281 lines
36 KiB
XML
281 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="F98F90813C15DE23F59D1CE9A0ADE296" ID-CLB-Dataset="298438" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5468.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a281190-31de-47e2-8ba9-85a1c6924faf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11615558" ID-ZooBank="0FF33E52-AEAB-4207-935C-4E11F551A96D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1718185369582" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Muilwijk, Jan, Kataev, Boris M. & Wrase, David W." docDate="2024" docId="039487C7FFA1BB70FF66FCC59814FECE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5468.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5468 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5468.2.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lyrothorax (Lyrothorax) Chaudoir 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="258" masterDocId="FFADFFBFFFA3BB74FFF1FFDB9D01FFD3" masterDocTitle="Review of the subgenus Lyrothorax of the genus Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Western Palaearctic, with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="257" updateTime="1718287281004" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="415517B514D471C0B4E44C92F1B0FE6E">Review of the subgenus Lyrothorax of the genus Pterostichus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Western Palaearctic, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A83D1E84183AFCD4C898BB82B4097709">Muilwijk, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3A25C8209C3E0791C84C0CB52BF0C14B" type="email">uilwijk@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C3134DAD399FAF0EFF12430B1DABCAF8">Kataev, Boris M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1C29A7911CADE2788FFC9CCBBCA26ED7" type="email">harpal@zin.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0222F10CF421F3AF7B0A466E1EEF0213">Wrase, David W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A68657731845717EB307197FC24CCB22" type="email">carterus@gmx.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7517CA2442782EA3E02B7AC15B725D68">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8135070F67D0BF7F69EC533F3E342FE6">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039487C7FFA1BB70FF66FCC59814FECE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11621073" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232746600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11621073" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039487C7FFA1BB70FF66FCC59814FECE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487C7FFA1BB70FF66FCC59814FECE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
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<subSubSection id="C327655AFFA1BB76FF66FCC59F67FCEB" box="[151,614,798,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA1BB76FF66FCC59F67FCEB" blockId="2.[151,614,798,825]" box="[151,614,798,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
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<heading id="D0CA81BDFFA1BB76FF66FCC59F67FCEB" bold="true" box="[151,614,798,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA1BB76FF66FCC59F67FCEB" bold="true" box="[151,614,798,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA1BB76FEE6FCC59F67FCEB" authority="Chaudoir, 1838" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1838" box="[279,614,798,825]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lyrothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA1BB76FEE6FCC59C9EFCEA" bold="true" box="[279,415,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Lyrothorax</emphasis>
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Chaudoir, 1838
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C327655AFFA1BB77FF66FCBF9968FE02" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA1BB76FF66FCBF9E02FCAF" blockId="2.[151,771,867,892]" box="[151,771,867,892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
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<typeStatus id="54868873FFA1BB76FF66FCBF9DC8FCAF" box="[151,201,868,892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA1BB76FED7FCBF9F6CFCA8" authority="Menetries, 1832" authorityName="Menetries" authorityYear="1832" box="[294,621,867,891]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Feronia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspia">
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA1BB76FED7FCBF9CBEFCA8" box="[294,447,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Feronia caspia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B20FFA1BB76FE37FCB89F6CFCA8" author="Menetries, E." box="[454,621,867,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" pagination="1" refId="ref16460" refString="Menetries, E. (1832) Catalogue raisonne des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontieres actuelles de la Perse entrepris par ordre de S. M. l'Empereur. St. Petersbourg, l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, ii + (2) + 271 + iv + (1) pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51784" type="journal article" year="1832">Ménétriés, 1832</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA1BB76FF66FC729F9EFBFC" blockId="2.[151,1437,937,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA1BB76FF66FC729F63FC10" bold="true" box="[151,610,937,964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
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Recognition of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA1BB76FE8BFC719CF1FC10" baseAuthorityName="Menetries" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[378,496,937,964]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA1BB76FE8BFC719C8AFC17" bold="true" box="[378,395,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA1BB76FE6BFC729CF1FC10" bold="true" box="[410,496,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">caspius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex.
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</emphasis>
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Body subconvex (
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<figureCitation id="13062A54FFA1BB76FCC7FC729E7CFC10" box="[822,893,937,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,641,1484]" captionTargetId="figure-249@3.[151,1436,633,1493]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of lectotype and paralectotypes of P. caspius (Ménétriés, 1832), with labels including the handwritten bottom label by Ménétriés. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11615564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11615564/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13062A54FFA1BB76FC7DFC729E9DFC10" box="[908,924,937,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1236,1260]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,182,1213]" captionTargetId="figure-29@6.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus in dorsal view and pronotum increased, (a) P. caspius (Ménétriés, 1832) from Talysh, (b) P. fritzei sp. n. holotype, (c) P. vagus sp. n., from different localities, c1 holotype, c2 from Bylnice, Czech Republic. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11615568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11615568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">2</figureCitation>
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), medium sized (
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<quantity id="4CC59B34FFA1BB76FBAEFC7299DFFC10" box="[1119,1246,937,963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="10.0">10–16 mm</quantity>
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); pronotum lyreshaped (
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<figureCitation id="13062A54FFA1BB76FF03FC169C2FFC34" box="[242,302,973,999]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1236,1260]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,182,1213]" captionTargetId="figure-29@6.[151,1435,181,1213]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus in dorsal view and pronotum increased, (a) P. caspius (Ménétriés, 1832) from Talysh, (b) P. fritzei sp. n. holotype, (c) P. vagus sp. n., from different localities, c1 holotype, c2 from Bylnice, Czech Republic. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11615568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11615568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Fig 2</figureCitation>
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); dorsal and ventral side and appendages mostly black, sometimes brown, males slightly shiny, females dull. Strongly brachypterous, hind wings reduced to small scales of about length of antennomeres 2 and 3 together. Suture of elytra not fused. Appendages robust.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA1BB76FF36FBE29F8EFAD4" blockId="2.[151,1437,937,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Head subparallel; frontal impressions superficial; eyes small but convex; tempora about straight, about half as long as eye diameter, seen dorsally; mandibles robust; antennae short, reaching base of elytra; antennomere 1 robust, about as long as antennomere 3; base of antennomere 3 slightly depressed; antennomere 1 with one seta dorsally, antennomere 2 with one seta ventrally, antennomere 3 with a few apical setae; palpi long; ultimate labial palpomere fusiform; submentum with an anterior ridge, with two setae on each side. Microsculpture consisting of suppressed irregular meshes and micropores.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA1BB76FF36FAC99C66FA44" blockId="2.[151,1437,937,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Pronotum transverse, sides converging to base; with two setigerous pores, one pore in hind angle and one distinctly before middle; median line fine, reaching base; fore angles rounded, apical margin concavely excavated. Hind angles of pronotum right-angled, or weakly obtuse-angled and blunt at tip, or acute-angled and distinctly directed outwards.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA1BB76FF36FA7A9C30F9A3" blockId="2.[151,1437,937,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Elytra ovoid-elongate, humeri rounded; with parascutellar stria and pore puncture; striae distinct; three setigerous pores in interval 3, first adjacent to 3nd stria, next two ones adjacent to 2nd stria (sometimes 2nd pore adjacent to 3nd stria); first pore situated at about one fifth from base, 2nd one just behind middle, 3rd one at about one fourth from apex. 7th interval with two small pores near apex. Series umbilicata with 15–20 punctures, which are more distant from each other in the middle.Apical plica of epipleura present. Sutural angle simple, apex regularly rounded in both sexes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA1BB76FF36F9A2986DF90F" blockId="2.[151,1437,937,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Ventral side. Proepisterna, lateral sides of mesosternum, ventrites 3–5 densely punctured, ventrite 6 and 7 less densely punctured; metepisternum slightly longer than wide; metacoxae with two setae; abdominal ventrites with a pair of paramedian setae. Males with two setigerous pores, females with four such pores at apical margin of ventrite 7.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA1BB76FF36F93D9C00F894" blockId="2.[151,1437,937,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
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Legs of normal condition for a
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA1BB76FDD0F93E9FADF92C" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[545,684,1765,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA1BB76FDD0F93E9FADF92C" box="[545,684,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">Pterostichus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; male protarsomeres 1–3 strongly broadened, protarsomere 4 about as long as wide; mesofemora with three setae on hind margin; metafemora with two setae, onychium without setae ventrally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA1BB77FF36F88A9EA0FF06" blockId="2.[151,1437,937,2008]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">
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Median lobe of aedeagus robust, middle part bent at an angle of about 90 degrees to basal part. Endophallus is dorso-apically directed, not provided with a sclerotized plate as in the Japanese species, although some specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA1BB76FF45F8419C27F860" baseAuthorityName="Menetries" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[180,294,1946,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA1BB76FF45F8419DC4F860" box="[180,197,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA1BB76FF23F8419C27F860" box="[210,294,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="257">caspius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have some slight sclerotization on the same position, the gonopore piece is clearly longer, the preapical lobe is small, in all species is an ostium lobe present, the apical lobe is large, branched, one branch directed to the base and the branch in the basal part directed apically and in the apical part dorsally hooked, the median lobe of the endophallus as described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B20FFA0BB77FE28FF609F98FF06" author="Sasakawa, K." box="[473,665,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" pagination="188 - 193" refId="ref16709" refString="Sasakawa, K. (2009) Notes on two species of the subgenus Lyrothorax Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae; genus Pterostichus), Pterostichus amagisanus Tanaka and Ishida and Pterostichus fujitai Tanaka and Ishida. Entomological Science, 12, 188 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2009.00323. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Sasakawa (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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is in all species absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA0BB77FF36FF059968FE02" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FF36FF059C66FF2B" bold="true" box="[199,359,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Composition.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FE52FF049F15FF2B" baseAuthorityName="Menetries" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[419,532,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FE52FF049F15FF2B" box="[419,532,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P. caspius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex includes three Western Palaearctic species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FB85FF0499E4FF2B" baseAuthorityName="Menetries" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1140,1253,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
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<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FB85FF0499E4FF2B" box="[1140,1253,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P. caspius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FB04FF049852FF2A" authority="Muilwijk & Kataev & Wrase, 2024" authorityName="Muilwijk & Kataev & Wrase" authorityYear="2024" box="[1269,1363,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fritzei" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FB04FF049852FF2A" box="[1269,1363,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P. fritzei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FAADFF04989CFF2A" bold="true" box="[1372,1437,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57B8FFA0BB77FAADFF04989CFF2A" box="[1372,1437,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FF3BFED89C28FECF" authority="Muilwijk & Kataev & Wrase, 2024" authorityName="Muilwijk & Kataev & Wrase" authorityYear="2024" box="[202,297,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FF3BFED89C28FECF" box="[202,297,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P. vagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FEC5FED89C77FECE" bold="true" box="[308,374,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57B8FFA0BB77FEC5FED89C77FECE" box="[308,374,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The relationships of these species with Japanese species require special study (see Nemoto 1998;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B20FFA0BB77FF2FFEFC9F02FE92" author="Sasakawa, K. & Kubota, K." box="[222,515,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" pagination="100 - 109" refId="ref16771" refString="Sasakawa, K. & Kubota, K. (2007) Phylogeny and genital evolution of carabid beetles in the genus Pterostichus and its allied genera (Coleoptera: Carabidae) inferred from two nuclear gene sequences. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100, 100 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [100: pageoc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Sasakawa & Kubota 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B20FFA0BB77FDFEFEFC9FC0FE92" author="Sasakawa, K." box="[527,705,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" pagination="188 - 193" refId="ref16709" refString="Sasakawa, K. (2009) Notes on two species of the subgenus Lyrothorax Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae; genus Pterostichus), Pterostichus amagisanus Tanaka and Ishida and Pterostichus fujitai Tanaka and Ishida. Entomological Science, 12, 188 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2009.00323. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Sasakawa 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is worth noting that in the Japanese species the endophallus is elongated dorsally, with the distal half distinctly turned to the left; the gonopore opening is oriented anteroventrally to anteriorly. Some Japanese species have no ostium lobe, other species have a median lobe of the endophallus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B20FFA0BB77FF6EFE489CC8FE7E" author="Sasakawa, K. & Kubota, K." box="[159,457,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" pagination="100 - 109" refId="ref16771" refString="Sasakawa, K. & Kubota, K. (2007) Phylogeny and genital evolution of carabid beetles in the genus Pterostichus and its allied genera (Coleoptera: Carabidae) inferred from two nuclear gene sequences. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 100, 100 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2007) 100 [100: pageoc] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Sasakawa & Kubota 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B20FFA0BB77FE24FE489F89FE7E" author="Sasakawa, K." box="[469,648,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" pagination="188 - 193" refId="ref16709" refString="Sasakawa, K. (2009) Notes on two species of the subgenus Lyrothorax Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae; genus Pterostichus), Pterostichus amagisanus Tanaka and Ishida and Pterostichus fujitai Tanaka and Ishida. Entomological Science, 12, 188 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2009.00323. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Sasakawa 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further studies including molecular research should clear up if there is really a close relationship of the Japanese species to the West Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FC17FE6C9963FE02" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1838" box="[998,1122,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="274" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Lyrothorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FC17FE6C9963FE02" box="[998,1122,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Lyrothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327655AFFA0BB77FF36FE019871FDB2" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA0BB77FF36FE019871FDB2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FF36FE019C58FE27" bold="true" box="[199,345,474,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FDF9FE009F7BFE27" baseAuthorityName="Menetries" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[520,634,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FDF9FE009F18FE27" box="[520,537,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FDD7FE009F7BFE27" box="[550,634,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">caspius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex are flightless forest species associated mainly with Hyrcanian-type forests located in the Talysh region in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7641FFA0BB77FD83FE249FECFDCA" box="[626,749,511,537]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in the provinces bordering the Caspian Sea in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7641FFA0BB77FAD1FE249850FDCA" box="[1312,1361,511,537]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
. These forests are isolated by arid territories from the rest of Transcaucasia and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7641FFA0BB77FC35FDF8995EFDEE" box="[964,1119,547,573]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and by high mountain areas of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F9F833FFA0BB77FF2EFD9C9C2BFDB2" box="[223,298,583,609]" country="Iran" name="Alborz" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Elburz</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7641FFA0BB77FEBCFD9C9C7FFDB2" box="[333,382,583,609]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In recent years one of the species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FCFDFD9C9E68FDB3" authority="Muilwijk & Kataev & Wrase, 2024" authorityName="Muilwijk & Kataev & Wrase" authorityYear="2024" box="[780,873,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FCFDFD9C9E68FDB3" box="[780,873,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P. vagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FC81FD9C9EAEFDB2" bold="true" box="[880,943,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57B8FFA0BB77FC81FD9C9EAEFDB2" box="[880,943,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) was introduced in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7641FFA0BB77FB46FD9C986CFDB2" box="[1207,1389,583,609]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF426659FFA0BB77FF66FA379F6EF9FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11615564" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11615564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11615564/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" startId="3.[151,250,1516,1540]" targetBox="[159,1428,641,1484]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA0BB77FF66FA379F6EF9FB" blockId="3.[151,1436,1516,1577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FF66FA379C17F9D7" bold="true" box="[151,278,1516,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of lectotype and paralectotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FD10FA36990AF9D6" authority="(Menetries, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Menetries" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[737,1035,1517,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FD10FA369E49F9D7" box="[737,840,1517,1540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P. caspius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B20FFA0BB77FCA9FA369905F9D6" author="Menetries, E." box="[856,1028,1517,1541]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" pagination="1" refId="ref16460" refString="Menetries, E. (1832) Catalogue raisonne des objets de zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu'aux frontieres actuelles de la Perse entrepris par ordre de S. M. l'Empereur. St. Petersbourg, l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, ii + (2) + 271 + iv + (1) pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51784" type="journal article" year="1832">Ménétriés, 1832</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with labels including the handwritten bottom label by Ménétriés. Scale bar =10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327655AFFA0BB70FF36F98C9814FECE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA0BB77FF36F98C9987F8D2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1623,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FF36F98C9C35F9A2" bold="true" box="[199,308,1623,1649]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. In the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FE7CF9839F00F9A2" baseAuthorityName="Menetries" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[397,513,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FE7CF9839C9FF9A2" box="[397,414,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FE5CF9839F00F9A2" box="[429,513,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">caspius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex which members are all brachypterous, external characters such as shine on dorsum and features of pronotum vary widely between populations. We also assume that populations in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7641FFA0BB77FF66F9449C4DF96A" box="[151,332,1695,1721]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, representing an introduced species are based on few individuals, whereby founder effects could be expected. Certain specimens (especially females) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FD2DF91F9E4FF90E" baseAuthorityName="Menetries" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[732,846,1731,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FD2DF91F9FECF90E" box="[732,749,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FD0BF91F9E4FF90E" box="[762,846,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">caspius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FC73F91F9EDCF90E" authority="Muilwijk & Kataev & Wrase, 2024" authorityName="Muilwijk & Kataev & Wrase" authorityYear="2024" box="[898,989,1732,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FC73F91F9EDCF90E" box="[898,989,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P. vagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FC12F9189923F90E" bold="true" box="[995,1058,1731,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57B8FFA0BB77FC12F9189923F90E" box="[995,1058,1731,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Gilan and West Māzandarān are difficult to distinguish in some cases. For species identification, see identification key.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8236D1FFA0BB70FF36F8D09814FECE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1623,2009]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
|
||
Old material from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA0BB77FE39F8D79F3DF8F6" baseAuthorityName="Menetries" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[456,572,1803,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FE39F8D79CD8F8F6" box="[456,473,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA0BB77FE19F8D79F3DF8F6" box="[488,572,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">caspius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group includes specimens from “Transkaspia, Saramsakli” (without collector name, but maybe collected by F. Hauser). The locality Saramsakli occurs in different entomological works; in most papers Saramsakli is situated in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7641FFA0BB77FD4DF8889E5BF8BE" box="[700,858,1875,1901]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B20FFA0BB77FC97F8889936F8BD" author="Majer, K." box="[870,1079,1875,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" pagination="127 - 154" refId="ref16424" refString="Majer, K. (1988) A revision of the genus Dasytiscus Kiesenwetter, 1859 (Coleoptera, Melyridae, Dasytinae). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 78, 127 - 154." type="journal article" year="1988">Majer (1988: 135)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed Saramsakli in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7641FFA0BB77FAC7F8889862F8BE" box="[1334,1379,1875,1901]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
near Gorgan, but always as untraced, without an exact location. It is quite possible that “Saramsakli” means Saram sakli, where Saram is the name of the village in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F9F833FFA0BB77FD45F8409E3FF866" box="[692,830,1947,1973]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Māzandarān</collectingRegion>
|
||
and sakli (from the Georgian სახლი [sakhli] “house, building”), the name of a stone structure of the inhabitants of the Caucasus and the Middle East. Thus we suppose that “Saramsakli” (= Saram) is located in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F9F833FFA7BB70FD8DFF4C9E07FF62" box="[636,774,151,177]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Māzandarān</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Estakhr-e Posht Rural District, Hezarjarib District, Neka County) with coordinates:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE095016FFA7BB70FE39FF679F4CFF04" box="[456,589,188,215]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" precision="15" seconds="29" value="36.474724">36°28′29″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE095016FFA7BB70FDA7FF679FDAFF04" box="[598,731,188,215]" degrees="53" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" precision="15" seconds="56" value="53.482224">53°28′56″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC59B34FFA7BB70FCC1FF609E87FF06" box="[816,902,187,213]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||
west of Gorgan. The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA7BB70FB05FF609853FF07" authority="Muilwijk & Kataev & Wrase, 2024" authorityName="Muilwijk & Kataev & Wrase" authorityYear="2024" box="[1268,1362,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagus" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA7BB70FB05FF609853FF07" box="[1268,1362,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">P. vagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA7BB70FAAAFF60989CFF06" bold="true" box="[1371,1437,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57B8FFA7BB70FAAAFF60989CFF06" box="[1371,1437,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from “env. Kushka” in South East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7641FFA7BB70FDEFFF049FB8FF2A" box="[542,697,223,249]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
is probably based on mislabelling (see below under this species). Therefore, the occurrence of species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D52FFA7BB70FD8DFED89FEEFECF" baseAuthorityName="Menetries" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[636,751,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caspius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA7BB70FD8DFED89F8CFECF" box="[636,653,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B949EAC3FFA7BB70FD6AFED89FEEFECF" box="[667,751,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">caspius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A7641FFA7BB70FC8BFED89914FECE" box="[890,1045,259,285]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
requires confirmation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |