273 lines
21 KiB
XML
273 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7345e6b-fa55-474e-9b6e-d6b185121541" ID-PMC="PMC7718216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-168-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" ID-PubMed="33335445" ModsDocID="1314-2003-168-1" checkinTime="1606572050664" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio, Nee, Michael H., Kang, Hannah, Starbuck, Thomas, Rodrigues, Annamarie & Conner, Matthew" docDate="2020" docId="125EAC40E4A83397C7902662755936CA" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 168: 1-333" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" docTitle="Lycianthes gongylodes J. L. Gentry, Phytologia 26: 274. 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" masterDocTitle="The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140149145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dean, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-0027</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eadean@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Poore, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio Nacional de Identificacion y Caracterizacion Vegetal (LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-8108</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>26776 US Hwy 14, Richland Center, WI 53581, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kang, Hannah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starbuck, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Annamarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Conner, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>168</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>333</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-168-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170596553" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:125EAC40E4A83397C7902662755936CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/125EAC40E4A83397C7902662755936CA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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18
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<taxonomicName authority="J. L. Gentry, Phytologia 26: 274. 1973" authorityName="J. L. Gentry, Phytologia 26: 274." authorityYear="1973" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes gongylodes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gongylodes">Lycianthes gongylodes J.L.Gentry, Phytologia 26: 274. 1973</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Image of herbarium specimen of L. gongylodes, Proctor 25432 (LL). Specimen used with permission from the Lundell Herbarium, University of Texas at Austin." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480054" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Guatemala. Huehuetenango: Mpio. San Mateo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ixtatán">Ixtatan</normalizedToken>
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, 4 miles east of San Mateo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ixtatán">Ixtatan</normalizedToken>
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on road to Barillas, 8500 ft, 7 Feb 1965,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. Breedlove 8771</emphasis>
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(holotype: F [0072910F, acc. # 1624724]; isotype: CAS [0003289]).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480054" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 42" startId="F42">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 42.</emphasis>
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Image of herbarium specimen of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. gongylodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. gongylodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Proctor 25432</emphasis>
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(LL). Specimen used with permission from the Lundell Herbarium, University of Texas at Austin.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Herb to shrub, erect, 1.5-3.5 m tall. Indument of pale yellow to light brown, uniseriate, multicellular, usually simple (sometimes dendritic), curling to crisped, eglandular, spreading to appressed trichomes 0.1-0.75 (1) mm long. Stems green when young, sparsely to moderately pubescent, compressed upon drying in a plant press, woody with age; upper sympodial branching points monochasial or dichasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia usually paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 7-17.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.5-6.5 cm, the smaller ones with blades 3.5-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-4 cm, the leaf pairs usually similar in shape, the blades ovate to elliptic, membranaceous, sparsely pubescent, especially along the veins, the base cuneate to attenuate, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually undulate, the apex acute to acuminate, the petiole 0.5-2.5 cm long, sometimes absent, the larger leaf blades with 5-6 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-5, axillary, erect or oriented horizontally; peduncles absent; pedicels 10-15 mm and erect to arching in flower, to 30 mm long and erect to arching in fruit; calyx 2-3 mm long, 3.5-4.5 mm in diameter, widely bowl shaped, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the margin truncate, undulate, very well developed, with 10 very short, reflexed appendages 0.25-0.5 mm long emerging 1-1.5 mm below the calyx rim; fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl-shaped, sometimes appearing flat-bottomed, 1.5-3 mm long, 6-9 mm in diameter, the appendages not changing in length; corolla 0.6-1 cm long, rotate to reflexed in orientation, shallowly to deeply stellate in outline, sometimes divided to below the middle, interpetalar tissue present, white adaxially, glabrous, white abaxially, sparsely pubescent with very short trichomes; stamens equal, the filaments ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 4-5 mm long, lanceolate, free of one another, pale yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores round, dehiscing distally; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style ca. 7 mm, linear, straight, glabrous, the stigma capitate, decurrent down two sides. Fruit a berry, 7-10 mm long, 7-9 mm in diameter, globose, orange at maturity, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 20-60 per fruit, 2-2.5 mm
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2 mm, flattened, depressed ovate to oval in outline, with shallow notch on one side, yellow-orange, the surface reticulum with minute serpentine pattern with shallow luminae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Guatemala (Huehuetenango,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Quiché">Quiche</normalizedToken>
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), in cloud forest, 2400-3000 m in elevation (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Map of geographic distribution of L. gongylodes based on herbarium specimen data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480055" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">43</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure43" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480055" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 43" startId="F43">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 43.</emphasis>
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Map of geographic distribution of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. gongylodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. gongylodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on herbarium specimen data.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None known.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering specimens and specimens with mature fruits have been collected in February and from June to August. All flowering specimens of this species have open flowers indicating that the flowers are probably open for most of the day.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes gongylodes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes gongylodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a rarely collected species of Guatemala, represented by only four collections, all made before 1970, and none from protected areas. The EOO is 43.078 km2, and the AOO is 12 km2. Based on the
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" refId="B67" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019. http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019." url="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Critically Endangered (CR).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes gongylodes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes gongylodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from only four collections made by Breedlove, Proctor, and Steyermark. The species is most likely allied to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with which it shares green herbaceous stems that collapse upon drying. The form of the calyx in the two species is similar, although
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. gongylodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. gongylodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs in having small calyx appendages which make the calyx appear thicker and more bowl-shaped in flower and flat-bottomed in fruit (a feature it shares with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. connata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="connata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. connata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes heteroclita" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes heteroclita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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usually lacks appendages on the calyx, which looks campanulate in flower and bowl-shaped to plate-like in fruit and, unlike
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. gongylodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. gongylodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, it usually lacks obvious interpetalar tissue connecting the lobes of the corolla. The curly trichomes that are present on the stems and leaves of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. gongylodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. gongylodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are quite distinctive and different than the very small trichomes present in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; in addition,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. gongylodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. gongylodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lacks the tiny groups of white trichomes that appear like small granules on the calyx of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. heteroclita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. heteroclita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes gongylodes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes gongylodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be confused with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. ceratocalycia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ceratocalycia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. ceratocalycia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, another allied species that occurs in the same region of Guatemala and adjacent Mexico.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes ceratocalycia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceratocalycia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes ceratocalycia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs in having purple, stellate corollas with sparse interpetalar tissue and scurfy horizontal lines on the young branches. A sterile specimen of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. gongylodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. gongylodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be misidentified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tricolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Dunal) Bitter, something that was done in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694566" author="Dean, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="191 - 209" refId="B46" refString="Dean, E, Reyes, M, Faure, R, Walden, GK, Brandon, D, McNair, DM, 2017a. Identification of the species of Lycianthes series Tricolores (Capsiceae, Solanaceae). Systematic Botany 42 (1): 191 - 209, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694566" title="Identification of the species of Lycianthes series Tricolores (Capsiceae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694566" volume="42" year="2017 a">Dean et al. (2017a)</bibRefCitation>
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, where
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Steyermark 49839</emphasis>
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(a paratype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. gongylodes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gongylodes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. gongylodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is cited under
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tricolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatemala. Huehuetenango</emphasis>
|
||
: Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, near the place called Kurus Lemun, 4 miles E of San Mateo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ixtatán">Ixtatan</normalizedToken>
|
||
along road to Barillas, [15.82, -91.4264], 8500 ft, 7 Aug 1965,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. Breedlove 11628</emphasis>
|
||
(TEX).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quiché">Quiche</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: El
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boquerón">Boqueron</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 8000-8200 ft, 6 Aug 1964,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G.R. Proctor 25432</emphasis>
|
||
(BRIT, MO, TEX).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |