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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.629.10167" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a29b4f0a-31a6-4006-bc89-4f1f8238cf9d" ID-PMC="PMC5126540" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-629-103" ID-PubMed="27920599" ID-ZBK="FED331EDC3CF493A861B29F6FB8CDAB5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-629-103" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 629" ModsDocTitle="Review of the East Palaearctic and North Oriental Psyttalia Walker, with the description of three new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae)" checkinTime="1478578995669" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wu, Qiong, Achterberg, Cornelis van, Tan, Jiang-Li &amp; Chen, Xue-Xin" docDate="2016" docId="33F3EABC12A94CE78109B95AEDC08EA6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 629: 103-151" docOrigin="ZooKeys 629" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.629.10167" docTitle="Psyttalia carinata s. l." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="111" masterDocId="11468D50F51CFFFBFFE66717FFDCFF83" masterDocTitle="Review of the East Palaearctic and North Oriental Psyttalia Walker, with the description of three new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1668163668695" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Review of the East Palaearctic and North Oriental Psyttalia Walker, with the description of three new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wu, Qiong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Achterberg, Cornelis van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tan, Jiang-Li</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chen, Xue-Xin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>629</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>103</mods:start>
<mods:end>151</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.629.10167</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.629.10167</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-629-103</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">FED331EDC3CF493A861B29F6FB8CDAB5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FED331EDC3CF493A861B29F6FB8CDAB5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127871854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:33F3EABC12A94CE78109B95AEDC08EA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/33F3EABC12A94CE78109B95AEDC08EA6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="107" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="107">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Braconidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName authority="(Thomson, 1895) s. l." class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata (Thomson, 1895) s.l.</taxonomicName>
Figs 1, 2-12
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius carinatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="108" start="start">Opius</pageBreakToken>
carinatus
</taxonomicName>
Thomson, 1895: 2177.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius (Psyttalia) carinatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatus" subGenus="Psyttalia">Opius (Psyttalia) carinatus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="37" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 620" title="HymenopteraBraconidae (Opiinae I). (Palaearktische Region)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
: 335-337;
<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Dal'nauka, Vladivostok" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" pagination="558 - 655" title="Opiinae." volumeTitle="Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera" year="1998">Tobias 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 613.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" pagination="129 - 160" title="A survey of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of Finland, part 2." volume="10" year="1999">Fischer and Koponen 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 144;
<bibRefCitation author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="37" pageNumber="140" pagination="341 - 435" title="Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany." volume="53" year="2003">Belokobylskij et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 396;
<bibRefCitation author="Achterberg, C van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pageId="37" pageNumber="140" title="Fauna Europaea: Braconidae (online checklist of European species excluding Caucasus)" url="http://www.faunaeur.org" year="2004 c">van Achterberg 2004c</bibRefCitation>
: FE on-line database.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius rhagoleticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhagoleticola">Opius rhagoleticola</taxonomicName>
Sachtleben, 1934: 76;
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="37" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 620" title="HymenopteraBraconidae (Opiinae I). (Palaearktische Region)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
: 344-346;
<bibRefCitation author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="37" pageNumber="140" pagination="341 - 435" title="Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany." volume="53" year="2003">Belokobylskij et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 396 (as synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia rhagoleticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhagoleticola">Psyttalia rhagoleticola</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" pagination="129 - 160" title="A survey of Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of Finland, part 2." volume="10" year="1999">Fischer and Koponen 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 144;
<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 16" title="New data on subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from the Russian Far East." volume="83" year="2000">Tobias 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius (Psyttalia) ophthalmicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophthalmicus" subGenus="Psyttalia">Opius (Psyttalia) ophthalmicus</taxonomicName>
Tobias, 1977: 425, 430,
<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Dal'nauka, Vladivostok" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" pagination="558 - 655" title="Opiinae." volumeTitle="Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
: 613;
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="37" pageNumber="140" pagination="85 - 131" title="Deskriptionen und Redeskriptionen von Opiinen (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) aus der palaearktischen Region." volume="86" year="1984">Fischer 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 114-117. Syn. n. (examined).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia ophthalmica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophthalmica">Psyttalia ophthalmica</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Wharton, RA" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="39" pageNumber="142" pagination="1 - 53" title="Generic relationships of opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) parasitic on fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera)." volume="30" year="1997">Wharton 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 23;
<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 16" title="New data on subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from the Russian Far East." volume="83" year="2000">Tobias 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius (Psyttalia) brevitemporalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitemporalis" subGenus="Psyttalia">Opius (Psyttalia) brevitemporalis</taxonomicName>
Tobias, 1998: 613. Syn. n. (examined).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia brevitemporalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitemporalis">Psyttalia brevitemporalis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 16" title="New data on subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from the Russian Far East." volume="83" year="2000">Tobias 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 12.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="108" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
Lectotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius carinatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatus">Opius carinatus</taxonomicName>
here designated, ♀ (ZIL),
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Broa”">&quot;Broa&quot;</normalizedToken>
[= North Gottland, Sweden], 12
<normalizedToken originalValue="–12.vii.[18]50”">-12.vii.[18]50&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1 paralectotype, ♂ (ZIL) with same label data as lectotype; 1 paralectotype, ♂ (ZIL),
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Gott”">&quot;Gott&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;
<taxonomicName lsidName="carinatus" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="carinatus">carinatus</taxonomicName>
m. &quot;, &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius carinatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatus">Opius carinatus</taxonomicName>
Th.&quot;. Paratypes of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius rhagoleticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhagoleticola">Opius rhagoleticola</taxonomicName>
: 3 ♀ (RMNH, ZJUH),
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Cotypus”">&quot;Cotypus&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;[Germany], Naumburg, 1932, aus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhagoletis cerasi" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerasi">Rhagoletis cerasi</taxonomicName>
, Thiem&quot;, &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius rhagoleticolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhagoleticolus">Opius rhagoleticolus</taxonomicName>
Sachtl.&quot; Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius ophthalmicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophthalmicus">Opius ophthalmicus</taxonomicName>
♀ (ZISP), &quot;[Russia:], Primorskij kraj, okr. Ussurskiska, 13.ix.[1]968, Kandybina&quot;, &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhagoletis alternatum" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatum">Rhagoletis alternatum</taxonomicName>
Flln., Kandybina det.&quot;, &quot;Litsinka v plodach zhipovnika
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rosa" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosa</taxonomicName>
&quot;, &quot;Holotypus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius ophthalmicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophthalmicus">Opius ophthalmicus</taxonomicName>
Tobias&quot;; 1 paratype, ♀ (ZISP), same data as holotype. Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius brevitemporalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitemporalis">Opius brevitemporalis</taxonomicName>
, ♀ (ZISP), &quot;[Russia:], Primorskij kraj, Spassk, 21.viii.1987, G. Belokobylskaja&quot;, &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius brevitemporalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitemporalis">Opius brevitemporalis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., det. Tobias
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘95”">'95&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;Holotypus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius brevitemporalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitemporalis">Opius brevitemporalis</taxonomicName>
Tobias&quot;; 1 paratype, ♀ (ZISP), &quot;Primorskij kraj, zap. Kedrovaja Pad, 25.ix.[1]968, Kandybina&quot;, &quot;[ex]
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Myioleja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myioleja sinensis" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">Myioleja sinensis</taxonomicName>
Zia, Kandybina det.&quot;, &quot;[ex]
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Chaetostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetostoma continuans" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continuans">Chaetostoma continuans</taxonomicName>
Zia &amp; Chen&quot;, &quot;Litsinka v plodach shimolosti
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lonicera maackii" order="Dipsacales" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maackii">Lonicera maackii</taxonomicName>
Rupr.&quot;; &quot;Paratypus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius brevitemporalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitemporalis">Opius brevitemporalis</taxonomicName>
Tobias&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
1 ♂ (ZISP), &quot;[Russia], Ilmenskij zapoved, Tseljainskoj obl., 15.vii.[1]959, Tobias&quot; (det. Tobias as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius carinatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinatus">Opius carinatus</taxonomicName>
); 3 ♀ (ZISP), id., but 18.vii.1958. Additional specimens (ZISP) of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
with complete yellowish mesoscutum examined from Gravan, Bijsp, Altajskij kraj, Karagand. Obl., Toshska Obl. (Russia) and Kizhinev (Moldova).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="108" type="comparative diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">Comparative diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
is a widespread Palaearctic species with the head distinctly narrower behind the eyes in dorsal view (eye 2.5-5 times longer than temple) and medium-sized ocelli (Fig. 8). This species is very similar to SW. Palaearctic and Afrotropical
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia concolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">Psyttalia concolor</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
, 1910) as indicated by
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="37" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 620" title="HymenopteraBraconidae (Opiinae I). (Palaearktische Region)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer (1972)</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
differs by having mesosoma dorsally and the first metasomal tergite mainly or entirely black or dark brown (vs brownish or reddish yellow in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia concolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolor">Psyttalia concolor</taxonomicName>
), vein cu-a of fore wing about as long as vein 1-CU1 (vs vein cu-a shorter than 1-CU1) and temple slightly less distinctly narrowed behind eyes (vs more directly narrowed) and by largely different spectrum of hosts belonging to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpomya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carpomya" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carpomya</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Chetostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chetostoma" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chetostoma</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Myoleja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myoleja" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myoleja</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhagoletis" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhagoletis</taxonomicName>
species (vs
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Anastrepha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anastrepha" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anastrepha</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Bactrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bactrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bactrocera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Capparimyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Capparimyia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Capparimyia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpomya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carpomya" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carpomya</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Ceratitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratitis" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ceratitis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Dacus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dacus" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dacus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Euphranta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euphranta" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euphranta</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhagoletis" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhagoletis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Synclera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synclera" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synclera</taxonomicName>
spp.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius brevitemporalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitemporalis">Opius brevitemporalis</taxonomicName>
, ♀, length of body 2.8 mm, of fore wing 3.3 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="5" pageNumber="108">
Head. Antenna with 40 segments, bristly and erect setose and 1.5 times as long as fore wing; third segment 1.2 times as long as fourth segment, length of third, fourth
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="109" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
penultimate segments 2.6, 2.2 and 2.3 times their width, respectively (Figs 6, 10); length of maxillary palp 0.9 times height of head; length of eye in dorsal view 4.2 times temple (Fig. 8); temple in dorsal view shiny, smooth and with sparse setae; OOL: diameter of ocellus: POL = 10:5:6; area behind stemmaticum reclivous and with minute pit (Fig. 8); face coarsely punctate with interspaces wider than diameter of punctures, shiny, with a smooth medio-longitudinal convexity widened ventrally (Fig. 7); frons slightly depressed behind antennal sockets and with some oblique striae; in front of anterior ocellus with slightly convex ridge, shiny, smooth and glabrous but laterally setose and punctulate (Fig. 8); labrum slightly depressed; clypeus transverse, sparsely punctate, convex, and its ventral margin truncate and narrow (Fig. 7); width of clypeus 4.3 times its maximum height and 0.7 times width of face; hypoclypeal depression wide and deep (Figs 7, 11); malar suture wide and shallow, punctate between malar
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="110" start="start">suture</pageBreakToken>
and clypeus; mandible not twisted, apically moderately narrowed and with both teeth wide; mandible normal basally and with narrow ventral carina (Fig. 11); occipital carina remains far removed from hypostomal carina and dorsally largely absent; hypostomal carina narrow ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="110">Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.2 times its height; dorsal pronope minute, round; pronotal side largely smooth, but posterior groove dorsally crenulate (Fig. 3); propleuron slightly convex; epicnemial area smooth dorsally; precoxal sulcus medially medium-sized and only medially distinctly crenulate, absent anteriorly and posteriorly (Fig. 3); remainder of mesopleuron smooth and shiny; pleural sulcus smooth ventrally; mesosternal sulcus moderately deep, narrow and finely crenulate; postpectal carina absent; mesoscutum very shiny and glabrous (Fig. 4); notauli only anteriorly as pair of finely crenulate impressions and absent on disc; scutellar sulcus deep and with 6 short crenulae, parallel-sided medially; scutellum moderately convex and smooth, but apically sparsely punctate and setose (Fig. 4); metanotum with a protruding medio-longitudinal carina anteriorly and very finely crenulate posteriorly; surface of propodeum smooth and shiny except for rugose area near distinct and reversed Y-shaped median carina (Fig. 5), lateral grooves shallow and sparsely crenulate or smooth and anterior groove parallel-sided medially (Fig. 5).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="110">Wings. Fore wing: 1-SR distinctly longer than wide and linear with 1-M (Fig. 2); pterostigma wide triangular (Fig. 2); 1-R1 ending at wing apex and 1.6 times as long as pterostigma (Fig. 2); r linear with 3-SR and medium-sized; r-m not tubular; r:3-SR:SR1 = 5:33:73; 2-SR:3-SR:r-m = 22:33:11; 1-M straight and SR1 curved; m-cu distinctly antefurcal and slightly curved, 2-M+CU1 moderately widened (as apex of M+CU1: Fig. 2) and 0.4 times as long as m-cu; cu-a distinctly postfurcal and 1-CU1 widened; 1-CU1:2-CU1= 5:23; first subdiscal cell closed; CU1b medium-sized; only apex of M+CU1 sclerotized. Hind wing: 1-M of hind wing straight, resulting in subparallel-sided cell apically; M+CU:1-M:1r-m = 5:5:4; cu-a straight; m-cu absent; SR slightly indicated apically.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="110">Legs. Length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 3.4, 8.0 and 4.4 times as long as width, respectively (Fig. 12); hind femur with rather long setae, tarsus and tibia densely setose.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="110">Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.2 times to its apical width, convex medio-posteriorly, its surface strongly and irregularly rugose-punctate (Fig. 5), dorsal carinae strong in its basal half and area below depressed; second suture slightly indicated; basal depressions of second tergite large and tergite 0.9 times as long as third tergite; second and following tergites smooth, shiny and sparsely setose; combined length of second and third metasomal tergites 0.25 times total length of metasoma; length of setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.52 times fore wing, 3.8 times first tergite, 2.4 times hind femur, 1.6 times hind tibia and 1.2 times metasoma; hypopygium about 0.5 times as long as metasoma, distinctly acute apically and about reaching apex of metasoma (Fig. 12).</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="7" pageNumber="110">
Colour. Brownish yellow, but stemmaticum and area behind it, mesoscutum, metanotum, propodeum, first tergite and ovipositor sheath mainly black or blackish brown; antenna (except scapus and apically pedicellus), scutellum, pronotum and meso
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="111" start="start">pleuron</pageBreakToken>
dorsally, second third tergites medially, fourth and fifth tergites (except lateral patch), sixth tergite medially, pterostigma and veins dark brown; remainder of sixth tergite yellowish; palpi, mandible (but teeth dark brown), tegulae and legs pale yellow; fore wing membrane subhyaline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Male. Except for the sexual differences males are (as in other spp.) very similar to females; in general the size is less and more often than in females the metasomal tergites are darkened.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Variation. Length of fore wing 2.9-3.3 mm; antenna of ♀ with 35(1), 38(1), 39(1) and 40(1) segments, of ♂ 39(1); first tergite 1.1-1.2 times as long as its apical width; hind femur 3.4-4.2 times as long as wide; setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.50-0.54 times as long as fore wing, 0.8-1.1 times mesosoma and 1.5-1.7 times hind tibia; middle of mesoscutum black, chestnut brown or brown; area behind stemmaticum and scutellum dark brown to brownish yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
Variation of type series. The holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia ophthalmica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophthalmica">Psyttalia ophthalmica</taxonomicName>
differs from typical
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
by having body partly dark brown and remainder yellowish brown, and scutellum with some setae and punctures posteriorly. These punctures are sometimes also present in typical
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
and both have been reared from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhagoletis alternata" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternata">Rhagoletis alternata</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fallén">Fallen</normalizedToken>
) (rose hip fly;
<taxonomicName family="Tephritidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" rank="family">Tephritidae</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia brevitemporalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitemporalis">Psyttalia brevitemporalis</taxonomicName>
has a similar scutellum (Fig. 4), but has the body largely dark brown dorsally and the holotype has the eye in dorsal view 4.2 (paratype 5.2) times as long as temple (4.2 times in holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia ophthalmica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophthalmica">Psyttalia ophthalmica</taxonomicName>
, up to 3.8 times in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
). According to
<bibRefCitation author="Tobias, VI" editor="Ler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Dal'nauka, Vladivostok" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" pagination="558 - 655" title="Opiinae." volumeTitle="Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera" year="1998">Tobias (1998)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
has the upper half of the mesopleuron granulate and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia rhagoleticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhagoleticola">Psyttalia rhagoleticola</taxonomicName>
has it completely smooth, but clean specimens have always the mesopleuron smooth and shiny dorsally. The length of the temple in dorsal view seems to be variable. The W. Palaearctic specimens have the eye in dorsal view 2.5 times as long as temple (see fig. 267 in
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, M" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="37" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 620" title="HymenopteraBraconidae (Opiinae I). (Palaearktische Region)." volume="91" year="1972">Fischer 1972</bibRefCitation>
) up to 3.8 times. In the East Palaearctic
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia brevitemporalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitemporalis">Psyttalia brevitemporalis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia ophthalmica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophthalmica">Psyttalia ophthalmica</taxonomicName>
it varies between 4.2-5.2 times and because we could not find additional differences (except some variation in colour), we assume the variation is clinal. Therefore, we treat
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
sensu lato in this paper and synonymize both species under
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia carinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">Psyttalia carinata</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="111" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Armenia; Austria; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Finland; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Lithuania; Moldova; Netherlands (new record); Norway (id.); Poland; Russia (including Far East); Sweden; Switzerland; Uzbekistan and former Yugoslavia; introduced into Canada.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="111" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
Endoparasitoid of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhagoletis" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhagoletis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Myoleja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myoleja" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myoleja</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Chetostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chetostoma" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chetostoma</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Carpomya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carpomya" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carpomya</taxonomicName>
species (
<taxonomicName family="Tephritidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" rank="family">Tephritidae</taxonomicName>
) in fruits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="111" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="111">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="111">
In ZJUH there is a similar female from S. China (Yunnan, Simao, 1982, Shiqing Yang, No. 826893) which most likely represents another new species. It has similar small ocelli and smooth frons, but the entirely mesoscutum is yellow, the base of the hind tibia is dark brown, the head is less transverse and vein m-cu of the fore wing is slightly longer than 2-SR+M (as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia majocellata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="majocellata">Psyttalia majocellata</taxonomicName>
sp. n.). Differs from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia majocellata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="majocellata">Psyttalia majocellata</taxonomicName>
sp. n. by the largely dark brown
<normalizedToken originalValue="second–fifth">second-fifth</normalizedToken>
tergites of ♀ (vs yellow in ♀ of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Psyttalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psyttalia majocellata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="majocellata">Psyttalia majocellata</taxonomicName>
), the smaller ocelli, the dark brown middle of the pterostigma of ♀ and the less sculptured frons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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