162 lines
19 KiB
XML
162 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.1519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4318ba3c-8d54-421e-b094-ada2fb2d4694" ID-PMC="PMC3234409" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-149-51" ID-PubMed="22207794" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-149-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 149" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Elasmia Möschler from New Mexico and Texas, and a new subspecies of Elasmia mandela (Druce) from Texas and Oklahoma (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae, Nystaleinae)" checkinTime="1451249586959" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Metzler, Eric H. & Knudson, Edward C." docDate="2011" docId="874060C90766B244E1F26A07A3331238" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 149: 51-67" docOrigin="ZooKeys 149" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.1519" docTitle="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana Metzler & Knudson, subsp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFAE4571E462FFAAFFA7CA1EFF90FFD2" masterDocTitle="A new species of Elasmia Moeschler from New Mexico and Texas, and a new subspecies of Elasmia mandela (Druce) from Texas and Oklahoma (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae, Nystaleinae)" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1668152816792" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Elasmia Moeschler from New Mexico and Texas, and a new subspecies of Elasmia mandela (Druce) from Texas and Oklahoma (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae, Nystaleinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Metzler, Eric H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knudson, Edward C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>149</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>67</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.1519</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.1519</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-149-51</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032326" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9B30138B-9B92-4B81-9797-82B59ABE417F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/874060C90766B244E1F26A07A3331238" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9B30138B-9B92-4B81-9797-82B59ABE417F" authority="Metzler & Knudson" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana Metzler & Knudson</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="55">subsp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 9, 1017-1922, 2528
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
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Holotype male: "Hidalgo Co. Texas 31-X-83 Santa Ana Refuge leg. E.C. Knudson" "HOLOTYPE USNM
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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Metzler & Knudson" [red handwritten label] (USNM). Paratypes: 13 males; 10 females: TEXAS: Harris Co: TX. Houston, Leg. E.C. Knudson, 9-VIII-75. Hidalgo Co. TX. Santa Ana NWR, 6-IX-92, leg. E.C. Knudson. Texas: Uvalde Co. Concan, 15-V-10, B/K. Tarrant Co. Texas Benbrook, 30-IV-78, leg. E.C. Knudson. Terrel Co. Tex. Sanderson, 25-IV-81, leg. E.C. Knudson. Kerrville. Texas, Barnes Collection. Kerrville, Texas. VIII 1904. Kerrville, TX. H. Lacy Collector. Kerrville, 4-23-08, TX. F.C. Pratt Collector. Texas, San Patricio Co. Welder Wildlife Refuge near Sinton, Texas, 14-16-VI-85, leg. E.C. Knudson. Hidalgo Co., TX, Bentsen State Park, 6-VIII-94, E. Knudson coll. Montgomery Co. Tex. Sawdust Rd. & I.S. 45, leg. E.C. Knudson, 20-VI-75. Brownsville, Tex III-10-29, F.H. Benjamin collr, Barnes Collection. Alpine, TX. 8-14 May, 8-14 July, 15-21 Aug. 1926, O.C. Poling, Coll[ector]. TEXAS: Smith Cany., Guadalupe Mountains, Culberson Co., 5750' May 22, 1973, Douglas C. Ferguson. OK: Caddo Co. Methodist Youth Camp 1 October 1994 J.M. Nelson Coll. OK: Tulsa Co. Sand Springs 145th & W. 19th St. Aug 27 - Sept 1, 2008 J.F. Fisher, Collr. at black light. OK: Tulsa Co. Sand Springs 145th & W. 19th St. September 12, 2008 J.F. Fisher, Collr. at black light. (TLSRC, ORU, USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">The name of this subspecies, santaana,refers to its type locality, Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge in Texas. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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is gray overall. The adult resembles a large example of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia packardii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="packardii">Elasmia packardii</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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has a contrasting dark scale patch in the reniform/subreniform area.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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(mean forewing length = 16 mm) is larger than
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia packardii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="packardii">Elasmia packardii</taxonomicName>
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(mean forewing length = 14 mm) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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's
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Barth’s">Barth's</normalizedToken>
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Organ is relatively larger. The lateral margin of the uncus in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia packardii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="packardii">Elasmia packardii</taxonomicName>
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has a slight shoulder immediately below the apex, whereas in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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the lateral margin of the uncus is flared outward.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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is a gray moth, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia cave" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cave">Elasmia cave</taxonomicName>
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is a
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="56" start="start">brown</pageBreakToken>
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moth. The male and female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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are similar to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia cave" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cave">Elasmia cave</taxonomicName>
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. The costulae of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia cave" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cave">Elasmia cave</taxonomicName>
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are abruptly bent and swollen apically (Fig. 15); the costulae of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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may be slightly swollen but not bent apically (Fig. 18).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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Adult male (Fig. 9): Head: smoky gray, scales strap-like, erect, a vague fuscous shade between eyes below antennae, a vague fuscous shade behind antennae. Labial palpus erect, extending to base of antenna, smoky brown gray with two dark-brown lateral lines, ventral scales on 1st and 2nd segments long, not shaggy, 3rd segment closely scaled. Haustellum coiled between labial palpi. Antenna narrowly bipectinate for basal 3/4, each ramus tipped with long setae, apical 1/4 ciliate, with short setae, dorsal surface smoky, closely scaled, ventral surface naked. Thorax: pale brown behind head; collar narrow, black, dorsum smoky with blackish brown-tipped scales on disc; tegula pale smoky, edged with black scales, scales strap-like; underside dark smoky gray with pale-tipped scales, smoky laterally, hair-like. Legs: smoky dark gray brown, closely scaled, each segment and each tarsomere apex ringed with pale. Forewing: length 15-17 mm, mean 16 mm, n = 7. Dorsal surface ground color smoky gray; basal line pale at costa, finely lined with black; antemedial line pale, sinuous, finely lined with black; postmedial line sinuous, pale, finely lined with black; subterminal line a series of fuscous black bars; terminal line a fine fuscous line; orbicular spot inconspicuous; reniform spot a black bar outlined with pale, dark blackish shade in lower part; subreniform spot contrasting black and fuscous; costa apex pale gray tan to white; dark line with dark shade from apex oblique to subreniform spot. Ventral surface smoky; terminal line black; fringe smoky. Hind wing. Dorsal surface ground color smoky gray, darker distally; fringe pale. Ventral surface ground color smoky, with scattered fuscous scales; fringe smoky. Abdomen: smoky, basal tuft blackish, underside smoky. Genitalia (Fig. 17): Uncus flattened, flared outward laterally, with narrow shoulders immediately below apex, apex setose, pointed; socii large, setose, bent at approximately 90°, each arm with an ear-like ridge; tegumen flattened; saccus U-shaped, short; juxta shield shaped, dorsal margin a half circular cutout; diaphragma bearing two sclerotized processes (costulae) near bases of valvae costa, bent at 90°, apex slightly swollen (Fig. 18); valve setose, sclerotized dorsally, membranous ventrally,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Barth’s">Barth's</normalizedToken>
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Organ robust, with numerous chevron-shaped parallel pleats, cucullus poorly defined with three narrow curved ridges, corona with weak, mesally-directed, curved setae. Aedeagus (Fig. 19) straight, abruptly flared out anteriorly, flattened, spoon shaped; vesica lightly sclerotized, with a patch of deciduous stellate (like a starfish) spicule-shaped cornuti; subbasal diverticulum with a nipple-shaped cornutus; apex lightly sclerotized, one large basal diverticulum with two subbasal lobes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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Adult female (Fig. 10). Similar to male except; antenna filiform without long setae; top of head yellow to orange; collar to disc of thorax yellow to orange. Fore
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="57" start="start">wing</pageBreakToken>
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length = 16-18 mm, mean 17 mm, n = 9. Genitalia (Fig. 22). Papillae anales membranous, setose, hidden from view between sclerotized extensions of ninth abdominal segment; posterior apophyses slender; anterior apophyses slender; ductus bursae short, broad; corpus bursae round, with a single shark tooth-shaped signum; dorsal wall of corpus bursae sclerotized, forming a thumb-like extension, without bulbous terminus; sclerotized ventral wall with a pock-marked, finger-like extension appressed to surface of corpus bursae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="57" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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We make this a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandela">Elasmia mandela</taxonomicName>
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because the color of the forewings is different from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. mandela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="mandela">Elasmia mandela mandela</taxonomicName>
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, it is slightly smaller, and it is geographically separated from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandela">Elasmia mandela</taxonomicName>
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. The male and female genitalia, however, are indistinguishable from those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. mandela" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="mandela">Elasmia mandela mandela</taxonomicName>
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. Some specimens from Oklahoma were previously misidentified as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia insularis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">Elasmia insularis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" type="distribution and biology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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In the U.S.,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded from Texas and Oklahoma; its distribution in Mexico is unknown. A larval host (R. O. Kendall specimens in TAM) is
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<taxonomicName genus="Unganadia" lsidName="Unganadia speciosa" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="speciosa">Unganadia speciosa</taxonomicName>
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Endl. (Mexican buckeye) (
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<taxonomicName genus="Sapindaceae" lsidName="Sapindaceae" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
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). The type locality was selected because the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will protect it into perpetuity.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="58" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
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26. Distribution map for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia packardii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="packardii">Elasmia packardii</taxonomicName>
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in United States.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
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Figure 27. Distribution map for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia cave" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cave">Elasmia cave</taxonomicName>
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in United States.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
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Figure 28. Distribution map for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Elasmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elasmia mandela subsp. santaana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="mandela" subSpecies="santaana">Elasmia mandela santaana</taxonomicName>
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in United States.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |