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<document id="7B3963A078AC432B975B7AB17A08FFEF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2459.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5313324" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629675236324" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hodgson, Chris &amp; Miller, Dug" docDate="2010" docId="306D87D1FFA6670E00A425ACFB50FB5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02459p101.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2459 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2459.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Apiococcus singularis Hempel" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="CC54FFA9FFB4671B0033253BFFADFFB1" masterDocTitle="A Review of the Eriococcid Genera (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of South America 2459" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1699094185522" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="85F6C8DBFCD73AF5E8FA41DC15CEE207">A Review of the Eriococcid Genera (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of South America 2459</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="C01DCF9D461824A7F4DE308D5051BD47">Hodgson, Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="257DCB6EBFB2EAAB3FD822DDCAC678FE">Miller, Dug</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="13A21E10F9EF9879262A80AF94591B98">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B6D77EEA849AC89179412A2EB52CCDC9">
<mods:date id="C026B96E086F2B5F833E5F7D9ADDEC75">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2C826B9D38143F43D0AACA27F97394CE">2010-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A2429A2396FDDC7773CC0ED986F6E4F9" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EF880FE6A1356B4A3D5BB44083AE6F42">2459</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="27D730DCFD2594F08B482C3E8AD97716">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2459.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5EA67DEE710B0559BB9373BA51E76986">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1B779696319E0E6A03409C99C31351D2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2459.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C91F6611A4A7DEC3A54B1A8A4DA861FC" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="859F08CC841B6A638BC187B90384FDA5" type="Zenodo-Dep">5313324</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="306D87D1FFA6670E00A425ACFB50FB5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321426" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:306D87D1FFA6670E00A425ACFB50FB5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/306D87D1FFA6670E00A425ACFB50FB5D" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="F0DE654CFFA6670900A425ACFDA4FF00" box="[151,521,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA6670900A425ACFDA4FF00" blockId="18.[151,521,151,177]" box="[151,521,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="E33381ABFFA6670900A425ACFDA4FF00" bold="true" box="[151,521,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="7FC44D44FFA6670900A425ACFDA4FF00" authority="Hempel" authorityName="Hempel" box="[151,521,151,177]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Gloeodendraceae" genus="Apiococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Tetrasporales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="singularis">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670900A425ACFDA4FF00" bold="true" box="[151,521,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670900A425ACFE0DFF00" bold="true" box="[151,416,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Apiococcus singularis</emphasis>
Hempel
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0DE654CFFA6670900A425DBFCB3FE8E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA6670900A425DBFDF3FF46" blockId="18.[151,606,224,247]" box="[151,606,224,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="7FC44D44FFA6670900A425DBFDF7FF46" authority="Hempel, 1900: 403" authorityName="Hempel" authorityPageNumber="403" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,602,224,247]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Gloeodendraceae" genus="Apiococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Tetrasporales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="singularis">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670900A425DBFE2EFF46" box="[151,387,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Apiococcus singularis</emphasis>
Hempel, 1900: 403
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA6670900A4241EFCB3FE8E" blockId="18.[151,1436,293,1999]" box="[151,798,293,319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670900A4241EFE20FE8E" bold="true" box="[151,397,293,319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">First-Instar Nymph</emphasis>
(considered to be female) (
<figureCitation id="20FF2A42FFA6670902FC241EFCB8FE8E" box="[719,789,293,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,256,1910,1934]" captionTargetBox="[262,1344,189,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-82@19.[218,1365,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. Apiococcus singularis Hempel. First-instar nymph, probably female, where A1 = dorsal setose seta; A2 = marginal and dorsal broad spinose setae; B = dorsal microtubular duct; C = dorsal loculate pore; E = enlarged dermal spinules; G = dorsal view of anal area; H = ventral view of anal area; P = spiracle with loculate pores; W = metathoracic leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5313348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5313348/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0DE654CFFA6670900F52471FC4FF87E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA6670900F52471FEDCFE1E" blockId="18.[151,1436,293,1999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670900F52471FE11FED5" bold="true" box="[198,444,330,356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670901E72471FE4CFED5" bold="true" box="[468,481,330,356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">&quot;</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="08AC3C9AFFA6670901D22471FEC0FE1E" collectionCode="USNM" country="Brazil" location="Myrtaceous" municipality="Ypiranga" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670901D22471FD93FED5" bold="true" box="[481,574,330,356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="677F8865FFA6670901D22471FD9CFED5" box="[481,561,330,356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Types</typeStatus>
&quot;
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670902652471FD6BFED5" bold="true" box="[598,710,330,356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<collectingCountry id="C0D37657FFA6670902652471FD6BFED5" box="[598,710,330,356]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="7A00F825FFA6670902ED2471FCF2FED5" box="[734,863,330,356]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="581FACBDFFA6670903472471FC4CFED5" box="[884,993,330,356]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ypiranga</collectingMunicipality>
, on
<location id="BD1B601CFFA6670904172471FB03FED5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:306D87D1FFA6670E00A425ACFB50FB5D:BD1B601CFFA6670904172471FB03FED5" box="[1060,1198,330,356]" country="Brazil" municipality="Ypiranga" name="Myrtaceous" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Myrtaceous</location>
shrub, 1900, coll. unknown (
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA66709012B244BFEDBFE3B" box="[280,374,368,394]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
): 1/5 first-instar nymphs: 2ff (one in good condition, other very poor) +
<quantity id="7F3C9B22FFA6670904D9244BFA85FE3B" box="[1258,1320,368,394]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="3.0">3mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="7F3C9B22FFA667090509244BFAC4FE3B" box="[1338,1385,368,394]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
fair condition, 1 poor)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA6670900F52481FBB4FE65" blockId="18.[151,1436,293,1999]" box="[198,1049,442,468]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670900F52481FE61FE65" bold="true" box="[198,460,442,468]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Unmounted material</emphasis>
. Body elliptical and clear yellow (Hempel, 1900).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA6670900F524E4FBC1FE4B" blockId="18.[151,1436,293,1999]" box="[198,1132,479,506]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670900F524E4FE04FE48" bold="true" box="[198,425,479,505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mounted material</emphasis>
. Body oval. Length about 310–350 µm, width 155–180 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA6670900F5273EFBDBFBC5" blockId="18.[151,1436,293,1999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670900F5273EFE86FDAE" bold="true" box="[198,299,517,543]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dorsum</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="08AC3C9AFFA667090173273EFBDFFBC5" collectionCode="I, III, II, IV" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
Derm membranous, with enlarged dermal spinules medially, these particularly obvious on meso- and metathorax and abdominal segments
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670902E72711FD73FDF5" box="[724,734,554,580]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
–
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670902DD2711FCA0FDF5" box="[750,781,554,580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">III</collectionCode>
; smaller ones present medially elsewhere. Dorsal setae of
<specimenCount id="AEC2FD4EFFA667090085276BFEA3FDDB" box="[182,270,592,618]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
: (i) spinose and broad, with a rather rounded surface posteriorly, becoming more convex anteriorly; each about 6.5–7 µm wide, with a narrow basal socket and each raised slightly on a small membranous prominence: in 2 submedial lines, with a pair on abdominal segment
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA66709038827A1FC69FD05" box="[955,964,666,692]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
plus pairs on each thoracic segment and posteriorly on head; and (ii) setose setae, each 8–13 µm long, as follows: in a pair of mid-dorsal lines, 1 pair per segment on abdomen and thorax, and with 4 pairs on head; also with pairs of submarginal setae on abdominal segments
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670901A22631FE08FC95" box="[401,421,778,804]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">II</collectionCode>
–
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670901872631FE7EFC95" box="[436,467,778,804]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">IV</collectionCode>
; possibly absent elsewhere. Macrotubular ducts absent. Microtubular ducts rather large, with an oval, strongly sclerotised, apparently bilocular, pore at the end of a short outer ductule; each duct about 6–7 µm long, with a short inner ductule; distribution uncertain but perhaps rather random, with a pair on abdominal segments
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670901D62641FE43FC25" box="[485,494,890,916]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
–
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670901CD2641FDB1FC25" box="[510,540,890,916]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">IV</collectionCode>
, 1 or 2 on most thoracic segments and a few on head. Loculate pores each 3– 4 µm wide and with 5 loculi, in 2 transverse rows across abdominal segment
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA667090400269BFB92FC0B" box="[1075,1087,928,954]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
, with (on each side) 11 or 12 along anterior margin and 7 or 8 along posterior margin. Anal lobes absent or rounded, membranous; without microtubular ducts; each with a long apical flagellate seta of unknown length; marginally with 2 or 3 pairs of spinose setae between long apical setae, each about 8 µm long. Anus on posterior apex, slightly oval, membranous, without an anal ring or anal ring setae; width 8 µm; with 2 rather spinose setae on either side (each about 6.5–12 µm long) plus a much longer seta, length unknown as all broken
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA6670900F52144FB7FFA9E" blockId="18.[151,1436,293,1999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670900F52144FE89FB28" bold="true" box="[198,292,1151,1177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae spinose, similar in shape to those on dorsum but perhaps slightly smaller, each 6– 7 µm wide and on a distinct membranous prominence; anterior setae becoming more convex and cone-like; with 4 between eyespots, 4 on each side between eyes and point opposite anterior spiracles, 2 on each side laterally between anterior spiracles and abdomen and with 1 on each side of abdominal segments
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA66709056221CBFAF6FABB" box="[1361,1371,1264,1290]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
–
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA66709055821CBFA35FABB" box="[1387,1432,1264,1290]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">VII</collectionCode>
. Eyespots large and oval, greatest width 11–13 µm, situated on margin near base of antennae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA6670900F52001FAF3F9CE" blockId="18.[151,1436,293,1999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA6670900F52001FEB5FAE5" bold="true" box="[198,280,1338,1364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm membranous. With 2 or 3 pairs of long flagellate setae between antennae (each about 18–20 µm long); with rather shorter setae mesad to meso- and metacoxae (11–17 µm long) and even shorter mesad to procoxae; also with a pair of setae medially on abdominal segments
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670903C620BEFBA7FA2E" box="[1013,1034,1413,1439]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">II</collectionCode>
–
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA66709042820BEFBE5FA2E" box="[1051,1096,1413,1439]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">VII</collectionCode>
, each about 6–10 µm long. Submarginal setae hairlike, with a seta on each side of abdominal segments
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670904642091FBCCFA75" box="[1111,1121,1450,1476]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
–
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670904412091FB32FA75" box="[1138,1183,1450,1476]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">VII</collectionCode>
, 2 laterally between spiracles and with 3 on head; also with a submedial line of very short setae (length 2–3 µm) on abdomen (as on
<taxonomicName id="7FC44D44FFA66709008F20CEFEE2F9BF" box="[188,335,1525,1550]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Gloeodendraceae" genus="Apiococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Tetrasporales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="gregarius">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA66709008F20CEFEE2F9BF" box="[188,335,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. gregarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with 1 seta on each side of segments
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA66709031720CEFC83F9BE" box="[804,814,1525,1551]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
–
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA66709030D20CEFCC4F9BE" box="[830,873,1525,1551]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">VII</collectionCode>
. Microtubular ducts apparently similar to those on dorsum: distribution uncertain but with some submedially on abdomen, in each thoracic segment and near eyespot. Loculate pores with mainly 5 loculi: with 2 or 3 immediately laterad of each peritreme, possibly in small cavity; also with 3 or 4 pores on abdominal segment
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA66709037A235EFCFEF9CE" box="[841,851,1637,1663]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
between margin and each posterior spiracle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA6670900F523B1FC4FF87E" blockId="18.[151,1436,293,1999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Antennae 6 segmented, total length 83–88 µm long; setal distribution: scape 2; pedicel 1 + a campaniform sensillum; segment
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670901B2238BFE33F97B" box="[385,414,1712,1738]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">III</collectionCode>
3;
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670901F7238BFE4EF97B" box="[452,483,1712,1738]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">IV</collectionCode>
1;
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA667090239238BFDB2F97B" box="[522,543,1712,1738]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
1 fleshy setae + 3 setose setae and
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA6670903F1238BFC4CF97B" box="[962,993,1712,1738]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">VI</collectionCode>
3 fleshy setae + about 4 setose setae; apical seta about 35 µm long. Clypeolabral shield particularly large, about 80 µm long; labium perhaps 2 segmented; with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles very small, width of peritreme about 3 µm wide; spiracles surrounded by an oval area, perhaps a shallow cavity. Legs well developed; lengths: metathoracic leg (µm): coxa 31–33; trochanter + femur 59–63; tibia + tarsus 65–68; claw 15–18; tibia generally subequal to or slightly shorter than tarsus; setae: coxae 4 or 5, trochanter 2, femur 2, tibia 4, tarsus 3; long trochanter seta 45 µm long; tarsal campaniform sensillum present; claw with a distinct denticle; tarsal digitules on all legs capitate and equal in size; claw digitules both fine and longer than claw.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="ECBB664FFFA7670800A4224DFF12F841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5313348" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5313348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5313348/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[151,256,1910,1934]" targetBox="[262,1344,189,1878]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA7670800A4224DFF12F841" blockId="19.[151,1436,1910,2032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA7670800A4224DFEB6F83F" bold="true" box="[151,283,1910,1934]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7FC44D44FFA767080110224CFDD4F83C" authority="Hempel." authorityName="Hempel." box="[291,633,1910,1934]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Gloeodendraceae" genus="Apiococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Tetrasporales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="singularis">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA767080110224CFDB8F83F" box="[291,533,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apiococcus singularis</emphasis>
Hempel.
</taxonomicName>
First-instar nymph, probably female, where A
<subScript id="24403482FFA76708044422BEFBD3F823" attach="left" box="[1143,1150,1925,1938]" fontSize="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</subScript>
= dorsal setose seta; A
<subScript id="24403482FFA76708054D22BEFA28F823" attach="left" box="[1406,1413,1925,1938]" fontSize="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</subScript>
= marginal and dorsal broad spinose setae; B = dorsal microtubular duct; C = dorsal loculate pore; E = enlarged dermal spinules; G = dorsal view of anal area; H = ventral view of anal area; P = spiracle with loculate pores; W = metathoracic leg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ECBB664FFFA0670F00A42230FF46F8D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5313354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5313354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5313354/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[151,257,1803,1827]" targetBox="[196,1391,181,1744]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA0670F00A42230FF46F8D4" blockId="20.[151,1436,1803,1893]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA0670F00A42230FEB0F892" bold="true" box="[151,285,1803,1827]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7FC44D44FFA0670F01162237FD2CF892" authority="Hempel." authorityName="Hempel." box="[293,641,1804,1827]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Gloeodendraceae" genus="Apiococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Tetrasporales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="singularis">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA0670F01162237FDB7F892" box="[293,538,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apiococcus singularis</emphasis>
Hempel.
</taxonomicName>
First-instar nymph, probably male, where A
<subScript id="24403482FFA0670F04412221FBD4F896" attach="left" box="[1138,1145,1818,1831]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1</subScript>
= dorsal setose seta; A
<subScript id="24403482FFA0670F054E2221FA29F896" attach="left" box="[1405,1412,1818,1831]" fontSize="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">2</subScript>
= marginal and dorsal broad spinose setae; B = dorsal microtubular duct; C = dorsal loculate pore; E = enlarged dermal spinule.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F0DE654CFFA0670E00F522B5FB50FB5D" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA0670F00F522B5FB09F842" blockId="20.[151,1436,1934,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA0670F00F522B5FEE4F819" bold="true" box="[198,329,1934,1960]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Comment.</emphasis>
Presumed to be female as the marginal and dorsal spinose setae are approximately the same shape as those on the adult female. For a comparison of first-instar nymphs of
<taxonomicName id="7FC44D44FFA0670F04B1228FFABCF87C" box="[1154,1297,1972,1997]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Gloeodendraceae" genus="Apiococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Tetrasporales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA0670F04B1228FFABCF87C" box="[1154,1297,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apiococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with other eriococcid genera see the “Comment” section after the treatment of
<taxonomicName id="7FC44D44FFA0670F038022E2FBE5F843" box="[947,1096,2009,2034]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Gloeodendraceae" genus="Apiococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Tetrasporales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="singularis">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA0670F038022E2FBE5F843" box="[947,1096,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. singularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA1670E00F525ACFC9AFF03" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1260]" box="[198,823,151,178]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA1670E00F525ACFE10FF00" bold="true" box="[198,445,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">First-Instar Nymph</emphasis>
(considered to be male) (
<figureCitation id="20FF2A42FFA1670E02DB25A3FC83FF03" box="[744,814,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="20.[151,257,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,181,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-106@20.[181,1420,164,1782]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 8. Apiococcus singularis Hempel. First-instar nymph, probably male, where A1 = dorsal setose seta; A2 = marginal and dorsal broad spinose setae; B = dorsal microtubular duct; C = dorsal loculate pore; E = enlarged dermal spinule." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5313354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5313354/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA1670E00F52586FBB4FF66" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1260]" box="[198,1049,189,215]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA1670E00F52586FE61FF66" bold="true" box="[198,460,189,215]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Unmounted material</emphasis>
. Body elliptical and clear yellow (Hempel, 1900).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA1670E00F525D9FBC1FF4D" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1260]" box="[198,1132,226,252]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA1670E00F525D9FE04FF4D" bold="true" box="[198,425,226,252]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Mounted material</emphasis>
. Body oval. Length about 250–315 µm, width 125–155 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA1670E00F5243CFB95FDFD" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA1670E00F5243CFE86FE90" bold="true" box="[198,299,263,289]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dorsum</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="08AC3C9AFFA1670E010D2433FB9EFDFD" collectionCode="II, III, I" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="2">
Basically identical to presumed female nymph described above except that
<typeStatus id="677F8865FFA1670E04ED2433FABDFE93" box="[1246,1296,264,290]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
(i) spinose setae, elongate and stoutly spinose, each 10–12 µm long, each broadest medially, with a blunt apex; each with a narrow basal socket and not clearly raised on a small membranous prominence; distribution as on female crawler; and
<typeStatus id="677F8865FFA1670E01002443FECBFE23" box="[307,358,376,402]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
(ii) setae as on female crawler but with only 2 pairs of submarginal setae on abdomen, on segments
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA1670E013F24A6FEB2FE06" box="[268,287,413,439]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA1670E016924A6FED7FE06" box="[346,378,413,439]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">III</collectionCode>
, latter possibly shorter than former. Microtubular ducts probably distributed similarly but unclear. Loculate pores similar in structure and distribution, but with perhaps 8 on each side along anterior margin of abdominal segments
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA1670E021724D3FD83FDB3" box="[548,558,488,514]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
and 6–8 along posterior margin. Anal lobes similar; each long apical flagellate seta about 175 µm long. Other setae associated with anal lobes and anus distributed similarly but perhaps slightly shorter; longer seta on each side of anus about 58–62 µm long
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA1670E00F5276CFE69FD0D" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA1670E00F5276CFE89FDC0" bold="true" box="[198,292,599,625]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae spinose, similar in shape to those on dorsum but smaller, each 7.5–9 µm long, without a distinct membranous prominence; anterior setae similar to posterior setae; distribution as on female crawler. Eyespots similar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA1670E00F527FCFB66FC9D" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA1670E00F527FCFEB5FD50" bold="true" box="[198,280,711,737]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Venter</emphasis>
. Similar to female crawler. Setal distribution similar to that on female crawler. Microtubular ducts as in female crawler: distribution uncertain. Loculate pores: with 2 or 3 immediately laterad of each peritreme; also with 2 or 3 pores between margin on abdominal segments I and each posterior spiracle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA1670E00F52603FB89FC73" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Antennae similar to female crawler, total length perhaps marginally shorter, 75–83 µm long; setal distribution similar; apical seta about 55 µm long. Clypeolabral shield and labium similar. Spiracles very small. Legs well developed but possibly marginally shorter; lengths (metathoracic leg (µm)): coxa 30; trochanter + femur 60; tibia + tarsus 65; claw 13–17; other leg details similar.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA1670E00F526F6FAEDFBBD" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA1670E00F526F6FEE4FC56" bold="true" box="[198,329,973,999]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Comment.</emphasis>
The differences between the shape of the marginal and dorsal spinose setae on the presumed male and female first-instar nymphs are very clear and immediately separates these 2 lots of crawlers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B87B36C7FFA1670E00F52123FB50FB5D" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,1260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="08AC3C9AFFA1670E00F52123FB8BFB5D" collectionCode="I" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="2">
The first-instar nymphs of
<taxonomicName id="7FC44D44FFA1670E02382123FD3FFB80" box="[523,658,1048,1073]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Gloeodendraceae" genus="Apiococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Tetrasporales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8AB0EAD5FFA1670E02382123FD3FFB80" box="[523,658,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apiococcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are easily separable from those of other genera known from the Neotropics in having a band of loculate pores dorsally across abdominal segment
<collectionCode id="DED5AE02FFA1670E04642106FBCEFBE6" box="[1111,1123,1085,1111]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&amp;quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&amp;quot; University" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
. In addition, they have the following characters: (i) 6-segmented antennae; (ii) microtubular ducts present on both dorsum and venter; (iii) no cruciform pores; (iv) enlarged dermal spinules medially on the dorsum of meso- and metathorax and abdominal segments; (v) several loculate pores associated with each spiracle; (vi) anal plates not differentiated; and (vii) dorsal setae of clearly
<specimenCount id="AEC2FD4EFFA1670E028521E9FCA1FB5D" box="[694,780,1234,1260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
, a strongly spinose
<typeStatus id="677F8865FFA1670E03C721E9FB8BFB5D" box="[1012,1062,1234,1260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
and a setose
<typeStatus id="677F8865FFA1670E04F121E9FB55FB5D" box="[1218,1272,1234,1260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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