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<document id="28E91F3481BD3CB9D4D9A8C0BB3BB921" ID-CLB-Dataset="21326" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4763.2.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a9d8f99-4dd2-43ec-aca7-e8730de8cfdd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3974766" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1596728326215" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kottelat, Maurice" docDate="2020" docId="EE474450FFDDDA7BFF780986BCFDF9C2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4763.2.12.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4763 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aperioptus pictorius Richardson 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="297" masterDocId="127E3C28FFDDDA78FFBF0D4FBF65FFC8" masterDocTitle="Nomenclatural status and possible identity of Aperioptus pictorius (Teleostei Gonorynchidae [?] and Cobitidae)" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="294" pageNumber="294" updateTime="1698844175790" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D153457252FE069D527F611C15AC9713">Nomenclatural status and possible identity of Aperioptus pictorius (Teleostei Gonorynchidae [?] and Cobitidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="742DDA80D8F772EE9FA788B5A8DB3D9A">Kottelat, Maurice</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="EE474450FFDDDA7BFF780986BCFDF9C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4323646" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166240031" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4323646" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE474450FFDDDA7BFF780986BCFDF9C2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE474450FFDDDA7BFF780986BCFDF9C2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">
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<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FF780986BF95FB29" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[199,240,1225,1249]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">The</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="2EF4A6CDFFDDDA78FF480986BA07F8E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDDDA78FF480986BA74F959" blockId="0.[151,1437,721,1825]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">
usages of the name
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FE750986BD31FB28" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[458,596,1225,1248]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FE750986BD31FB28" box="[458,596,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are few and it has never been treated as an unambiguously valid species.
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FADA0986BE20FACD" author="Gunther, A." pageId="0" pageNumber="294" refId="ref4866" refString="Gunther, A. (1868) Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Vol. 7. British Museum, London, xx + 512 pp." type="book" year="1868">Günther (1868: 371)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned the name at the end of his account of the family
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FC7709A2BB55FACD" box="[968,1072,1261,1285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cobitidae</taxonomicName>
and merely commented “The fish has the form of a
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FEE9085EBE9AFAE1" box="[342,511,1297,1321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Lepidocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FEE9085EBE9AFAE1" box="[342,511,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Lepidocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the dorsal being placed far backwards, nearly opposite to the ventrals. But the mouth is represented as transverse, curiously lobed, and without barbels”.
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FCCB087ABB2BFA84" author="Vaillant, L." box="[884,1102,1332,1357]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 166" refId="ref5684" refString="Vaillant, L. (1902) Resultats zoologiques de l'expedition scientifique neerlandaise au Borneo central. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 24, 1 - 166, pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1902">Vaillant (1902: 145)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FB70087ABA3FFA84" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[1231,1370,1333,1356]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FB70087ABA3FFA84" box="[1231,1370,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when he tentatively placed his new
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FE660816BDF9FAB9" authorityName="Vaillant" authorityYear="1902" box="[473,668,1369,1393]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalomycter">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FE660816BDF9FAB9" box="[473,668,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Ap. megalomycter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the same genus (it is now
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FC630816BA67FAB9" baseAuthorityName="Vaillant" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[988,1282,1369,1393]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ellopostomatidae" genus="Ellopostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalomycter">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FC630816BA67FAB9" box="[988,1282,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Ellopostoma megalomycter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FA920816BF8AFA5D" authorityName="Bohlen &amp; Slechtova" authorityYear="2009" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ellopostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ellopostomatidae</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FF440832BD79FA5D" author="Bohlen, J. &amp; Slechtova, V." box="[251,540,1403,1429]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="157 - 162" refId="ref4781" refString="Bohlen, J. &amp; Slechtova, V. (2009) Phylogenetic position of the fish genus Ellopostoma (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) using molecular genetic data. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 20 (2), 157 - 162." type="journal article" year="2009">Bohlen &amp; Šlechtová, 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FD980832BDA3FA5D" author="Kottelat, M." box="[551,710,1405,1429]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref4896" refString="Kottelat, M. (2012) Conspectus cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 26, 1 - 199." type="journal article" year="2012">Kottelat, 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FD670832BC01FA5C" author="Popta, C. M. L." box="[728,868,1404,1428]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 304" refId="ref5299" refString="Popta, C. M. L. (1906) Resultats ichthyologique des voyages scientifiques de M. le professeur Dr. A. W. Nieuwenhuis dans le centre de Borneo (1898 et 1900). Notes from the Leyden Museum, 27 (1), 1 - 304, pls. 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1906">Popta (1906)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned the name in various lists, while
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FA840832BEFFFA71" author="Weber, M. &amp; de Beaufort, L. F." pageId="0" pageNumber="294" refId="ref5719" refString="Weber, M. &amp; de Beaufort, L. F. (1916) The fishes of the Indo-Australian archipelago. III. Ostariophysi: II Cyprinoidea, Apodes, Synbranchi. Brill, Leiden, xv + 455 pp." type="book" year="1916">Weber &amp; de Beaufort (1916: 238)</bibRefCitation>
reproduced Richardson’s description and commented that its systematic position was doubtful.
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FF28088ABE09FA15" author="Roberts, T. R." box="[151,364,1477,1501]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref5510" refString="Roberts, T. R. (1972) An attempt to determine the systematic position of Ellopostoma megalomycter, an enigmatic freshwater fish from Borneo. Breviora, 384, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1972">Roberts (1972: 2–3)</bibRefCitation>
commented “its identity may never be resolved” and “if they were freshwater they may have been cobitids”.
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FF5408A6BED4F9C9" author="Kottelat, M." box="[235,433,1513,1537]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref4896" refString="Kottelat, M. (2012) Conspectus cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 26, 1 - 199." type="journal article" year="2012">Kottelat (2012: 22</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FE0408A6BD42F9C9" author="Kottelat, M." box="[443,551,1513,1537]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 663" refId="ref4934" refString="Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 27, 1 - 663." type="journal article" year="2013">2013: 177</bibRefCitation>
) listed the name, with a question mark, as a possible junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FA9808A6BE65F9ED" authorityName="Van Hasselt" authorityYear="1823" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acantopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dialuzona">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FA9808A6BE65F9ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Acantopsis dialuzona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(erroneously influenced by its placement in
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FD5E0B42BC2CF9ED" box="[737,841,1549,1573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cobitidae</taxonomicName>
by Günther, Vaillant, Popta, Weber &amp; de Beaufort, and Roberts). Until that time,
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FE150B7EBD51F980" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[426,564,1585,1608]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FE150B7EBD51F980" box="[426,564,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was merely a nomen dubium, threatening no existing name and not a concern for any ichthyologist. Recently, however,
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FD8E0B1ABC01F9A4" author="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W." box="[561,868,1620,1645]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="179 - 181" refId="ref5231" refString="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W. (2015) Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991, and Aperioptus is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3962 (1), 179 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3962.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Page &amp; Tangjitjaroen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
argued that
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FC560B1ABB11F9A4" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[1001,1140,1621,1644]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FC560B1ABB11F9A4" box="[1001,1140,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FA920B1ABE81F959" authority="Siebert, 1991" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FA920B1ABE35F959" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Acanthopsoides molobrion</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FEE90B36BE81F959" author="Siebert, D. J." box="[342,484,1657,1681]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref5545" refString="Siebert, D. J. (1991) Revision of Acanthopsoides Fowler, 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), with the description of new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 38 (2), 97 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02905534" type="journal article" year="1991">Siebert, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="FED5E9C3FFDDDA78FE4C0B36BD5AF959" box="[499,575,1657,1681]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="1.[151,196,1829,1854]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,775,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[189,1399,775,1803]" captionText="FIG. 1. a. Gonorynchus abbreviatus, KAUM-I 53441, 68.0 mm SL; Japan: Kagoshima: Kawajiri (photograph by H. Motomura); b, Aperioptus pictorius, about 65 mm SL, from Richardson (1848: pl. 10 fig. 4); c, Acanthopsoides molobrion, CMK 21740, 44.0 mm SL; Borneo: Mahakam drainage; d, mouth of Ap. pictorius, from Richardson (1848: pl. 10 fig. 5). Vertical lines show the position of the origin of the pelvic, dorsal and anal-fin origins, and of the base of the last dorsal-fin ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3974770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3974770/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
), a freshwater fish from Borneo, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDDDA78FF780BD2BA07F8E8" blockId="0.[151,1437,721,1825]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FF780BD2BE9EF97C" author="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W." box="[199,507,1692,1717]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="179 - 181" refId="ref5231" refString="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W. (2015) Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991, and Aperioptus is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3962 (1), 179 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3962.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Page &amp; Tangjitjaroen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
displayed side-by-side the original figure of
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FC5E0BD2BBCCF97D" author="Richardson, J." box="[993,1193,1693,1717]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref5415" refString="Richardson, J. (1848) Fishes. In: Adams, A. (Ed.), The zoology of H. M. S. Samarang; under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, during the years 1843 - 1846. Reeve &amp; Benham, London, pp. 1 - 28, pls. 1 - 10." type="book chapter" year="1848">Richardson (1848)</bibRefCitation>
and a photograph of a fresh specimen of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FEE70B8EBD10F911" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[344,629,1729,1753]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FEE70B8EBD10F911" box="[344,629,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Acanthopsoides molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They pointed to differences (number of dorsal-fin rays, respective positions of the dorsal- and pelvic-fin origins) which, however, they dismissed.
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDDDA78FC2C0BAABBAFF934" author="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W." box="[915,1226,1764,1789]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" pagination="179 - 181" refId="ref5231" refString="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W. (2015) Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991, and Aperioptus is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3962 (1), 179 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3962.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Page &amp; Tangjitjaroen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention or discuss the many other important differences between Richardson’s illustration of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FBBA0A46BBEAF8E8" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[1029,1167,1801,1824]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FBBA0A46BBEAF8E8" box="[1029,1167,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDDDA78FB7C0A46BA3EF8E9" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[1219,1371,1801,1825]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDDDA78FB7C0A46BA3EF8E9" box="[1219,1371,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Ac. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF4A6CDFFDDDA7AFF280A3CBB8CFC02" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="0" pageNumber="294" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDDDA78FF280A3CBD9DF845" blockId="0.[151,1437,1907,2041]" box="[151,760,1907,1933]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">
The most obvious differences are shown on
<figureCitation id="FED5E9C3FFDDDA78FD390A3CBDA6F845" box="[646,707,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="1.[151,196,1829,1854]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,775,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[189,1399,775,1803]" captionText="FIG. 1. a. Gonorynchus abbreviatus, KAUM-I 53441, 68.0 mm SL; Japan: Kagoshima: Kawajiri (photograph by H. Motomura); b, Aperioptus pictorius, about 65 mm SL, from Richardson (1848: pl. 10 fig. 4); c, Acanthopsoides molobrion, CMK 21740, 44.0 mm SL; Borneo: Mahakam drainage; d, mouth of Ap. pictorius, from Richardson (1848: pl. 10 fig. 5). Vertical lines show the position of the origin of the pelvic, dorsal and anal-fin origins, and of the base of the last dorsal-fin ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3974770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3974770/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
b–c:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDDDA78FF780AD6BEF8F81D" blockId="0.[151,1437,1907,2041]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">(1) the dorsal and pelvic fins are at about two-thirds the distance from the tip of the snout to the base of the caudal fin (vs. at about midlength);</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDDDA78FF780AAEBAF3F831" blockId="0.[151,1437,1907,2041]" box="[199,1430,2017,2041]" pageId="0" pageNumber="294">(2) the dorsal-fin origin is distinctly behind the vertical through the pelvic-fin origin (vs. above or slightly in front).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDCDA79FF780DD5BD21FED5" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
After the head and the caudal fin, the dorsal, pelvic and anal fins are the first landmarks when drawing a fish, especially a very slender fish, and it is hard to imagine that an experienced artist would not have displayed correctly the location and relative positions of the dorsal and pelvic fins (compare
<figureCitation id="FED5E9C3FFDCDA79FC3F0DADBB42FF32" box="[896,1063,226,250]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="1.[151,196,1829,1854]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,775,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[189,1399,775,1803]" captionText="FIG. 1. a. Gonorynchus abbreviatus, KAUM-I 53441, 68.0 mm SL; Japan: Kagoshima: Kawajiri (photograph by H. Motomura); b, Aperioptus pictorius, about 65 mm SL, from Richardson (1848: pl. 10 fig. 4); c, Acanthopsoides molobrion, CMK 21740, 44.0 mm SL; Borneo: Mahakam drainage; d, mouth of Ap. pictorius, from Richardson (1848: pl. 10 fig. 5). Vertical lines show the position of the origin of the pelvic, dorsal and anal-fin origins, and of the base of the last dorsal-fin ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3974770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3974770/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Figs. 1a and 1b</figureCitation>
). This rules out the possibility that
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FF280C49BE69FED5" authorityName="J.Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,268,262,285]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FF280C49BE69FED5" box="[151,268,262,285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Aperioptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be an
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FE2B0C49BD58FED6" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[404,573,262,286]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FE2B0C49BD58FED6" box="[404,573,262,286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDCDA79FF780C65BC00FE3E" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
Richardson’s description does not mention the presence of the main external diagnostic characters of the family
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FACB0C65BF87FEAE" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cobitidae</taxonomicName>
, the suborbital spine and the 6 barbels; nor are these characters indicated in the figure. The spine is sharp and difficult to ignore when handling the fish, and both Richardson and the artist would likely have noted it, if present. Although Richardson observed the mouth and commented that it “is restricted on the sides by membranous processes”, he did not mention barbels and the drawing does not show any structures identifiable as barbels. Thus, there is no external character to support identification of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FE040C91BD20FE3D" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[443,581,478,501]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FE040C91BD20FE3D" box="[443,581,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a member of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FD490C91BC04FE3E" box="[758,865,478,502]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cobitidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDCDA79FF780F4DBA41FDA9" blockId="1.[151,1437,154,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
Richardson had experience of other species of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FD060F4DBC44FDD2" box="[697,801,514,538]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cobitidae</taxonomicName>
(e.g., in
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDCDA79FCC00F4DBB58FDD2" author="Richardson, J." box="[895,1085,514,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" pagination="187 - 320" refId="ref5359" refString="Richardson, J. (1846) Report on the ichthyology of the seas of China and Japan. Reports of the meetings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1845, 187 - 320. [1846] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59530" type="journal article" year="1846">Richardson, 1846</bibRefCitation>
): they are a well known component of the European ichthyofauna. If the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FD4C0F69BC1BFDF5" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[755,894,550,573]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FD4C0F69BC1BFDF5" box="[755,894,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been a cobitid, he would have recognised the unmistakable mouth of a cobitid and the suborbital spine, which characters are all present in
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FBCA0F05BA7BFDAA" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[1141,1310,586,610]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FBCA0F05BA7BFDAA" box="[1141,1310,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDCDA79FF280FDFBB67FD63" blockId="1.[151,1436,656,754]" box="[151,1026,656,683]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
Further differences between the figure of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FDD60FDFBD9FFD62" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[617,762,656,682]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FDD60FDFBD9FFD62" box="[617,762,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FC8F0FDFBCB4FD62" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[816,977,656,682]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FC8F0FDFBCB4FD62" box="[816,977,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Ac. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDCDA79FF780FF9BF87FD3A" blockId="1.[151,1436,656,754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
(3) the eye is relatively much larger in
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FDD60FF9BD96FD05" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[617,755,694,717]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FDD60FF9BD96FD05" box="[617,755,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, about 1.8 times in snout length (vs. about 3 times in
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FA8B0FF9BFB4FD3A" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FA8B0FF9BFB4FD3A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Ac. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</paragraph>
<caption id="3291A5CEFFDCDA79FF280A6ABBB6F862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3974770" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3974770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3974770/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" startId="1.[151,196,1829,1854]" subCaptionStartIDs="1.[924,955,1865,1890] 1.[1169,1200,1901,1926]" subCaptionStarts="fig. 4 &amp; fig. 5" targetBox="[189,1399,775,1796]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDCDA79FF280A6ABBB6F862" blockId="1.[151,1437,1829,1962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FF280A6ABF9BF8F6" bold="true" box="[151,254,1829,1854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">FIG. 1. a.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FEBB0A6ABD6FF8F5" authorityName="Temminck &amp; Schlegel" authorityYear="1846" box="[260,522,1829,1853]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gonorynchidae" genus="Gonorynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gonorynchiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FEBB0A6ABD6FF8F5" box="[260,522,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Gonorynchus abbreviatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, KAUM-I 53441, 68.0 mm SL;
<collectingCountry id="1EF9B5D6FFDCDA79FCEB0A69BCF7F8F5" box="[852,914,1830,1853]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Japan</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="A42A3BA4FFDCDA79FC240A6ABB77F8F6" box="[923,1042,1829,1854]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
: Kawajiri (photograph by
<collectorName id="CB1B9090FFDCDA79FAA20A69BFCBF8A9" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">H. Motomura</collectorName>
);
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FF7F0A05BFB1F8AA" bold="true" box="[192,212,1866,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">b,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FF650A05BECDF8A9" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[218,424,1866,1889]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FF650A05BECDF8A9" box="[218,424,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Aperioptus pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, about
<quantity id="A11658A3FFDCDA79FE4D0A06BD52F8A9" box="[498,567,1865,1890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
SL, from
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDCDA79FD220A06BC30F8A9" author="Richardson, J." box="[669,853,1865,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref5415" refString="Richardson, J. (1848) Fishes. In: Adams, A. (Ed.), The zoology of H. M. S. Samarang; under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, during the years 1843 - 1846. Reeve &amp; Benham, London, pp. 1 - 28, pls. 1 - 10." type="book chapter" year="1848">Richardson (1848</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 10 fig. 4);
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FC5A0A05BC92F8AA" bold="true" box="[997,1015,1866,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">c,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FC430A06BA69F8A9" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[1020,1292,1865,1889]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FC430A06BA69F8A9" box="[1020,1292,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Acanthopsoides molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CMK 21740, 44.0 mm SL; Borneo: Mahakam drainage;
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FDF40A21BD3AF84E" bold="true" box="[587,607,1902,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">d,</emphasis>
mouth of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDCDA79FD770A21BC2EF84D" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[712,843,1902,1925]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDCDA79FD770A21BC2EF84D" box="[712,843,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDCDA79FC300A22BB2DF84D" author="Richardson, J." box="[911,1096,1901,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref5415" refString="Richardson, J. (1848) Fishes. In: Adams, A. (Ed.), The zoology of H. M. S. Samarang; under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, during the years 1843 - 1846. Reeve &amp; Benham, London, pp. 1 - 28, pls. 1 - 10." type="book chapter" year="1848">Richardson (1848</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 10 fig. 5). Vertical lines show the position of the origin of the pelvic, dorsal and anal-fin origins, and of the base of the last dorsal-fin ray.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF780DF1BA6BFF1E" blockId="2.[151,1437,190,970]" box="[199,1294,190,214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">(4) the eye is centred distinctly anterior to the middle of head length (vs. approximately at the middle);</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF780DAEBEF1FED6" blockId="2.[151,1437,190,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">(5) the eye is directed laterally (vs. dorsolaterally), its upper margin below the dorsal profile in lateral view (vs. flush with the dorsal profile);</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF780C65BB0DFE89" blockId="2.[151,1437,190,970]" box="[199,1128,298,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">(6) the lower rim of the eye is level with (vs. conspicuously above) the tip of the snout;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF780C01BB4AFE1A" blockId="2.[151,1437,190,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">(7) the pectoral fin is slightly falcate, inserted laterally; its base is vertical, the upper extremity of the base being about level with the upper extremity of the gill opening, its lower extremity clearly above the ventral profile of the body (vs. the pectoral fin is rounded, inserted ventrally, extending laterally, its base situated entirely at the level of the lower extremity of the gill opening; in lateral view, the fin usually protrudes below the ventral profile);</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF780C91BCDEFDF6" blockId="2.[151,1437,190,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">(8) the outline of the dorsal fin is approximately squarish (vs. distinctly rounded) and the length of the dorsal-fin base is about half (vs. about one third) the distance between the origins of the dorsal and anal fins and 1.8 (vs. about 2.5) times in the distance from the origin of the anal fin and the base of the caudal fin;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF780F05BBF3FD06" blockId="2.[151,1437,190,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
(9) the anal fin has a longer base and 11 rays according to the text (vs. short, with 3 unbranched and 5 branched rays [in the descriptions of other small cypriniforms, Richardson did not distinguished between unbranched and branched rays, and he often counted the unbranched rays only as 1, so that the actual number in
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFC570FDDBB14FD61" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[1000,1137,658,681]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFC570FDDBB14FD61" box="[1000,1137,658,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was probably more than 11; e.g., compare data on
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFE3D0FF9BC76FD06" authority="in Richardson, 1857: 377" authorityName="in Richardson" authorityPageNumber="377" authorityYear="1857" box="[386,787,693,718]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Squalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cii">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFE3D0FF9BE9AFD05" box="[386,511,694,718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Squalius cii</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDFDA7AFD9E0FF9BC76FD06" author="Richardson, J." box="[545,787,693,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" pagination="371 - 377" refId="ref5480" refString="Richardson, J. (1857) On some fish from Asia Minor and Palestine. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 24, 371 - 377." type="journal article" year="1857">Richardson, 1857: 377</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDFDA7AFCF80FF9BBE7FD06" author="Stoumboudi, M. T. &amp; Kottelat, M. &amp; Barbieri, R." box="[839,1154,694,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" pagination="129 - 146" refId="ref5598" refString="Stoumboudi, M. T., Kottelat, M. &amp; Barbieri, R. (2006) The fishes of the inland waters of Lesbos Island, Greece. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 17 (2), 129 - 146." type="journal article" year="2006">Stoumboudi et al., 2006: 137</bibRefCitation>
]);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF780F95BC2CFC96" blockId="2.[151,1437,190,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
(10) there is no colour mark at the base of the caudal fin (vs. a conspicuous black spot at the upper extremity of the base of the caudal fin) [in most genera and species of the suborder
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFCE60FB1BCA9FCDE" box="[857,972,766,790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cobitoidei">Cobitoidei</taxonomicName>
, the presence and shape of the black pattern at the base of the caudal fin is a diagnostic feature; it is the most conspicuously marked element of the colour pattern, and it persists even in poorly preserved and old museum specimens];
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF780E25BEF7FC6E" blockId="2.[151,1437,190,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">(11) there is no suborbital spine and Richardson did not mention its presence (vs. present, and obvious when specimens are manipulated);</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF780EFDBB8CFC02" blockId="2.[151,1437,190,970]" box="[199,1257,946,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">(12) there are no barbels and Richardson did not mention their presence (vs. three pairs of barbels).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2EF4A6CDFFDFDA7BFF280EB5BCFDF9C2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF280EB5BFBBFB0E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1017,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDFDA7AFF280EB5BEA3FBD9" author="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W." box="[151,454,1017,1042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" pagination="179 - 181" refId="ref5231" refString="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W. (2015) Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991, and Aperioptus is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3962 (1), 179 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3962.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Page &amp; Tangjitjaroen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
argued that some of the differences between the drawing published by Richardson and actual specimens of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFE920951BEADFBFE" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[301,456,1054,1078]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFE920951BEADFBFE" box="[301,456,1054,1078]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Ac. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might owe to a lack of accuracy of the figure. I cannot agree. All the drawings on the 10 plates in
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDFDA7AFF49090DBED9FB92" author="Richardson, J." box="[246,444,1090,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref5415" refString="Richardson, J. (1848) Fishes. In: Adams, A. (Ed.), The zoology of H. M. S. Samarang; under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, during the years 1843 - 1846. Reeve &amp; Benham, London, pp. 1 - 28, pls. 1 - 10." type="book chapter" year="1848">Richardson (1848)</bibRefCitation>
are excellent and were evidently executed by an experienced illustrator. Why then, would just the drawing of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFE860929BEA7FBB5" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[313,450,1126,1149]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFE860929BEA7FBB5" box="[313,450,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
be unreliable? Also, if the model before him were in fact an
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFBF70929BB94FBB6" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[1096,1265,1126,1150]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFBF70929BB94FBB6" box="[1096,1265,1126,1150]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is difficult to imagine that even a less experienced artist would deliver a sketch containing such major differences as thoses enumerated above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF78099DBC7FFAB2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1017,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Richardson’s figure also shows a close-up of the mouth. This means that he had examined the specimens with sufficient attention to notice what he considered to be an important feature, justifying a close-up figure, a description, and the creation of a new genus. It seems unlikely that the artist would take the trouble and time to make this drawing without having been asked by Richardson. However, given that this was merely a sketch, not checked by Richardson against the specimens, not much importance can be given to the details.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7AFF7808C9BC2EF952" blockId="2.[151,1437,1017,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDFDA7AFF7808C9BE99FA55" author="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W." box="[199,508,1413,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" pagination="179 - 181" refId="ref5231" refString="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W. (2015) Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991, and Aperioptus is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3962 (1), 179 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3962.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Page &amp; Tangjitjaroen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
commented that «the number of [dorsal-fin] rays drawn by the artist could have been incorrect». But the number could just as well have been correct… They counted about 9–10 rays in the figure, Richardson reported 13. Species of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFE7D0881BD0EFA2E" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[450,619,1486,1510]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFE7D0881BD0EFA2E" box="[450,619,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 3 unbranched and 7 or 8 branched dorsal-fin rays (
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDFDA7AFB730881BA05FA2E" author="Siebert, D. J." box="[1228,1376,1486,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" pagination="97 - 114" refId="ref5545" refString="Siebert, D. J. (1991) Revision of Acanthopsoides Fowler, 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae), with the description of new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 38 (2), 97 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02905534" type="journal article" year="1991">Siebert, 1991</bibRefCitation>
). The fact that Richardson’s count possibly differs from the illustration may suggest that he made the count before the artist executed the drawing. However, this is only a speculation. I count about 11 or 12 branched and 3 unbranched rays in the figure. Richardson possibly did not count the minute unbranched rays at dorsal-fin origin; if he had counted the rays on an
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFF280B11BE25F9BE" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,320,1630,1654]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFF280B11BE25F9BE" box="[151,320,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a similar way, he could have missed the two minute anterior unbranched rays and hence given a count of 8 or 9. See also discussion of the count of anal-fin rays above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDFDA7BFF780BE9BA0DFF7A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1017,2014]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,154,1222]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDFDA7AFF780BE9BE9FF975" author="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W." box="[199,506,1701,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" pagination="179 - 181" refId="ref5231" refString="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W. (2015) Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991, and Aperioptus is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3962 (1), 179 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3962.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Page &amp; Tangjitjaroen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
justified their decision to identify
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFCD20BE9BC92F975" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[877,1015,1702,1725]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFCD20BE9BC92F975" box="[877,1015,1702,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFB840BE9BB81F976" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[1083,1252,1702,1726]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFB840BE9BB81F976" box="[1083,1252,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows: “The figured specimen is long and slender with a somewhat elongated snout and many small black spots on the upper side of the head to the caudal peduncle. All these characters are consistent with those of species now assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFF280A5DBE25F8E2" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,320,1810,1834]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFF280A5DBE25F8E2" box="[151,320,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and “other characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFD340A5DBC51F8E2" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[651,820,1810,1834]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFD340A5DBC51F8E2" box="[651,820,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[…] that are consistent with the drawing of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFAA70A5DBAF3F8E1" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[1304,1430,1810,1833]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFAA70A5DBAF3F8E1" box="[1304,1430,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">A. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, include a terete body, slender caudal peduncle, moderately long snout—2 to 2.5 times in head length, and a symmetrical and emarginated caudal fin”. They also commented on characters “that appear inconsistent with those of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFB5A0A15BA15F8BA" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[1253,1392,1882,1906]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFB5A0A15BA15F8BA" box="[1253,1392,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">A. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and all other species of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFED70A31BD74F85E" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[360,529,1918,1942]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFED70A31BD74F85E" box="[360,529,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include the number of dorsal rays [… however …] the number of rays drawn by the artist could have been incorrect. Also [… in
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFDCB0AEDBC78F872" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[628,797,1954,1978]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFDCB0AEDBC78F872" box="[628,797,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
…] the origin of the dorsal fin is slightly before to over the origin of the pelvic fin, but the figure of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDFDA7AFDFD0A89BDDBF815" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[578,702,1990,2013]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDFDA7AFDFD0A89BDDBF815" box="[578,702,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">A. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows the origin of the dorsal fin behind the origin of the pelvic fin”. The number of dorsal-fin rays and the respective positions of the dorsal- and pelvic-fin origins are discussed above.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF780DF1BC81FE89" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDEDA7BFF780DF1BE9DFF1D" author="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W." box="[199,504,189,214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" pagination="179 - 181" refId="ref5231" refString="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W. (2015) Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991, and Aperioptus is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3962 (1), 179 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3962.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Page &amp; Tangjitjaroen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
discounted the substantial difference in the respective positions of the dorsal and pelvic fins, they ignored the absence of the characters diagnostic for the family
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFC270DADBB67FF32" box="[920,1026,226,250]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cobitidae</taxonomicName>
, they did not pay attention to the many differences mentioned above, and they speculated that the difference in the number of dorsal-fin rays was a result of the number not being clear in the figure or that the artist might have made an error.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF780C01BEF5FDF5" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
Of the similaries between
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFE5D0C01BD32FEAD" authorityName="J.Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[482,599,334,357]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFE5D0C01BD32FEAD" box="[482,599,334,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Aperioptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFD330C01BC50FEAE" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[652,821,334,358]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFD330C01BC50FEAE" box="[652,821,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only the following remain: the slender body, the slender caudal peduncle, the somewhat elongated snout, the black dots on the body, and the emarginate caudal fin. This combination of features is shared by many fish species in many families. How much weight can these be given, against the several gross differences involving anatomical features easily seen on the drawing, as detailed above? The identification of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFAC70CF5BF93FE3D" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFAC70CF5BF93FE3D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFE840C91BE81FE3E" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[315,484,478,502]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFE840C91BE81FE3E" box="[315,484,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not based on the more informative taxonomic characters; indeed, the authors do not even mention those diagnostic of the family
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFDCB0F4DBDB9FDD2" box="[628,732,514,538]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cobitidae</taxonomicName>
or of the genus. It is certain that the fish figured by Richardson is not an
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFF5F0F69BEECFDF6" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[224,393,550,574]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFF5F0F69BEECFDF6" box="[224,393,550,574]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF780F05BBC3FD05" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<materialsCitation id="D686FF1BFFDEDA7BFF780F05BBC5FD05" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831002301" country="Malaysia" location="Sarawak" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" specimenCount="2">
The identification of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFE140F05BD53FDA9" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[427,566,586,609]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFE140F05BD53FDA9" box="[427,566,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the species level as
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFC930F05BCA3FDAA" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[812,966,586,610]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFC930F05BCA3FDAA" box="[812,966,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Ac. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not based on characters but solely on the
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFF280F21BFA0FD4E" box="[151,197,622,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">type</typeStatus>
locality “Borneo”, and the conjectures that this means the
<collectingCountry id="1EF9B5D6FFDEDA7BFC8C0F21BCEAFD4E" box="[819,911,622,646]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
River, that it is a freshwater fish, and that there is only a single species of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFE2B0FDDBD58FD62" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[404,573,658,682]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFE2B0FDDBD58FD62" box="[404,573,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from
<collectingCountry id="1EF9B5D6FFDEDA7BFD740FDDBC4FFD62" box="[715,810,658,682]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, and that this is
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFC6C0FDDBB3AFD62" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[979,1119,658,682]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFC6C0FDDBB3AFD62" box="[979,1119,658,682]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">A. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See Appendix 1 for information on the
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFEAF0FF9BE5BFD06" box="[272,318,694,718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">type</typeStatus>
locality. See Appendix 2 for information on the possible identity of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFBA90FF9BBC5FD05" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[1046,1184,694,717]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFBA90FF9BBC5FD05" box="[1046,1184,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF780F95BB63FCF2" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDEDA7BFF780F95BE9EFD39" author="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W." box="[199,507,729,754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" pagination="179 - 181" refId="ref5231" refString="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W. (2015) Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991, and Aperioptus is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3962 (1), 179 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3962.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Page &amp; Tangjitjaroen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
concluded: “the name seems to be a senior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFBE50F95BB8DFD3A" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[1114,1256,730,754]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFBE50F95BB8DFD3A" box="[1114,1256,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">A. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[...], and the
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFAC60F95BFBFFCDE" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFF420FB1BEEFFCDE" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[253,394,766,790]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFF420FB1BEEFFCDE" box="[253,394,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">A. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[...] is here designated as the
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFD770FB1BC79FCDE" box="[712,796,766,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFCFF0FB1BCD9FCDD" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[832,956,766,789]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFCFF0FB1BCD9FCDD" box="[832,956,766,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">A. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. Nowhere did they mention a possible need for the
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFF5B0E6DBE5DFCF2" box="[228,312,802,826]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
and what would be the consequences of not designating a
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFC150E6DBB67FCF2" box="[938,1026,802,826]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF780E09BB75FC02" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<materialsCitation id="D686FF1BFFDEDA7BFF780E09BB69FC02" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831002302" location="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="neotype">
This
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFF420E09BE34FC96" box="[253,337,838,862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designation is invalid, however, because it does not satisfy the conditions set by the
<location id="6331A39DFFDEDA7BFB6A0E09BEA9FC4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE474450FFDDDA7BFF780986BCFDF9C2:6331A39DFFDEDA7BFB6A0E09BEA9FC4A" name="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</location>
, art. 75.3, which states that “a
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFC9F0E25BC11FC4A" box="[800,884,874,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is validly designated when there is an exceptional need and only when that need is stated expressly and when the designation is published with the following particulars:” These particulars must all be satisfied for the designation to be valid. They include
</materialsCitation>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF780E9ABB8CFB92" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
“75.3.1. a statement that it is designated with the express purpose of clarifying the taxonomic status [....] of a nominal taxon”. There is no such statement in
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDEDA7BFD9C0EB5BC31FBD9" author="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W." box="[547,852,1017,1042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" pagination="179 - 181" refId="ref5231" refString="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W. (2015) Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991, and Aperioptus is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3962 (1), 179 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3962.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Page &amp; Tangjitjaroen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
. Further, since they identified
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFB2C0EB5BA79FBD9" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[1171,1308,1018,1041]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFB2C0EB5BA79FBD9" box="[1171,1308,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Ap. pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFF0C0951BE39FBFE" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[179,348,1054,1078]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFF0C0951BE39FBFE" box="[179,348,1054,1078]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and since they asserted that there is only one species of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFC190951BB2AFBFE" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[934,1103,1054,1078]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFC190951BB2AFBFE" box="[934,1103,1054,1078]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="1EF9B5D6FFDEDA7BFBD10951BBA8FBFE" box="[1134,1229,1054,1078]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, then it means there was no confusion at the moment the synonymy was accepted, then the “exceptional need” did not exist.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF78092ABE79FB0D" blockId="3.[151,1437,154,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
“75.3.5. evidence that the
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFE650929BD4BFBB6" box="[474,558,1126,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is consistent with what is known of the former name-bearing type from the original description [...];” The differences stated by
<bibRefCitation id="027F88B7FFDEDA7BFDDF09C5BCF5FB69" author="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W." box="[608,912,1161,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" pagination="179 - 181" refId="ref5231" refString="Page, L. M. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W. (2015) Aperioptus pictorius Richardson, 1848 is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides molobrion Siebert 1991, and Aperioptus is a senior synonym of Acanthopsoides Fowler 1934 (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3962 (1), 179 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3962.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Page &amp; Tangjitjaroen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
, as well the many listed above, show that this was not the case.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF280856BE52FAFA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1304,1546]" box="[151,311,1304,1331]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">In conclusion:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF280871BBE4FAB2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1304,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
(1) the
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFF5B0871BE5DFA9E" box="[228,312,1342,1366]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designation does not satisfy art. 75.3.1 (absence of need, absence of statement) and 75.3.5 (not consistent with original description), thus art. 75.3 is not satisfied and the
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFC84082DBCEAFAB2" box="[827,911,1378,1402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designation is invalid;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF7808C9BE34FA2E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1304,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
(2)
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFF5108C9BEACFA55" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[238,457,1414,1437]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictorius">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFF5108C9BEACFA55" box="[238,457,1414,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Aperioptus pictorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not a species of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFD2708C9BC24FA56" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[664,833,1414,1438]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFD2708C9BC24FA56" box="[664,833,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and hence [since the
<typeStatus id="B9554BE4FFDEDA7BFB9508C9BB1BFA56" box="[1066,1150,1414,1438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
designation is shown here to be invalid] cannot be a senior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFD3E08E5BC7FFA0A" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[641,794,1450,1474]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFD3E08E5BC7FFA0A" box="[641,794,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Ac. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(corollary:
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFC2508E5BB6AFA09" authorityName="J.Richardson" authorityYear="1848" box="[922,1039,1450,1473]" family="Cobitidae" genus="Aperioptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFC2508E5BB6AFA09" box="[922,1039,1450,1473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Aperioptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore not a senior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFF280881BE25FA2E" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,320,1486,1510]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFF280881BE25FA2E" box="[151,320,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6651F546FFDEDA7BFF7808BDBCFDF9C2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1304,1546]" box="[199,920,1522,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
(3) the names of the taxa
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFE6908BDBD1AF9C2" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[470,639,1522,1546]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFE6908BDBD1AF9C2" box="[470,639,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Acanthopsoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A1EE8EC5FFDEDA7BFD0C08BDBC25F9C2" authorityName="Siebert" authorityYear="1991" box="[691,832,1522,1546]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Acanthopsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molobrion">
<emphasis id="549A2954FFDEDA7BFD0C08BDBC25F9C2" box="[691,832,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">A. molobrion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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