,1465,151,1381]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 42–48. Onthophagus species, aedeagus, lateral. (42) O. bulga sp. nov.; (43) O. longipes Paulian; (44) O. nammuldi Matthews; (45) O. squalidus Lea; (46) O. pexatus, Dairy Park, NSW; (47) O. pexatus, Wombeyan Caves, NSW; (48) O. pexatus, Woolomin, NSW." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228999/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
). In lateral view, parameres elongated but strongly deflexed, each with flat oval tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC505067FC96B5BBFAE7F9BD" blockId="10.[839,1467,1432,1574]" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FC96B5BBFC26FA2B" bold="true" box="[839,922,1432,1456]" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Female</emphasis>
. Head (
<figureCitation id="52D92A6BEC505067FC21B5BBFBFCFA2B" box="[1008,1088,1432,1456]" captionStart="Figures 17–20" captionStartId="9.[121,198,1260,1282]" captionTargetBox="[121,1421,144,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-10@9.[121,1421,144,1244]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 17–20. Onthophagus species, head, male (left), and female (right), fresh specimens. (17, 18) O. longipes Paulian; (19, 20) O. nammuldi Matthews." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13228983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13228983/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Similar to male except transverse clypeal sutural ridge present, strongly elevated in middle, reaching genal sutures or effaced before them (
<specimenCount id="DCE4FD67EC505067FAE5B5F0FA13FA70" box="[1332,1455,1491,1515]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
); clypeus and anterior half of genae shiny, frons dull; protibiae short and straight, with large lateral teeth as male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC505067FC96B61BFBE0F95D" blockId="10.[839,1468,1592,1998]" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FC96B61BFC3BF9CB" bold="true" box="[839,903,1592,1616]" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Notes</emphasis>
. Matthews’ description was based on
<specimenCount id="DCE4FD67EC505067FAFBB61BFA37F9CB" box="[1322,1419,1592,1616]" count="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
and females from one locality. The material examined here conforms to his description except that the male protibiae are elongated relative to the female and the pronotal punctures sometimes slightly closer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA5D36EEEC505066FCB4B6E8FF43F854" blockId="10.[839,1468,1592,1998]" lastBlockId="11.[121,749,1682,1999]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName id="0DE24D6DEC505067FCB4B6E8FBD3F978" box="[869,1135,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nammuldi">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FCB4B6E8FBD3F978" box="[869,1135,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Onthophagus nammuldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rarely collected species, probably because it inhabits rarely sampled coastal forest. The specimens described here were collected in Bangalay Sand Forest, dominated by
<taxonomicName id="0DE24D6DEC505067FBA4B700FAD9F8A0" box="[1141,1381,1827,1851]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="botryoides">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FBA4B700FAD9F8A0" box="[1141,1381,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Eucalyptus botryoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on old sand dune ridges (NSW National Parks &amp; Wildlife Service, 1998). This coastal forest
<typeStatus id="1559884CEC505067FBB6B77DFB29F8ED" box="[1127,1173,1886,1910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">type</typeStatus>
is listed as an endangered community under the NSW Threatened Species Act (NSW Office of Environment &amp; Heritage, 2022).
<taxonomicName id="0DE24D6DEC505067FAF8B7BBFC0CF855" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nammuldi">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC505067FAF8B7BBFC0CF855" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Onthophagus nammuldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from Durras Lake, which has the same forest
<typeStatus id="1559884CEC515066FE81B6B0FEC2F930" box="[336,382,1683,1707]" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">type</typeStatus>
(NSW National Parks &amp; Wildlife Service, 2002). The two other expert identified records (Atlas of Living
<collectingCountry id="B2F5767EEC515066FF0FB6EEFEFEF97E" box="[222,322,1741,1765]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 2022) are from similar sites: Gerroa (the north end of Seven Mile National Park) and “
<quantity id="0D1A9B0BEC515066FDB3B6C9FD24F899" box="[610,664,1770,1794]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="142" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
ESE of Moruya”. The latter was collected by Murray Upton, who owned a property at
<collectingCountry id="B2F5767EEC515066FEB8B706FE09F8A6" box="[361,437,1829,1853]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="0D1A9B0BEC515066FE12B706FE41F8A6" box="[451,509,1829,1853]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="142" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
SE of Moruya, with Bangalay Sand Forest nearby in Eurobodalla National Park (NSW National Parks &amp; Wildlife Service, 2000). There is thus strong evidence that
<taxonomicName id="0DE24D6DEC515066FE45B75EFD9FF80E" box="[404,547,1917,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nammuldi">
<emphasis id="F896EAFCEC515066FE45B75EFD9FF80E" box="[404,547,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">O. nammuldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a coastal forest specialist, strongly associated with the endangered Bangalay Sand Forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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