1143 lines
89 KiB
XML
1143 lines
89 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.34486" ID-GBIF-Dataset="001f1eac-0d65-41d9-a634-d4fb65c8989b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159016304" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-373" ID-ZooBank="BC529DE5DF5341EFA803383E08E04721" ModsDocID="1860-0743-2-373" checkinTime="1565091338125" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Boonmekam, Dusit, Krailas, Duangduen, Gimnich, France, Neiber, Marco T. & Glaubrecht, Matthias" docDate="2019" docId="2862B7A0CC0B5EF881AE5E13A796EC9C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 95(2): 373-390" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.34486" docTitle=""Thiara" aspera Lesson 1831" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="381" masterDocId="FF989B379851366FFF9F4769FFC5FE53" masterDocTitle="A glimpse in the dark? A first phylogenetic approach in a widespread freshwater snail from tropical Asia and northern Australia (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae)" masterLastPageNumber="390" masterPageNumber="373" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" updateTime="1643464253325" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A glimpse in the dark? A first phylogenetic approach in a widespread freshwater snail from tropical Asia and northern Australia (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Boonmekam, Dusit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Krailas, Duangduen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gimnich, France</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Neiber, Marco T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Glaubrecht, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>95</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>373</mods:start>
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<mods:end>390</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.34486</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.34486</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-373</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BC529DE5DF5341EFA803383E08E04721</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159016304" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2862B7A0CC0B5EF881AE5E13A796EC9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2862B7A0CC0B5EF881AE5E13A796EC9C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="379" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2862b7a0-cc0b-5ef8-81ae-5e13a796ec9c" authority="Lesson, 1831" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus=""Thiara"" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName=""Thiara" aspera" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Thiara”">"Thiara"</normalizedToken>
|
||
aspera (Lesson, 1831)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Shells of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831). A. Holotype of Melania aspera Lesson, 1831, MNHN 21098, ' La Nouvelle-Guinee' [more specifically Manokwari on New Guinea Island, West Papua, Indonesia, see Glaubrecht and Podlacha 2010]; B. Syntype of Melania rudis Lea & Lea, 1851, USNM 119778, Amboyna; C. Syntype of Melania microstoma Lea & Lea, 1851, USNM 119722, mountain streams, isle of Negros, Philippines; D. ZMB 107002, Calcutta, India; E. ZMB 107003, Ceylon, Sri Lanka; F. ZMB 127534, Don Ko Canal, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; G. ZMB 127535, Don Ko Canal, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; H. ZMB 127535, Don Ko Canal, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; I. ZMB 191279, Yehembang River, Bali, Indonesia; J. ZMB 191279, Yehembang River, Bali, Indonesia; K. ZMB 106472, Yehembang, Bali, Indonesia; L. East of Mendaya, stream southwest of Gumicik, Bali, Indonesia; M. ZMB 191278, stream at Tembeeha, road Tirobus-Kendari, Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia; N. ZMB 107378, Banggai Islands, Peleng Island, West of Peninsula, Tataban river, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia; O. ZMB 107377, Banggai Islands, Peleng Island, West of Peninsula, Tataban river, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. river; P, Q. ZMB 107617, Wabalarr, Roper River, Northern Territory, Australia; R. ZMB 106599, Berry Springs, Northern Territory, Australia. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314776" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Juvenile and embryonic shells of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831), SUT 0311020, Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko. A. Lateral view; B. Apical whorls, lateral, C. Apical view. D. Details of the protoconch. Scale bars: 450 µm (A); 250 µm (B); 200 µm (C); 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314781" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Radulae of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831) from Thailand. A, B. SUT 0312070, Nakhon Pathom province, pond at Silpakorn University campus; A. Central and lateral teeth; B. Marginal teeth; C, D. SUT 0311020, Samut Sakhon province, Klong Don Ko; C. Central and lateral teeth; D. Marginal teeth. E, F: SUT 0311053, Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko; E. Central and lateral teeth; F. Marginal teeth. Scale bars: 35 µm (A, E); 5 µm (B, F); 25 µm (C); 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314782" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">7</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="379" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania aspera" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aspera">Melania aspera</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lesson, 1831 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lesson, RP" journalOrPublisher="Arthus Bertrand, Paris" pageId="11" pageNumber="384" refId="B66" refString="Lesson, RP, 1830-1831. Zoologie du voyage autour du monde, execute par ordre du roi, sur la corvette de sa majeste, La Coquille, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Zoologie. Tome second. 1re partie. . Arthus Bertrand, Paris" title="Zoologie du voyage autour du monde, execute par ordre du roi, sur la corvette de sa majeste, La Coquille, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Zoologie. Tome second. 1 re partie." year="1830 - 1831">Lesson (1830-1831</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 357-358) [type locality: "La
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nouvelle-Guinée”">Nouvelle-Guinee"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(= New Guinea), restricted to Manokwari by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/zoos.201000002" author="Glaubrecht, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="185 - 211" refId="B41" refString="Glaubrecht, M, Podlacha, K, 2010. Freshwater gastropods from early voyages into the Indo-West Pacific: The 'melaniids' (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae) from the French 'La Coquille' circumnavigation, 1822-1825. . Zoosystematics and Evolution 86: 185 - 211" title="Freshwater gastropods from early voyages into the Indo-West Pacific: The ' melaniids' (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae) from the French ' La Coquille' circumnavigation, 1822 - 1825." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/zoos.201000002" volume="86" year="2010">Glaubrecht and Podlacha (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania rudis" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudis">Melania rudis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lea & Lea, 1851: 186 [type locality:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Amboyna’">'Amboyna'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(= Ambon)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania microstoma" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="microstoma">Melania microstoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lea & Lea, 1851: 186 [type locality: mountain streams, isle of Negros, Philippines].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania armillata" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="armillata">Melania armillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lea & Lea, 1851: 195-196 [type locality: India].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania broti" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="broti">Melania broti</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reeve, 1859 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="379" refId="B88">Reeve (1859-1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 22 fig. 160) [type locality: Ceylon (= Sri Lanka)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania hybrida" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hybrida">Melania hybrida</taxonomicName>
|
||
Reeve, 1859 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="379" refId="B88">Reeve (1859-1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 13 fig. 163) [type locality: not given].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania chocolatum" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chocolatum">Melania chocolatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Brot, 1860: 256-257, pl. 16, fig 2 [type locality:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ceylon”">"Ceylon"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(= Sri Lanka)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania (Tiaropsis) rudis var. spinosa" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="rudis" subGenus="Tiaropsis" variety="spinosa">Melania (Tiaropsis) rudis var. spinosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Brot, 1877 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124284" author="Brot, A" journalOrPublisher="Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="1 - 488" refId="B10" refString="Brot, A, 1874-1879. Die Melaniaceen (Melanidae) in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. . Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1: 1 - 488" title="Die Melaniaceen (Melanidae) in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124284" volume="1" year="1874 - 1879">Brot (1874-1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 306) [type locality: not given, see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11249" author="Brot, A" journalOrPublisher="Georg, Geneve" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" refId="B8" refString="Brot, A, 1868. Materiaux pour servir a l'etude de la famille des melaniens. Additions et corrections au catalogue systematique des especes qui composent la famille des melaniens. . Georg, Geneve" title="Materiaux pour servir a l'etude de la famille des melaniens. Additions et corrections au catalogue systematique des especes qui composent la famille des melaniens." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11249" year="1868">Brot (1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 33, pl. 1, fig. 7)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania (Tiaropsis) drilliiformis" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="drilliiformis" subGenus="Tiaropsis">Melania (Tiaropsis) drilliiformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Martens, 1897: 305 [nomen nudum].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania fortitudinis" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fortitudinis">Melania fortitudinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fulton, 1904: 51-52, pl. 4, fig. 3 [type locality: "Soekaboemi, Java" (= Sukabumi, Java)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania rudis var. cylindrica" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="rudis" variety="cylindrica">Melania rudis var. cylindrica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schepman, 1915: 27 [type locality: West Ceram, Kairatu (= West Seram Island, Kairatu)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="379" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Thiarid with a turreted, subcylindrical to elongate-ovoid, strongly ornamented high-spired shell with usually rather flattened whorls and a narrowly pyriform aperture that at most reaches half the total shell height, but usually less. Ornamentation of the shell consisting of sinuous axial ribs that usually reach to the base of the body whorl and spiral chords that form nodes where they intersect the ribs; spiral chords usually present on the entire whorl but strongest at the base of body whorl.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="379" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
The examined type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. aspera" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. rudis" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="rudis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. rudis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. microstoma" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="microstoma">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. microstoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
correspond well to each other in overall shell shape and sculpture and are here regarded as conspecific because of this. As already noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124284" author="Brot, A" journalOrPublisher="Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="1 - 488" refId="B10" refString="Brot, A, 1874-1879. Die Melaniaceen (Melanidae) in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. . Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1: 1 - 488" title="Die Melaniaceen (Melanidae) in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124284" volume="1" year="1874 - 1879">Brot (1874-1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 307) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/zoos.201000002" author="Glaubrecht, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="185 - 211" refId="B41" refString="Glaubrecht, M, Podlacha, K, 2010. Freshwater gastropods from early voyages into the Indo-West Pacific: The 'melaniids' (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae) from the French 'La Coquille' circumnavigation, 1822-1825. . Zoosystematics and Evolution 86: 185 - 211" title="Freshwater gastropods from early voyages into the Indo-West Pacific: The ' melaniids' (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae) from the French ' La Coquille' circumnavigation, 1822 - 1825." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/zoos.201000002" volume="86" year="2010">Glaubrecht and Podlacha (2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 200), the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania aspera" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Melania aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lesson, 1830 has priority over the somewhat more frequently used name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania rudis" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Melania rudis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" pagination="83 - 180" refId="B109" refString="van Benthem Jutting, T, 1937. Non marine mollusca from fossil horizons in Java with special reference to the Trinil fauna. . Zoologische Mededelingen 20: 83 - 180" title="Non marine mollusca from fossil horizons in Java with special reference to the Trinil fauna." volume="20" year="1937">van Benthem Jutting 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, WSS" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" pagination="259 - 493" refId="B110" refString="van Benthem Jutting, WSS, 1956. Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. . Treubia 23: 259 - 493" title="Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago." volume="23" year="1956">1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Subba Rao, NV" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" refId="B104" refString="Subba Rao, NV, 1989. Handbook freshwater Mollusca of India. . Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="Handbook freshwater Mollusca of India." year="1989">Subba Rao 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ramakrishna," journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" refId="B87" refString="Ramakrishna, , Dey, A, 2007. Handbook on Indian freshwater Mollusca. . Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata" title="Handbook on Indian freshwater Mollusca." year="2007">Ramakrishna and Dey 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T173192A6972621.en" author="Budha, PB" journalOrPublisher="Taylor & Francis, London & Bristol" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" refId="B13" refString="Budha, PB, 2010. . https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T173192A6972621.en" url="https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T173192A6972621.en" year="2010">Budha 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="379" refId="B83">Patil and Talmale 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T. rudis" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="rudis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">T. rudis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania aspera" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Melania aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unusual in possessing a very small aperture in relation to overall shell height, possibly explaining its isolated position in the PCA 1 vs PCA 2 scatter plot (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Results of the analysis of biometric data of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831) specimens from Australia (yellow), Indonesia (green), Thailand (red) and India / Sri Lanka (blue) and type material of Melania aspera Lesson, 1831 (holotype, triangle), Melania rudis Lea & Lea, 1851 (syntype, square) and Melania microstoma Lea & Lea, 1851 (syntype, diamond). A. Scatter plot of the first two axes of the principal component analysis (PCA) of biometric data. Coloured lines indicate the outline of the convex hull for each geographic group; B, C. Boxplots of PCA 1 (B) and PCA 2 (C); bars above the box plots indicate significant differences of groups resulting from testing with Dunn's test." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314779" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The nominal taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. armillata" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="armillata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. armillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. broti" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="broti">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. broti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. chocolatum" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="chocolatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. chocolatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from India or Sri Lanka were regarded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124284" author="Brot, A" journalOrPublisher="Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="1 - 488" refId="B10" refString="Brot, A, 1874-1879. Die Melaniaceen (Melanidae) in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. . Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1: 1 - 488" title="Die Melaniaceen (Melanidae) in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124284" volume="1" year="1874 - 1879">Brot (1874-1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. rudis" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="rudis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. rudis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are here tentatively synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. aspera" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, largely following the views of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rensch, B" journalOrPublisher="Abteilung fuer Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" pagination="389 - 422" refId="B90" refString="Rensch, B, 1934. Die Molluskenfauna der Kleinen Sunda-Inseln Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores und Sumba III. Zoologische Jahrbuecher. . Abteilung fuer Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 65: 389 - 422" title="Die Molluskenfauna der Kleinen Sunda-Inseln Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores und Sumba III. Zoologische Jahrbuecher." volume="65" year="1934">Rensch (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, T" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" pagination="83 - 180" refId="B109" refString="van Benthem Jutting, T, 1937. Non marine mollusca from fossil horizons in Java with special reference to the Trinil fauna. . Zoologische Mededelingen 20: 83 - 180" title="Non marine mollusca from fossil horizons in Java with special reference to the Trinil fauna." volume="20" year="1937">van Benthem Jutting (1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, WSS" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" pagination="259 - 493" refId="B110" refString="van Benthem Jutting, WSS, 1956. Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. . Treubia 23: 259 - 493" title="Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago." volume="23" year="1956">1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) who synonymised these taxa with
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. rudis" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="rudis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. rudis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124284" author="Brot, A" journalOrPublisher="Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" pagination="1 - 488" refId="B10" refString="Brot, A, 1874-1879. Die Melaniaceen (Melanidae) in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. . Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1: 1 - 488" title="Die Melaniaceen (Melanidae) in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124284" volume="1" year="1874 - 1879">Brot (1874-1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 307-308)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania hybrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hybrida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Melania hybrida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on a teratological specimen with an unusual aperture formation and is here tentatively synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. aspera" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The nominal taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania (Tiaropsis) rudis var. spinosa" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="rudis" subGenus="Tiaropsis" variety="spinosa">Melania (Tiaropsis) rudis var. spinosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Brot, 1877 is an individual variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. aspera" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with somewhat longer shoulder spines. The original figures and descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania fortitudinis" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fortitudinis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Melania fortitudinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." infraspecific-rank="var." lsidName="M. (Tiaropsis) rudis var. cylindrica" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="variety" species="rudis" subGenus="Tiaropsis" variety="cylindrica">M. (Tiaropsis) rudis var. cylindrica</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Java and West Seram Island also correspond well with the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M. aspera" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">M. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are herein treated as synonyms of the former.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="379" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Type material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania aspera" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Melania aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lesson, 1831, MNHN 21098, "La
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nouvelle-Guinée”">Nouvelle-Guinee"</normalizedToken>
|
||
; syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania rudis" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rudis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Melania rudis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lea & Lea, 1851, USNM 119778,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Amboyna”">"Amboyna"</normalizedToken>
|
||
; syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania microstoma" pageId="6" pageNumber="379" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="microstoma">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Melania microstoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lea & Lea, 1851, USNM 119722, 'mountain streams, isle of Negros,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Philippines’">Philippines'</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="379" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Additional material examined</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="379">
|
||
(w: ethanol preserved samples).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">India</emphasis>
|
||
: Kolkata, ZMB 107002.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Sri Lanka</emphasis>
|
||
: Colombo, ZMB 107003.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Thailand</emphasis>
|
||
: Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko, SUT 0311020, ZMB 127535, SUT 0311044, SUT 0311053, ZMB 127534, w; Nakhon Pathom province, Pond in Silpakorn University campus, SUT 0312069, SUT 0312070 = ZMB 127536, w.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Indonesia</emphasis>
|
||
: Bali: South Bali, Yehembang River, ZMB 191279, ZMB 191279a, w, South Bali, at Yehembang, ZMB 106472, w; east of Mendaya, stream southwest of Gumicik, ZMB 191488; Sulawesi: South Sulawesi, Kalena catchment, Angkona river, ZMB 192751, w; southeast Sulawesi, Pohara river, at Pohara, road Kendair to Kolaka, ZMB 191261, w; southeast Sulawesi, Simbune river, 1 km northeast of Raterate, road Kendari to Kolaka, ZMB 191262, ZMB 191262a, w; southeast Sulawesi, stream at Tembeeha, road Tirobus to Kendari, ZMB 191278, w; central Sulawesi, Banggai Islands, Peleng Island, West Peninsula, Tataban river, ZMB 107378, w, ZMB 107377,w.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="379">Australia</emphasis>
|
||
: Northern Territory: Berry Springs, ZMB 106704, w, ZMB 106599a, w, ZMB 127616, w; Wabalaar, Roper River, ZMB 107617, w, ZMB 107614, w, ZMB 127645, w; Salt creek, ZMB 127619, w, ZMB 127636, w, ZMB 127637, w; Roper Bar, ZMB 127620, w; Queensland:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shanassy">O'Shanassy</normalizedToken>
|
||
, ZMB 107280.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="380" type="shell">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="380" start="start">Shell</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
Turreted, subcylindrical to elongate-ovoid, corneous to dark brown, with up to nine whorls (the early whorls usually eroded) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Shells of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831). A. Holotype of Melania aspera Lesson, 1831, MNHN 21098, ' La Nouvelle-Guinee' [more specifically Manokwari on New Guinea Island, West Papua, Indonesia, see Glaubrecht and Podlacha 2010]; B. Syntype of Melania rudis Lea & Lea, 1851, USNM 119778, Amboyna; C. Syntype of Melania microstoma Lea & Lea, 1851, USNM 119722, mountain streams, isle of Negros, Philippines; D. ZMB 107002, Calcutta, India; E. ZMB 107003, Ceylon, Sri Lanka; F. ZMB 127534, Don Ko Canal, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; G. ZMB 127535, Don Ko Canal, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; H. ZMB 127535, Don Ko Canal, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; I. ZMB 191279, Yehembang River, Bali, Indonesia; J. ZMB 191279, Yehembang River, Bali, Indonesia; K. ZMB 106472, Yehembang, Bali, Indonesia; L. East of Mendaya, stream southwest of Gumicik, Bali, Indonesia; M. ZMB 191278, stream at Tembeeha, road Tirobus-Kendari, Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia; N. ZMB 107378, Banggai Islands, Peleng Island, West of Peninsula, Tataban river, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia; O. ZMB 107377, Banggai Islands, Peleng Island, West of Peninsula, Tataban river, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. river; P, Q. ZMB 107617, Wabalarr, Roper River, Northern Territory, Australia; R. ZMB 106599, Berry Springs, Northern Territory, Australia. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314776" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
; for juvenile shells, see
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Juvenile and embryonic shells of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831), SUT 0311020, Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko. A. Lateral view; B. Apical whorls, lateral, C. Apical view. D. Details of the protoconch. Scale bars: 450 µm (A); 250 µm (B); 200 µm (C); 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314781" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Whorls rather flat to convex, separated by a slightly impressed to distinctly impressed, undulating suture. Whorls slightly constricted below the suture, ornamented with sinuous ribs and spiral chords that usually form nodules at their intersections. Radial sculpture usually strongest on the upper half of the whorls, with the nodules at the shoulder of the whorls usually largest, sometimes forming spines. Towards the lower part of the body whorl the spiral sculpture often becomes the dominant sculptural element, forming distinct parallel chords. Aperture pyriform, angled in its upper part and rather narrow, wider at the base and appearing truncated in frontal view. Columella thickened, almost straight to curved, abruptly terminating basally. Shell size H = 7.6-48.0 mm, W = 3.1-22.0 mm (Table 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314781" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
Figure 6. Juvenile and embryonic shells of "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Thiara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiara" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Thiara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cerithioidea" lsidName="Cerithioidea aspera" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lesson, 1831), SUT 0311020, Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Apical whorls, lateral,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Apical view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of the protoconch. Scale bars: 450
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 250
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">C</emphasis>
|
||
); 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="8C2AF70FB2C7E836DD8E011A62E6DC05" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8C2AF70FB2C7E836DD8E011A62E6DC05" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
Table 2. Shell parameters of "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Thiara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiara" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Thiara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cerithioidea" lsidName="Cerithioidea aspera" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lesson, 1831) specimens from Thailand, Indonesia and Australia, with min./max. values, mean, standard deviation (SD), and number of whorls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">Voucher</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">Country, region</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">n</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Measurements (mm)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">NW</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">H</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">W</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">AL</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">AW</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">BW</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">USNM 119778</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Ambon Island</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">23.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">15.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">USNM 119722</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Philippines, Negros Island</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">20.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">12.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">MNHN 21098</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Indonesia, West Papua</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">25.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">12.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">GSUBg 14265</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Java</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">48.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">22.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">22.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">10.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">28.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">ZMB 107002</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">India, Calcutta</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">17.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">12.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">ZMB 107003</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Sri Lanka, Colombo</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">13.3-16.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.3-6.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.3-5.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.3-2.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.0-11.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4-5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">14.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">SUT 0311053</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Thailand, Samut Sakhon</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">30</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.6-12.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.1-5.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.8-6.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.6-3.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.4-7.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4-7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">SUT 0311020</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Thailand, Samut Sakhon</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">52</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">14.1-24.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.1-11.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.0-11.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.2-5.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.7-16.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6-7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">17.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">8.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">8.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">12.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SUT 0311044</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Thailand, Samut Sakhon</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">22.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">10.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">10.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">15.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">SUT 0312070</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Thailand, Nakhon Pathom</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">12</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">14.4-19.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.3-7.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.7-6.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.4-4.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.6-12.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5-8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">17.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">ZMB 191488</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Indonesia, Bali</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">19.8-22.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">8.3-9.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">8.0-8.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.1-4.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">12.8-14.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">20.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">8.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">8.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">13.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">ZMB 191278</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Indonesia, Sulawesi</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">14.3-18.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.2-7.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.1-8.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.1-3.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.3-12.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4-5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">16.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">10.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">ZMB 107377</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Indonesia, Sulawesi</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">13.6-20.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.5-7.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.5-7.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.7-4.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.7-11.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4-5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">16.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">ZMB 107378</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Indonesia, Sulawesi</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">19</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">12.9-19.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.2-7.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.1-7.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.6-3.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.7-11.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4-5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">16.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">ZMB 191279</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Indonesia, Bali</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">17</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">16.8-27.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.0-9.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.9-12.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.3-5.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">11.0-17.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4-6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">22.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">8.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">14.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">ZMB 106472</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Indonesia, Bali</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">16</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">17.9-22.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.4-9.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.0-10.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.1-5.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">11.4-16.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4-7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">20.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">7.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">8.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">12.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">ZMB 127538</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Indonesia, Bali</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">20</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">18.4-30.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">8.6-13.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">9.3-14.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.4-7.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">12.8-20.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4-6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">24.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">11.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">11.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">16.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">3.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">ZMB 191268</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">Indonesia, Sulawesi</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="3">5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">29.3-41.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">11.5-16.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">12.1-18.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.7-8.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">12.3-26.8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4-6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">35.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">13.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">15.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">6.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">20.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">SD</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">4.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">2.5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">5.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="380" type="operculum">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Operculum.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">The operculum is typical for thiarids, oval and paucispiral, light to dark brown, and with the nucleus being excentric in the lower left corner.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="380" type="juvenile shell">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Juvenile shell.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
The shells of the juveniles in the brood pouch had up to five whorls, with a maximum height of about 2.5 mm. The protoconch is smooth, with the radial and spiral sculpture developing on the first teleoconch whorls (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Juvenile and embryonic shells of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831), SUT 0311020, Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko. A. Lateral view; B. Apical whorls, lateral, C. Apical view. D. Details of the protoconch. Scale bars: 450 µm (A); 250 µm (B); 200 µm (C); 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314781" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). For measurements of the embryonic shell, see Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="0C673230DDD8A73E156C51ED25920575" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0C673230DDD8A73E156C51ED25920575" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
Table 3. Measurements of parameters of the juvenile protoconch of "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Thiara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiara" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Thiara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cerithioidea" lsidName="Cerithioidea aspera" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lesson, 1831) of specimens obtained from the brood pouch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">Voucher</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">Country, region</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">n</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">-</th>
|
||
<th colspan="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Measurements (μm)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">he</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">we</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">de</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">ZMB 127534</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">Thailand, Samut Sakhon</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">48.0-63.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">96.0-120.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">312.7-395.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">54.0</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">106.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">352.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">ZMB 127535</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">Thailand, Samut Sakhon</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">56.3-71.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">107.0-114.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">354.3-366.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">63.9</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">110.7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">352.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">ZMB 191278</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">Indonesia, Sulawesi</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="2">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Range</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">34.0-72.4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">76.0-91.1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">202.0-252.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Mean</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">53.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">84.6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">227.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">ZMB 191488</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Bali</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">83.3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">95.2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" rowspan="1">259.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="7" pageNumber="380" type="radula">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Radula.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">
|
||
Taenioglossate (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Radulae of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831) from Thailand. A, B. SUT 0312070, Nakhon Pathom province, pond at Silpakorn University campus; A. Central and lateral teeth; B. Marginal teeth; C, D. SUT 0311020, Samut Sakhon province, Klong Don Ko; C. Central and lateral teeth; D. Marginal teeth. E, F: SUT 0311053, Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko; E. Central and lateral teeth; F. Marginal teeth. Scale bars: 35 µm (A, E); 5 µm (B, F); 25 µm (C); 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314782" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), resembling other thiarids. As in all thiarids the central tooth or rachidian is significantly wider than tall; all specimens have a central cusp flanked by three to six triangular denticles on both sides, resulting in up to 12 denticles and a typically 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–5/1/4–">-5/1/4-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5 pattern at the upper cutting edge (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Radulae of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831) from Thailand. A, B. SUT 0312070, Nakhon Pathom province, pond at Silpakorn University campus; A. Central and lateral teeth; B. Marginal teeth; C, D. SUT 0311020, Samut Sakhon province, Klong Don Ko; C. Central and lateral teeth; D. Marginal teeth. E, F: SUT 0311053, Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko; E. Central and lateral teeth; F. Marginal teeth. Scale bars: 35 µm (A, E); 5 µm (B, F); 25 µm (C); 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314782" pageId="7" pageNumber="380">Fig. 7A, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
, Table 4). The laterals are equipped with three to six
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="381" start="start">smaller</pageBreakToken>
|
||
denticles on the inner side, and three to six denticles outside from the large main cusps (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Radulae of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831) from Thailand. A, B. SUT 0312070, Nakhon Pathom province, pond at Silpakorn University campus; A. Central and lateral teeth; B. Marginal teeth; C, D. SUT 0311020, Samut Sakhon province, Klong Don Ko; C. Central and lateral teeth; D. Marginal teeth. E, F: SUT 0311053, Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko; E. Central and lateral teeth; F. Marginal teeth. Scale bars: 35 µm (A, E); 5 µm (B, F); 25 µm (C); 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314782" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Fig. 7A, C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
, Table 4). The marginal teeth are moderately long, spoon-shaped, with a varying number of 6-10 denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Radulae of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831) from Thailand. A, B. SUT 0312070, Nakhon Pathom province, pond at Silpakorn University campus; A. Central and lateral teeth; B. Marginal teeth; C, D. SUT 0311020, Samut Sakhon province, Klong Don Ko; C. Central and lateral teeth; D. Marginal teeth. E, F: SUT 0311053, Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko; E. Central and lateral teeth; F. Marginal teeth. Scale bars: 35 µm (A, E); 5 µm (B, F); 25 µm (C); 10 µm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314782" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Fig. 7B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
, Table 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314782" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
Figure 7. Radulae of "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Thiara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiara" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Thiara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cerithioidea" lsidName="Cerithioidea aspera" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lesson, 1831) from Thailand.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">A, B.</emphasis>
|
||
SUT 0312070, Nakhon Pathom province, pond at Silpakorn University campus;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Central and lateral teeth;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Marginal teeth;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">C, D.</emphasis>
|
||
SUT 0311020, Samut Sakhon province, Klong Don Ko;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Central and lateral teeth;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Marginal teeth.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
: SUT 0311053, Samut Sakhon Province, Klong Don Ko;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Central and lateral teeth;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Marginal teeth. Scale bars: 35
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">A, E</emphasis>
|
||
); 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">B, F</emphasis>
|
||
); 25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">C</emphasis>
|
||
); 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="8C2B2BA7525B18302C634588BA578B45" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8C2B2BA7525B18302C634588BA578B45" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
Table 4. Variation of cusps on the radula teeth of "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Thiara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiara" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Thiara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cerithioidea" lsidName="Cerithioidea aspera" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lesson, 1831) specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<table pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Voucher</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Country, region</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">n</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Marginal teeth</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Lateral teeth (left)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Lateral teeth (right)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Rachidian</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">SUT 0311053</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Thailand, Samut Sakhon</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">6-8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">
|
||
4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–5-1-4–">-5-1-4-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">SUT 0311020</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Thailand, Samut Sakhon</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">6-8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">
|
||
4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–5-1-4–">-5-1-4-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">SUT 0312070</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Thailand, Nakhon Pathom</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">7-8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">5-1-5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">4-1-4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">4-1-4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">SUT 0312069</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Thailand, Nakhon Pathom</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">9-10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">ZMB 191278</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Sulawesi</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">7-8</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">4-1-4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">ZMB 191488</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Bali</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">6-1-6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">6-1-6</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">6-1-5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">ZMB 191279</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Bali</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">6-7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">4-1-4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">4-1-4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">
|
||
4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–5-1-4–">-5-1-4-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">ZMB 106472</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Bali</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">6-7</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">3-1-3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rowspan="1">4-1-4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="381" type="reproductive strategy">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Reproductive strategy.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
The results of the analysis of brood pouch content are summarised in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution and reproductive strategy of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831). Stars: type localities of a) Melania aspera Lesson, 1831, Monokwari, New Guinea, b) Melania rudis Lea & Lea, 1851, Amboyna and c) Melania microstoma Lea & Lea, 1851, mountain streams, isle of Negros, Philippines. Pie charts show the percentages of offspring in the brood pouch of female T. aspera in different size classes as defined in Glaubrecht et al. (2009), see inset. The numbers near the pie charts refer to the number of individuals examined per population. Filled circles: material preserved in ethanol; open circles: dry shells." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314777" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
. Juveniles of up to 2 mm (rarely also larger) were found in the populations from Thailand, Indonesia (Bali and Sulawesi) and Australia (Northern Territory) suggesting an euviviparous reproductive strategy for "
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="T." lsidName="T." pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">T.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cerithioidea" lsidName="Cerithioidea aspera" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e, the taxon was found to give birth to crawling and shelled juveniles in accordance with the definitions in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/zoos.200900004" author="Glaubrecht, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="383" pagination="199 - 275" refId="B37" refString="Glaubrecht, M, Brinkmann, N, Poeppe, J, 2009. Diversity and disparity 'down under': Systematics, biogeography and reproductive modes of the 'marsupial' freshwater Thiaridae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea) in Australia. . Zoosystematics and Evolution 85: 199 - 275" title="Diversity and disparity ' down under': Systematics, biogeography and reproductive modes of the ' marsupial' freshwater Thiaridae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea) in Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/zoos.200900004" volume="85" year="2009">Glaubrecht et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In a few populations in Thailand and on Bali, gravid females with only early embryos, i.e., veliger larvae in the brood pouch were found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="381" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="381">
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Thiaridae" genus="Thiara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiara" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Thiara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cerithioidea" lsidName="Cerithioidea aspera" pageId="8" pageNumber="381" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as here understood is a widespread species, with records from Sri Lanka and India (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Subba Rao, NV" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" refId="B104" refString="Subba Rao, NV, 1989. Handbook freshwater Mollusca of India. . Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" title="Handbook freshwater Mollusca of India." year="1989">Subba Rao 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Myanmar and Cambodia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, WSS" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" pagination="259 - 493" refId="B110" refString="van Benthem Jutting, WSS, 1956. Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. . Treubia 23: 259 - 493" title="Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago." volume="23" year="1956">van Benthem Jutting 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Indonesia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rensch, B" journalOrPublisher="Abteilung fuer Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" pagination="389 - 422" refId="B90" refString="Rensch, B, 1934. Die Molluskenfauna der Kleinen Sunda-Inseln Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores und Sumba III. Zoologische Jahrbuecher. . Abteilung fuer Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 65: 389 - 422" title="Die Molluskenfauna der Kleinen Sunda-Inseln Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores und Sumba III. Zoologische Jahrbuecher." volume="65" year="1934">Rensch 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, WSS" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" pagination="259 - 493" refId="B110" refString="van Benthem Jutting, WSS, 1956. Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. . Treubia 23: 259 - 493" title="Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago." volume="23" year="1956">van Benthem Jutting 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the Philippines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lea, I" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="11" pageNumber="384" pagination="179 - 197" refId="B65" refString="Lea, I, Lea, HC, 1851. Description of a new genus of the family Melaniana, and of many new species of the genus Melania, chiefly collected by Hugh Cuming, Esq., during his zoological voyage in the East, and now first described. . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 18: 179 - 197" title="Description of a new genus of the family Melaniana, and of many new species of the genus Melania, chiefly collected by Hugh Cuming, Esq., during his zoological voyage in the East, and now first described." volume="18" year="1851">Lea and Lea 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van Benthem Jutting, WSS" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="12" pageNumber="385" pagination="259 - 493" refId="B110" refString="van Benthem Jutting, WSS, 1956. Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. . Treubia 23: 259 - 493" title="Systematic studies on the non-marine Mollusca of the Indo-Australian Archipelago." volume="23" year="1956">van Benthem Jutting 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As our results indicate, the taxon is also present in Thailand and northern Australia, from where it was not previously reported (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution and reproductive strategy of " Thiara " aspera (Lesson, 1831). Stars: type localities of a) Melania aspera Lesson, 1831, Monokwari, New Guinea, b) Melania rudis Lea & Lea, 1851, Amboyna and c) Melania microstoma Lea & Lea, 1851, mountain streams, isle of Negros, Philippines. Pie charts show the percentages of offspring in the brood pouch of female T. aspera in different size classes as defined in Glaubrecht et al. (2009), see inset. The numbers near the pie charts refer to the number of individuals examined per population. Filled circles: material preserved in ethanol; open circles: dry shells." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.34486.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/314777" pageId="8" pageNumber="381">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |