378 lines
46 KiB
XML
378 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" ID-PMC="PMC4233396" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-449-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" ID-PubMed="25408612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578570" ID-ZooBank="75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-449-1" checkinTime="1451245204622" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gondim, Anne Isabelley, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey & Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia" docDate="2014" docId="599D8BE7337F4CF95064092F6DA401C2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 449: 1-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 449" docPubDate="2014-10-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" docTitle="Linckia guildingi Gray 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668159529239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">anneisabelley@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, CCBS, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratorio de Biologia Marinha, Campus I, Rua Baraunas, 351, Bairro Universitario, CEP 58429 - 500, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-10-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>449</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-449-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578570</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:599D8BE7337F4CF95064092F6DA401C2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/599D8BE7337F4CF95064092F6DA401C2" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName LSID="599D8BE7-337F-4CF9-5064-092F6DA401C2" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia guildingi" order="Velatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Some species of the order Velatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Linckia guildingi (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Detail of the mouth; Narcissia trigonaria (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view, in detail the mouth H Lateral view I Abactinal view of the arm, and J Actinal view of the arm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 10a-e</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Some common starfishes in their natural habitat. A Luidia senegalensis in a sand beach B Astropecten marginatus in a hypersaline mangrove C Oreaster reticulatus in a sand beach D Linckia guildingi on coral reefs E Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus in seagrass beds and F Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus over the muddy bottom of a hypersaline mangrove. Photos: Thelma LP Dias." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">, 12d</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia guildingii" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingii">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">Linckia</pageBreakToken>
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guildingii
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</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1840: 285.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 17.
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 3;
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 4-5, pl. 1, fig. 3;
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Nacional" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="261 - 265" refId="B23" refString="Brito, IM, 1971. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos equinodermas da Ilha da Trindade. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 54: 261 - 265" title="Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos equinodermas da Ilha da Trindade." volume="54" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 262.
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<bibRefCitation author="Lima-Verde, JS" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 13" refId="B72" refString="Lima-Verde, JS, 1969. Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar 9: 9 - 13" title="Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro." volume="9" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 11.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 6" refId="B139" refString="Tommasi, LR, Aron, MA, 1988. Equinodermes da plataforma continental do sudeste do estado da Bahia. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 6" title="Equinodermes da plataforma continental do sudeste do estado da Bahia." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi and Aron 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 3.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B136" refString="Tommasi, LR, Castro,, SM, Sousa, EC, 1988. Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N/Oc. "Almirante Saldanha" no Atlantico Sul Ocidental. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 11" title="Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N / Oc. " Almirante Saldanha " no Atlantico Sul Ocidental." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 6.
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<bibRefCitation author="Fernandes, MLB" journalOrPublisher="Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 427" refId="B41" refString="Fernandes, MLB, Tommasi, LR, Lima, EJB, 2002. Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco Vol. 2: 405 - 427" title="Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco." volume="Vol. 2" year="2002">Fernandes et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 422.
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<bibRefCitation author="Gondim, AI" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="151 - 159" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" refId="B46" refString="Gondim, AI, Lacouth, P, Alonso, C, Manso, CLC, 2008. Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 8: 151 - 159, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" title="Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil." url="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" volume="8" year="2008">Gondim et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 154.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia pacifica" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pacifica">Linckia pacifica</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1840: 285.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophidiaster ornithopus" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ornithopus">Ophidiaster ornithopus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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& Troschel, 1842: 31
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophidiaster ehrenbergi" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">Ophidiaster ehrenbergi</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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& Troschel, 1842: 31
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller & Troschel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia ornithopus" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ornithopus">Linckia ornithopus</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1867: 344.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1871" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia nicobarica" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nicobarica">Linckia nicobarica</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
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, 1872: 265.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia ehrenbergi" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">Linckia ehrenbergi</taxonomicName>
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Loriol, 1885: 31.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia guildingi" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">Linckia guildingi</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1907: 325.
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<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 146" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" refId="B98" refString="Miranda, ALS, Lima, MLF, Sovierzoski, HH, Correia, MD, 2012. Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 135 - 146, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 144.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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:
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.483333">6°29'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.8">34°48'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1235, 04.VI.1981, 30m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.483333">6°29'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.85">34°51'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1244, 05.VI.1981, 22m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.55">6°33'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.85">34°51'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1243, 04.VI.1981, 20m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.016667">7°01'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.5">34°30'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1856, 13.II.1981, 26m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.016667">7°01'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.5">34°30'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 3spec., UFPB/ECH.1238, 13.II.1981, 26m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.0666666">7°04'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.733334">34°44'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1237, 16.II.1981, 16m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="5" value="-7.201389">7°12'5"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.6">34°36'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1241, 01.IV.1981, 26m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.4666667">7°28'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.566666">34°34'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1242, 06.V.1981, 30m;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa, Cabo Branco Beach, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1159, 19.II.2003. 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1160, 04.XI.2006, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1161, 06.X.1979; 3spec., UFPB/ECH.1236, 25.X.2007, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1245, 16.V.2007, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1246, 19.IV.2005; 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1247, 08.IX.2006, 2spec., UFPB/ECH.1248, 25.X.2007, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1250, 03.VII.2004, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1479, 13.XI.2008, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1502, 08.II.2009, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1867, III.2007. Pernambuco: Paulista, Pau Amarelo reef, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1845, 08.XI.1982. Alagoas: Paripueira, Paripueira Beach, 2spec., UFPB/ECH.1851, 01.II.1983;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maceió">Maceio</normalizedToken>
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, Ponta Verde Beach, 1spec., UFSITAB-199, I.2007, 1spec., UFSITAB-200, I.2007; Marechal Deodoro,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Francês">Frances</normalizedToken>
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Beach, 5spec., UFPB/ECH.1855, 29.I.1983, 2spec., UFPB/ECH.1847, 20.XII.1984, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1849, 19.II.1985, 2spec., UFPB/ECH.1857, 19.II.2011. Bahia: Salvador,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Itapoã">Itapoa</normalizedToken>
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Beach, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1848, 21.XII.1984; Itaparica,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pedrão">Pedrao</normalizedToken>
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, 4spec., UFPB/ECH.1853, 18.IX.1982; Itaparica, Barra Grande, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1854, 17.IX.1982; Santa Cruz da
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cabrália">Cabralia</normalizedToken>
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, Ponta da Coroa Vermelha, 5spec., UFPB/ECH.1846, 15.X.1982; Santa Cruz da
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cabrália">Cabralia</normalizedToken>
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, Ponta do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mutá">Muta</normalizedToken>
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reef, 5spec., UFPB/ECH.1850, 16.X.1982; Porto Seguro, Ponta Grande reef, 5spec., UFPB/ECH.1852, 15.X.1982.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="type-locality">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type-locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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Saint Vincent, West Indies (
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
Disk small. From four to six long, thin, cylindrical arms (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Some species of the order Velatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Linckia guildingi (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Detail of the mouth; Narcissia trigonaria (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view, in detail the mouth H Lateral view I Abactinal view of the arm, and J Actinal view of the arm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10a, b</figureCitation>
|
|
). Abactinal and actinal surfaces granuliform. Two or more madreporites. Abactinal figs rounded, inflated, irregularly arranged. Among these figs there are papular areas with 5-23 pores (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Some species of the order Velatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Linckia guildingi (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Detail of the mouth; Narcissia trigonaria (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view, in detail the mouth H Lateral view I Abactinal view of the arm, and J Actinal view of the arm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10c</figureCitation>
|
|
). Papular areas restricted to abactinal surface. Superomarginal and inferomarginal figs similar and uniform in size, separated by a row of papular areas. Actinal figs forming 2-3 series, which extend to the tip of the arms and are covered by granules a little larger than those on abactinal surface. Adambulacral figs with two short, blunt, parallel spines, one being much larger than the other (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Some species of the order Velatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Linckia guildingi (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Detail of the mouth; Narcissia trigonaria (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view, in detail the mouth H Lateral view I Abactinal view of the arm, and J Actinal view of the arm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10d</figureCitation>
|
|
). Behind these there is one wide, thick, blunt, ambulacral spine. Oral spines slightly longer (~0.68 mm) than remaining spines, having their tips rounded (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Some species of the order Velatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Linckia guildingi (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Actinal view of the arm E Detail of the mouth; Narcissia trigonaria (F-J) F Abactinal view G Actinal view, in detail the mouth H Lateral view I Abactinal view of the arm, and J Actinal view of the arm." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10e</figureCitation>
|
|
). Ocular figs also granulose.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Some species of the order
|
|
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="order">Velatida</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(A-H)</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="order">Forcipulatida</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(I-M)</emphasis>
|
|
recorded in northeastern Brazil.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1882" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Calyptraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calyptraster coa" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="coa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Calyptraster coa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(A-H)</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
|
|
Abactinal view, in detail the supradorsal membrane
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
|
|
Actinal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
|
|
Detail of the paxillae with long peduncles
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
|
|
Actinal view of the arm
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
|
|
Detail of the mouth
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F</emphasis>
|
|
Detail of the actinal intermediate area
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
|
|
Abactinal view, in detail oscular valves
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H</emphasis>
|
|
Actinal view;
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Coscinasterias" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coscinasterias tenuispina" order="Forcipuladita" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Coscinasterias tenuispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(I-M)</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">I</emphasis>
|
|
Abactinal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">J</emphasis>
|
|
Actinal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">L</emphasis>
|
|
Abactinal view of the arm, in detail the bivalve pedicallariae (optical microscopic image), and
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral view of the arms, in detail the bivalve pedicellariae (optical microscopic image).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Colour.</emphasis>
|
|
Extremely variable, usually juveniles and adults having different colours (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Juvenile individuals have brown, red or violet spots, while adults are uniformly reddish-brown, yellowish-brown, violet, or olive-green (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B20" refString="Brito, IM, 1960. Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 13" title="Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo." year="1960">Brito 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In the Brazilian material the most common colour observed is brown and yellow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
Tropicopolitan (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarado, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="37 - 55" refId="B4" refString="Alvarado, JJ, Solis-Marin, FA, Ahearn, C, 2008. Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 37 - 55" title="Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano." volume="56" year="2008">Alvarado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It also occurs throghout the tropical Indo-West Pacific. In Brazil: PB, PE, AL, BA, RJ, and SP, including Abrolhos and Trindade Island (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Rathbun, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="139 - 151" refId="B122" refString="Rathbun, R, 1879. A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science 5: 139 - 151" title="A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc." volume="5" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B151" refString="Verrill, AE, 1915. Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa 7: 1 - 232" title="Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893." volume="7" year="1915">Verrill 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bernasconi, I" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="51 - 57" publicationUrl="10.1590/S0373-55241955000100002" refId="B16" refString="Bernasconi, I, 1955. Equinoideos y Asteroideos de la Coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Univerdidad de San Pablo. Primera contribucion. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 6: 51 - 57, DOI: 10.1590/S0373-55241955000100002" title="Equinoideos y Asteroideos de la Coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Univerdidad de San Pablo. Primera contribucion." url="10.1590/S0373-55241955000100002" volume="6" year="1955">Bernasconi 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 13" refId="B20" refString="Brito, IM, 1960. Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 13" title="Asteroides dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Sao Paulo." year="1960">Brito 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Nacional" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="261 - 265" refId="B23" refString="Brito, IM, 1971. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos equinodermas da Ilha da Trindade. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 54: 261 - 265" title="Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos equinodermas da Ilha da Trindade." volume="54" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lima-Verde, JS" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 13" refId="B72" refString="Lima-Verde, JS, 1969. Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar 9: 9 - 13" title="Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro." volume="9" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 6" refId="B139" refString="Tommasi, LR, Aron, MA, 1988. Equinodermes da plataforma continental do sudeste do estado da Bahia. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 6" title="Equinodermes da plataforma continental do sudeste do estado da Bahia." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi and Aron 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandes, MLB" journalOrPublisher="Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 427" refId="B41" refString="Fernandes, MLB, Tommasi, LR, Lima, EJB, 2002. Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco Vol. 2: 405 - 427" title="Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco." volume="Vol. 2" year="2002">Fernandes et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2005
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gondim, AI" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="151 - 159" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" refId="B46" refString="Gondim, AI, Lacouth, P, Alonso, C, Manso, CLC, 2008. Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 8: 151 - 159, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" title="Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil." url="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" volume="8" year="2008">Gondim et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 146" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" refId="B98" refString="Miranda, ALS, Lima, MLF, Sovierzoski, HH, Correia, MD, 2012. Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 135 - 146, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). From 0 to 298 m in depth (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
Two species of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Linckia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are known for the Brazilian coast,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia guildingi" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Linckia guildingi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia nodosa" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Linckia nodosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Perrier, 1875, the latter recorded only for south and southeastern Brazil.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 6" refId="B139" refString="Tommasi, LR, Aron, MA, 1988. Equinodermes da plataforma continental do sudeste do estado da Bahia. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 6" title="Equinodermes da plataforma continental do sudeste do estado da Bahia." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi and Aron (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
cite
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophidiaster guildingi" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ophidiaster guildingi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Gray, 1840 for southeast Bahia, a locality we were not able to confirm.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia guildingi" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Linckia guildingi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia nodosa" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nodosa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Linckia nodosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
for having small triangular abactinal figs, 18-30 pores per papular area, and two subambulacral spines. Juvenile individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia guildingi" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Linckia guildingi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may be confused with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophidiaster guildingi" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ophidiaster guildingi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Gray, 1840, which have the same colour and occupy the same habitat (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophidiaster guildingi" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ophidiaster guildingi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia guildingi" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Linckia guildingi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
for having less than 15 pores per papular area. Although we observed both juvenile and adult individuals, no morphological variations were noted.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="ecological notes">
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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This species lives in environments with consolidated substrates or sand banks among reefs (
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<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). It has cryptic habits, being found mostly under rocks. Possibly
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia guildingi" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Linckia guildingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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uses the film of microorganisms adhered to the substrate as food (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Nacional" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="261 - 265" refId="B23" refString="Brito, IM, 1971. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos equinodermas da Ilha da Trindade. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 54: 261 - 265" title="Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos equinodermas da Ilha da Trindade." volume="54" year="1971">Brito (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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this species is abundant along the northeastern coast of Brazil. However, its populations are becoming reduced, especially in southeastern Brazil. The species is presently included among the species vulnerable to extinction (
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<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linckia guildingi" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="guildingi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Linckia guildingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known for its strong propensity to autotomize and its capacity to regenerate. Specimens with four, six or seven arms are common (
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |