561 lines
71 KiB
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561 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="8B917559C62E485E2DA28959F489C825" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2004.61.1" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10665495" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1708004431046" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="O’Loughlin, P. Mark & Waters, Jonathan M." docDate="2004" docId="185387DDFFA8FFA5FF0EE5AAFA6D4B3D" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.61.1.1-40.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61 (1)" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-61-issue-1-2004/pages-1-40/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Disasterina , Perrier 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="E46AFFA5FFBAFFB6FF85E377FFC94846" masterDocTitle="A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1711393779558" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="669BB0351AF05CD103363D4459270828">A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1D9381A7B360D995CBAEFCE6D044675">O’Loughlin, P. Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F6FA319D7A8B25F9598174305AED9333">Honorary Associate, Marine Biology Section, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666 E, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D1DCB46A1D3706CA172A0DFF2A9AA669" type="email">pmo@bigpond.net.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="34EA8333714CBF9B3F384DEADDA11EEA">Waters, Jonathan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7A2167F461AE261792E9E20B1878E6C2">Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CAA6E806A4079665B82441F000F72416" type="email">jonathan.waters@stonebow.otago.ac.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="BC5A8FDC8772307AE17C9CD2F839A38D">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0745DBDA9A7ACB7D3800221DE27EF39F">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="185387DDFFA8FFA5FF0EE5AAFA6D4B3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:185387DDFFA8FFA5FF0EE5AAFA6D4B3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/185387DDFFA8FFA5FF0EE5AAFA6D4B3D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA8FFA4FF0EE5AAFE864EB5" box="[139,335,1757,1779]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FF0EE5AAFE864EB5" blockId="18.[139,335,1757,1779]" box="[139,335,1757,1779]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="CB0D81A7FFA8FFA4FF0EE5AAFE864EB5" box="[139,335,1757,1779]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FF0EE5AAFE864EB5" ID-CoL="7NX4G" authority="Perrier" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[139,335,1757,1779]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FF0EE5AAFECA4EB5" bold="true" box="[139,259,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Disasterina</emphasis>
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Perrier
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA8FFA4FF0EE47DFE654F66" box="[139,428,1802,1824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FF0EE47DFE654F66" blockId="18.[139,428,1802,1824]" box="[139,428,1802,1824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFA8FFA4FF0EE47DFF334F66" box="[139,250,1802,1824]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[131,190,1653,1673]" captionTargetBox="[131,1452,222,1628]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Abactinal views of type species of Asterinidae genera. a, Anseropoda placenta (R = 31 mm, AM J10714). b, Aquilonastra cepheus (R = 12 mm, AM J8072). c, Asterina gibbosa (R = 16 mm, AM G11524). d, Asterinides folium (R = 19 mm, USNM E28573). e, Callopatiria granifera (R = 50 mm, NMV F98049). f, Cryptasterina pentagona (R = 11 mm, NMV F95959). g, Disasterina abnormalis (R = 22 mm, WAM Z6754). h, Indianastra sarasini (R = 20 mm, NMV F95802). i, Meridiastra atyphoida (R = 12 mm, AM J9909). j, Nepanthia maculata (R = 73 mm, AM J13918). k, Paranepanthia platydisca (R = 57 mm, holotype, USNM 32644). l, Parvulastra exigua (R = 11 mm, neotype, TM H508)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665499/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Figures
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<quantity id="57029B2EFFA8FFA4FF5BE47DFF334F66" box="[222,250,1802,1824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="g" value="2.0">2g</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFA8FFA4FE80E47DFED54F66" box="[261,284,1802,1824]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[139,198,935,955]" captionTargetBox="[139,1460,221,916]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Forms of spinelets and spines. a, Meridiastra gunnii (NMV F73248): granuliform abactinal spinelets. b, Parvulastra dyscrita (TM H854): globose abactinal spinelets. c, Paranepanthia grandis (NMV F73976): acicular abactinal spinelets. d, Pseudonepanthia gotoi (USNM 36899): splay-pointed abactinal spinelets. e, Parvulastra dyscrita (TM H854): digitiform actinal spines. f, Disasterina longispina (WAM Z6760): sacciform actinal spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665509/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFA8FFA4FEA2E47DFEAA4F66" box="[295,355,1802,1824]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="24.[139,198,1297,1317]" captionTargetBox="[137,1460,223,1271]" captionTargetId="figure-197@24.[583,1014,578,918]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 10. a–d, Callopatiria granifera (R = 50 mm, NMV F98049); a, mid-ray abactinal primary and secondary plates, spinelets and papulae; b, internal superambulacral (left arrow) and superactinal (right arrow) plates; c, cleared lower lateral ray, with marginal plates, glassy convexities, papulae and secondary plates; d, section through ray showing superactinal (left arrow) and superambulacral (right arrow) plates. e, Disasterina abnormalis (R = 38 mm, WAM Z6749): integument-covered inferomarginal plate (arrow) with two distal sacciform spinelets. f, Disasterina longispina (R = 20 mm, WAM Z6760): abactinal tip of ray, with margin and long upper ray spinelet (arrow). g, Meridiastra atyphoida (R = 12 mm, NMV F87166): minute abactinal conical spinelets. h, Meridiastra occidens (R = 22 mm, NMV F73186): proximal actinal interradius, with oral spines. i, Meridiastra gunnii (R = 40 mm, NMV F73248): interradial margin supported by contiguous projections from abactinal and actinal plates, absence of superambulacral and superactinal plates." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665519/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">10e–f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="08C12A4EFFA8FFA4FEEBE47DFE654F66" box="[366,428,1802,1824]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="25.[131,190,1305,1325]" captionTargetBox="[131,1451,803,1286]" captionTargetId="graphics-295@25.[129,1452,153,1910]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 12. Abactinal views of Disasterina species. a, Disasterina abnormalis (R = 11 mm, WAM Z6753). b, Disasterina longispina (R = 25 mm, WAM Z6760)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10665525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10665525/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12a–b</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA8FFA4FF23E443FA4D4949" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FF23E443FD1F4F38" blockId="18.[139,780,1844,1918]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0EA11E5FFA8FFA4FF23E443FD1F4F38" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA8FFA4FF23E443FE024F0E" author="Perrier, E." box="[166,459,1844,1864]" page="289" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1875">
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<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FF23E443FE024F0E" ID-CoL="7NX4G" authority="Perrier, 1875: 289" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="1875" box="[166,459,1844,1864]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FF23E443FED94F0E" box="[166,272,1844,1864]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Disasterina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FE9EE443FE024F0E" author="Perrier, E." box="[283,459,1844,1864]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref36872" refString="Perrier, E. 1875. Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris. 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier, 1875: 289</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA8FFA4FE63E443FD0F4F0E" author="Livingstone, A. A." box="[486,710,1844,1864]" page="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1933">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FE63E443FD0F4F0E" author="Livingstone, A. A." box="[486,710,1844,1864]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref36464" refString="Livingstone, A. A. 1933. Some genera and species of the Asterinidae. Records of the Australian Museum 19 (1): 1 - 20, pls 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1933">Livingstone, 1933: 5–7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.—H.L.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA8FFA4FF0EE438FEE54F25" author="Clark, H. L." box="[139,300,1871,1891]" page="138" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1946">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FF0EE438FEE54F25" author="Clark, H. L." box="[139,300,1871,1891]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref35329" refString="Clark, H. L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: iv + 567 pp." type="book" year="1946">Clark, 1946: 138</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FEC2E438FD804F25" author="Spencer, W. K. & Wright, C. W." box="[327,585,1871,1891]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref37118" refString="Spencer, W. K., and Wright, C. W. 1966. Asterozoans. Pp. U 4 - U 107, 89 figs in: R. C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press." type="book" year="1966">Spencer and Wright, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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||
: U69.—A.M.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA8FFA4FD56E438FF2E4F38" author="Clark, A. M." page="218" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1993">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FD56E438FF2E4F38" author="Clark, A. M." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref34965" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993: 218</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA8FFA4FE87E41DFDE84F38" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[258,545,1898,1918]" page="131" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FE87E41DFDE84F38" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[258,545,1898,1918]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref36433" refString="Liao, Y. and Clark, A. M. 1995. T he echinoderms of southern China. 614 pp, 23 pls. Science Press: Beijing." type="book" year="1995">Liao and Clark, 1995: 131–132</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA8FFA4FDB8E41DFD1B4F38" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[573,722,1898,1918]" page="35" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1995">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FDB8E41DFD1B4F38" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[573,722,1898,1918]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as " Rowe (1995) " throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe, 1995: 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FCC9E397FA7B48B2" blockId="18.[817,1458,224,271]" box="[844,1458,224,244]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0EA11E5FFA8FFA4FCC9E397FA7B48B2" box="[844,1458,224,244]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="115B10DAFFA8FFA4FCC9E397FB2D48B2" author="Clark, H. L." box="[844,1252,224,244]" page="158" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1938">
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||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FCC9E397FB2D48B2" ID-CoL="BFFRZ" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938: 157 - 158" authorityName=", H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="157 - 158" authorityYear="1938" box="[844,1252,224,244]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Manasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FCC9E397FC0848B2" box="[844,961,224,244]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Manasterina</emphasis>
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||
H.L.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FB82E397FB2D48B2" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1031,1252,224,244]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref35285" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938: 157–158</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FAB3E397FA7B48B2" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1334,1458,224,244]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref35329" refString="Clark, H. L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: iv + 567 pp." type="book" year="1946">Clark, 1946:</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FCB4E38CFA4D4949" blockId="18.[817,1458,224,271]" box="[817,1412,251,271]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
139.—A.M.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FC23E38CFB884949" author="Clark, A. M." box="[934,1089,251,271]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref34965" refString="Clark, A. M. 1993. An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies 4: 187 - 366. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="journal article" year="1993">Clark, 1993: 220</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FBD9E38CFB394949" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[1116,1264,251,271]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1995" refId="ref36896" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., and Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. Pp. xiii + 510 in: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO: Melbourne. [as " Rowe (1995) " throughout paper]" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe, 1995: 36</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. New synonym.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA8FFA4FCB7E25EFAD34B74" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FCB7E25EFAD34B74" blockId="18.[817,1457,297,818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FCB7E25EFC514979" box="[818,920,297,319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Rays 5; body thin, covered by thick integument; form medium to long-rayed stellate, rays with wide base, tapering strongly, flat actinally, height low convex; abactinal plates thin, on broad upper rays predominantly irregular in shape, size and arrangement, loosely imbricate or contiguous or not contiguous leaving non-plated spaces; plates on lower rays in few irregular longitudinal series, sometimes weakly notched and crescentiform; interradii thin distally, small non-papulate plates in perpendicular or zig-zag series to margin; papulae few, irregular on rays; abactinal spinelets lacking or rare or few, glassy, sacciform, short or long; superomarginal plates small, not in distinct series; inferomarginal plates project widely, loosely contiguous, with distal fringe of few large sacciform spinelets; actinal interradial plates in oblique series; proximal actinal interradial areas frequently not plated; interradial actinal plates with 1–2 long sacciform spines; superambulacral plates irregularly present mid-ray and distally, lacking complete series; superactinal plates present as single plate struts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA8FFA4FCB4E03BFC334BDB" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FCB4E03BFC334BDB" blockId="18.[817,1457,844,925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FCB4E03BFC7E4B24" box="[817,951,844,866]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFA8FFA4FCB4E03BFCA94B24" box="[817,864,844,866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FC39E03BFAFD4B24" authority="Perrier, 1875" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[956,1332,844,866]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FC39E03BFB624B24" box="[956,1195,844,866]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Disasterina abnormalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FB34E03BFAFD4B24" author="Perrier, E." box="[1201,1332,844,866]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref36872" refString="Perrier, E. 1875. Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris. 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(monotypy) (junior synonym:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FC6CE01DFA454B39" authority="H. L. Clark, 1921" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1921" box="[1001,1420,873,896]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Habroporina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulchella">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FC6CE01DFB1A4BC6" box="[1001,1235,874,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Habroporina pulchella</emphasis>
|
||
H.L. Clark, 1921
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FCB4E0F0FC244BDB" author="Livingstone, A. A." box="[817,1005,903,925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref36464" refString="Livingstone, A. A. 1933. Some genera and species of the Asterinidae. Records of the Australian Museum 19 (1): 1 - 20, pls 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1933">Livingstone, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA8FFA4FCB4E0C4FA664BA4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FCB4E0C4FA664BA4" blockId="18.[817,1458,947,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FCB4E0C4FC734B81" box="[817,954,947,967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FC41E0C4FB2D4B81" authority="Doderlein, 1888" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1888" box="[964,1252,947,967]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ceylanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FC41E0C4FBF54B81" box="[964,1084,947,967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. ceylanica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FBCDE0C4FB2D4B81" author="Doderlein, L." box="[1096,1252,947,967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="822 - 846" refId="ref35564" refString="Doderlein, L. 1888. Echinodermen von Ceylon. Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 3 (6): 822 - 846, pls 31 - 33." type="journal article" year="1888">Döderlein, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FB76E0C4FC6E4BA4" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FB76E0C4FABC4B81" box="[1267,1397,947,967]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. longispina</emphasis>
|
||
(H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FCB4E0B9FC694BA4" author="Clark, H. L." box="[817,928,974,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref35285" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FC34E0B9FB7C4BA4" authority="Liao, 1980" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[945,1205,974,994]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="odontacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FC34E0B9FB834BA4" box="[945,1098,974,994]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. odontacantha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FBD5E0B9FB7C4BA4" author="Liao, Y." box="[1104,1205,974,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="153 - 171" refId="ref36391" refString="Liao, Y. 1980. The echinoderms of Xisha Islands, Guangdong Province, China. 4. Asteroidea. Studia Marina Sinica 17: 153 - 171, 6 pls. (In Chinese, with English summary.)" type="book chapter" year="1980">Liao, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FB3AE0B9FA624BA4" authority="Koehler, 1910" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[1215,1451,974,994]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FB3AE0B9FAE94BA4" box="[1215,1312,974,994]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA8FFA4FAA2E0B9FA624BA4" author="Koehler, R." box="[1319,1451,974,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref36260" refString="Koehler, R. 1910. An account of the shallow-water Asteroidea. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum. 1 - 183, pls 1 - 20. Calcutta: Trustees of the Indian Museum." type="book" year="1910">Koehler, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA8FFA4FCB4E08FFC224C81" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FCB4E08FFA624C1A" blockId="18.[817,1458,1016,1223]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FCB4E08FFB444C4A" box="[817,1165,1016,1036]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Material examined.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FC7FE08FFB404C4A" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1018,1161,1016,1036]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">D. abnormalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA8FFA4FB1CE08FFAFB4C4A" box="[1177,1330,1016,1036]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA8FFA4FAC7E08FFAAE4C4A" box="[1346,1383,1016,1036]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
||
J5042; Queensland, Cairns, J4947 (2); Hayman I., J5699 (1); J5904 (4); J5957 (1); J7315 (1); Torres Strait, Murray I., Z6748 (1); N Western Australia, Rowley Shoals,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA8FFA4FBA0E73FFB954C1A" box="[1061,1116,1096,1116]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
Z6749 (2); Scott Reef, Z6753-5 (3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FCC9E714FC734CD4" blockId="18.[817,1458,1016,1223]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FCC9E714FC074C31" box="[844,974,1123,1143]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FCC9E714FC024C31" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[844,971,1123,1143]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">D. longispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFA8FFA4FC56E714FBBF4C31" box="[979,1142,1123,1143]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Houtman Abrolhos,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA8FFA4FABDE714FAA64C31" box="[1336,1391,1123,1143]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
|
||
Z6758 (1); Z6760 (2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FCC9E7EFFC224C81" blockId="18.[817,1458,1016,1223]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FCC9E7EFFC264CEA" box="[844,1007,1176,1196]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FCC9E7EFFC224CEA" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[844,1003,1176,1196]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="odontacantha">D. odontacantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA8FFA4FC73E7EFFBD14CEA" box="[1014,1048,1176,1196]" name="Fiji" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA8FFA4FBA0E7EFFB8B4CEA" box="[1061,1090,1176,1196]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
2391 (1);
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA8FFA4FB2EE7EFFB014CEA" box="[1195,1224,1176,1196]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
1116 (1);
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA8FFA4FAB5E7EFFA874CEA" box="[1328,1358,1176,1196]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1874 (1);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA8FFA4FCB4E7C4FCA24C81" box="[817,875,1203,1223]" name="Guam" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6EBAE0EFFA8FFA4FCF1E7C4FC584C81" box="[884,913,1203,1223]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
1253 (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA8FFA5FCB7E795FF354B95" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA4FCB7E795FC174DB9" blockId="18.[817,1457,1249,1917]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FCB7E795FB6A4CBE" box="[818,1187,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description with species variations.</emphasis>
|
||
Body thin, rays 5 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FAE9E795FCA14D53" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FAE9E795FCA14D53" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">abnormalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5–6); interradial margin deeply incurved, concave or acute proximally, form medium to long-rayed stellate; rays with wide base, tapering to narrowly or widely rounded end; body flat actinally, low convex abactinally; distal interradii wide and thin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FC55E603FB8A4DCC" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[976,1091,1396,1418]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FC55E603FB8A4DCC" box="[976,1091,1396,1418]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">abnormalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or narrow and thin, rays rise distinctly from thin margin; body covered with thick integument; size medium (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FC46E6D8FBFF4D83" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[963,1078,1455,1477]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FC46E6D8FBFF4D83" box="[963,1078,1455,1477]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">abnormalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to R =
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFA8FFA4FB2CE6D8FB3A4D83" box="[1193,1267,1455,1477]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
) to small (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FAE1E6D8FA784D83" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[1380,1457,1455,1477]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FAE1E6D8FA784D83" box="[1380,1457,1455,1477]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to R =
|
||
<quantity id="57029B2EFFA8FFA4FC1FE6BBFC2E4DA4" box="[922,999,1484,1506]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
); pedicellariae possibly present (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FAB2E6BBFA6B4DA4" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1335,1442,1484,1506]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FAB2E6BBFA6B4DA4" box="[1335,1442,1484,1506]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); none fissiparous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA8FFA5FCD4E570FD294AD6" blockId="18.[817,1457,1249,1917]" lastBlockId="19.[131,772,224,979]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Abactinal appearance irregular; abactinal plates on broad upper rays thin, irregular in form, size, arrangement; plates not distinguishable as primary and secondary, intergrade from large to small; plates weakly imbricating or contiguous or not contiguous leaving non-plated spaces on rays; lacking carinal series; plates on lower rays in few irregular longitudinal series; distal thin interradii with small rounded non-papulate plates in irregular series perpendicular or zig-zag to margin; plates on rays sometimes weakly notched for papulae and crescentiform (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FCBFE478FC4E4F63" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[826,903,1807,1829]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FCBFE478FC4E4F63" box="[826,903,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); papulae on rays only, single, few and sparse, large or small, irregular; disc not regularly bordered (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FA90E45BFA414F04" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1301,1416,1836,1858]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FA90E45BFA414F04" box="[1301,1416,1836,1858]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">abnormalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or almost regular border (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FBA7E43DFAEE4F26" box="[1058,1319,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FBA7E43DFB464F26" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1058,1167,1866,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">longispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FB19E43DFAEE4F26" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[1180,1319,1866,1888]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="odontacantha">odontacantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); low domes sometimes present on abactinal plates (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA8FFA4FB54E410FAF54F3B" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1233,1340,1895,1917]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA8FFA4FB54E410FAF54F3B" box="[1233,1340,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); abactinal plates frequently bare, or with few sacciform spinelets around disc (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF3FE38AFEE44955" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[186,301,253,275]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF3FE38AFEE44955" box="[186,301,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">abnormalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or sometimes with 1–2 spinelets, short proximally, long distally (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FEDEE26CFE2F4977" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[347,486,283,305]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="odontacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FEDEE26CFE2F4977" box="[347,486,283,305]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">odontacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or with 1–4 spinelets variable in form from digitiform to long, pointed or rounded, principally on ends of rays (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FEF1E222FE16492D" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[372,479,341,363]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FEF1E222FE16492D" box="[372,479,341,363]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or with 1–3 long sacciform spinelets proximally and on rays (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FE7CE204FD8F49CF" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[505,582,371,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FE7CE204FD8F49CF" box="[505,582,371,393]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); clusters of 2–4 undifferentiated spinelets possibly act as pedicellariae interradially (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF66E2DAFE874985" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[227,334,429,451]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF66E2DAFE874985" box="[227,334,429,451]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); glassy convexities present on abactinal plates (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF48E2BCFD9949A7" box="[205,592,459,481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF48E2BCFE8A49A7" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[205,323,459,481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">abnormalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FEC8E2BCFE7349A7" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[333,442,459,481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">longispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FE40E2BCFD9949A7" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[453,592,459,481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="odontacantha">odontacantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); superomarginal plates small, not in distinct series, bare (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FD01E29FFF274A5D" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FD01E29FFD3649B8" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[644,767,488,510]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">abnormalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF06E172FF274A5D" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[131,238,517,539]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">longispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or with 1 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FEFBE172FDC04A5D" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[382,521,517,539]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="odontacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FEFBE172FDC04A5D" box="[382,521,517,539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">odontacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or few long spinelets (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF09E154FF104A7F" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[140,217,547,569]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF09E154FF104A7F" box="[140,217,547,569]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); inferomarginal plates project prominently, some elongate and almost entirely projecting (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FD01E137FD354A10" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[644,764,576,598]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FD01E137FD354A10" box="[644,764,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">abnormalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF06E12AFF274A35" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[131,238,605,627]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF06E12AFF274A35" box="[131,238,605,627]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FE84E12AFE454A35" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[257,396,605,627]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="odontacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FE84E12AFE454A35" box="[257,396,605,627]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">odontacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), each plate with transverse distal fringe of 1–6 integument-covered long sacciform spinelets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA9FFA5FF26E1EFFDC04A8D" blockId="19.[131,772,224,979]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Actinal interradial plates in oblique series; proximal actinal interradial areas frequently not plated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA9FFA5FF26E1A5FF274B18" blockId="19.[131,772,224,979]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Actinal spines per plate: oral 4–8; suboral 1–3 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FD15E1A4FF6A4B40" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1980" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="odontacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FD15E1A4FF6A4B40" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">odontacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0); furrow 3–6 proximally, webbed; subambulacral 1–3; adradial bare (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FEAFE07AFD884B65" box="[298,577,781,803]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FEAFE07AFE684B65" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[298,417,781,803]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">abnormalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FE30E07AFD884B65" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[437,577,781,803]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="odontacantha">odontacantha</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) or with spines; actinal 1 or 2 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FEC4E05CFE584B07" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[321,401,811,833]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FEC4E05CFE584B07" box="[321,401,811,833]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); interradial actinal spines long sacciform.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA9FFA5FF26E012FF354B95" blockId="19.[131,772,224,979]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Superambulacral plates irregularly present mid-ray and distally (
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF44E0F4FE644BDF" box="[193,429,899,921]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF44E0F4FEFE4BDF" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[193,311,899,921]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">abnormalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FEC7E0F4FE644BDF" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[322,429,899,921]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">longispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), lacking complete series; superactinal plates present as single plate struts
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FDFBE0D7FF274B95" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FD03E0D7FCC94BF0" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[646,768,928,950]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">abnormalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF06E0CAFF274B95" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[131,238,957,979]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">longispina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA9FFA5FF06E09EFD384C7C" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA9FFA5FF06E09EFD384C7C" blockId="19.[131,771,1001,1082]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF06E09EFF374BB9" box="[131,254,1001,1023]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Indo-West Pacific, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA9FFA5FD9AE09EFD954BB9" box="[543,604,1001,1023]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea (Xisha Is),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA9FFA5FF06E771FF1B4C5A" box="[131,210,1030,1052]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bay of Bengal (Andaman Is),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA9FFA5FDD1E771FD774C5A" box="[596,702,1030,1052]" name="Indonesia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA9FFA5FD57E771FF254C7C" name="New Caledonia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA9FFA5FF72E753FEFE4C7C" box="[247,311,1060,1082]" name="Guam" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA9FFA5FEC7E753FEA14C7C" box="[322,360,1060,1082]" name="Fiji" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA9FFA5FE4BE753FDE44C7C" box="[462,557,1060,1082]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="523EF829FFA9FFA5FDBDE753FD244C7C" box="[568,749,1060,1082]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA9FFA5FF06E727FC7E4B06" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA9FFA5FF06E727FF074CBE" blockId="19.[131,772,1104,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF06E727FF154C20" box="[131,220,1104,1126]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Molecular data have not been obtained for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF06E71AFF334CC5" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[131,250,1133,1155]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF06E71AFF334CC5" box="[131,250,1133,1155]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the genus is reviewed on morphological grounds. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FEFCE7FCFE324CE7" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1888" box="[377,507,1163,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ceylanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FEFCE7FCFE324CE7" box="[377,507,1163,1185]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. ceylanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FDB7E7FCFD5D4CE7" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[562,660,1163,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinos">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FDB7E7FCFD5D4CE7" box="[562,660,1163,1185]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. spinos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a were not seen and morphological data were obtained from the original descriptions and figures by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA9FFA5FE3FE7B2FDB94C9D" author="Doderlein, L." box="[442,624,1221,1243]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="822 - 846" refId="ref35564" refString="Doderlein, L. 1888. Echinodermen von Ceylon. Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 3 (6): 822 - 846, pls 31 - 33." type="journal article" year="1888">Döderlein (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA9FFA5FD34E7B2FF034CBE" author="Koehler, R." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref36260" refString="Koehler, R. 1910. An account of the shallow-water Asteroidea. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum. 1 - 183, pls 1 - 20. Calcutta: Trustees of the Indian Museum." type="book" year="1910">Koehler (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA9FFA5FF26E677FF744F05" blockId="19.[131,772,1104,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Species previously assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FE7DE677FDA74D50" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[504,622,1280,1302]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FE7DE677FDA74D50" box="[504,622,1280,1302]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fall into two morphological groups, those close to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F418869FFA9FFA5FDBDE66AFDAD4D75" box="[568,612,1309,1331]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FDE8E66AFCCA4D75" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[621,771,1309,1331]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FDE8E66AFCCA4D75" box="[621,771,1309,1331]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. abnormalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and retained here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FEECE64CFE164D17" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[361,479,1339,1361]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FEECE64CFE164D17" box="[361,479,1339,1361]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FDA7E64CFD1B4D17" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[546,722,1339,1361]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tegulaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leptalacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FDA7E64CFD1B4D17" box="[546,722,1339,1361]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. leptalacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF06E62FFEC44D28" baseAuthorityName="Livingstone" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[131,269,1368,1390]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tegulaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="praesignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF06E62FFEC44D28" box="[131,269,1368,1390]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. praesignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(with junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FE7BE62FFD454D28" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[510,652,1368,1390]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FE7BE62FFD454D28" box="[510,652,1368,1390]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. spinulifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which are close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF66E602FE624DCD" authorityName="Livingstone" authorityYear="1933" box="[227,427,1397,1419]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tegulaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emburyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF66E602FE624DCD" box="[227,427,1397,1419]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tegulaster emburyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are removed to
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FD13E602FF304DEF" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FD13E602FCC94DCD" authorityName=", Livingstone" authorityYear="1933" box="[662,768,1397,1419]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tegulaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Tegulaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF06E6E4FF304DEF" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[131,249,1427,1449]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Disasterina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FE0FE6E4FE3A4DEF" authorityName=", Livingstone" authorityYear="1933" box="[394,499,1427,1449]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tegulaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FE0FE6E4FE3A4DEF" box="[394,499,1427,1449]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tegulaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having: body thin and low, not thick and high; abactinal plates thin and loosely contiguous, not thick and imbricating; non-plated abactinal spaces present, not absent; median band of irregular abactinal plates on rays wide, not narrow; distal interradial plates at margin in irregular perpendicular series, not longitudinal and thus crossed angled series; superomarginal plates small and irregular, not large and in distinct series; covering integument thick, not thin. The form and patterns of spinelets and spines are similar in the two genera.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FE87E5ECFEB14EF7" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[258,376,1691,1713]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FE87E5ECFEB14EF7" box="[258,376,1691,1713]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also shares some morphological characters with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF7DE5CFFEA74E88" authority="O’Loughlin & Waters, 2004" authorityName="O’Loughlin & Waters" authorityYear="2004" box="[248,366,1720,1742]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF7DE5CFFEA74E88" box="[248,366,1720,1742]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Indianastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B9BD57A2FFA9FFA5FEF1E5CFFE194E88" box="[372,464,1720,1742]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
below, in particular spination, limited presence of superambulacral plates and presence of series of superactinal plates. The morphological differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF66E467FE904F60" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[227,345,1808,1830]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF66E467FE904F60" box="[227,345,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FE13E467FDC54F60" authorityName="O’Loughlin & Waters" authorityYear="2004" box="[406,524,1808,1830]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FE13E467FDC54F60" box="[406,524,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Indianastra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are detailed under the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA9FFA5FF26E43CFB874A10" blockId="19.[131,772,1104,1947]" lastBlockId="19.[809,1450,224,891]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF26E43CFDAB4F26" ID-CoL="3XSW8" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[163,610,1866,1889]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Manasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF26E43CFE554F27" box="[163,412,1867,1889]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Manasterina longispina</emphasis>
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA9FFA5FE61E43DFDAB4F26" author="Clark, H. L." box="[484,610,1866,1888]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref35285" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from a single specimen and the genus distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FF06E4F2FF304FDD" ID-CoL="7NX4G" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[131,249,1925,1947]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FF06E4F2FF304FDD" box="[131,249,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by size, single minute spinelets on some abactinal plates, long spinelets on rays distally, openly spaced abactinal plates, and absence of non-plated proximal actinal areas. None of these characters is of generic value. The long spinelets on distal ray plates is unique to the species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FB42E24FFA9D4908" ID-CoL="3XSW8" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[1223,1364,312,334]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Manasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FB42E24FFA9D4908" box="[1223,1364,312,334]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is intermediate in size amongst species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FB31E222FAE3492D" ID-CoL="7NX4G" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1204,1322,341,363]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FB31E222FAE3492D" box="[1204,1322,341,363]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FCACE204FC5649CF" ID-CoL="7NX4G" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[809,927,371,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FCACE204FC5649CF" box="[809,927,371,393]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sometimes have spinelets on abactinal plates; and the extent of non-plated abactinal and actinal body wall varies amongst specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FB9FE2DAFB634985" ID-CoL="3XSW8" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[1050,1194,429,451]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Manasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FB9FE2DAFB634985" box="[1050,1194,429,451]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and amongst species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FCACE2BCFC6D49A7" ID-CoL="7NX4G" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[809,932,459,481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FCACE2BCFC6D49A7" box="[809,932,459,481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FC41E2BCFB8249A7" ID-CoL="BFFRZ" authorityName=", H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[964,1099,459,481]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Manasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FC41E2BCFB8249A7" box="[964,1099,459,481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Manasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is synonymised here with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FCACE29FFC6D49B8" ID-CoL="7NX4G" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[809,932,488,510]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FCACE29FFC6D49B8" box="[809,932,488,510]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Clusters of 2–4 undifferentiated interradial spinelets with their distal ends angled together and contiguous were observed on preserved
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FBF1E154FAC04A7F" ID-CoL="3XSW8" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[1140,1289,547,569]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Manasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="longispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FBF1E154FAC04A7F" box="[1140,1289,547,569]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. longispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material, and possibly act as pedicellariae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA9FFA5FCCCE12AFC7E4B06" blockId="19.[809,1450,224,891]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA9FFA5FCCCE12AFBC54A35" author="Livingstone, A. A." box="[841,1036,605,627]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref36464" refString="Livingstone, A. A. 1933. Some genera and species of the Asterinidae. Records of the Australian Museum 19 (1): 1 - 20, pls 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1933">Livingstone (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FB0CE12AFB3C4A35" ID-CoL="36S64" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[1161,1269,605,627]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FB0CE12AFB3C4A35" box="[1161,1269,605,627]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be inappropriately assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FC67E10CFB914AD7" ID-CoL="7NX4G" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[994,1112,635,657]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FC67E10CFB914AD7" box="[994,1112,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but gave no reason. The single long sacciform spinelets on abactinal plates distinguish the species but are not grounds for rejecting its generic placement.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FCACE1A4FB1C4AAE" ID-CoL="36S5X" authority="Doderlein (1888)" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1888" box="[809,1237,722,745]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ceylanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FCACE1A4FBC74AAF" box="[809,1038,723,745]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina ceylanica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA9FFA5FB98E1A5FB1C4AAE" author="Doderlein, L." box="[1053,1237,722,744]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="822 - 846" refId="ref35564" refString="Doderlein, L. 1888. Echinodermen von Ceylon. Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 3 (6): 822 - 846, pls 31 - 33." type="journal article" year="1888">Döderlein (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reassigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FCACE187FC5B4B40" ID-CoL="7Q3V2" authorityName=", Livingstone" authorityYear="1933" box="[809,914,752,774]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tegulaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FCACE187FC5B4B40" box="[809,914,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tegulaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F46B4B3AFFA9FFA5FC4EE187FB554B40" author="Livingstone, A. A." box="[971,1180,752,774]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref36464" refString="Livingstone, A. A. 1933. Some genera and species of the Asterinidae. Records of the Australian Museum 19 (1): 1 - 20, pls 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1933">Livingstone (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FB2AE187FAEF4B40" ID-CoL="7NX4G" authorityName=", Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1199,1318,752,774]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FB2AE187FAEF4B40" box="[1199,1318,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Disasterina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FAEFE187FC954B65" ID-CoL="7Q3V2" authorityName=", Livingstone" authorityYear="1933" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Tegulaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FAEFE187FC954B65" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tegulaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have some common characters but the reassignment is inappropriate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8E06540FFA9FFA5FCCCE03FFA6D4B3D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="904536CBFFA9FFA5FCCCE03FFA6D4B3D" blockId="19.[809,1450,224,891]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Material from the University of Florida extends the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FA4D48FFA9FFA5FC44E012FBA24B3D" authorityName="Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[961,1131,869,891]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Disasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="odontacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="A28EEAD9FFA9FFA5FC44E012FBA24B3D" box="[961,1131,869,891]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. odontacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA9FFA5FB2EE012FB214B3D" box="[1195,1256,869,891]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA9FFA5FA8CE012FA8E4B3D" box="[1289,1351,869,891]" name="Guam" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8ED765BFFA9FFA5FAFCE012FA694B3D" box="[1401,1440,869,891]" name="Fiji" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |