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<mods:title id="AFECFB0AF2C7A37A8589C2E33836241C">First data on the bionomics of Leptochilus (Euleptochilus) limbiferus (Morawitz 1867) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), with taxonomic notes and new records</mods:title>
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, by subsequent designation of
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<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A701FA3FFAF7C1A4" author="Buck, M. &amp; Marshall, S. A. &amp; Cheung, D. K. B." box="[1028,1301,1463,1487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 492" refId="ref11589" refString="Buck, M., Marshall, S. A. &amp; Cheung, D. K. B. (2008) Identification atlas of the Vespidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) of the northeastern Nearctic region. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 5, 1 - 492. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2008.05" type="journal article" year="2008">
Buck
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A745FA30FB91C1A4" box="[1088,1139,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 216221
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC51FFF8A625FA3FFE61C185" author="Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Gusenleitner, J. &amp; Madl, M." page="158" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A625FA3FFE61C185" author="Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Gusenleitner, J. &amp; Madl, M." pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="95 - 315" refId="ref11740" refString="Carpenter, J. M., Gusenleitner, J. &amp; Madl, M. (2010) A catalogue of the Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of the Ethiopian Region excluding Malagasy Subregion. Part II: Genera Delta de Saussure 1885 to Zethus Fabricius 1804 and species incertae sedis. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 42 (1), 95 - 315." type="journal article" year="2010">
Carpenter
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A68FFA30FF00C185" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">et al.</emphasis>
2010: 158159
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC51FFF8A28BFA5EFCF6C185" author="Kumar, P. G. &amp; Carpenter, J. M." box="[398,788,1494,1518]" page="7786" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A28BFA5EFCF6C185" author="Kumar, P. G. &amp; Carpenter, J. M." box="[398,788,1494,1518]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="7786 - 7790" refId="ref13282" refString="Kumar, P. G. &amp; Carpenter, J. M. (2015) Description of a new species of Leptochilus (Neoleptochilus) Bluthgen, 1961 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 7 (11), 7786 - 7790. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 4072.7786 - 90" type="journal article" year="2015">Kumar &amp; Carpenter 2015: 77867790</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1F23C953FC51FFF8A018FA5EFB84C185" author="Antropov, A. V. &amp; Fateryga, A. V." box="[797,1126,1494,1518]" page="185" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A018FA5EFB84C185" author="Antropov, A. V. &amp; Fateryga, A. V." box="[797,1126,1494,1518]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="175 - 196" refId="ref10845" refString="Antropov, A. V. &amp; Fateryga, A. V. (2017) Family Vespidae. In: Lelej, A. S., Proshchalykin, M. Yu. &amp; Loktionov, V. M. (Eds.), Annotated Catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Vol. I. Symphyta and Apocrita: Aculeata. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, Supplement 6, pp. 175 - 196." type="journal article" year="2017">Antropov &amp; Fateryga 2017: 185</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D698BCC9FC51FFFFA392F994FD06C4BD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC51FFF8A392F994FE06C231" blockId="3.[151,1437,1564,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A392F994FEE9C25D" bold="true" box="[151,267,1564,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Remarks.</emphasis>
Due to the vast literature on the genus
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC51FFF8A1D4F994FCB6C25D" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[721,852,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A1D4F994FCB6C25D" box="[721,852,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Leptochilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only the most important references relevant to the present study are cited above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC51FFF8A3C2F9EDFEFEC3A8" blockId="3.[151,1437,1564,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
It is not easy to complete a definitive diagnosis of the genus due to its high variability. Usually, its representatives could be recognized by the following characters: head shorter or not much longer than its wide; proboscis not reaches mid coxae; thorax not much longer than its wide; pronotal foveae absent; pronotal carina present; tegula protruding posteriorly; second submarginal cell of forewing with obtuse basal angle; metanotum sharply edged posteriorly; propodeal valvula bilamellate, submarginal carina projecting as rounded lobe above valvula; tergum 1 hardly petiolate, without transverse carina, depressed subapically (
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A084F890FBECC359" author="Parker, F. D." box="[897,1038,1816,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="151 - 229" refId="ref13774" refString="Parker, F. D. (1966) A revision of the North American species in the genus Leptochilus (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 5, 151 - 229." type="journal article" year="1966">Parker 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A71FF890FB29C359" author="Kurzenko, N. V." box="[1050,1227,1816,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="81 - 112" refId="ref13398" refString="Kurzenko, N. V. (1982 [&quot; 1981 &quot;]) [Review of the genera of the vespid wasps of the family Eumenidae (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea) of the fauna of the USSR]. In: Lehr, P. A. (Ed.), [Hymenoptera of the Far East]. Far East Center of the Academy of Sciences of USSR Press, Vladivostok, pp. 81 - 112. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1982">Kurzenko 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A7D2F890FEBDC33D" author="Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Garcete-Barrett, B. R." pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="52 - 73" refId="ref11689" refString="Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Garcete-Barrett, B. R. (2002) A key to the Neotropical genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, 14 (1 - 2), 52 - 73." type="journal article" year="2002">Carpenter &amp; Garcete-Barrett 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A26EF8B4FDC8C33D" author="Buck, M. &amp; Marshall, S. A. &amp; Cheung, D. K. B." box="[363,554,1852,1878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 492" refId="ref11589" refString="Buck, M., Marshall, S. A. &amp; Cheung, D. K. B. (2008) Identification atlas of the Vespidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) of the northeastern Nearctic region. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 5, 1 - 492. https: // doi. org / 10.3752 / cjai. 2008.05" type="journal article" year="2008">
Buck
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A2ABF8B5FE05C33D" box="[430,487,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A132F8B4FCF4C33D" author="Gusenleitner, J." box="[567,790,1852,1878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="5 - 107" refId="ref12899" refString="Gusenleitner, J. (2013 a) Die Gattungen der Eumeninae im Nahen Osten, in Nordafrika und in Arabien (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 45 (1), 5 - 107." type="journal article" year="2013">Gusenleitner 2013a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A024F8B5FC33C33D" author="Tan, J. - L. &amp; Carpenter, J. M. &amp; van Achterberg, C." box="[801,977,1852,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="109 - 149" refId="ref14194" refString="Tan, J. - L., Carpenter, J. M. &amp; van Achterberg, C. (2018) An illustrated key to the genera of Eumeninae from China, with a checklist of species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). ZooKeys, 740, 109 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 740.22654" type="journal article" year="2018">
Tan
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A056F8B5FC6EC33D" box="[851,908,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Old World species also have a peculiar apical lamella on tergum 2; this lamella has a basal row of small to large punctures. Representatives of the genus are usually very small wasps (except subgenera
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A188F80CFCB1C3F5" box="[653,851,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC51FFF8A188F80CFCF2C3F5" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[653,784,1924,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Leptochilus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7C58E2BFC51FFF8A01DF80DFCB1C3F5" box="[792,851,1925,1950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC51FFF8A08EF80CFBC7C3F5" authorityName="Bluthgen" authorityYear="1943" box="[907,1061,1924,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Euleptochilus">
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A08EF80CFBC7C3F5" box="[907,1061,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Euleptochilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which comprise rather mediumsized ones).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E3DEF42FC51FFFFA3C2F844FD06C4BD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1564,2023]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,214]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A3C2F844FE5DC38D" bold="true" box="[199,447,1996,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Subgenera included.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC51FFF8A2CCF844FD36C38D" authority="Bluthgen" authorityName="Bluthgen" authorityYear="1943" box="[457,724,1996,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Euleptochilus">
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A2CCF844FD81C38D" box="[457,611,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Euleptochilus</emphasis>
Blüthgen
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A1D8F845FD11C38D" box="[733,755,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC51FFF8A1F8F844FC7DC38D" author="Berland, L." box="[765,927,1996,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" pagination="311 - 317" refId="ref11192" refString="Berland, L. (1943) Recoltes entomologiques faites par L. Berland a Villa-Cisneros (Rio de Oro). - Hymenopteres. Bulletin du Museium National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 e Serie, 15 (5), 311 - 317." type="journal article" year="1943">Berland, 1943</bibRefCitation>
(16 species);
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC51FFF8A740F844FAEDC38D" box="[1093,1295,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC51FFF8A740F844FB2AC38D" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1853" box="[1093,1224,1996,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Leptochilus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7C58E2BFC51FFF8A7D4F845FAEDC38D" box="[1233,1295,1997,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(1 species);
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA392FF1FFEEDC4DA" box="[151,271,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Lionotulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA210FF1FFE23C4DA" author="Bluthgen, P." box="[277,449,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="270 - 295" refId="ref11237" refString="Bluthgen, P. (1938 [&quot; 1937 &quot;]) Systematischen Verzeichnis der Faltenwespen Mitteleuropas, Skandinaviens und Englands. Konowia, 16, 270 - 295." type="journal article" year="1938">Blüthgen, 1938</bibRefCitation>
(90 species);
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA15FFF1FFC51C4DA" authority="Bluthgen, 1961" authorityName="Bluthgen" authorityYear="1961" box="[602,947,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Neoleptochilus">
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA15FFF1FFCE0C4DA" box="[602,770,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Neoleptochilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA00DFF1FFC51C4DA" author="Bluthgen, P." box="[776,947,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="1 - 252" refId="ref11364" refString="Bluthgen, P. (1961) Die Faltenwespen Mitteleuropas (Hymenoptera, Diploptera). Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Klasse fur Chemie, Geologie und Biologie, 1961 (2), 1 - 252." type="journal article" year="1961">Blüthgen, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(27 species);
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA748FF1FFA7EC4DA" authority="Gusenleitner, 1970" authorityName="Gusenleitner" authorityYear="1970" box="[1101,1436,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Sarochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA748FF1FFB26C4DA" box="[1101,1220,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Sarochilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA7CCFF1FFA7EC4DA" author="Gusenleitner, J." box="[1225,1436,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" pagination="55 - 61" refId="ref12674" refString="Gusenleitner, J. (1970) Notes on some new Eumenidae from Israel (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea). Israel Journal of Entomology, 5, 55 - 61." type="journal article" year="1970">Gusenleitner, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(11 species);
<taxonomicName id="598294C1FC56FFFFA22EFF33FDADC4BE" authority="Robertson, 1928" authorityName="Robertson" authorityYear="1928" box="[299,591,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leptochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zendalia">
<emphasis id="ACF63350FC56FFFFA22EFF33FE6DC4BE" box="[299,399,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="293">Zendalia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA1392B3FC56FFFFA293FF33FDADC4BE" author="Robertson, C." box="[406,591,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="293" refId="ref13934" refString="Robertson, C. (1928) Flowers and insects. Science Press Printing Company, Lancaster, 221 pp." type="book" year="1928">Robertson, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(55 species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>