170 lines
18 KiB
XML
170 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F0E0C695B094A4C9FBDCC183148B1123">Phylogeny and biogeography of Asthenopodinae with a revision of Asthenopus, reinstatement of Asthenopodes, and the description of the new genera Hubbardipes and Priasthenopus (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7095988E839EE53778319689683BA3AA">Molineri, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C4B622C2AE1385E9847459E9A9D1BE9">Salles, Frederico F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="96B4444B6B70BF65892D9BAFF8A2BBBF">Peters, Janice G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AEE3B6FC2D75CD0A0008635BB4E23BA5">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="778FBD17DE71B482C339112A7FB916A1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D1610B0CEE494BF445B2B344D0BBE85D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.478.8057</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1EF68868080D76C5C0BA2F3DE7CDCCE1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058050" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6EDB4C4E-8A74-47F6-9B8A-E7955DFADA2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1EF68868080D76C5C0BA2F3DE7CDCCE1" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="19" pageNumber="64" scope_family="Polymitarcyidae" scope_order="Ephemeroptera" scope_subFamily="Campsurinae">
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<subSubSection id="582F0BB25CC7174802A0DD562993D48C" pageId="19" pageNumber="64" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="965414022E1FE71FA385A67D604DC590" pageId="19" pageNumber="64">Taxon classification Animalia Ephemeroptera Polymitarcyidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="015987399A164F2274A5C3099D9AF441" pageId="19" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2D9336E092C09788B05F92F84D5DA94C" pageId="19" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="3CC912FDDE0484F9EEFBEC0E4AE004A8" LSID="http://zoobank.org/6EDB4C4E-8A74-47F6-9B8A-E7955DFADA2E" genus="Priasthenopus" lsidName="Priasthenopus" pageId="19" pageNumber="64" rank="genus">Priasthenopus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2AB90FD4AE7EC4AACFCB557C3A25C09C" pageId="19" pageNumber="64">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 8, 20E
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F99C91F6C5FE14FCF62397B905E11C7A" pageId="20" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CBD5C6D0C4E42F2560A92E6757BC8F32" pageId="20" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="99ECE40ED237E0865038662C05A7BC06" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="72BFAEDADF0B3E1076C1466BAFF8E649" pageId="20" pageNumber="65" start="start">Asthenopus</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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(partim)
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<bibRefCitation id="9E1FAEE29BB655765F27AA8E66186120" author="Dominguez, E" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso" pageId="51" pageNumber="96" pagination="21 - 26" title="Asthenopusgilliesi sp. n. y su importancia en la taxonomia de la subfamilia Asthenopodinae (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)." volume="19" year="1988">
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<normalizedToken id="CB3511950CAA9D441740A1B56DA1B00A" originalValue="Domínguez">Dominguez</normalizedToken>
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1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 21;
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<bibRefCitation id="78BAD4F59BDBE501D378C4E483B35DA7" author="Hubbard, MD" journalOrPublisher="The Florida Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="97" pagination="207 - 210" title="Synonymy of the neotropical mayfly genera Asthenopus and Asthenopodes (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae: Asthenopodinae)." url="10.2307/3495369" volume="71" year="1988">
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Hubbard and
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<normalizedToken id="F5B82E6E73FCCA8AB7D32773E5A3CE09" originalValue="Domínguez">Dominguez</normalizedToken>
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1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 207.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6AE902022FDA43DA5A5B17CE7E6AF651" pageId="20" pageNumber="65" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="1892B1137A4A745F8481303D598309AC" pageId="20" pageNumber="65">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A4A8AA1349325016E1D681C4527B9A4C" pageId="20" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="155C265CE72EEEC9F9F89AEF10033842" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus gilliesi" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilliesi">Asthenopus gilliesi</taxonomicName>
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Dominguez, 1988 (original designation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="51E859AC8DBD6EEBE134839AA53B14B6" pageId="20" pageNumber="65" type="species included">
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<paragraph id="129C68670812AC1698B1E7F5CB365F03" pageId="20" pageNumber="65">Species included.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="221025442ED0ADBF2188C776B0B141E1" pageId="20" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="0FA11EE5D3E587FD7BD776BECE5443E8" genus="Priasthenopus" lsidName="Priasthenopus gilliesi" pageId="20" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="gilliesi">Priasthenopus gilliesi</taxonomicName>
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(Dominguez), 1988 comb. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="24FDCF5B0D51CE467EFFA65EBAEF4331" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="20" pageNumber="65" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="92CD4E8CFDCACF25B90B3C4FE0EFE153" pageId="20" pageNumber="65">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A9456ACECD6D2AFA650DE08319DAC37F" pageId="20" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="567B0EA4B07BBD5E3F5672B6B3F26EED" genus="Priasthenopus" lsidName="Priasthenopus" pageId="20" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">Priasthenopus</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. presents seven autapomorphies in our cladistic analysis (Appendix 2), six are variations in continuous characters (e.g., stoutter penis lobe and larger thumb) and the seventh is the presence of a short closed cleft between the aforementioned structures. This genus can be distinguished from the other by the following combination of characters: 1) ratio length male FW/foreleg = 1.6-2.0; 2) first tarsal segment subquadrate not fused with tibia (Fig. 20E); 3) pronotum width/length ratio: 2.1-2.5 (male), 2.6 (female); 4) 5-10 marginal intercalary veins present on the margin of FW (Figs 8F, H), about as long as the distance between longitudinal veins in male, slightly longer in female, HW without marginal intercalaries; 5) male FW with 1 cross vein between Rs and MA basal to Rs fork (2 in female); 6) vein MP1 basally free (types from Uruguay and specimens from Colombia, Fig. 8D) or tending to fuse, although not completely, with MP2 (in specimens from Bolivia, Fig. 8E), IMP basally free; 7) median remnant of styliger plate rectangular thin and convex posteriorly, pedestals rectangular (Fig. 8A); 8) ratio total length/basal width of forceps 6.3-7.3 (Fig. 8A); 9) penes relatively short with a similar width along their length, strongly curved, without apical spine or spine very slightly marked as a subapical indentation, thumb rounded (Figs 8
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<normalizedToken id="4576D5BD2048E3DA617ED63E4A3E9764" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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); 10) female sternum VIII with well distinguishable anteromedian sockets (Figs 8J); 11) eggs with relatively large polar caps formed by 14-16 long threads (Fig. 8K), chorion loosely covered by medium-sized and small circular plates (Fig. 8L).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="990762261B7255BBED1DD543EC2993F4" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="20" pageNumber="65">
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Male imago. Length (mm): body, 5.0-8.0; forewing, 5.7-8.4; hind wing, 2.6-3.9; foreleg, 3.1-4.5; cerci, 19.0-25.0. Pronotum width/length: 2.1-2.5. Wings (Figs 8
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<normalizedToken id="795105D8981890972B1DED1BED5BE130" originalValue="D–G">D-G</normalizedToken>
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). FW with 5-10 marginal intercalary veins (Fig. 8F), each imv is about as long as the distance between corresponding longitudinal veins; vein MP2 basally free (Fig. 8D) or base directed towards MP1 (but not completely fused with it, Fig. 8E); IMP basally free; 1 cross vein present between Rs and MA basal to Rs fork. HW without marginal intercalaries (Fig. 8G). Legs. Forelegs about half the length of FW, middle and hind legs reduced in length and poorly sclerotized but with all the segments present and distinguishable. Genitalia (Figs 8
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<normalizedToken id="2FC07ADFD72365EA25898953E63AD6CA" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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): median remnant of styliger plate rectangular, thin and convex posteriorly, pedestals rectangular and relatively small (Fig. 8A); 1-segmented forceps, ratio total length/basal width 6.3-7.3 (Fig. 8A); penes (Figs 8
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<normalizedToken id="A2CB352D58F80887E48F78C7C4A32EB5" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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) relatively short with a similar width along their length, strongly curved medially, and
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<pageBreakToken id="B2E7203870F397F3FB61EF8F36CA8FD9" pageId="21" pageNumber="66" start="start">without</pageBreakToken>
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apical spine. Cerci long and well developed, terminal filament extremely reduced as common in the family.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2ACF947F1DEA7EC9019EA6A765AB5577" pageId="21" pageNumber="66">
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Female adult. Length (mm): body, 6.5; FW, 8.9; HW, 3.3; cerci, 1.5. Pronotum ring-like. Wing venation (Figs 8
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<normalizedToken id="DBAAABD8770227D0417F30DA4FA869E3" originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
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) similar to male except FW with 2 cross vein between Rs and MA basal to Rs fork (arrows in Fig. 8H). Abdominal sternum 8 with anteromedian pair of small sockets (Fig. 8J). Cerci short, about 0.2 the length of FW.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BBD2125E404CE592A4C1EF7F1F42AF8D" pageId="21" pageNumber="66">
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Eggs (Figs 8
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<normalizedToken id="ED9C8E4720F952D8C3329668BE08B6FA" originalValue="K–L">K-L</normalizedToken>
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). Length, 240-275
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<normalizedToken id="2EDFFD89856406C598915B5DB274BCE8" originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
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; width, 150-165
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<normalizedToken id="081031871934E2B6167509A4A9B90751" originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
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. Two large polar caps (maximum width, 140-185
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<normalizedToken id="89C4DE64D314BB8234DA2BA72D9475C0" originalValue="µ">µ</normalizedToken>
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), formed by 14-16 very long coiled threads. The caps are as wide as or wider than the egg. Chorionic surface with medium sized and small subcircular disks.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="AC295DB9CB883F7A60E36CCF68F6EAEB" pageId="21" pageNumber="66">
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<paragraph id="34CBC84EB6CB471C149477AD3ABA9BE6" pageId="21" pageNumber="66">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName id="2DAB84D58741ED1B3356C47E7924F169" genus="Priasthenopus" lsidName="Priasthenopus gilliesi" pageId="21" pageNumber="66" rank="species" species="gilliesi">Priasthenopus gilliesi</taxonomicName>
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, adults and egg. Male imago: A genitalia, v.v. (Colombian specimen) B penes (Bolivian specimen) C penes (Uruguayan paratype)
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<normalizedToken id="0CF0C12CF1421B742A78E8DA00DCC4B7" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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FW detail of base (arrows indicate veins IMP and MP2) F detail of FW, posterior margin G hind wing. Female subimago: H forewing I hind wing J sternum VIII and detail of sockets (s). Egg (SEM): K general view L detail of cap and chorion, LD = large disks, SD = small disks.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="537ED929B67333CE718010C537E51120" pageId="21" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="617A14A88E09230C41625649D16E7878" pageId="21" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="14F42A66F6D1141E2DB20ED0D666F4AC" pageId="21" pageNumber="66">Arbitrary combination of letters.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FED0F16273E3C192756B52839A230277" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="21" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="EC844EC89092CC9E7B9EB4908BD63EA7" pageId="21" pageNumber="66">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ADF24BB67E46F864A7945EB7183CF9CF" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="21" pageNumber="66">
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Treating this sole species in a new genus, distinct from
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<taxonomicName id="5D0A65D51B48F944C9206E2E9EC84E85" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="7F98D658AC3D929F164711D884ACE080" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" start="start">Asthenopus</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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is justified by its phylogenetic position (sister to the clade
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<taxonomicName id="994E7FB75BBAF13791F1FC583324F54F" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Povilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Povilla" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Povilla</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName id="F423B9337EC4E162B8FBECA621CB670E" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asthenopus</taxonomicName>
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). The other possibility to fit taxonomy to phylogeny would be to synonymize the entire clade (including
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<taxonomicName id="418F0F9B2F1F6D25BDE94CDFF8DF32CD" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Povilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Povilla" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Povilla</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="726D837725D679021C960260791F6293" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Languidipes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Languidipes" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Languidipes</taxonomicName>
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besides
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<taxonomicName id="95BF5ECA936C169D9B9E905E2689D952" lsidName="gilliesi" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="gilliesi">gilliesi</taxonomicName>
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) in
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<taxonomicName id="27F39E6CD9C6E9B47AE49284957B9D1D" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asthenopus</taxonomicName>
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. This is the scheme apparently presented by
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<bibRefCitation id="CF3010678314921BAF1F8C8A94E3C660" author="Kluge, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Kluwer" pageId="52" pageNumber="97" title="The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera" year="2004">Kluge (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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but this seems inadequate to us because of relatively large morphological gaps between the groups (including characters from eggs, nymphs and adults of both sexes). Furthermore, we tested
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<taxonomicName id="98C360F748E075719A2960B2CF7B531E" genus="Priasthenopus" lsidName="Priasthenopus gilliesi" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="gilliesi">Priasthenopus gilliesi</taxonomicName>
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position considering the hypotethical situation that its nymphs (still unknown) be identical to
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<taxonomicName id="2AB9828D65436D6831AD2FF7AD8F252C" class="Insecta" family="Polymitarcyidae" genus="Asthenopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asthenopus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asthenopus</taxonomicName>
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s.s., since male genitalia of both groups are similar. Even so, there were no changes in the resulting tree. The description of female adults and eggs is an original contribution of this work that gives additional diagnostic characters to genus level.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |