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<document id="0479C72236E877ED15D5D54FE355150D" ID-CLB-Dataset="56269" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85d55564-632a-4561-8028-a7a8cf3f5de7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162357" ID-ZooBank="88714F9C-0EE5-4295-9988-3CEEF242489D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1689748270342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turner, Thomas L. &amp; Lonhart, Steve I." docDate="2023" docId="464C87844260FFCBFF1DFEA6FD43FCB5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5318.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5318 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5318.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hymeniacidon fusiformis Turner &amp; Lonhart 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="182" masterDocId="BA75FFFC427EFFD4FF8AFFECFFD1FD64" masterDocTitle="The Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles Marine Protected Area" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="181" updateTime="1699543835761" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="C4E8A9AB41E7C42F63DE4DAEF2604618" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F78A087060B541BFCE3089DB77619FD3">
<mods:title id="457F2713493981F1CE071674BB3BE1A3">The Sponges of the Carmel Pinnacles Marine Protected Area</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C7A810AE9A2D784D63894E5505AAA3AB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EC2768241B646DABEC07E096FD6289B2">
<mods:roleTerm id="CF1DD924DE0407941311C95C9FDD2D74">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9673AB82C7339027684C7ECF3289454B">Turner, Thomas L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D6A3D3BC102045D8BE26409153449B19">Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="32572F0581291C9789B955D9D9B2C844">Lonhart, Steve I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F50B3D14296D83F60E3667D458FED2F5" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5559-792X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4CC5FDA2063B294342C01B5EA720FD6B">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, National Ocean Service, NOAA, Santa Cruz, California, USA. steve. lonhart @ noaa. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5559 - 792 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0598F6954FD06BFFF5B2E5390E084D03" type="email">steve.lonhart@noaa.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5C2EF893E59289F6FAD9449CCC7E797A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1F54AD071C49AD62D77B0C0F45A3E8C8">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="892C2A1588F1E2DDAC5379C956C066FD">2023-07-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F280146D00EFAD555DA5D10C1DB30F37">5318</mods:number>
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<treatment id="464C87844260FFCBFF1DFEA6FD43FCB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162439" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212416125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:464C87844260FFCBFF1DFEA6FD43FCB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/464C87844260FFCBFF1DFEA6FD43FCB5" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<subSubSection id="86FF65194260FFCAFF1DFEA6FDE0FC01" box="[151,561,330,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924260FFCAFF1DFEA6FDE0FC01" blockId="30.[151,561,330,393]" box="[151,561,330,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<heading id="951281FE4260FFCAFF1DFEA6FDE0FC01" bold="true" box="[151,561,330,357]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804260FFCAFF1DFEA6FDE0FC01" bold="true" box="[151,561,330,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114260FFCAFF1DFEA6FE1DFC00" ID-CoL="48f50122-1305-4fee-987f-affef482aec6" authority="Turner &amp; Lonhart, 2023" authorityName="Turner &amp; Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,460,330,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fusiformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804260FFCAFF1DFEA6FE1DFC00" bold="true" box="[151,460,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Hymeniacidon fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E7A257FB4260FFCAFE59FEA7FDE0FC01" box="[467,561,331,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194260FFCAFF1DFE83FE9FFCED" box="[151,334,367,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" type="description">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924260FFCAFF1DFE83FE9FFCED" blockId="30.[151,561,330,393]" box="[151,334,367,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<figureCitation id="56DE2A174260FFCAFF1DFE83FEDFFCED" box="[151,270,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1856,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,853,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-323@28.[151,1436,849,1833]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 18. Maximum likelihood phylogenies for the Halichondriidae. A: 28S locus, B: cox1 locus. Genbank accession numbers are shown; bold indicates new sequences. Node confidence is based on bootstrapping. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162413/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Figures 18</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="56DE2A174260FFCAFEB8FE83FE9FFCED" box="[306,334,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1980,2004]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,993,1957]" captionTargetId="figure-298@30.[153,1434,993,1957]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hymeniacidon fusiformis. A: field photo. B: cross-section at sponge surface. C: ectosomal skeleton. D: oxea. All images of holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162419/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194260FFCAFF1DFE5AFEB4FC91" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924260FFCAFF1DFE5AFEB4FC91" blockId="30.[151,1437,438,969]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804260FFCAFF1DFE5AFE57FCB4" bold="true" box="[151,390,438,464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="7E8D3CCF4260FFCAFE18FE5BFEB4FC91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4161966335" collectionCode="CASIZ, IZC" elevation="17" latitude="36.55852" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-121.9682" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" specimenCode="CASIZ236657, IZC00048452" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="115E88304260FFCAFE18FE5BFE2EFCB5" box="[402,511,439,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94260FFCAFD85FE5AFD65FCB5" box="[527,692,438,465]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">CASIZ236657</specimenCode>
/
<specimenCode id="9E439EE94260FFCAFD36FE5AFC8AFCB5" box="[700,859,438,465]" collectionCode="IZC" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">IZC00048452</specimenCode>
, Inner Carmel Pinnacle, (
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554260FFCAFB07FE5AFB2AFCB5" box="[1165,1275,438,465]" degrees="36.55852" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" precision="1" value="36.55852">36.55852</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ABD150554260FFCAFA86FE5BFA41FCB5" box="[1292,1424,439,465]" degrees="121.96820" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" precision="1" value="-121.9682">-121.96820</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="091D9B774260FFCAFF1DFE37FF2DFC91" box="[151,252,475,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" unit="m" value="17.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="45C8D1A14260FFCAFF1DFE37FF2DFC91" box="[151,252,475,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" unit="m" value="17.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="10.0">10–24 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 9/22/21.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194260FFCAFF4DFE13FB0BFEAD" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924260FFCAFF4DFE13FD2EFF7D" blockId="30.[151,1437,438,969]" box="[199,767,511,537]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804260FFCAFF4DFE13FE9FFF7D" bold="true" box="[199,334,511,537]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for its slightly fusiform styles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924260FFCAFF4DFDCFFD5AFFE1" blockId="30.[151,1437,438,969]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804260FFCAFF4DFDCFFEB0FF59" bold="true" box="[199,353,547,573]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Morphology.</emphasis>
Growing as an irregular mass, thickly encrusting with many projecting fingers and lobes, heavily fouled by hydroids and other animals. Sampled portion is
<quantity id="091D9B774260FFCAFC92FDABFC9FFF05" box="[792,846,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
thick, but sponge was thicker in life. Firm and barely compressible; oscules and pores not evident.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924260FFCAFF4DFD62FC98FE71" blockId="30.[151,1437,438,969]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804260FFCAFF4DFD62FEE4FFCC" bold="true" box="[199,309,654,680]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Choanosome a chaotic halichondrid reticulation with vague multispicular tracts meandering towards the surface. Spicule density high; spongin not apparent. Ectosome a dense mat of tangential styles approximately 200 μm thick, unstructured in some regions, and patterned into a semi-regular mesh in other regions. Large subectosomal spaces present, bridged by spicule tracts to support ectosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE5A36924260FFCAFF4DFCF2FB0BFEAD" blockId="30.[151,1437,438,969]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804260FFCAFF4DFCF2FEE1FE5C" bold="true" box="[199,304,798,824]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Spicules.</emphasis>
Styles: most are very slightly fusiform, so that they are thicker in the center than near the head of style. Length and width are both highly variable; distributions are continuous but bimodal, 186–281–409 x 4–10–18 μm (n=345), length modes 260 and 330 μm, width modes 8 and 13 μm. When spicule preps are done separately for ectosome and choanosome, no differences are found in spicule sizes by domain: ectosome 217–286–372 x 4–11–18 μm (n=68), choanosome 206–285–370 x 6–10–18 μm (n=62), Wilcoxon rank-sum test p = 0.863.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="9A9A661A4260FFCAFF1DF850FEB0FA9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8162419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8162419/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" startId="30.[151,250,1980,2004]" targetBox="[153,1434,993,1957]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924260FFCAFF1DF850FEB0FA9C" blockId="30.[151,1436,1980,2040]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804260FFCAFF1DF850FEC8FAB0" bold="true" box="[151,281,1980,2004]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">FIGURE 20</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FC91EA804260FFCAFEACF850FDFCFAB0" box="[294,557,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114260FFCAFEACF850FDFBFAB0" authorityName="Turner &amp; Lonhart" authorityYear="2023" box="[294,554,1980,2004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fusiformis">Hymeniacidon fusiformis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A: field photo. B: cross-section at sponge surface. C: ectosomal skeleton. D: oxea. All images of holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194261FFCBFF4DFF7AFC6CFDD5" box="[199,957,150,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924261FFCBFF4DFF7AFC6CFDD5" blockId="31.[151,1437,150,465]" box="[199,957,150,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFF4DFF7AFE20FDD4" bold="true" box="[199,497,150,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Known only from the Carmel Pinnacles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86FF65194261FFCBFF4DFF57FD43FCB5" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CE5A36924261FFCBFF4DFF57FD43FCB5" blockId="31.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFF4DFF57FEEAFDB1" bold="true" box="[199,315,187,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Remarks.</emphasis>
Of the three
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114261FFCBFE52FF57FDAAFDB1" box="[472,635,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFE52FF57FDAAFDB1" box="[472,635,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Hymeniacidon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from the region,
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114261FFCBFC17FF57FB66FDB1" authority="(Ristau, 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Ristau" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[925,1207,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="actites">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFC17FF57FBDAFDB0" box="[925,1035,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">H. actites</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634261FFCBFB94FF57FB7EFDB1" author="Ristau, D. A." box="[1054,1199,187,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="569 - 589" refId="ref26193" refString="Ristau, D. A. (1978) Six new species of shallow-water marine demosponges from California. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91, 569 - 589." type="journal article" year="1978">Ristau, 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114261FFCBFB78FF57FE87FD9D" authority="de Laubenfels 1932" authorityName="de Laubenfels" authorityYear="1932" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ungodon">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFB78FF57FAA9FDB1" box="[1266,1400,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">H. ungodon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634261FFCBFA08FF57FE87FD9D" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref25222" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81, 1 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">de Laubenfels 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
have much smaller spicules, with less variation in spicule dimensions.
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114261FFCBFB1CFF33FE82FC79" authority="(Montagu, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFB1CFF33FA4CFD9D" box="[1174,1437,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Hymeniacidon perlevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA744B634261FFCBFF15FEEFFE9AFC79" author="Montagu, G." box="[159,331,259,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="67 - 122" refId="ref25558" refString="Montagu, G. (1818) An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, 2, 67 - 122." type="journal article" year="1818">Montagu, 1818</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
have spicules of similar length, and also have high variation in spicule length. However,
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114261FFCBFAA9FEEFFA4CFC79" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1315,1437,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFAA9FEEFFA4CFC79" box="[1315,1437,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">H. perlevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spicules vary little in width and are not fusiform. The new species also differs from
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114261FFCBFBB9FECBFB7FFC25" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1075,1198,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFBB9FECBFB7FFC25" box="[1075,1198,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">H. perlevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in coloration: though
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114261FFCBFF1DFEA7FEC5FC01" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[151,276,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFF1DFEA7FEC5FC01" box="[151,276,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">H. perlevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be yellow, orange, or red, it is not known to occur in white. Finally,
<taxonomicName id="09E54D114261FFCBFBD3FEA7FB04FC01" baseAuthorityName="Montagu" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1113,1237,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlevis">
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFBD3FEA7FB04FC01" box="[1113,1237,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">H. perlevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spicules differ in having a unimodal distribution for both length and width, and being significantly smaller in the ectosome than the choanosome. These species are also genetically differentiated at the
<emphasis id="FC91EA804261FFCBFC1EFE7FFC6FFCC9" box="[916,958,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">28S</emphasis>
locus, as shown in figure 18. It is unlikely that this species can be identified in the field.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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