treatments-xml/data/CB/5C/D7/CB5CD75DB3FE5A21A23DEA351755BC48.xml

<document id="F8E99C8600203B4AB8F559189A67E2A7" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988" ID-publisher-id="121988" URI-arpha="DA787C6A-F566-53A8-8CE4-1DB250259EB2" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1722263393642" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2024" docId="CB5CD75DB3FE5A21A23DEA351755BC48" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 245: 1-106" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 245" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/121988/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Lycianthes laevis Bitter 1919" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="DA787C6AF56653A88CE41DB250259EB2" masterDocTitle="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in tropical Asia" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1722270899297" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="4760AED18F0DE2127ED9415D0DAF3DB9">A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in tropical Asia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="C0145D4A76CDA9E8573B748475FD8C16">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FA915C41FA92158A850301F8151AD743" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="CFB0971C9C999A512AC3DFB0DEEDF9DA">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="EAB90D58521D5EAD864EC841BC81C82A">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3F9354B1BB8C2EE79949EE84D51137C5">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A8469CF567006687DAEBAA647B850C7D">245</mods:number>
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<treatment id="CB5CD75DB3FE5A21A23DEA351755BC48" ID-arpha="CB5CD75D-B3FE-5A21-A23D-EA351755BC48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB5CD75DB3FE5A21A23DEA351755BC48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB5CD75DB3FE5A21A23DEA351755BC48">
<subSubSection id="B097019B657144F212423A8428580AE4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5428F864267957A500957932B6F3AB9E">
<heading id="B23C2ECF77FA18B2957D25CF62467B17" reason="label">4.</heading>
<taxonomicName id="3393053E9AEE999E8BF978B2D25603E8" ID-CoL="6QPCN" authority="(Dunal) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="6BE5C2057838B4F16D10A596E61EC757" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein 
<collectingRegion id="77A4AED194DCAFB36D9DF5FF1C0404DB" country="Germany" name="Bremen">Bremen</collectingRegion>
24 [preprint]: 484. 1919.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC0D9C473C7B2E878D909CFC5E57B0CE" type="description">
<paragraph id="B2EDADC1371437A1A1F94A4D1867147B">
<figureCitation id="7EB1EF43196E344EBFEEEE6FE8155AC5" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Calyx appendage variation of Lycianthes in Asia A L. biflora with 10 equal calyx appendages (Nuraliev s. n, Vietnam [no voucher]) B L. laevis with 5 calyx appendages (Mustaqim s. n., Indonesia; DOL 207886) C L. parasitica with small, nub-like calyx appendages (Pelser &amp; Barcelona s. n., Philippines; DOL 84744) D L. oliveriana with thick, warty calyces with no appendages (Damas et al. SAJ- 1050, Papua New Guinea) E L. schizocalyx with long flower pedicels and 10 unequal calyx appendages (Heyer s. n., Philippines; DOL 151906) F L. shunningensis with 10 strongly reflexed calyx appendages (Averyanov 887, Laos). Photograph credits: A Maxim Nuraliev B Wendy Mustaqim C Pieter B. Pelser &amp; Julie F. Barcelona D Shelley James E Philippe Heyer F Leonid Averyanov. DOL numbers are identifiers from PhytoImages (https://phytoimages.siu.edu). Details of collecting localities can be found in Suppl. material 2." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103796">Figs 3 B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="64C9428A9415439BAF9D120A4929998D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Flowers of Lycianthes in Asia A L. banahaensis with tetramerous yellow flowers, note the stigma sitting almost within the anther tube (Rule s. n., Philippines; DOL 134710) B L. biflora with membranous corolla lobes and a minutely capitate stigma (Knapp et al. 10106, China) C L. laevis flower with green blotches at the base of the corolla lobes (Mustaqim s. n., Indonesia; DOL 207828) D L. parasitica flower with spreading corolla lobes and capitate stigma (Tandang s. n., Philippines; DOL 76576597) E L. rantonnetii rotate corolla with orange, slightly curved anthers (Stevenson s. n., cultivated in Mexico; DOL 183568) F L. shunningensis with very short reflexed calyx appendages and cucullate corolla lobe tips (Nuraliev et al. 2810, Vietnam). Photograph credits: A Greg Rule B Sandra Knapp C Wendy Mustaqim D Danilo Tandang; E Dennis Stevenson F Maxim Nuraliev. DOL numbers are identifiers from PhytoImages (https://phytoimages.siu.edu). Details of collecting localities can be found in Suppl. material 2." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103797">4 C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8537F9586A1BB673E41DBEA0FDB13E7C" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lycianthes laevis (Dunal) Bitter herbarium specimen. India. Tamil Nadu, Beddome 5486 (BM 00900116). Courtesy of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103805">12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37C1FED84EFB7068D6637F635E5543E7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="84DD3C9F778E21FBF37CE78158A0C737">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FC481359CEE3ABF291EE5011E990C36">
<treatmentCitation id="C365432A108FF663287B51A8230DCC9C">
<taxonomicName id="92FC7EA93659ED82D4E850673998EC58" ID-CoL="4Y2YV" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laeve">
<emphasis id="7EDBB7F5E0F711AFAF8D5541DA1825AB" italics="true">Solanum laeve</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
, Encycl. [J. Lamarck &amp; al.] 
<bibCitation id="9FB1B12042025317717C2A77038D3792" journal="Suppl." page="751" score="0.6849634247206907" volume="3" year="1814">Suppl. 3: 751. 1814</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="BD76452E5DAF1899AD4D9D5380507D66" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. [
<collectingRegion id="4BF57EA6DC56C3839ED3B0F81C22D9CF" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
]: Goudolone, 
<emphasis id="9F9B56F05B22BCECA3FDA16712557EC8" italics="true">J. B. L. Leschenault de la Tour 683</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="A7888BDFFB191413CD823A2A816AFA82" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: P [P 000578637]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="658FD52B66D667A3FFED98BB452F2C09">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="54A6718EA74351B826A99B3E990DEB8B">
<treatmentCitation id="8B372F61CA131B904E823993A6F971D4">
<taxonomicName id="771C54C6B94996EADB35D5799201E64F" ID-CoL="4Y4PW" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="3B23438C73E6841F586D5F906C0D8834" italics="true">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg 55. 1823, nom illeg.
</treatmentCitation>
not 
<taxonomicName id="AF5A7111652A1817A73095FDCFB90308" ID-CoL="4Y4PW" authority="Ortega (1798)" authorityName="Ortega" authorityYear="1798" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="99A216D8A6394C8F7E14F7E9BFD1A7E0" italics="true">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
Ortega (1798)
</taxonomicName>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="6F1EB468ABE9F9E28E5023C79DC0DFD7" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. “ 
<collectingRegion id="BBEADC7A2FF4F1E8833F7699ACE5297D" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
”, C. L. Blume s. n. (no specimens cited; 
<typeStatus id="0C7A5D96F188F3A55691B57DD586DAC7" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: L [L 0003600]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA624A645E3775E6F46CF7695D345EF8">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="330F23C8A4710F27EB6B2D2540D8F3C2">
<treatmentCitation id="2814F026C0DEABC4FA4A453C1CE8EFA5">
<taxonomicName id="6B773CC48529A53130B8B8A23E42994E" ID-CoL="4Y24K" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="97D53A33F359127D711C81588E0F2029" italics="true">Solanum crassipetalum</emphasis>
Wall.
</taxonomicName>
, Fl. Ind. (Carey &amp; Wallich ed.) 2: 256. 1824
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="7D26A54CF0A9A6EED789CD3342A811E8" name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
. “ Sheopar ”, 1821, R. Blinkworth s. n. [Wallich cat. 2618] (
<typeStatus id="8250A1DC3429955956EFE7298106DBA3" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="BCA22BBC9084FA20C883DA6886E0A7E2" DOI="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1978.tb01816.x" author="Deb" editor="Hawkes JG" firstAuthor="Deb" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pagination="292-294" refId="B40" refString="Deb DB (1978) Some new combinations for Indian taxa of Lycianthes (Solanaceae). In: Hawkes JG (Ed.) Systematic notes on Solanaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 76: 292–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1978.tb01816.x" title="Some new combinations for Indian taxa of Lycianthes (Solanaceae)." volume="76" volumeTitle="Systematic notes on Solanaceae." year="1978">Deb 1978</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 293 [as “ type ” and with collector R. Brown]: CAL [CAL 0000017942]; 
<typeStatus id="5DC5602268FB06E54E08930C141B41CE" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
: BM [BM 000617159], E [E 00273881, E 00273882], G-DC [G 00131653], K [K 0009234440], K-W [K 001116619, K 001116620]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC204E1B873CAB6D4A8EF56AA292A0DA">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="46979D98B4B9D936D1B645FF39B560E0">
<treatmentCitation id="4571C722661658DEE6F610C178CCE814" author="" journal="Ind." page="696" score="0.03378121803055019" volume="13" year="1826">
<taxonomicName id="3610DB28688BF61D12AFE39DAB234F51" ID-CoL="B5F5Q" authority="Nees ex Blume" authorityName="Blume" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blumei">
<emphasis id="1D37F7258BA60062DD4651D62B6E08D5" italics="true">Solanum blumei</emphasis>
Nees ex Blume
</taxonomicName>
, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 13: 696. 1826, as “ 
<emphasis id="3D7CB95B8B4C9B36F6A8BDFD98061946" italics="true">blumii</emphasis>
”
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="118FF1817D3DF192B56D11DB17B0C173">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="F62D25FE67C64F45402B7DE8CFCADE73" ID-CoL="4Y4PW" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="7F1269C627CD92FBFBAD06172694E18E" italics="true">Solanum violaceum</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="242B1572922A46CDCB1CC4DEFA04C6E6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="86AE2FE0372C53E2CDECBF5C98763334">
<treatmentCitation id="0E525A46A851A8C97386ADE04375B8D5">
<taxonomicName id="5CBD0E91194EEFE62A04F2A8FB2FA6FE" ID-CoL="4Y3MB" authority="Spreng." authorityName="Spreng." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pachypetalon">
<emphasis id="552A49C013227FDEECAD5FD2C3D866DD" italics="true">Solanum pachypetalon</emphasis>
Spreng.
</taxonomicName>
, Syst. Veg. ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4 (2): 72. 1827, nom. illeg. superfl.
</treatmentCitation>
<typeStatus id="78482ADF857A0716843E8B82ADE6A49B">Type</typeStatus>
. 
<collectingCountry id="A526DB78A4D4C671D4A078CA880C99B4" name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="56252C2357AA8B2083D6FB1146B92A94" ID-CoL="4Y24K" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="79E38E8E7287ACF1EDF5EC31714B73BD" italics="true">Solanum crassipetalum</emphasis>
Wall.
</taxonomicName>
(cited in synonymy).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="98E1D0741FC1340F76BD58D524220A3F">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DAC70A2982CCEF881DC4544256E64D5A">
<treatmentCitation id="9096DF94D47CB4C20A5105C5F9D1E989" author="Nees" issue="1" journal="Trans. Linn. Soc. London" page="41" score="159.6156087325325" volume="17" year="1834">
<taxonomicName id="FC6C76EA8BB366AF20535DC220B62707" ID-CoL="6YTHV" authority="Wall. ex Nees" authorityName="Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="membranaceum">
<emphasis id="D3C035FEBC98A0F08B2D3CD42C83EC81" italics="true">Solanum membranaceum</emphasis>
Wall. ex Nees
</taxonomicName>
, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 41. 1834
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="3FB93C870B1F106340AA18A3940EDFB4" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. [probably southern 
<collectingCountry id="80F48BE8EC84DF177C26907A455631C4" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
], 
<emphasis id="CD41582D747963CC094CB65D3856F44E" italics="true">N. Wallich Cat. 2625 A</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="1F087B0BD34D171D4F33D5584AD1B2AC" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: K-W [K 001116640]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DDDA10FA9D1F6CF3E8A63D0F141ED9EF">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BBE3124E418CD4E372E553677BDF5778">
<treatmentCitation id="96A2CAFFDF18EE6A0E7571665633BEEF" author="Nees" issue="1" journal="Trans. Linn. Soc. London" page="42" score="159.6156087325325" volume="17" year="1834">
<taxonomicName id="68ED2BC4F3B811DAE7376CBF6D455DDC" ID-CoL="93W9Z" authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bigeminatum">
<emphasis id="5AE379DC73BD965A2255C508C1F9715E" italics="true">Solanum bigeminatum</emphasis>
Nees
</taxonomicName>
, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 42. 1834
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="929D162A6FCFD80CCEE176936D22CE0A" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. “ Travancore ”, Wallich cat. suppl., 
<date id="2E96ACE8FBB30DD3797367C7ED3C0A28" value="1814-10">Oct 1814</date>
, Anon. s. n. [
<emphasis id="F3011C78185EEFA834465898B98DA176" italics="true">Herbarium Rottlerianum</emphasis>
] (
<typeStatus id="1CD4C4E03744C98E09BC12FCAAF2FF37" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="DF4CEB657DA4FA89C3CFCB98B973FDF4" author="Hepper" editor="Dassanayake MD &amp; Fosberg FR" firstAuthor="Hepper" journalOrPublisher="Vol VI. Smithsonian and National Science Foundation USA, New Delhi" pagination="365-409" refId="B57" refString="Hepper FN (1987) Solanaceae. In: Dassanayake MD, Fosberg FR (Eds) A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Vol VI. Smithsonian and National Science Foundation USA, New Delhi, 365–409." title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon." year="1987">Hepper 1987</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 388: K [K 000759406]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F689FB3A675043AF6910292C23DB4290">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AC1CA6072B8932DFD4A0D7E27F27886E">
<treatmentCitation id="7E1DC19B73983EE3CFE60CA54FD29498" author="Nees" issue="1" journal="Trans. Linn. Soc. London" page="42" score="159.6156087325325" volume="17" year="1834">
<taxonomicName id="AF890700480EEE4A305C6BAB98F753EF" ID-CoL="4Y3FY" authority="Wall. ex Nees" authorityName="Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neesianum">
<emphasis id="6E8B8C67D87F72868E5A2EDE262157E6" italics="true">Solanum neesianum</emphasis>
Wall. ex Nees
</taxonomicName>
, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 42. 1834
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="6FBB56B9AD03326334BC316951C9FB11" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. [Khasi Hills] “ Mt Sylhet ”, N. Wallich [G. Gomez s. n.] Cat. Suppl. 248 (
<typeStatus id="78868E8823889E94EEE3D756DDC13A36" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: 
<collectionCode id="5FFC4C40D33DD51634E902775113845A" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15750" name="Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz" type="Herbarium">GZU</collectionCode>
[GZU 000255706].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="676BBBF42511924E7805871AB52260CB">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5EC106D86FAFAB7DB49615E998E7E94A">
<treatmentCitation id="52233330269587A5D993D0A1C1A7F90E">
<taxonomicName id="D49DC8A7D98401D0340849BB18A5519F" ID-CoL="6YTKN" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="zollingeri" variety="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="94889A1B6131B09F2490C112ED0798BE" italics="true">Solanum zollingeri</emphasis>
Dunal 
<emphasis id="08E9B6656C02F8336EBA1417AB68A9F2" italics="true">var. multiflorum</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 176. 1852
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="ACF68950CB0880BBCA354465400BAD9F" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="37FF78CA817339E8CBB7BD18DAB0D4B4" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
: [no locality in protologue] 
<collectingRegion id="2D75AFAB5B041232EA69D11E28E5C097" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">East Java</collectingRegion>
, in summo montis Taroeb [= Gunung Tarub], prov. Probolingo, 
<date id="227AD3DED850DE075E27B08C6BE629C4" value="1845-01-04">4 Jan 1845</date>
[from P 00369020], 
<emphasis id="C54636B81E019084CE0A87AB3FD92BE9" italics="true">H. Zollinger 2597</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="60A44992815701B59E7A385EAFEFDA0E" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: G-DC [G 00145616]; 
<typeStatus id="8831C5AE6CED5A7E49D3C799A77F5E42" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
: BM [BM 001018925], G [G 0343077, G 000357860], P [P 00369013, P 00379534 (as 
<emphasis id="3BA96239A75F00973F3520DFCB49EC6D" italics="true">2597 bis</emphasis>
), P [P 00369020, as 
<emphasis id="BC50784F81021FE70356DC8942DD47FB" italics="true">2597 Z</emphasis>
]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="88A0E1022D5FC811820EAC2DDA70CB2F">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F3E97E56A54436FA870BF4B8A5A4BC2A">
<treatmentCitation id="152E29C9E725AD1733D15C80455CFA84">
<taxonomicName id="7E69135E5B9F99A67CD42A9086F54087" ID-CoL="4Y4DF" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncatum">
<emphasis id="687375E016BD2FABBC6025A3B4F0003A" italics="true">Solanum subtruncatum</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 180. 1852
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="B76FF289C0AE018A1F27D15CF923C4F4" name="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
. “ In 
<collectingCountry id="621341AF91E584BC2A1533DF304BBDCB" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
orientalis, Silhet, Wall. cat. 2620 ”, F. de Silva s. n. [Wallich cat. 2620] (
<typeStatus id="274607E920E40F322F166205639A96EF" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: G-DC [G 00145656]; 
<typeStatus id="3A4ACE30230B3806D75A6936272976D3" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
: BM [BM 000778231], CAL [CAL 0000071895], GZU [GZU 000255845], K [K 001116625]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F8C8AB0013B13CC2EBB9FD24CD860C7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A80ECA4D8A7275FEE816DC04F643B513">
<treatmentCitation id="C62DDFCE2D5F7AC54D645EE1335289BA">
<taxonomicName id="3DC73DA54BC704173542DB570612A019" ID-CoL="4Y2XD" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaitisis">
<emphasis id="45168FF556F0A3524B83690B07FFBACF" italics="true">Solanum kaitisis</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 157. 1852
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="351DCAEB1DCDADC703C91236D780045F" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="D6D1A103CD01EF53D42BB39D02778814" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
: Nilghiri, Kaithi [“ ad montis Nilgherry circa Kaitis ” – protologue], 1840, 
<emphasis id="060FD1B94351B7589F0E53FE9FB8BF30" italics="true">G. S. Perrottet 270 [as 230</emphasis>
] (
<typeStatus id="7CB6018D41E51416840A31B6777B20D9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: P [P 00058859]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7BE7774F57FE5EE2C2F508DD4B1C502B">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="13E7DB957939CC510340201DD3CF1C1F">
<treatmentCitation id="9C9A5B51EC180B8599A0298B80D4FA10">
<taxonomicName id="904B6A8BF112089A58DEAA79A9444D29" ID-CoL="5RK2V" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gouakai">
<emphasis id="90B585FF31C7CD1F477603C81E43AA77" italics="true">Solanum gouakai</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 177. 1852, as “ Gouakai ”
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="8DB7C64F4E8E08F172BCB30BAA900E02" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. [
<collectingRegion id="4BE27722B166393945F91F7881EEC9F5" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
]: “ Nillgherry ” [Nilgiri Hills], 
<emphasis id="D41A091A0A54FFA377F1C8D0DB9EF697" italics="true">J. B. L. Leschenault de la Tour 311</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="EDB6FD56F883D173068EDB97CBF8A991" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: P [P 00057927]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E41468737BEE2D7F891B523CA9D67414">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6CC0F9B80492D7117D7254C0CB241CDC">
<treatmentCitation id="9E47B114F4406C314343D82EE9CF7BEF">
<taxonomicName id="22AAA9290D0071FF64F125F4E7D72756" ID-CoL="4XZHQ" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gouakai" variety="angustifolium">
<emphasis id="924AFEF3E61D00B885D5381331859DE5" italics="true">Solanum gouakai</emphasis>
Dunal 
<emphasis id="D100471D9418DB591AE544BFACA2059C" italics="true">var. angustifolium</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 177. 1852
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="F3C962CF0613EFA2A233339A38C25B33" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. [
<collectingRegion id="42DB28BE2C20B3A1C561F019CA55027B" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
]: “ Nillgherry ” [Nilgiri Hills], 
<emphasis id="42C00D217E7BB414302DC17E8782CBC5" italics="true">J. B. L. Leschenault de la Tour 311</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="60B93D1271DF74FEB4DF8951A2820D73" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: P [P 00057928]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="636FA4DBFA3987DF61585C7C7468F100">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0ADA47C8C0C44A24889CC66F6F65325F">
<treatmentCitation id="5B0B67D3DCC408EB3E3988FCFF22E02F">
<taxonomicName id="DBF20A4351CEBF7BB26E9ACB4856D52A" ID-CoL="4Y323" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gouakai" variety="latifolium">
<emphasis id="DD4D32B3C2AC196154F0BBD0AEE8C1E1" italics="true">Solanum gouakai</emphasis>
Dunal 
<emphasis id="15DE7E92DC6EAAAADA15CA609CE8D54C" italics="true">var. latifolium</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 177. 1852
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="13261567559353C47D6A0385AC406F6E" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. [
<collectingRegion id="439A4101D7D68F2BF085D068DEB9BE86" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
]: “ Nillgherry ” [Nilgiri Hills], 
<emphasis id="BB68F5414B6C1426E7CA2080C46C63CE" italics="true">J. B. L. Leschenault de la Tour 311</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="2684A01158F97AD991CA3B837269B0AA" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: P [P 00057929]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3A61E157ECE1446AD5FBB6E7B556999">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4ABC8FBA3D77B07C7345274DB025DA1E">
<treatmentCitation id="2C87BD835BA384836AF23DD199857FEA">
<taxonomicName id="FA025CC3735DF161D1AB7E6B5E7FD7BF" ID-CoL="KVK8" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Bassovia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichii">
<emphasis id="8724AE7D7229A8B265C7C06EADD01FF7" italics="true">Bassovia wallichii</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13 (1): 409. 1852, nom. illeg. superfl.
</treatmentCitation>
<typeStatus id="21EB6699863045C1E9CB18AA1E458A5C">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="9D7AECDC312151ED4F9180BDEA87756E" ID-CoL="4Y24K" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="1676A8FAFC328FD1FA5224024FAC8A80" italics="true">S. crassipetalum</emphasis>
Wall.
</taxonomicName>
(“ 
<taxonomicName id="9B22830C2A05C4070092B1858DCB4A22" ID-CoL="4Y24K" authority=", Wall." authorityName="Wall." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="54E7F30DE62AE3BA2400D7F7DBA5C87C" italics="true">Solanum crassipetalum</emphasis>
, Wall.
</taxonomicName>
cat. 2618 ”, see discussion).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28AFDEFADE10CF5BF61F51CF90CECE84">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1271D13D3D3886E17B1CB3ABA808DA8B">
<treatmentCitation id="7A0D75CB6BDDCED8A667D5CAF215EFD7" author="Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind." journal="Ind." page="642" score="0.03378121803055019" volume="2" year="1857">
<taxonomicName id="0ACBC1ABE2765F5D64136B340D3FBB23" ID-CoL="4Y3NV" authority="Miq." authorityName="Miq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="blumei" variety="parvifolium">
<emphasis id="479FA332C1D8E437E1C6A24FA26B1843" italics="true">Solanum blumei</emphasis>
Nees 
<emphasis id="26BE84772CFEF9A9C15788E1FEC1D491" italics="true">var. parvifolium</emphasis>
Miq.
</taxonomicName>
, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 642. 1857, as “ 
<emphasis id="9A55651D9EA8D63C80AB8161F35113B2" italics="true">parvifolia</emphasis>
”
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="5C0C69C6B1735C7571B035715CB33886" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. Sin. loc. “ S. Eschweilerianum ”, A. Zippelius s. n. (no herbaria cited; 
<typeStatus id="CDFE47FDB1C688F68D682EA13C17166C" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: L [L 0003598]; 
<typeStatus id="9E794ECAB25D5603B1D1DFE0F91ACFBE" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
: L [L 0003599]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3DDE2F429BD4626351DC1F82FDABAA50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E81F54A6D873B9F48C9A98BC4AC47D1A">
<treatmentCitation id="B2FAB3FCE5309D1A3B435662ED0207E5" author="Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind." journal="Ind." page="642" score="0.03378121803055019" volume="2" year="1857">
<taxonomicName id="0DE7EA5207BABBD9BAA4AA8532539D84" ID-CoL="4Y2LX" authority="Miq." authorityName="Miq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="blumei" variety="grandifolium">
<emphasis id="A58D3F99614CC4731294A12674256676" italics="true">Solanum blumei</emphasis>
Nees 
<emphasis id="C67AC96F5C88238B97A3729FCAABE419" italics="true">var. grandifolium</emphasis>
Miq.
</taxonomicName>
, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 642. 1857, as “ 
<emphasis id="ABADA9FAC26142B51100B44DC314A444" italics="true">grandifolia</emphasis>
”
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="6EE1D881D8612D23E899C754614CAD32" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. Sin. loc., T. Horsfield s. n. [1421] (
<typeStatus id="12DA01CC579A8D2045CCBE5580C5A87E" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: 
<collectionCode id="F297F3D689A8FADF01E5C9B3B2DCA2D0" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum">BM</collectionCode>
[BM 001018973]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B3A82BC95F31D06DBA77681AAA45D46">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="B89F856D982E2AEA9F6135AE6766B2AE">
<treatmentCitation id="65C8292C357CDE6653E9FD3C9FBA96C1">
<taxonomicName id="F81C4F8B13E2F8D1FF01E6F7EC3C0202" ID-CoL="93W9Z" authority="C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminatum" variety="zeylanica">
<emphasis id="550A0C520858817969A1332FFAD5E7C1" italics="true">Solanum bigeminatum</emphasis>
Nees 
<emphasis id="791124CB1407D5F021B2C621D66755F9" italics="true">var. zeylanica</emphasis>
C. B. Clarke
</taxonomicName>
, Fl. Brit. 
<collectingCountry id="122571DF9967291963EFF54556C6FBC8" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
[J. D. Hooker] 4: 231. 1883
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="55F9251E26EF4D60A298294B1D10DC2E" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
. Sin. loc., [no date], 
<emphasis id="55BB9049955D04CD96116875E066B9DF" italics="true">G. Gardner 628</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="3BBEDBE370DCBD73C4494003AB3712B7" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: K [K 000923382]; 
<typeStatus id="23315EE500DDAAD1EC3BB083E7D88EA3" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
: BM [BM 000900109], K [K 000923458], TCD [TCD 51387]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB071A80CA543DEE8EBAF38EF5155F8E">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3A2017E515A58D48FBE042B854AE4282">
<treatmentCitation id="9A025F50FE1AEBDF7915D9F3904E0919" author="Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl." journal="Gen. Pl." page="453" score="1.1334221679718919" volume="2" year="1891">
<taxonomicName id="89C2B96FF0C9E1190F140D6C3F88917C" ID-CoL="B5WTM" authority="Kuntze" authorityName="Kuntze" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="blumei" variety="erythrocarpum">
<emphasis id="5E0BF7B70354898A3EDF0EB34AB2D51E" italics="true">Solanum blumei</emphasis>
Nees 
<emphasis id="9E092E7B17C5D7BA24AF4CDC69CFBA58" italics="true">var. erythrocarpum</emphasis>
Kuntze
</taxonomicName>
, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 453. 1891
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="5DAD7D46121867D078AD6743522A9111" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="6C1D9FA94D8D132F760C0566C9E1E7A9" country="India" name="Sikkim">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
: sin. loc., “ 
<quantity id="1521B8EA9DA770E5763B38CFA7BD28A7" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5,000 ft</quantity>
”, 
<date id="D825C36E2041924496095BBF7F656665" value="1875-11-21">21 Nov 1875</date>
, 
<emphasis id="4359D56DC7493064E4A5752530C3CE2F" italics="true">C. E. O. Kuntze 6841</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="E7A3C38E338DC9F862E7A5091441F821" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: 
<collectionCode id="3284455BF0FB7D2C474435377E09AD6A" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
[00172265]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4288FABD29CFDA91266B4D891E903E9">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9F88C51E88B090D5D3BA957D7C19AC7F">
<treatmentCitation id="99437E3A22D2168184820750286212E2" author="Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl." journal="Gen. Pl." page="453" score="1.1334221679718919" volume="2" year="1891">
<taxonomicName id="10798A4372215094C8523EBA77383698" ID-CoL="4Y4RV" authority="Kuntze" authorityName="Kuntze" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="blumei" variety="xanthocarpum">
<emphasis id="3888AEDD85397AAEAE1D1F75F85B8E14" italics="true">Solanum blumei</emphasis>
Nees 
<emphasis id="AEAA8FF8065B52B156A0D056A114A776" italics="true">var. xanthocarpum</emphasis>
Kuntze
</taxonomicName>
, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 453. 1891
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="E60B5D75D8123B76C1877FF3CEB88275" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="D3593A632C5D902DAB50F71D3CC6560E" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingRegion id="730CF24EF413F063BF8593AC0509DC69" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Barat">West Java</collectingRegion>
, “ Wilisgebirge ” [Mount Wilis], “ 
<quantity id="E0B11C3A5D8961B546501452AFC0A7EA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5,000 ft</quantity>
”, 
<date id="9EFAB01B6D99B6DE523A42DC5F66DB52" value="1875-08-29">29 Aug 1875</date>
, 
<emphasis id="9D7A6591021AB2DBCF382A7B11F3566A" italics="true">C. E. O. Kuntze 5855</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="8BB3887CD92BA18A01BE18256E2C49AE" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: 
<collectionCode id="29CECBF069730CFE8D4D86CF833FD3FF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
[00172280]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F452478DBD8426B9A16373FE03BEF981">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0BA06B51EBC2D8B06FD72F426694AA53">
<treatmentCitation id="AF04E39DE6A2D4CF784D09C91CA3CFAD" author="" journal="Philipp. Bot." page="2832" score="42.862140784188036" volume="8" year="1915">
<taxonomicName id="2CFE8223D6B5F4C67DF47B057BD583C3" ID-CoL="6Z5JY" authority="Elmer" authorityName="Elmer" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mindanaense">
<emphasis id="0B13D9B725A08E01A59526BE4D6C3B9E" italics="true">Solanum mindanaense</emphasis>
Elmer
</taxonomicName>
, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8: 2832. 1915
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="0D8448CB0906444B14C1FA8D7D01994F" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. Mindanao, prov. Agusan, Cabadbaran (Mt. Urdaneta), 
<date id="93A80508C971803F5474DBB22413670B" value="1912-09">Sep 1912</date>
, 
<emphasis id="4E3297A990D0D1DDBA1C6C6D0EAD4360" italics="true">A. D. E. Elmer 13828</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="D2349E2CF31F9FCDB0A5C75E5C515D42" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
: E [E 00273869]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22DB079C4E3F966EA0AA244A882ADA0E">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="42065CEA4E1358955DC55C611573EEDA">
<treatmentCitation id="1D37C7A28AA9EBAC7A4352B278A2CD61">
<taxonomicName id="70F66A6998F042736CF6D8E3AE5A41C5" ID-CoL="3WK7R" authority="(Spreng.) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" baseAuthorityName="Spreng." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pachypetala">
<emphasis id="12E82C679A3979EAA47653940432B576" italics="true">Lycianthes pachypetala</emphasis>
(Spreng.) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein 
<collectingRegion id="477E83CCC24BBA943883DFEFC95077AC" country="Germany" name="Bremen">Bremen</collectingRegion>
24 [preprint]: 475. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="AC6288AD21D02EE230C5BA27DAC6D507">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="2E2D0D9F3C6F237CC7674D43608DE61D" ID-CoL="4Y3MB" authority="Spreng." authorityName="Spreng." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pachypetalon">
<emphasis id="13298D548B08B64E73B21466434BC09B" italics="true">Solanum pachypetalon</emphasis>
Spreng.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06E460CD0F89B1BC1B105447070ECC52">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB9E03722B641C2F6096FA42260F7488">
<treatmentCitation id="4DAD9E648385956D436FCA499E8738AD">
<taxonomicName id="C667603EB1E99DD0541692200663320B" ID-CoL="5PWRC" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pachypetala" variety="intermedia">
<emphasis id="A8A46984D1326822A8E867A547CA600D" italics="true">Lycianthes pachypetala</emphasis>
(Spreng.) Bitter 
<emphasis id="D25BF0746C2C4414A1CE48D7E6C1B558" italics="true">var. intermedia</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 477. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="C7F575DFACFE2F0A0EF095B2287EAB1C" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="06C8AA1400CF8AA48713A6208A1A6219" country="India" name="Sikkim">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
: Tashok [as Pashok in protologue] (= Tshoka), 1,594 [
<quantity id="7E50EB17E9236C93D1103204D2F87C7A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" unit="in" value="1600.0">1,600 in</quantity>
protologue] m, 
<emphasis id="6CCB9BB70C300BD295EDD61379EE4972" italics="true">T. Anderson 1030</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="4EB57444BBFBB708418EDD07AD80288E" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: 
<collectionCode id="7AB6CF5975E34C117E2B6AEFF6BFCEF0" country="India" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" name="Botanical Survey of India" type="Herbarium">CAL</collectionCode>
[acc. # 316742]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="749037728461C92574674B8545812814">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3695FCF33EAFAB204BE2D0F6FE20B8EA">
<treatmentCitation id="316D5C75568CEBAC1BCEC1E109A9106A">
<taxonomicName id="D1D0678C6E6E9F80E629A7D3E11CC5E0" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pachypetala" variety="grandis">
<emphasis id="75CAF18443FDE08AA6ECAF8F2AD862CC" italics="true">Lycianthes pachypetala</emphasis>
(Spreng.) Bitter 
<emphasis id="F5706E15AE6B3B165008115E926C09C8" italics="true">var. grandis</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 478. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="BDF1C7E912422A141D4D45BD617D137A" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. “ 
<collectingRegion id="195D3FAF1F0493802A9B7D95AE63396F" country="India" name="Sikkim">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
”, 
<date id="37F4B001DD820052BBD42D86C4DCE24F" value="1909-02">Feb 1909</date>
, “ Native collector ” s. n. (
<typeStatus id="226ABFE076CCCB05D3EF8CB883658C67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: WU [WU 0155118]; 
<typeStatus id="D216DE756657E8F8F8F59C460A031CB0" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
: W [acc. # 1909-0009669]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7524C6FF6FBDD6567FBA3E620505D95">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D5C0A8A034CB17F63242578AF4B089DA">
<treatmentCitation id="4158D3565C7463A6E494B0E4DA63310B">
<taxonomicName id="B31585AC1BCC82A8E01F4741EED15CC4" ID-CoL="3WK9D" authority="(Dunal) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncata">
<emphasis id="EE9C8C5FA4C07DDB399BBDBE23EC5372" italics="true">Lycianthes subtruncata</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein 
<collectingRegion id="DF2D01F4DEE2D4658DA3D16733C5D969" country="Germany" name="Bremen">Bremen</collectingRegion>
24 [preprint]: 478. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="7BE54484CBF6782CDBCAF02EE1411F7E">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="4617891654FC8E8F069DACDF3ADC76ED" ID-CoL="4Y4DF" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncatum">
<emphasis id="A51890E30CB98C98330E10119D567CF0" italics="true">Solanum subtruncatum</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName id="6F5EC03ED30C3EFD9D94A0CC19438188" ID-CoL="4Y4DF" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncatum">
<emphasis id="4D3EC997D55660FF56323AAE6D8FC613" italics="true">Solanum subtruncatum</emphasis>
Wall.
</taxonomicName>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FEC5E6A16935046711523AC8CB3851A1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BF80008E0F805C7C0B652DF189F20AD1">
<treatmentCitation id="1085EF200AFF2CCFB605A71BD4D03803">
<taxonomicName id="F790CF0AE19C139713C24C7ECA0183BB" ID-CoL="B5SBJ" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="subtruncata" variety="hypolasia">
<emphasis id="B1E32A17611199360108F73B289AC693" italics="true">Lycianthes subtruncata</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter 
<emphasis id="CBEA69AB5E986D31675D05D60070D18C" italics="true">var. hypolasia</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 480. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="ED558B2FA4D930DC39D9742071D028A5">Type</typeStatus>
. 
<collectingCountry id="1B60344C1F34A68582D7C4B20D86D4F3" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. “ 
<collectingRegion id="A733DE3F458B64B30E4D6D600AE372E7" country="India" name="Assam">Assam</collectingRegion>
”, Masters s. n. (“ ex herb hort. Calcutta, hb. Bogor ”; not found at BO, no duplicates found).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC7889ED2026E172AC2534989AAC6315">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C0A612401B9034EF075C8BE75D0DF0D3">
<treatmentCitation id="0288D2BCC825C6C17ECB69274601AF0D">
<taxonomicName id="6C221185740EAF4DF8745FAC31739AF0" ID-CoL="3WK3S" authority="(Nees) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" baseAuthorityName="Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bigeminata">
<emphasis id="2842F26B97790BD18C112F296997EBA3" italics="true">Lycianthes bigeminata</emphasis>
(Nees) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein 
<collectingRegion id="E7608F9572B3BFA19E0F46739071663D" country="Germany" name="Bremen">Bremen</collectingRegion>
24 [preprint]: 480. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="D5B7943DF8D493F2B2E685981B9E8F8D">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="CA24E34BF6ADB7AD2040CE5C742FDB84" ID-CoL="93W9Z" authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bigeminatum">
<emphasis id="EE3D720BF05AED514D0E5391847A0010" italics="true">Solanum bigeminatum</emphasis>
Nees
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64B9AC3720E7844A7BD27714CB3A140E">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0060458475817BC615C31C5CD2C9EC85">
<treatmentCitation id="E1BBC512DAAE1F8C9D32483CC10967C2">
<taxonomicName id="11340E7EDFD4EBC959932B18458E99A4" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="bigeminata" subSpecies="nodocalyx">
<emphasis id="BCD25B99F6738F2C869DCE0C03B0FEF7" italics="true">Lycianthes bigeminata</emphasis>
(Nees) Bitter 
<emphasis id="5AD2610015782D2481021ADE36AFE9C5" italics="true">subsp. nodocalyx</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 481. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="9D421CAC2B4802D7CB4EFC9EFC4E997C" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="FD23CE3ACFBD8FA4A34667CAE7069E66" country="India" name="Karnataka">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
: “ In campis aridis prope Mercara ”, 
<emphasis id="799B6FE6C1B272155520EC01F9565071" italics="true">R. F. Hohenacker 803</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="BACF6CC7D5A64B92AE7C61D2B0AB3C68" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, first stage designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="DDEEB299DD48EC9277A65B246BD75991" author="Hepper" editor="Dassanayake MD &amp; Fosberg FR" firstAuthor="Hepper" journalOrPublisher="Vol VI. Smithsonian and National Science Foundation USA, New Delhi" pagination="365-409" refId="B57" refString="Hepper FN (1987) Solanaceae. In: Dassanayake MD, Fosberg FR (Eds) A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Vol VI. Smithsonian and National Science Foundation USA, New Delhi, 365–409." title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon." year="1987">Hepper 1987</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 390 [as “ type ”], second stage designated here: K [K 000759401]; 
<typeStatus id="92972F22D09991E106F3408F50A27D72" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
: BM [BM 000900101], FI [
<accessionNumber id="CF1BFD2DC18332BFFCD26EFC007040C1" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FI009598">FI 009598</accessionNumber>
], M [M 00165986], SLO [n. v.]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="151EF19B3EDDB8EAB1112A64B0C780B2">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F5275DC3F1380A00DE79B94B1FEFA031">
<treatmentCitation id="E80EABE961284EE9574C7E07A9ED3EA9">
<taxonomicName id="93DE09267A86CE9DD8E809AF3C6A067E" authority="(Dunal) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="bigeminata" subSpecies="kaitisis">
<emphasis id="A258B9C5FE6205D4E23FCE916CEB8DCC" italics="true">Lycianthes bigeminata</emphasis>
(Nees) Bitter 
<emphasis id="30AF0FE1D480D7E6B1EC328F9CAB3187" italics="true">subsp. kaitisis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein 
<collectingRegion id="855D3DE994C544118166A63ABAB782EC" country="Germany" name="Bremen">Bremen</collectingRegion>
24 [preprint]: 481. 1919, as ‘ Kaitisis’
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="7E60CC3174AE90F73BA15887984D5871">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="25BF518CB972A5B99E64316B66FEE298" ID-CoL="4Y2XD" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaitisis">
<emphasis id="CB9946363753FB7AFD8A44962B27A101" italics="true">Solanum kaitisis</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BEA404F912A3C7B22317D3B46351FC07">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E1BE94025A8E229969D4F626D8018D01">
<treatmentCitation id="92878E9F935D5227EE83B7B920102F15">
<taxonomicName id="BFA0E61EE0269E421FE9926D75C16722" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1919" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminata" variety="parvifrons">
<emphasis id="3D6A3C95F645313877187F7B958D0B27" italics="true">Lycianthes bigeminata</emphasis>
(Nees) Bitter 
<emphasis id="ECCF5191BFAC3BADE5D823FE203ABB70" italics="true">var. parvifrons</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 482. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="A8B3B4C0D1BD1541D5062DBFA0A874BA" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="25F8FF55AE979206D4C600D5A837751B" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
: Nilghiri Hills, Ooty [“ Ootacamund, Nilgiri Hill, prov. Madras. 
<quantity id="90863D16FC39E826614BD3836565C869" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" unit="ft" value="7000.0">7,000 ft</quantity>
”], 
<date id="2A66C3EA083E12054EF0B0D57B505923" value="1882-06">Jun 1882</date>
, 
<emphasis id="ADA12FEC21D717F4C332E5C788A5299F" italics="true">D. Brandis 350</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="2AE364D091AAFE2D24F450A6F950557D" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: 
<collectionCode id="6A6C75A6FA091B5A883B11E61B29FCFE" country="Japan" name="Hiroshima Botanical Garden">HBG</collectionCode>
[HBG- 511357]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED837BF6748B043FC610337427E401C4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3DCE6BB980D7542F8CB8FE41F0E13077">
<treatmentCitation id="994E626C798DDF87B4545F0B124C9FEC">
<taxonomicName id="AC7FDB60D992DC0C30DDCDB99EF320CC" ID-CoL="B5SB5" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminata" variety="calycodonta">
<emphasis id="B76D149904E9E57E45D484FCFAEDC22A" italics="true">Lycianthes bigeminata</emphasis>
(Nees) Bitter 
<emphasis id="F11D218A03ED9DCF248001B48CEA1504" italics="true">var. calycodonta</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 24 [preprint]: 482. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="023B17BA198B684FC8B9EBF312669512" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="11BD1481AA4D20FFFAD95B8070DEBC02" country="India" name="Karnataka">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
: Kulhutty, “ Kulhutty, Bababood ”, ca. 
<quantity id="6B45EC31D54A094B171743765D0F9F16" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="m" value="1900.0">1,900 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="76AD157EDBFF41227F64DD56626A60BB" value="1908-10">Oct 1908</date>
, 
<emphasis id="F43B05BBBEBFA1988B0877B63A868C31" italics="true">A. Meebold 8878</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="F057D747CE15FE4873DA6371856A5A92" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: 
<collectionCode id="A23BD628791A8ABB628098484FD45825" country="India" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" name="Botanical Survey of India" type="Herbarium">CAL</collectionCode>
[acc. # 315662]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="393334FAA70543F7B3F13B6CC1C74FC0">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="65AB9E93A4B091F94FD09249AB692919">
<treatmentCitation id="A446C26F0319F010E46CCB08B44A631E">
<taxonomicName id="F8EF791472E5562BC4256D3614B91406" authority="(Dunal) Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="gouakai" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="bigeminata">
<emphasis id="B53450426297ADFC6BF11CB3FDF40D15" italics="true">Lycianthes bigeminata</emphasis>
(Nees) Bitter 
<emphasis id="B66D857A9AFD5028A3085F11B838318E" italics="true">forma gouakai</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein 
<collectingRegion id="39701C69F20B6B97FDF65649760EA232" country="Germany" name="Bremen">Bremen</collectingRegion>
24 [preprint]: 483. 1919, as “ Gouakai ”
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="FE1AB128FF62AA0608D25ABCD1EE9BE8">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="C7C69587511F0FF0E8A45857DD04A3DC" ID-CoL="5RK2V" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gouakai">
<emphasis id="D17EC88EFE6BD57130CC4C9FF240D5BA" italics="true">Solanum gouakai</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD43C0F452D0E76445678DD89D721DDD">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="DCC6ACCC38FF18CEEDAE1A494B50ACB4">
<treatmentCitation id="1331C6B871BD7E189E58676A5583A4C2">
<taxonomicName id="B2D6102953B2E2FC61772C3B04841FFE" authority="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="laevis" variety="brevipedicellata">
<emphasis id="B7F074165CC18A7899BAF6AA9E92A46E" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter 
<emphasis id="5B5E23ACE23E13C49575BF86988C3131" italics="true">var. brevipedicellata</emphasis>
Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein
</taxonomicName>
Bremen 24 [preprint]: 487. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="BA173BA9C6E3CD1B2401274A9AAB163E">Type</typeStatus>
. 
<collectingCountry id="55415B6F6D1ABE6737785400264A37AA" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. “ 
<collectingRegion id="F8CEF6DD56D5DAF418E1DEF4CA125D80" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
? Poeding zimbo! hb. Bogor ” (no specimens found at BO).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86580AF2FB7CC4D6D70C76C47A2302DF">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="983EE98B08F1F568ECE9C6DE194A7C19">
<treatmentCitation id="5195BB0F9CAA21528B96671CF523B60E">
<taxonomicName id="E7693AF7D3E895CABEDC2283CF96FFDA" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="laevis" variety="inaequidens">
<emphasis id="2C71433749312871575C47EF4A3BC8FC" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter 
<emphasis id="C806CF703F77A5C0C2AAFD18356273E9" italics="true">var. inaequidens</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins Bremen 24 [preprint]: 487. 1919
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="742D6504007C0CDB0196B52BA91AED9C" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. [
<collectingRegion id="30C24E987647A669BD10D1356EDF4352" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
]: “ am Berg Tamp ” [protologue] 
<collectingRegion id="E5A8485BDB6246DE51D4C1095791EC59" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">East Java</collectingRegion>
, in summo montis Taroeb [= Gunung Tarub], prov. Probolingo, 
<date id="23078335766AB74BA3099D3E13808161" value="1845-01-04">4 Jan 1845</date>
[from P 00369020], 
<emphasis id="44E803AEBE45CB7092351EB756D43BD1" italics="true">H. Zollinger 2597</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="23A190A8B3C7A0BD430ED0D5B27268B6" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: P [P 00379534, labelled later as 
<emphasis id="A93C67DF84B038D7B316B0D41FA75886" italics="true">2597 bis</emphasis>
]; 
<typeStatus id="3B34FC0CAE8BD6D91517D7C46EBFF066" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
: BM [BM 001018925], G [G 0343077, G 000357860], G-DC [G 00145616], P [P 00369013, P 00369020, as 
<emphasis id="A6C5854EB9D20B8F8C76D85F26E42F70" italics="true">2597 Z</emphasis>
] )).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F5B6F52811A33A1B248CCFC6D7636A7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="001040005658E41090D5FBADA671C4ED">
<treatmentCitation id="874E9C9C5FC4031B9122CBBA5684BAA9" author="Deb." journal="Bot. J. Linn Soc." page="293" score="50.350214376172545" volume="76" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="192BF00F94A30EC9CEAF75DEA9F92FE9" ID-CoL="5JG4T" authority="(Wall.) Deb." authorityName="Deb." baseAuthorityName="Wall." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="laevis" subSpecies="crassipetala">
<emphasis id="2CA842F030C0F11798561E4FE92829DD" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter 
<emphasis id="0CE295B1E12B04ABDE2C41276353B7D4" italics="true">subsp. crassipetala</emphasis>
(Wall.) Deb.
</taxonomicName>
, Bot. J. Linn Soc. 76: 293. 1978
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="70314BECC657BD4D31A475B812F259DB">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="5E28B0922D02C8A3561C84FDF65861E2" ID-CoL="4Y24K" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="0BD079AFBCA4F7475631EB2163FB44E7" italics="true">Solanum crassipetalum</emphasis>
Wall.
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2ABD154C3709FFC8BDF15871A13E8A1A">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E8219E5909975BDE4DBF7D006A07D709">
<treatmentCitation id="7AA39D80763C88458CA65E18805CB1D2" author="Deb" journal="Bot. J. Linn. Soc." page="293" score="50.350214376172545" volume="76" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="51C708A6980884A3A247730EB0E20448" ID-CoL="5JG4S" authority="(Nees) Deb" authorityName="Deb" baseAuthorityName="Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="laevis" subSpecies="bigeminata">
<emphasis id="2DA0B7C1CAE172D883BCF21A88ECD24A" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter 
<emphasis id="FE1B8623514DDE4942FA4500A03906D6" italics="true">subsp. bigeminata</emphasis>
(Nees) Deb
</taxonomicName>
, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 293. 1978
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="B4576B36DF887525BE149FD9809AE4E5">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="6A50163C8A836A56CDBA4BE2DC54B3DC" ID-CoL="93W9Z" authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bigeminatum">
<emphasis id="FE2725CF7040C8B5675EF01DC1E1AA16" italics="true">Solanum bigeminatum</emphasis>
Nees
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A7B7654DC736EF76411C3060CFA5A61">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C0511DB2847977C877EDF03A2737E4B1">
<treatmentCitation id="07BE890FA4A9A3F222ECA4971C8F9833" author="Deb" journal="Bot. J. Linn. Soc." page="293" score="50.350214376172545" volume="76" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="587AAFF500852BA461C78446E687A7B5" ID-CoL="3WK9D" authority="(Wall. ex Dunal) Deb" authorityName="Deb" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="laevis" subSpecies="subtruncata">
<emphasis id="6BFC26FF25D2F961AD2ABF10AE848A12" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter 
<emphasis id="475ADD2C1D8405AA88C13936900043D0" italics="true">subsp. subtruncata</emphasis>
(Wall. ex Dunal) Deb
</taxonomicName>
, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 293. 1978
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="3033DA18723219193E948977C18AFED8">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="490DFFBBD5C9D4A34EF715DF12B1BD1A" ID-CoL="4Y4DF" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncatum">
<emphasis id="5F0610A3F7B0B365A16D992F71BD3C37" italics="true">Solanum subtruncatum</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9DD01407360A78B8575A5D1AD922E15B">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8E321783645F0403893F4EC4D332A65">
<treatmentCitation id="80998FF6B34CE21FF907B5FB3DE2FB1E" author="Deb" journal="Bot. J. Linn. Soc." page="294" score="50.350214376172545" volume="76" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="D394302B2B080FD7132AF6149C64D0CE" ID-CoL="7JZ78" authority="(Dunal) Deb" authorityName="Deb" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="laevis" subSpecies="kaitisis">
<emphasis id="2170C395EDE0D6AAEF5648111DD84C57" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter 
<emphasis id="8E415D6B18376E0F08C8F285679128BD" italics="true">subsp. kaitisis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Deb
</taxonomicName>
, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 294. 1978
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="3C5B59FB3E6063486F9B07231728A4DE">Type</typeStatus>
. Baes on 
<taxonomicName id="6E12544A8D7EB978618070A721F1DBB8" ID-CoL="4Y2XD" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaitisis">
<emphasis id="289084CA59D53D2F20E92C8327FE8719" italics="true">Solanum kaitisis</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFA912560F5F682DF13029DDBB4888EC">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="CC71900D011DF858CFEDD96F19194EA3">
<treatmentCitation id="3F0414F1A7509DE14A927177B8F8F381" author="Deb" journal="Bot. J. Linn. Soc." page="294" score="50.350214376172545" volume="76" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="71B734108D1A38E479B191CCB1C5E631" ID-CoL="5PWQN" authority="(Dunal) Deb" authorityName="Deb" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="laevis" variety="gouakai">
<emphasis id="97E841C1E1AEF1D0818F895619CE086C" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter 
<emphasis id="DEA7F72EB3DAA17152A86DBBF1963532" italics="true">var. gouakai</emphasis>
(Dunal) Deb
</taxonomicName>
, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 294. 1978
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<typeStatus id="9405401DF6A7AF969F6AAA0042BA452C">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="8B9DB03B38C46C898C0FC440ABFE0C25" ID-CoL="5RK2V" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gouakai">
<emphasis id="7E583AF71ED1F0BAB512B7AC7FA5841E" italics="true">Solanum gouakai</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DF58834DFD27562D1B1A89B95417847">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F0A10AF48AA50459AB8A025008EB7853">
<treatmentCitation id="5EBD56EE660BCE6A7CE87431EF8631E4" author="Bole &amp; Ameida" issue="2" journal="J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc." page="378" score="102.97837005415418" volume="81" year="1984">
<taxonomicName id="318E87F7B71BE3D1852791A38EEDCB4B" ID-CoL="7JZ78" authority="(Dunal) Bole &amp; Ameida" authorityName="Bole &amp; Ameida" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="laevis" subSpecies="kaitisis">
<emphasis id="65EF4B74B2CC525D759193ACD2392839" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
(Dunal) 
<emphasis id="E2A8485F57B99B25E8997271030D1924" italics="true">subsp. kaitisis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bole &amp; Ameida
</taxonomicName>
, J. 
<collectingCountry id="C87F0CFA49C4EB3435A2BA132C07A845" name="India">Bombay</collectingCountry>
Nat. Hist. Soc. 81 (2): 378. 1984, nom. illeg.
</treatmentCitation>
, not 
<taxonomicName id="869115A2F2EE8C1D8850F15CA1613421" ID-CoL="7JZ78" authority="(Dunal) Deb (1978)" authorityName="Deb" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="laevis" subSpecies="kaitisis">
<emphasis id="4B3B6DF31B38AF2F055B90FF242735D5" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis subsp. kaitisis</emphasis>
(Dunal) 
<bibRefCitation id="205BC68F8C47463462AA2A5F2B54ED7A" DOI="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1978.tb01816.x" author="Deb DB" editor="Hawkes JG" firstAuthor="Deb" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pagination="292-294" refId="B40" refString="Deb DB (1978) Some new combinations for Indian taxa of Lycianthes (Solanaceae). In: Hawkes JG (Ed.) Systematic notes on Solanaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 76: 292–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1978.tb01816.x" title="Some new combinations for Indian taxa of Lycianthes (Solanaceae)." volume="76" volumeTitle="Systematic notes on Solanaceae." year="1978">Deb (1978)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<typeStatus id="D944CA281EBC49D24F9C6792BCC66F2F">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="180A464609966F0015DF63555D91F6A9" ID-CoL="4Y2XD" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaitisis">
<emphasis id="C4E75AAE83F6A1B0EB645512D0AF1A94" italics="true">Solanum kaitisis</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="274E3EB79655E1EA211BECE05F3864FC">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A39B43EEAE8CFD558877E6E8712EAA32">
<treatmentCitation id="DD0BEE1A5965E838903B7E62260B97AE" author="C. Y. Wu &amp; S. C. Huang" issue="2" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="78" score="3.863100345872848" volume="16" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="76E5B3B2C7B7B8E3701E2CBEABBCF502" ID-CoL="3WK6Z" authority="C. Y. Wu &amp; S. C. Huang" authorityName="C. Y. Wu &amp; S. C. Huang" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marlipoensis">
<emphasis id="F78246481B189339F62D02FB893356C3" italics="true">Lycianthes marlipoensis</emphasis>
C. Y. Wu &amp; S. C. Huang
</taxonomicName>
, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16 (2): 78. 1978
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="EA6A72A9EC09DB24DA417937C6766107" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="3FCBEA5E1CDE7D54F10FCA0CDAD6FEF2" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
: Malipo, 
<quantity id="7434305352D54C116EA75AF56A34A585" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1100.0">
<geoCoordinate id="E6ABCCE1032D72E55B99B7437CCB3103" degrees="1,100" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="1.1">1,100</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A33037F54D114FDB495E49AE0269F3E7" degrees="1,400" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-1.4">–1,400</geoCoordinate>
m
</quantity>
, 
<date id="5124BA0A9EBEA5AE982304625E76E2B2" value="1937-11-13">13 Nov 1937</date>
, 
<emphasis id="3062E29A82B4861760A307242ACEAEB0" italics="true">G. Feng [Feng Guomei or K. M. Feng] 13227</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="8B0D452C42B47E127F8E55D1405DBDA9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: KUN [no acc. #]; 
<typeStatus id="E27C9E6C498F49C0E5FD70DB99364832" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
: PE [00633459]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E44D3015B59567895D0242C78DC5B4D7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6070B70C0AF6CC50A666C6938713E3F4">
<treatmentCitation id="10C162919F766A7E2F4812B479DFDAF2" author="C. Y. Wu &amp; S. C. Huang" issue="2" journal="Acta Phytotax. Sin." page="79" score="3.863100345872848" volume="16" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="86FCFF4BE72978CCBB61212F508799BD" ID-CoL="7LWYH" authority="C. Y. Wu &amp; S. C. Huang" authorityName="C. Y. Wu &amp; S. C. Huang" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="subtruncata" variety="paucicarpa">
<emphasis id="1EC05316438FFCE1DA58590EF0BF293A" italics="true">Lycianthes subtruncata</emphasis>
(Wall.) Bitter 
<emphasis id="B3C7645E18BC1AF8E3C00EA102F686F6" italics="true">var. paucicarpa</emphasis>
C. Y. Wu &amp; S. C. Huang
</taxonomicName>
, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16 (2): 79. 1978
</treatmentCitation>
. Type. 
<collectingCountry id="C3E373602ED75ADD190D5357D145DC65" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="53704A413EC108938AC35C1E9C9C28C9" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
: Longling, 
<quantity id="7342BB03F3A46F0E6CC469BD0030D471" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">1,600 m</quantity>
, 21 De 1933, 
<emphasis id="4F154C40D9F02F5961D75899EE5EC6A7" italics="true">H. T Tsai [Cai Xitao] 56685</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="4BA66BF09CC3246B89AE7CDE1ED5D6E4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: KUN [KUN 1278691, acc. # 182540]; 
<typeStatus id="28AFEE5BE7A5D8E13A8B420075E48509" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
: A [00077124], LBG [00095865], PE [00031304],
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5095C5947FC92D985DDFB92DFE9424AB">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3BDBC5BC7E7B776C0E492BF5E910204B">
<treatmentCitation id="1D681AE54DAF4A4158950951BFE687FF" author="R. R. Mill" issue="3" journal="Edinburgh J. Bot." page="465" score="11.793866417724223" volume="57" year="2000">
<taxonomicName id="DE3FEFE83D83B2E72B5EF2791B824F18" ID-CoL="5JG4T" authority="(Wall.) R. R. Mill" authorityName="R. R. Mill" baseAuthorityName="Wall." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetala">
<emphasis id="C7383366590471EF1C4C544BF04D037E" italics="true">Lycianthes crassipetala</emphasis>
<comment id="C7900626691CB62D5A3551A2B775F2A8">
(Wall.) R. R. Mill, 
<bibCitation id="5D843F5117E4C9EB5D23839F247524CE" issue="3" journal="Edinburgh J. Bot." page="465" score="11.793866417724223" volume="57" year="2000">
<collectingRegion id="7E6CDAE9A45132BB66FB1BAE43D0FDB5" country="United Kingdom" name="City of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</collectingRegion>
J. Bot. 57 (3): 465. 2000
</bibCitation>
, as “ 
<emphasis id="7DD1C12F9024ABDBD82CCEE205F133E4" italics="true">crassipetalum</emphasis>
”. 
<typeStatus id="FDCA47EAA273A918F8890712DEB81E12">Type</typeStatus>
. Based on 
<taxonomicName id="1FD7752CE3FFF3FD66A1233D928EFC65" ID-CoL="4Y24K" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="29F30721AA76DA580F2D2477AC9F6EEF" italics="true">Solanum crassipetalum</emphasis>
Wall.
</taxonomicName>
</comment>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESBEK" type="material">
<paragraph id="1EEDABC90772F21E5F660823B212893C">
<heading id="B418479E430698E941384A981179B261" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="4F0FA7C31A97572629BFC80A6C719A5C">Type</typeStatus>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF6B8AF98C953C54F4C4A340E15FEE4A">
Based on 
<taxonomicName id="2DA60957B662A96C7FFEF4E2D1B5F7C1" authority="Dunal" authorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laeve">
<emphasis id="23E206146FBADED099AFA04B9F673C25" italics="true">Solanum laeve</emphasis>
Dunal
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDCEK" type="description">
<paragraph id="E32C982F4D569B41C364F6957401DEBA">
<heading id="47094333AA34480D2A06780034580136" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE879553D5DDE7821BC6A3DEEEC88C26">
Shrubs or lax subshrubs, 
<quantity id="93C41A235A193C2CFA5FD577A340F384" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</quantity>
tall; stems terete, glabrous or variously pubescent with whitish grey translucent simple uniseriate 2–8 - celled trichomes 
<quantity id="C1E9D346408C84232F428136572719E2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
long, these appressed or spreading, older stems glabrescent; new growth glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent with translucent, simple, uniseriate 2–8 - celled trichomes 
<quantity id="65EB2C8A2B5EEA5A371F6B268E60E017" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.5 mm</quantity>
long; bark of older stems glabrescent, yellow-green to greyish brown or dark brown. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate, the leaves of a pair differing in size and occasionally in shape, if different in shape slightly more ovate. Leaves simple; blades of major leaves (2 –) 
<quantity id="7C4FBA4BB9CD8B2FFD701AD888401B0B" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="5.0">5–22 cm</quantity>
long, (1 –) 
<quantity id="BF1B3B8F30E9C47F314A6BCD53C825CA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="cm" value="6.75" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–11 cm</quantity>
wide, elliptic to occasionally narrowly elliptic, widest in the middle or just below, concolorous, but occasionally somewhat discolorous in live plants, membranous; adaxial surfaces glabrous or sparsely to moderately evenly pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems, these denser along the veins, the lamina always visible; abaxial surfaces glabrous to moderately and evenly pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems, if pubescent the lamina clearly visible; principal veins 5–10 pairs, glabrous or sparsely to moderately pubescent, the tertiary venation drying darker; base attenuate and somewhat decurrent onto the petiole; margins entire or in some populations (see discussion) toothed in the distal half, in pubescent plants ciliate with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems to 
<quantity id="1AF40F787A02F085606EEFFFD709C1D0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, if toothed the teeth to ca. 
<quantity id="94CFEA20B22BC0D0EEA42FE27C2739DF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long, ca. 
<quantity id="90F8EB18C051702F9D8C20275DA3C0F8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
wide, broadly triangular with acute tips; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 
<quantity id="91E21B307C0ABC17C977848125A538E6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="cm" value="2.2" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="0.9">0.9–3.5 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous or pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and new growth; blades of minor leaves (1 –) 
<quantity id="8E75643660D3DB5625ACFEFF0A76E150" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 cm</quantity>
long, (0.5 –) 
<quantity id="1260DCF0B259F8E8233D530B0703F9CE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.0">1–6 cm</quantity>
wide, elliptic to narrowly elliptic or sometimes almost ovate; surfaces like those of the major leaves, the minor leaves often deciduous; principal veins of minor leaves 3–6 pairs; base attenuate or sometimes only acute; margins entire or very occasionally toothed, usually entire even when the margins of major leaves are toothed; apex acute to acuminate; petiole of minor leaves 
<quantity id="7B5DB47F1DD6AE68C826E5CACD8272A7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="cm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent like the stems. Inflorescences axillary, in fascicles or on a fleshy stub ca. 
<quantity id="A0A8CFED7444534198D90238BB352DDF" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, with (1) 4–10 (16) flowers, glabrous or with a few trichomes at the pedicel bases; pedicels at anthesis 1 – (1.5) 
<quantity id="EECF7CBE84DC5A94EBF856707367EB9A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
long, ca. 
<quantity id="B1F2B067461EE3B46BC20F35BED2AB3E" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, ca. 
<quantity id="F26C29A342A92AAA4F03F00C903AC7A0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, ca. 
<quantity id="F126894C732914905871D3F48C9C1F12" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the apex, spreading, glabrous to variously pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems, articulated at the base; pedicel scars tightly packed and overlapping. Buds ellipsoid, strongly tapered and pointed, the corolla never completely included, even in small buds, strongly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis, the calyx appendages usually more apparent in bud. Flowers 5 - merous, cosexual. Calyx tube 
<quantity id="60F30B83325B8412F2BE1461F294D828" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="D85865A0C6E0C051646710AFEFC039E5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
wide at the mouth, obconical or an open cuplike structure, sometimes weakly 5 - ridged, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the pedicels, with 5 appendages arising at or ca. 
<quantity id="3A79CE21431F2E798E4EAE6A7CFE9B44" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
below the hyaline rim, these more visible in bud, the appendages 
<quantity id="2A3B614B3917D8F1E6A7A62759A086D7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–4 mm</quantity>
long, ca, 
<quantity id="3C46DF3FE859BCA89FEF5D4984309ED2" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
wide, small nubs to curved and linear, usually erect or spreading and parallel to the calyx tube, glabrous or pubescent with a few simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems and pedicels. Corolla 1.3–2.5 (3) cm in diameter, white to variously purple, stellate, lobed 3 / 4 or nearly to the base, interpetalar tissue mostly absent but a thin edge of tissue apparent on lobe margins, the lobes 
<quantity id="F2BE8F0AD7C37028C9267699D3A78F2A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6–9 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="5693A6858A112B7C9F13C84065287515" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
wide, spreading, glabrous on both surfaces, the tips and margins densely papillate, the tips somewhat cucullate. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 
<quantity id="F8B582E9DFA5E5BA7EFB4B02682EC635" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
long, glabrous; anthers 
<quantity id="4FCDE5A0F9AF8F307C0C9BA0145940CE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="16F903BD7F044E929D73175AD9E4C049" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
wide, ellipsoid and tapering to a beak-like apex, tightly connivent, yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores tear-drop shaped and edged with white in dry material, lengthening to slits with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 
<quantity id="E6D054EE509ADFC9BD8021B882173622" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.5" unit="mm" value="7.75" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.5">5.5–10 mm</quantity>
long, exserted from the anther cone, glabrous; stigma prominently capitate, the surfaces minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 
<quantity id="9EFB67872A6AE258B11DFB3818B35C7D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" unit="cm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.3 cm</quantity>
in diameter, green when immature, bright red when mature, the pericarp glabrous, thin, shiny, and transparent at fruit maturity; fruiting pedicels 
<quantity id="8C3AC5E470A82F0171EEC39BEF58867B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.8" unit="cm" value="2.4" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.8">1.8–3 cm</quantity>
long, ca. 
<quantity id="A2AF33725CA6E84CE562995A7B0F18EE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, ca. 
<quantity id="F3E84994BC80975C98B84D32AF593A73" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the apex, spreading or erect; fruiting calyx not accrescent or expanding, but remaining a plate-like structure, often reflexed below berry in dry specimens, the appendages spreading. Seeds 16–60 per berry, 
<quantity id="54EE72737F393A0D8DAF78B897ECA2B8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="2D81C026D7F846DF44828D267D098458" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
wide, flattened and triangular or somewhat tear-drop shaped, pale straw-colored or yellow, the surfaces deeply pitted, the testal cells rectangular to pentagonal, the lateral walls very thick, prominent “ hairy ” appendages absent. Stone cells absent. Chromosome number not known.
</paragraph>
<caption id="73D72968154CC3E2BD91DFDDBD19D6DB" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure12" ID-arpha="02254185-6434-5C8A-A40D-1D04172BA5A5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103805" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="32537B36D7693B0135D35A4FE0D975A1">
<label id="F4C5FE3AD6AF80A7C1F6610C76647CCF">Figure 12.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2043D303F39A5F8E6730998D41A689A2">
<taxonomicName id="88A70210E01B382A76A17585795BACA9" authority="(Dunal) Bitter" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="CEC0089729FAD547484C2B759C085572" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
(Dunal) Bitter
</taxonomicName>
herbarium specimen. India. Tamil Nadu, 
<emphasis id="868AF8DF23C5BE5836D07C758AC171CF" italics="true">Beddome 5486</emphasis>
(BM 00900116). Courtesy of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, reproduced with permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ECDEK" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="387F7628287FA455CA4A1E6656A46BE1">
<heading id="FFE50B942816B1B212AFDD61FCBE274C" reason="title">Distribution</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C8473D6E3FA25CABA3FBBA613B3F885">
<emphasis id="C47B707AD5047D86C6A59FC1D5C00DDE" bold="true">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="70F495A358AB8C9665A799FF40F15078" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of Lycianthes laevis." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103806">13</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25E560D7C9EB41B409B885AFB9184D41" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="3ABA7398A9D0F089426B8FFD6E4DFF0C" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed across tropical and subtropical Asia. It occurs in 
<collectingCountry id="5C8C44B194EAFDE7057E7843BD6A8F53" name="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="4F5F6DFCCD6DA304EE58392FEF1C0D0D" name="Bhutan">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="3D0888EC3514B59D1AF0317F57D60645" name="Brunei">Brunei Darussalam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="A44512187B6E19C73D4B91620DC6B14B" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="689B7525FA6B67446CC332642E5E392D" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="EE55A04E1AF805600AAA8C7BC5F476EB" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F8D12D386EB6A8F19932D05A72D33B72" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="4FD737E9A3681A1990778E2E68190603" name="Laos">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="50C9740DA2FBFCFB03E812369F8C6668" name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="949163EBBB85A26F3032B02F8CD19797" name="Myanmar">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="478F5C62087AFBE77ED7494DE89B069D" name="Myanmar">Burma</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="21E490C3D7ECC8E43B9BEB66C60523A0" name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6A214FB8B904255641B99F29F71FD67D" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="182F4B42172862CBA61339D59BF53708" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="7987CB82D1B13541599B3584D99037B1" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="27169D52F6BCA9367BE4867D710DADA5" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="73878FF94EAD4F3E1DB01AF77A0735F3" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure13" ID-arpha="A43D8BBE-217D-5DC3-B2BC-7C12B515E51F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103806" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="0CA9E6372925DA00FBC267B3AF9F8FCD">
<label id="50291360A034DDA2D696C5CF5CA10BBB">Figure 13.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="443441842EFD47CC7C32B7A9BF8B162F">
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="492B9B77CA9D636217084D458C027C61" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="9DCE1AA7A5E4D8D9EDC4CBC5A2F9E1E6" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESEEK" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="6D81A3CE3F52D3FDBF41AEB5C78444C9">
<heading id="35079495CA5703DC9210D4A35C62635A" reason="title">Ecology and habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C96E32394CD1C8C8AC2A938E0FBDDE6E">
<taxonomicName id="41E70EA54B6CBF6C29F59EBABCEFD087" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="1E1A6FAEF4DEDABDCC6A217E0E274E77" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in a wide variety of forest 
<typeStatus id="691E4CFBA4D472734656DA6BBB4B11C5">types</typeStatus>
from montane forest to evergreen and semi-evergreen forest to dry hillsides. It is often found in shrubby undergrowth or in light gaps and along paths, from (90 –) 
<quantity id="628F42E7D07C4355A534042223E93354" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.5" unit="m" value="1300.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="500.0">500 to 2,100 m</quantity>
elevation. Most collections are from between 900 and 
<quantity id="C3AA90294A73604FEDC22D45CCA3DC85" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2,000 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDFEK" type="Common names">
<paragraph id="A63E3B539A408BD702B41F9A553CCC8B">
<heading id="5C3EEBA4605C2D0563AB753A01CC1E08" reason="title">Common names.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EDD0D517C0E37D0058560F0AA286234E">
<collectingCountry id="C4C0B64EC2BC42B80B66FA5D4590EFFE" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
. ma po hong six ian (as 
<taxonomicName id="FEA4615E0B34E711C2BB73F9E19934CF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marlipoensis">
<emphasis id="ADB7421350D3621F9625D78CBBF4F4D5" italics="true">L. marlipoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), que chi hong si xian (
<bibRefCitation id="3D494A3DE81834903A42D8D24276883B" author="Zhang" editor="Wu ZY &amp; Raven PH" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zhang" journalOrPublisher="17. Science Press Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis" pagination="300-332" refId="B134" refString="Zhang ZY, Lu AM, D’Arcy WG (1994) Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China, Vol. 17. Science Press Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, 300–332." title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of China, Vol." year="1994">Zhang et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="94127276BDD5801BE397DAA1FD92C99C" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. Mizaram: vainan (
<emphasis id="280E41A2EDDD5CA92FDCCF29598C4485" italics="true">Mrs. Parry 405</emphasis>
); 
<collectingRegion id="CA8BB018ABE4BB2E6AEF48AEED52CA3B" country="India" name="Karnataka">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
: kandukachi (
<emphasis id="BC88987B6CE8ED54DFA6313B80809FB4" italics="true">Raghavan 67850</emphasis>
); “ 
<collectingRegion id="F09289948C88EBDF45C0E45A2EC2DF87" country="India" name="Sikkim">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
”: kanom bi bur, knombi (both 
<emphasis id="F98AD96FEF64B091C814468CAF267878" italics="true">Anon. s. n</emphasis>
.); 
<collectingRegion id="B43888ABF63A8CCA714A1893065413C5" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
: 
<taxonomicName id="2C011DC40193EE09C1DCE244EF427B7E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gouakai">
<emphasis id="EA4D5C11130DEA88FD47BCA6E7857896" italics="true">gouakai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="744A10E106F8D5AF3F2644397FC53B52" italics="true">Leschenault de la Tour 311</emphasis>
). 
<collectingCountry id="1DF18972ACD83FEB667F9E4294763AEA" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. bu-lum (
<bibRefCitation id="37F6227EA5FEB231A92021F17E9204AA" author="Blume" firstAuthor="Blume" refId="B14" refString="Blume CL (1823) Catalogus van eenige der Merkwaardigste Zoo in- als Uitheemse Gewassen te Vinden in ‘ s Lands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg. Jakarta." year="1823">Blume 1823</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="BD860C8A5D9C3C77E157486A02BEAC54" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="897CAA5E77399EADDEB3D22ED680E45D" italics="true">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<collectingRegion id="FB7C82717A929AE1BC72D5640A32A8A5" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
: ikkaoe-paet (
<emphasis id="6721FE3B7C4A2A6704DB126A7302BAF4" italics="true">si Boeea 10641</emphasis>
), kajoe paga (
<emphasis id="94F7FCAE84BE6D0B273687E9B4B4058B" italics="true">si Boeea 7082</emphasis>
), poga poga batoe (
<emphasis id="F5319FEDB9AECE6E22AF873EA8B66044" italics="true">si Boeea 10563</emphasis>
). 
<collectingCountry id="E59E1D1DF82175B66AE78E31EA942031" name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
. bulung (Sundanese language, 
<bibRefCitation id="8EC299A7124BA6911D7BA6D590D732AA" author="Burkill" firstAuthor="Burkill" refId="B18" refString="Burkill IH (1935) A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." year="1935">Burkill 1935</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="9D3CFE1E67CD457940F2A096CEF875A5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blumei">
<emphasis id="F33F71EB646982C9DE7935AA9C2C1436" italics="true">S. blumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), tĕrong chator (language uncertain, 
<bibRefCitation id="3E01CB25F6E0A6D9F445998616B493E7" author="Burkill" firstAuthor="Burkill" refId="B18" refString="Burkill IH (1935) A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." year="1935">Burkill 1935</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="C4D56E422CD8C32CCB69585BEBB9877D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blumei">
<emphasis id="0059A3797AE7A539BD52FA6831D5BAED" italics="true">S. blumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<collectingRegion id="FCA6FCA1FADB7E477C45C877B6B85AF2" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor">Selangor</collectingRegion>
: bayma hutan (Temuan language, 
<emphasis id="B90C3A32E0E551542A21296A9D97483B" italics="true">Millard 1792</emphasis>
). 
<collectingCountry id="A3A4B0B2536076D42F89D5E85DE3C535" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
. cà ng ủ c ặp đôi (as 
<taxonomicName id="735969554E9764DCBC7DE72CAF467A6E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bigeminata">
<emphasis id="159F9B51CF14B21C2CB017C83DF02B02" italics="true">L. bigeminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), cà ng ủ nh ẵn (
<bibRefCitation id="7C5AE4C40D955DD44C1A4344D9CF821D" author="Hop" firstAuthor="Hop" refId="B60" refString="Hop VV (2017) Solanaceae. In: Th ực V ật Chí Vi ệt Nam [Flora of Vietnam]. Vol. 17. Publishing House for Science and Technology, Na Noi, 9–218." year="2017">Hop 2017</bibRefCitation>
). The leaves were eaten and cooked locally in northern 
<collectingCountry id="7118D0AF88BFC39D5904C61F74DED65A" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="04B502D2F5E704F692888A8A4E577FA6" italics="true">Anon. s. n.</emphasis>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="B5E9B81E9898A66FE3FC067CA27797E7" author="Burkill IH" firstAuthor="Burkill" refId="B18" refString="Burkill IH (1935) A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. 2: I-Z. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London." year="1935">Burkill (1935)</bibRefCitation>
records in Java the use of leaves as a vegetable and the sweet, edible nature of the fruits; he also recorded the use of the seeds in cure of toothache but was unsure if it is this species being used for this purpose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGJEK" type="Preliminary conservation assessment">
<paragraph id="8034B7374956AAF2D64D3DC723E62FA8">
<heading id="A957A278211D9E90123FCAB51AADA94D" reason="title">Preliminary conservation assessment</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE87C6B321C97BE3C9DC641CF1A8C7AF">
<emphasis id="379D88B32A48966A802F1F90AECB9D8C" bold="true">
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8C23B0911A2CF64BCC363C6AC0B1549" refId="B64" refString="IUCN (2020) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2020">IUCN 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETJEK" xlink_title="Extent of Occurrence">EOO</abbrev>
(
<quantity id="51C1CB656B1F3C8924BE0AEECDEB7280" metricMagnitude="10" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5152927999999999" unit="km" value="1.5152928E7">15,152,928 km</quantity>
<superScript id="DF20C0A4F497E2B81836556C53CF2FC5">2</superScript>
- 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZJEK" xlink_title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev>
); 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4JEK" xlink_title="Area of Occurrence">AOO</abbrev>
(
<quantity id="A1E2CB05FD6D74DB0CE5CE52A6C84FF6" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="800.0">800 km</quantity>
<superScript id="765C076382F6FC76FD5DD9DF25D72577">2</superScript>
- VU). 
<taxonomicName id="469B27C4203B520DC7C3756E98AAA507" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="207BE792296F85DDC41216E6DE807E96" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a weedy species known from more than five localities and is very widely distributed in the region. Throughout the range it is known from protected areas (e. g., Gunung Gede Pangrango on 
<collectingRegion id="C295F87E22A1C84C1388EADB0BD441EB" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
, Kerinci Seblat on 
<collectingRegion id="33EC30448A486DD0CFEEF1EEDC6A4283" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="D945F5A2784FC8CB3A85B997F3BE5B2E" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
; Western Ghats in 
<collectingRegion id="DEA17C2ABAFCEC06ABCE95FD84518685" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="FC5043D6B0DB5357E52E3682BC424907" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
). The assessment of Vulnerable (VU) based on 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOKEK" xlink_title="Area of Occurrence">AOO</abbrev>
is likely due to collecting bias, but also due to the island nature of the distribution. I therefore assign it a preliminary status of Least Concern (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESKEK" xlink_title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWKEK" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="DA4D0120CBAAEE3A0640A7D287B1F18F">
<heading id="47C45535EA7FDEE7C758673344ABEBF7" reason="title">Discussion.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A10621E3F22BA147A8C777AA8980175A">
<taxonomicName id="134462EFA0434378F7A58B86E2734E9A" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="9F80C2212C0B8B1F06EBDAD793B5B8F7" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widespread species with considerable regional variation. It can be recognised by its calyx with 5 appendages, these are usually quite short, but in southern 
<collectingCountry id="13836EED9AC21B46FFA00F626FE6FBE2" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="87C5E9D652E154929357527329F21F05" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
can be filiform and up to several mm long (Figs 
<figureCitation id="480768FE5517D72B0DDD37BF288DBA59" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Calyx appendage variation of Lycianthes in Asia A L. biflora with 10 equal calyx appendages (Nuraliev s. n, Vietnam [no voucher]) B L. laevis with 5 calyx appendages (Mustaqim s. n., Indonesia; DOL 207886) C L. parasitica with small, nub-like calyx appendages (Pelser &amp; Barcelona s. n., Philippines; DOL 84744) D L. oliveriana with thick, warty calyces with no appendages (Damas et al. SAJ- 1050, Papua New Guinea) E L. schizocalyx with long flower pedicels and 10 unequal calyx appendages (Heyer s. n., Philippines; DOL 151906) F L. shunningensis with 10 strongly reflexed calyx appendages (Averyanov 887, Laos). Photograph credits: A Maxim Nuraliev B Wendy Mustaqim C Pieter B. Pelser &amp; Julie F. Barcelona D Shelley James E Philippe Heyer F Leonid Averyanov. DOL numbers are identifiers from PhytoImages (https://phytoimages.siu.edu). Details of collecting localities can be found in Suppl. material 2." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103796">3 B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="0A899E5E7B0E635200BAA5D74F210615" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Flowers of Lycianthes in Asia A L. banahaensis with tetramerous yellow flowers, note the stigma sitting almost within the anther tube (Rule s. n., Philippines; DOL 134710) B L. biflora with membranous corolla lobes and a minutely capitate stigma (Knapp et al. 10106, China) C L. laevis flower with green blotches at the base of the corolla lobes (Mustaqim s. n., Indonesia; DOL 207828) D L. parasitica flower with spreading corolla lobes and capitate stigma (Tandang s. n., Philippines; DOL 76576597) E L. rantonnetii rotate corolla with orange, slightly curved anthers (Stevenson s. n., cultivated in Mexico; DOL 183568) F L. shunningensis with very short reflexed calyx appendages and cucullate corolla lobe tips (Nuraliev et al. 2810, Vietnam). Photograph credits: A Greg Rule B Sandra Knapp C Wendy Mustaqim D Danilo Tandang; E Dennis Stevenson F Maxim Nuraliev. DOL numbers are identifiers from PhytoImages (https://phytoimages.siu.edu). Details of collecting localities can be found in Suppl. material 2." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103797">4 C</figureCitation>
). The calyx appendages always appear longer in bud. A collection from Mount Makiling in the 
<collectingCountry id="887B464AD9B9971349A61B3E40EE71A0" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="4733F757F94C5C5A0204FBF425BC135F" italics="true">Sulit 8499</emphasis>
) has a single flower with 7 appendages, but this is the only example of 
<taxonomicName id="FDA9F45A9DCC49764D246C6333D8218C" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="E32FC99742CAA3D182430A4DC9EB4C0B" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
I have seen with more than 5 calyx appendages. 
<taxonomicName id="B28FF5DE565DA0616EEB8B81ED7F2AA4" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="4A739EE313EF78A60167418417834413" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other species in the area with 5 calyx appendages (e. g., 
<taxonomicName id="B71C8A0E517BDD56168B4863E1921D9C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="banahaensis">
<emphasis id="F2D3F3A838276979827C9D66693A5557" italics="true">L. banahaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="390E0F4C215BBB7C00359D3AA04250E2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bimensis">
<emphasis id="4F5499F4F3C0FF0A27095679FF79C7BA" italics="true">L. bimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by its shrubby versus tree habit and in its cosexual flowers with membranous (versus thick and somewhat fleshy) corolla lobes. Like those of 
<taxonomicName id="53BE0A4AEC3F5723D343B5D5B46DCF72" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins" baseAuthorityName="Merrill and Merritt" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizocalyx">
<emphasis id="55B796CADE214AD96099E40650CBB420" italics="true">L. schizocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the pedicels in fruit can be elongate, in both species reaching to 
<quantity id="175CFDC78B94705DE2C3A67BC5C70B04" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
long. The berries of 
<taxonomicName id="80E27831E3F7D4625D5455B8ACB47B4F" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="1870BC93E0000FB6CE7D7DEF77E4C036" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are marginally smaller (
<quantity id="08AB157396EDF8C93D908FD68E1DA444" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" unit="cm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.3 cm</quantity>
in diameter versus 
<quantity id="F88DDC8882DFEB8CDB6A313E1855E6EB" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.0">1–1.3 cm</quantity>
in diameter) but the number of calyx appendages (
<quantity id="F0931572FDA6E7085AF6A47139863EC1" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="41AB34C3EC0067D2D0E8E9EF5CB14E8E" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins" baseAuthorityName="Merrill and Merritt" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizocalyx">
<emphasis id="508B009946C546510B3EB1CB2CA2CB83" italics="true">L. schizocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus 
<quantity id="E710D0CE1FCE946D5DB9E5E95C994FBF" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="CC4C3E2F2596FA7832D95F467634AE7F" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="44B9C53D1DA8A898E24A0E60B9A7E101" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64BB319BBEA3B05822552EDC14676055">
Like 
<taxonomicName id="98C2D9A3EBAB713CCFAE1CA0E8843CD9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biflora">
<emphasis id="0665D666FFEEECB1FD824A50B7D18B65" italics="true">L. biflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, pubescence density in 
<taxonomicName id="09703B31EB1B2F73EFF51EE3855E8BF0" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="E7DF8C62131AEF75B5A07862DCF48317" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely variable. Many specimens are nearly glabrous (including the 
<typeStatus id="513171703F75852ACCF4B9F966E51168">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="584A97BCB6113308DFB5EAB1994548ED" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laeve">
<emphasis id="136FFA189F20235D37DEFA702AD90D2C" italics="true">S. laeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) whereas others (e. g., 
<emphasis id="C786E2B556126EDA7C1677A0C8A4B5DC" italics="true">Brandis 350</emphasis>
, the 
<typeStatus id="EEF23BAF054E712802B5BC29B16D0BCD">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="2D0835F097C3634317940D333624DD46" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminata" variety="parvifrons">
var. 
<emphasis id="AEF9709C265F601B2B83FA40469FE79A" italics="true">parvifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are densely and uniformly pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes. I have never seen branched trichomes on plants of 
<taxonomicName id="C8925DC4E5C2FBCB9DB7B76A57B25079" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="7AEBCDC0629DDD148450AFC738F21D0E" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, unlike in 
<taxonomicName id="AC5FFD7424AAF4A253AA52A39FC2BAFE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biflora">
<emphasis id="D9CE06B8DCF0A4EB4BB760CF47F86206" italics="true">L. biflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where they are common. Similarly, pubescent anthers have not been seen in 
<taxonomicName id="D88805929D457B7A73350B2FE1BA7139" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="7DD4F048CD98F742267741267F14D54E" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1C5622A22AB2757148869CD995D3A01">
Flowers from some (but not all) populations in the north of the range in 
<collectingCountry id="AAD0E6999A5253E711B1F1BD85FED2D1" name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
and northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="93BA0FD095C9B6C56B151BBEFB1FC7CA" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
tend to be fleshier and somewhat larger than those from southern 
<collectingCountry id="EF6C8F496636339EEBA426A8236D050F" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="3582EBB02E05D8901F19F30852ACF541" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
and have been called 
<taxonomicName id="900A5E635EFA30A56020B08EEC14DD19" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="E1E5B212D4BFE4630C81391FBFC1AFBB" italics="true">L. crassipetalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e. g., 
<bibRefCitation id="54CB994CB09561C5D6B2C4B27C92A557" author="Mill" editor="Grierson AJC &amp; Long DG &amp; Springate LS" firstAuthor="Mill" journalOrPublisher="Volume 2, part 3. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Government of Bhutan, Edinburgh" pagination="1037-1078" refId="B91" refString="Mill RR (2001) Solanaceae. In: Grierson AJC, Long DG, Springate LS (Eds) Flora of Bhutan, including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling. Volume 2, part 3. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Government of Bhutan, Edinburgh, 1037–1078." title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Bhutan, including a record of plants from Sikkim and Darjeeling." year="2001">Mill 2001</bibRefCitation>
) When material is examined from across the area, however, this variation appears to be continuous or merely populational. This continuity has been noted by others, on a specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="81BA8E5B0641BBE45096DD62B8D8BC59" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="48602E81FAE36B0CBEA4C070C81A2143" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in CAL (acc. # 315562, 
<emphasis id="AB4FD816948D4A652C3191F0B4CEDDF9" italics="true">Hooker &amp; Thomson s. n.</emphasis>
from “ Khasia ”) an annotation by J. S. Gamble reads “ intermediate between 
<taxonomicName id="ED25C1A0807EC6D2C1B35E63C2C3B1C7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncatum">
<emphasis id="3C81969D05F18595560481A8AB4F2B86" italics="true">S. subtruncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C26B08A967F68B295F96AC38D5B738C1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="79BBEFF03C936C47E59C671C501FDF34" italics="true">S. crassipetalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” suggesting he too thought the variation in this species was continuous and these taxa were not distinct. Collections from Mount Salak in 
<collectingRegion id="16CFC999733794E18B7BC65691FDD0C7" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="01FA64AE61C1744D382B31992AA9BE2A" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
) also have large flowers (e. g., 
<emphasis id="F691AE6513A5FFD80D18B34BEDFCE2D4" italics="true">Kuntze 4575</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="5CCE90A89D910781AFC391D98406658C" italics="true">Kurz 462</emphasis>
); these may be virally infected but further field investigation is needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BAE3EBD0E3E49A4F45719EF9103059FA">
Leaves in some populations of 
<taxonomicName id="8D4A1CBDCED6F634377536ACB60C1BE2" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="91E8F6CA28DC3F2573116A5D4F9F9BA3" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are shallowly lobed in the distal third with irregular, broad teeth arising from the vein endings (see Fig. 
<figureCitation id="282C0201F7AC983B919A145C32F53492" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lycianthes laevis (Dunal) Bitter herbarium specimen. India. Tamil Nadu, Beddome 5486 (BM 00900116). Courtesy of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.245.121988.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103805">12</figureCitation>
); these have been called 
<taxonomicName id="6098845F9363E12F3082A74A4AC73849" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gouakai">
<emphasis id="76B2C5CD601D563FC4C30E0153FF4729" italics="true">S. gouakai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southern 
<collectingCountry id="E9708FCCA8DC8E3A463B6D322B73EDD3" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. Some local floras in southern 
<collectingCountry id="87DB180C3E2AD70C0228069461875EDC" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="882F2BDB69691F55224BF42F076AA3F6" author="Henry" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Henry" refId="B56" refString="Henry AN, Kumari GR, Chithra V (1987) Flora of Tamil Nadu, India. Series I: Analysis. Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore." year="1987">Henry et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
) recognise these leaf variants at the subspecific and varietal level in 
<taxonomicName id="10CC5DAADFD6B0084B39D3F73FC5CB89" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="0A3B589B61CCF56D52FC161F7AEA2BF1" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using 
<bibRefCitation id="A369A44B707C972ACCAB7C4239619B9A" author="Dunal M-F" firstAuthor="Dunal's" issue="1" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pagination="1-690" refId="B45" refString="Dunal M-F (1852) Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1–690. [V. Masson, Paris]" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal’s (1852)</bibRefCitation>
epithets, whereas others recognise a single taxon (
<taxonomicName id="032FFA068721A45A06D6A4C36C8C3D2D" authority=", Nair and Nayar 1987" authorityName=", Nair and Nayar" authorityYear="1987" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bigeminata">
<emphasis id="A56084D93E01C93169BA60757302FD83" italics="true">L. bigeminata</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="A1D0D080FE0E62822DDC22011A59879F" author="Nair and Nayar" firstAuthor="Nair" refId="B96" refString="Nair KKN, Nayar M (1987) Flora of Courtallum. Vol. 2. Botanical Survey of India, New Delhi." year="1987">Nair and Nayar 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="D82965DF3C4F13D522E252CA11C899FD" authority=", Mohanan and Henry 1994" authorityName=", Mohanan and Henry" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="70513F8BA87EBC7F5F36C109FB188B1D" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C71A9B022C2429CA84294C502835C69D" author="Mohanan and Henry" firstAuthor="Mohanan" refId="B94" refString="Mohanan M, Henry AN (1994) Flora of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta." year="1994">Mohanan and Henry 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). These leaf 
<typeStatus id="E072D7642211168589C0C8B85FE03075">types</typeStatus>
occur most frequently in southern 
<collectingCountry id="BCB9887A04E0442B5C496EC6E73595E4" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
(e. g., 
<emphasis id="D9EBC670A80B2105D5EE598730152571" italics="true">Bourne 2088</emphasis>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="FEE22E5FACFFD7F9389CA0BE3D85EDFF" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="C580C10DBF55F40C368F70F64A76B198" italics="true">Walker 65</emphasis>
), but I have also seen collections with lobed leaves from western 
<collectingCountry id="11F7971EC8BB21700C681EDE4E5F0BD5" name="Myanmar">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(e. g., 
<emphasis id="F2988FC7454B09A81CA07F016BE18CEF" italics="true">Fujikawa et al. 094293</emphasis>
). Toothed and entire leaves occur on the same plant as is common in the Morelloid clade of 
<taxonomicName id="813CA0C958A6F5CEB3040949162B03C8" authority="(Knapp et al. 2023)" baseAuthorityName="Knapp" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EEC5EED51C3AF3CE2F6372E78A6B985" italics="true">Solanum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7A880C38AE960C0D90F618111C8D28F4" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" author="Knapp" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Knapp" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-342" refId="B74" refString="Knapp S, Särkinen T, Barboza GE (2023) A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 231: 1–342. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" title="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)." volume="231" year="2023">Knapp et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, in many species of spiny solanums (
<bibRefCitation id="B13022D79C59DA30B3299A728851136A" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531" author="McClelland" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="McClelland" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-36" refId="B85" refString="McClelland DHR, Nee M, Knapp S (2020) New names and status for Pacific spiny species of Solanum (Solanaceae, subgenus Leptostemonum; the Leptostemonum Clade). PhytoKeys 145: 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531" title="New names and status for Pacific spiny species of Solanum (Solanaceae, subgenus Leptostemonum; the Leptostemonum Clade)." volume="145" year="2020">McClelland et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="2E5A690D1813E7AE95010E16B444DA98" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" author="Aubriot and Knapp" firstAuthor="Aubriot" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-270" refId="B5" refString="Aubriot X, Knapp S (2022) A revision of the “ spiny solanums ” of tropical Asia (Solanum L., Leptostemonum Clade; Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 198: 1–270. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" title="A revision of the “ spiny solanums ” of tropical Asia (Solanum L., Leptostemonum Clade; Solanaceae)." volume="198" year="2022">Aubriot and Knapp 2022</bibRefCitation>
) and in 
<taxonomicName id="6967230E95617601034A9F74839E71BE" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="series" series="Tricolores">
<emphasis id="8CF20524198C299DC79E3EF0881B331E" italics="true">Lycianthes</emphasis>
series 
<emphasis id="D39526E4E1AE0B3C6A05D67C2F906F7D" italics="true">Tricolores</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
of Mexico (
<bibRefCitation id="8132E3CEB0DC9804856A98ABF3A3CA1D" DOI="10.1600/036364417X694566" author="Dean" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dean" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pagination="191-209" refId="B38" refString="Dean E, Reyes M, Fauré R, Walden GK, Canington D, Brandon D, McNair DM (2017) Identification of the species of Lycianthes series Tricolores (Capsiceae, Solanaceae). Systematic Botany 42 (1): 191–209. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694566" title="Identification of the species of Lycianthes series Tricolores (Capsiceae, Solanaceae)." volume="42" year="2017">Dean et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Sometimes juvenile leaves in 
<taxonomicName id="AB9162C29EDBA4A436735C4E5BD23B44" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A93B1D5FB587DD36091B241F451C88FC" italics="true">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be more lobed or toothed than leaves on mature branches (
<bibRefCitation id="2E7AC3550B50B311A764D70174EB4ABF" author="Roe" firstAuthor="Roe" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pagination="381-385" refId="B106" refString="Roe KE (1966) Juvenile forms in Solanum mitlense and S. blodgettii (Solanaceae) and their importance in taxonomy. Sida 2: 381–385." title="Juvenile forms in Solanum mitlense and S. blodgettii (Solanaceae) and their importance in taxonomy." volume="2" year="1966">Roe 1966</bibRefCitation>
); this may be the case here, but it is not clear. Field surveys of these populations in Tamil Nadu would be very informative.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F396E96F667F437A159AC9E575A7459">
<taxonomicName id="E76E3A906DB03D5E22B5B19293E3CDCB" authorityName=", Mohanan and Henry" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="B3707C2DF97B0CFCE7E4CF38879521F6" italics="true">Lycianthes laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wide distribution, overlapping with most of the other 
<taxonomicName id="714BA33C94CB4E33E842FB6639B385E4">
<emphasis id="0A6007307788C24057F326DDEB0A325F" italics="true">Lycianthes</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in Asia. It is more westerly than 
<taxonomicName id="CC28F9340F4C4DBB4BFAD9EE47165F45" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biflora">
<emphasis id="91C0EB5621932DC4CEB239C11A8877C1" italics="true">L. biflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="C6F906D7086051190A7E0BAEF91529FA" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins" baseAuthorityName="Merrill and Merritt" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizocalyx">
<emphasis id="E7FE3137B0F98261B505F072BA3A00CE" italics="true">L. schizocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but does co-occur with both those taxa. Hybridisation is often cited as the reason for wide ranges of intraspecific variation, but the calyx appendage character is constant across the range of 
<taxonomicName id="8A27694A26B2EF0A23AB5E2F6143433A" authorityName=", Mohanan and Henry" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="5066ACF35204D720C3C3D51AD91808B4" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; populations in sympatry should be studied in the field. One such, where 
<taxonomicName id="79CD96B43C32ECCBC387548B62AFE764" authorityName=", Mohanan and Henry" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="6F1FDEC3991B7B3FE37B9F0492358BE1" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A5719760574894A0A34F87F196711B8A" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins" baseAuthorityName="Merrill and Merritt" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizocalyx">
<emphasis id="9C24E79D35FAC208DBA59C7ADF809C17" italics="true">L. schizocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
co-occur and have been mixed in collections is on Mount Santo Tomas in the 
<collectingCountry id="CB4BEC038C1A44EAA19BEF46B793D6A6" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(e. g., 
<emphasis id="D57B2DEDB3134563CCA4BB0DC04C4A8D" italics="true">Williams 1334</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="2D3E89FD06E5F9FF04899FB8EC25AF46" italics="true">1334 [A</emphasis>
]). At first glance these plants look very similar, but closer examination show that not only do the calyx appendages differ (5 versus 10) but the pubescence also differs. The element of this gathering that represents 
<taxonomicName id="EB2D873FA705C6243756AB6CA80F5471" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins" baseAuthorityName="Merrill and Merritt" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizocalyx">
<emphasis id="24B4AAAC2F51A5E2DF5B932B51D7617C" italics="true">L. schizocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was labelled with the same number (as a presumed duplicate) in pencil, possibly long after collection (see discussion of 
<taxonomicName id="709142FDD2040DED76D239836DF67442" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Vereins" baseAuthorityName="Merrill and Merritt" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schizocalyx">
<emphasis id="1854A1B61EDCCE1092D5B1700B06AAA4" italics="true">L. schizocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91674E108898106B6A4870549E96EEBE">
<taxonomicName id="851E2E481DBFD0E46A01F3CB4EFBF502" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laeve">
<emphasis id="9D88A61E14CE4BE963BC25DF5D566CE3" italics="true">Solanum laeve</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation id="5905881819264FA3C359CDE6F4990514" author="Dunal M-F" editor="Lamarck JLB &amp; Poiret JLM" firstAuthor="Dunal" journalOrPublisher="Botanique, supplement 3 (2)" pagination="369-780" refId="B42" refString="Dunal M-F (1814) Solanum. In: Lamarck JLB, Poiret JLM (Eds) Encyclopedie methodique. Botanique, supplement 3 (2), 369–780. [Louis Agasse, Paris]" title="Solanum." volumeTitle="Encyclopedie methodique." year="1814">Dunal (1814)</bibRefCitation>
based only on a collection seen by him in Paris from 
<collectingRegion id="4E4B7064D6B39C706BD149254C620244" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
labelled “ Bondolene ” which Dunal took to be the local name. A specimen collected by J. B. Leschenault de la Tour in 
<collectingRegion id="91D9E2791028F95B26794999B3022740" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
labelled “ Goudolene ” (misread by Dunal as Bondolene) does not bear a label in Dunal’s hand but corresponds to the protologue in being in fruit and is here selected as the 
<typeStatus id="F0BC7237F3C1434A829B42E8F04ACD41" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis id="0C20E2454E14808297EE3CEEA0512F47" italics="true">Leschenault de la Tour 683</emphasis>
, P 000578637). In the Prodromus (
<bibRefCitation id="A9F4EFBD2B709D3136ED860450272267" author="Dunal" firstAuthor="Dunal" issue="1" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pagination="1-690" refId="B45" refString="Dunal M-F (1852) Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1–690. [V. Masson, Paris]" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal 1852</bibRefCitation>
), the collector of the type is mentioned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0AD133262B6FF37435CEE3E356B5542">
<bibRefCitation id="A0BA48E50D54D84230EA09C70D6F3840" author="Blume CL" firstAuthor="Blume" refId="B14" refString="Blume CL (1823) Catalogus van eenige der Merkwaardigste Zoo in- als Uitheemse Gewassen te Vinden in ‘ s Lands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg. Jakarta." year="1823">Blume (1823)</bibRefCitation>
published the homonym 
<taxonomicName id="782D9077335B1005402506F1E4B78E49" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="4DE510F07D3E1F5C384B0EB93BA04A6B" italics="true">S. violaceum</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
(not 
<taxonomicName id="4DBBFA01E6526DD3EDB693E15352963D" authority="Ortega" authorityName="Ortega" authorityYear="1798" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="18148ED49F86C0878B8623C8A632062D" italics="true">S. violaceum</emphasis>
Ortega
</taxonomicName>
, an Asian spiny solanum; 
<bibRefCitation id="18F786145AE0A36CBB4978E04BC244CE" DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" author="Aubriot and Knapp" firstAuthor="Aubriot" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pagination="1-270" refId="B5" refString="Aubriot X, Knapp S (2022) A revision of the “ spiny solanums ” of tropical Asia (Solanum L., Leptostemonum Clade; Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 198: 1–270. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" title="A revision of the “ spiny solanums ” of tropical Asia (Solanum L., Leptostemonum Clade; Solanaceae)." volume="198" year="2022">Aubriot and Knapp 2022</bibRefCitation>
) without citing a locality or herbarium. A sheet in Leiden collected by Blume in 
<collectingRegion id="FDB745274399DD4DCD9047E7055895AB" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
has an annotation “ 
<taxonomicName id="7840500831CF1DF1BD88B80EE640ACEF" authority="Blumii Nees" authorityName="Blumii Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DE47B152EAB6A2258C30C1D6A119045B" italics="true">Solanum</emphasis>
Blumii Nees
</taxonomicName>
” and a much later annotation as 
<taxonomicName id="21F23837A581AB784763E573B1F29A30" authorityName="Ortega" authorityYear="1798" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="512036C5C582A0C37EAE1839E0E8FD38" italics="true">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I select this sheet (L 0003600) here as a 
<typeStatus id="562BEB83D3D63C4A8F01364CC48146B6" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
because there is no evidence that it was used by Blume in the description of 
<taxonomicName id="DEF44FE1BDF53B73BD0CDD2DAA9BB6CB" authorityName="Ortega" authorityYear="1798" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="D07959EF43B1F99F86A6172F52F60F7C" italics="true">S. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which could have been described from living material. Blume and Nees van Esenbeck were correspondents (
<bibRefCitation id="843409FF358FC3E1C14BACE58543BC96" author="van Steenis" editor="van Steenis CCGJ &amp; de Wilde WJJO" firstAuthor="van Steenis" journalOrPublisher="Volume 10, part 4. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London" pagination="7-41" refId="B127" refString="van Steenis CCGJ (1989) Dedication [to Carl Ludwig von Blume]. In: van Steenis CCGJ, de Wilde WJJO (Eds) Flora Malesiana. Volume 10, part 4. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 7–41. https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/532577/FM1S1984010001001.pdf" title="Dedication [to Carl Ludwig von Blume]." url="https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/532577/FM1S1984010001001.pdf" volumeTitle="Flora Malesiana." year="1989">van Steenis 1989</bibRefCitation>
) and the replacement name for the illegitimate 
<taxonomicName id="9BE51B5A456EC3A95A001ECE3BC1AC66" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="15BD807D6FE49476BDF1AB63BB8F0790" italics="true">S. violaceum</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
was coined by Nees van Esenbeck in Blume’s honour and published with a description by Blume (
<bibRefCitation id="EDE29E9662BC5B9EC609596AEAEC9ACA" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.115427" author="Blume" firstAuthor="Blume" refId="B15" refString="Blume CL (1826) Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië, Ter Lands Drukkererij, Jakarta [Batavia]. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.115427" year="1826">Blume 1826</bibRefCitation>
) as “ 
<taxonomicName id="CFE6483E9FAE246ED7034B6453225AEE" authority="blumii Nees" authorityName="Blumii Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5D1E3849D8D8E3706783D29EAA9D98FF" italics="true">Solanum</emphasis>
blumii Nees
</taxonomicName>
ab Esenb. ”. The annotation of “ 
<taxonomicName id="F4479B6421BE133900067A7C56DF91A2" authority="Blumii Nees" authorityName="Blumii Nees" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3AD4EC70BCA9326581155C8A0883C196" italics="true">Solanum</emphasis>
Blumii Nees
</taxonomicName>
” on the 
<typeStatus id="2D471A04B5F4202C408E3E25637B8F9F" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
may be in Nees van Esenbeck’s hand.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A491071FEB86A4B763382A682F5A0BF">
Wallich’s designation “ 
<taxonomicName id="DA34AEC5A09DEBA6D5B7A136D2674909" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="membranaceum">
<emphasis id="9CCA3F45DA8B026C62A2A7205E4A19AE" italics="true">Solanum membranaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” comprised three elements (Wallich 1828–1849: 80) was validated by 
<bibRefCitation id="D25F249CE3419C8E45753D8EAA01FF1B" DOI="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" author="Nees van Esenbeck CG" firstAuthor="Nees van Esenbeck" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London" pagination="37-82" refId="B97" refString="Nees van Esenbeck CG (1834) Monograph of the East Indian Solaneae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 (1): 37–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" title="Monograph of the East Indian Solaneae." volume="17" year="1834">Nees van Esenbeck (1834)</bibRefCitation>
where one of these (2625 B from “ herb. 
<collectingRegion id="E76B35BA86E2361DB17AF06157941AE1" country="United Kingdom" name="Isle of Wight">Wight</collectingRegion>
”) was excluded and referred to 
<emphasis id="FBCBDC01803971F1A19AE74B6519226F" italics="true">
<taxonomicName id="475F907AE6CBCBE7ACD3D6F73A045969" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laeve">S. laeve</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="27008B48DF6B666F5B2DB9D3F38DBC31" DOI="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" author="Nees van Esenbeck CG" firstAuthor="Nees van Esenbeck" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London" pagination="37-82" refId="B97" refString="Nees van Esenbeck CG (1834) Monograph of the East Indian Solaneae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 (1): 37–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" title="Monograph of the East Indian Solaneae." volume="17" year="1834">Nees van Esenbeck (1834)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that only the specimens labelled 2625 A and 2625 C were part of his 
<taxonomicName id="528F0BC858E68BA780B30F329761C914" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="membranaceum">
<emphasis id="0638041605434AF405BAB183A35AABF9" italics="true">S. membranaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the Wallich herbarium at Kew there are 
<specimenCount id="756B7A947A406C5F9E9A3D4B25F74412" count="3" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
labelled 2625 (K 001116640, K 001116641, K 0011166420) none of which bears the annotation corresponding to the catalogue entry. One of these is unambiguously labelled 2625 A (K 001116640) and has an annotation in Nees van Esenbeck’s hand and it also has the catalogue entry affixed to the sheet; I have selected this sheet as the 
<typeStatus id="8787D3BBF8A82BC1157DD482F5DAAE21" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="9E4718B53A3090DFA30D0D9AB5431590" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="membranaceum">
<emphasis id="16B7FA6BD6EE4B945A442181E3CBCDC1" italics="true">S. membranaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All three of these specimens are conspecific.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FAB59DE3C7DCC8ADF16516312B239BE6">
<bibRefCitation id="DB4CA52D500D5EA95EF2B47AFCDC3D94" DOI="10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" author="Nees van Esenbeck CG" firstAuthor="Nees van Esenbeck" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London" pagination="37-82" refId="B97" refString="Nees van Esenbeck CG (1834) Monograph of the East Indian Solaneae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 (1): 37–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" title="Monograph of the East Indian Solaneae." volume="17" year="1834">Nees van Esenbeck (1834)</bibRefCitation>
attributed the name 
<taxonomicName id="0EA0315358B4C91CC381E1392F064D80" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neesianum">
<emphasis id="1D25E6DA697ACB34C50D98CCF2E67B0B" italics="true">S. neesianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to Wallich, but there is no mention of that name in Wallich’s catalogue (M. Watson, pers. comm. 
<date id="B45DD37451002B31E0D50DED7A75DD7E" value="2024-02-07">7 Feb 2024</date>
). The specimen cited is “ 
<emphasis id="8DF8A5AE60A97F301A16BB5EDC5F724C" italics="true">Wall. Catal. Suppl. n. 248</emphasis>
/ Crescit in montibus Silhet 
<emphasis id="300C8EE8C70B36EDE9B82EEC8C4C4903" italics="true">Guil. Gomez</emphasis>
” suggesting the collector was William Gomez who had collected in the area and whose collections are listed on page 248 of the catalogue (
<ext-link id="4A81D2E8F10A06797A2D579DF03B76AA" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://wallich.rbge.org.uk/index.php?section=pages&amp;id=1279" xlink_type="simple">https://wallich.rbge.org.uk/index.php?section=pages&amp;id=1279</ext-link>
). A specimen in Nees van Esenbeck’s personal herbarium now held in GZU is clearly original material (GZU 000255706); it is labelled with the name, has an annotation “ 248 ” and a locality “ Mt 
<collectingRegion id="723D3A9A0518AB27201CF7D257CED712" country="Bangladesh" name="Sylhet">Sylhet</collectingRegion>
FD ”. There is clearly a mistake in the published protologue as to collector; “ FD ” indicates the specimen was collected by Francis de Silva, one of Wallich’s collectors in the Silhet region. In the absence of any more specific material, I have designated this sheet collected by Francis de Silva in GZU (GZU 000255706) as the 
<typeStatus id="3A0F39540B38FF29903CFB9C6C5717E0" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. I suspect this specimen belongs to the set “ Wallich Cat. 2620 ”, collected at the same place by the same person (“ Mont. Sillet, FD ”) as the type of 
<emphasis id="FE3D6208F8F1CE1FB7BE00B1D466759E" italics="true">
<taxonomicName id="A030490160C27C69FFE73A1A5C6DA650" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncatum">S. subtruncatum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3CC2E332EC24F6C66F19DF1301C72F63">
<bibRefCitation id="D54F10B1FB864310611CF929D5EA1094" author="Dunal M-F" firstAuthor="Dunal" issue="1" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pagination="1-690" refId="B45" refString="Dunal M-F (1852) Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1–690. [V. Masson, Paris]" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
validated Wallich’s designation “ 
<taxonomicName id="ADF502A42D1C651E8699B47166381F35" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncatum">
<emphasis id="398DEC38C46B30C4876BE08085A9B5DC" italics="true">Solanum subtruncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” citing the specimen “ Wallich cat. 2620 ” from G-DC; Deb’s apparent lectotypification (by the citation of the collection Wallich cat. 
<quantity id="685B6B0181355E2932DC29ECB482C703" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6548" unit="in" value="2620.0">2620 in</quantity>
CAL) of 
<taxonomicName id="BE52F8BA838794FAA6A2587EC658232B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subtruncatum">
<emphasis id="71FADBBA7A7BCE7F4F3C3476DCFC9264" italics="true">S. subtruncatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not necessary. In describing 
<taxonomicName id="1FF92B3097ED03E667135E3E4A535E8F" authority="Dunal (1852)" authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaitisis">
<emphasis id="199B6051BF7664F8827720BC87B11BE4" italics="true">S. kaitisis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9F9C62B0C0C66C8D447806B39CB00CD6" author="Dunal M-F" firstAuthor="Dunal" issue="1" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pagination="1-690" refId="B45" refString="Dunal M-F (1852) Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1–690. [V. Masson, Paris]" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
cited a collection 
<emphasis id="14292899B690071D05C5F89DD2430AAB" italics="true">Perrottet 230</emphasis>
from Paris; the sheet labelled 
<emphasis id="2A0D37B0D843EEA1D57EB04DB724B451" italics="true">Perrottet 230</emphasis>
(P 00248294) corresponds to 
<taxonomicName id="1E093445BB60274F8D3A5D36AFCBD5B4" authority="(Dunal) Blume" authorityName="Blume" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="narum">
<emphasis id="3B5D19BE7AB84C7819F718C1D36FC04C" italics="true">Uvaria narum</emphasis>
(Dunal) Blume
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B1C3838A70F9993C679DD30B0D357E1C" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
). Dunal also worked with 
<taxonomicName id="306FF0F2DF1A7437D245883AB91B698C" authority="(Dunal 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Annonaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="3D6401B5BCC2331D52A877D1B9F7213F" DOI="10.5962/t.173118" author="Dunal" firstAuthor="Dunal" refId="B44" refString="Dunal M-F (1817) Monographie de la famille des Anonacées. Treuttel &amp; Würtz, Paris, London, Strasbourg; Reneaud, Montpellier. https://doi.org/10.5962/t.173118" year="1817">Dunal 1817</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. I am treating the collection number 
<quantity id="6EE8A3F3D4031DCE3DCC9CE3CA91A7BA" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" unit="in" value="230.0">
<emphasis id="13FB685CABC1B6A234E2A7BE4BED78BA" italics="true">230</emphasis>
in
</quantity>
the protologue as an error to be corrected to 
<emphasis id="77F426A6A8C900F0C69567AAEF4DC09D" italics="true">Perrottet 270</emphasis>
, a sheet (P 00058859) that is annotated by Dunal as 
<taxonomicName id="57C0BB6C937A734D16F2926D4D5EB89D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaitisis">
<emphasis id="F4D4628A061A606B589C78CAC1E6F448" italics="true">Solanum kaitisis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="0E9042B71580A21ED4AC42874B2E9181" author="Dunal M-F" firstAuthor="Dunal" issue="1" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pagination="1-690" refId="B45" refString="Dunal M-F (1852) Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1–690. [V. Masson, Paris]" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="AFE42FE22FF66C715AE84C8319DADC2F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gouakai">
<emphasis id="91C83F75313A9C03CC868A46643CD125" italics="true">S. gouakai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its two varieties (
<taxonomicName id="720B037B6E97FA85B263EDAA13E98848" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gouakai" variety="angustifolium">
var. 
<emphasis id="732C80ECAFE646D5B6FF6184AB69565A" italics="true">angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="ABF544526D24B6E84CCC8DF1B86A8CB3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gouakai" variety="latifolium">
var. 
<emphasis id="4564C0CAB9126760A3B8D8F65833D410" italics="true">latifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from a single collection made by J. B. Leschenault de la Tour in southern 
<collectingCountry id="EEE2AD328E0100859582D456932910F5" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="E81B6BD112FA11FBC6B594CF423E7D7E" italics="true">Leschenault de la Tour 311</emphasis>
), that he saw in Paris. I have used the three sheets of this collection In P as 
<typeStatus id="5880FEC16D54783117A566A34DF6FC59" type="lectotype">lectotypes</typeStatus>
for the species and each of the two varieties; that chosen as the 
<typeStatus id="51FF4C8A5F413CF5044A82B3CA57330F" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="00A7AF2818A5E69CC13670D0BC386D8F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gouakai" variety="angustifolium">
var. 
<emphasis id="5F88240D41BD209F3422109472D11B6C" italics="true">angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(P 0057928) is annotated “ α 
<emphasis id="A68E65D559D2A4693D957B028DD246EC" italics="true">angustifolium</emphasis>
” by Dunal, that chosen for 
<taxonomicName id="B52925FF947E96BC25850D4372F0E705" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gouakai" variety="latifolium">
var. 
<emphasis id="ACDEBAC4E3C6100F4C190FF4804F5970" italics="true">latifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(P 00057929) is annotated “ β 
<emphasis id="109B52C83888B17A4FAF0F97E809524C" italics="true">latifolium</emphasis>
”) by Dunal and that for the species is only annotated with the specific epithet (P 00057927). The three sheets vary somewhat in leaf width but clearly are from the same gathering.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38B723FEE7084FA0248C4CC6DF7B1CDC">
<taxonomicName id="1C7E7DC0FDB85E9E165943D845D613E9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Bassovia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichii">
<emphasis id="F7DBDC6EB075214DADB8EB5781168A2E" italics="true">Bassovia wallichii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an illegitimate superfluous name for 
<taxonomicName id="188439B806D34FB685B6D501C90710EC" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="18C8F0DF47D40BDE91E12A1907A7AC78" italics="true">S. crassipetalum</emphasis>
Wall.
</taxonomicName>
in that 
<bibRefCitation id="33CE68E0D0B7FE80D1C87E47FB9E8821" author="Dunal M-F" firstAuthor="Dunal" issue="1" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pagination="1-690" refId="B45" refString="Dunal M-F (1852) Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1–690. [V. Masson, Paris]" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
based the name on “ 
<taxonomicName id="0D3E9DDFEA4D16DE0D5E76093C625135" authority="Wallich" authorityName="Wallich" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="AD16A864B3340E36343DDF6B91492888" italics="true">Solanum crassipetalum</emphasis>
Wallich
</taxonomicName>
cat. 
<quantity id="DF221D73513A78586BC91111C45E9CFA" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.649719999999999" unit="in" value="2618.0">2618 in</quantity>
G-DC ” (
<bibRefCitation id="4B498697AF366938585AD76961DBD784" DOI="10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Turland" refId="B125" refString="Turland NJ, Wiersema JH, Barrie FR, Greuter W, Hawksworth DL, Herendeen PS, Knapp S, Kusber W-H, Li D-Z, Marhold K, May TW, McNeill J, Monro AM, Prado J, Price MJ, Smith GF (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
: Art. 52.2 (e )).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C3DA1230E4531367E1D7FDDDBE5D5419">
Of the two varieties of 
<taxonomicName id="25AC34CF10AF30A323EF8C5AB7B49C93" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blumei">
<emphasis id="DB4D4371C24EC67B174592C6CF503F26" italics="true">S. blumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by 
<bibRefCitation id="8F90B0C6CC9D9812D7A5381DD7D756A3" author="Miquel FAW" firstAuthor="Miquel" journalOrPublisher="In: Flora van Nederlandsch Indie" pagination="633-672" refId="B93" refString="Miquel FAW (1864) Ordo CLXIV. Solaneae. In: Flora van Nederlandsch Indie 2: 633–672." title="Ordo CLXIV. Solaneae." volume="2" year="1864">Miquel (1864)</bibRefCitation>
I have found original material for only 
<taxonomicName id="AB3978D5E9561DA339AC8EFFFCEBBD1F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="blumei" variety="parvifolium">
<emphasis id="D35DFF4A307557603B6DB519A381CA92" italics="true">S. blumei var. parvifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Two sheets of the specimen “ S. Eschweilerianum Zipp. herb. ” mentioned in the protologue are held in Leiden, one (L 0003598) is annotated by Miquel and is a better specimen and I have designated this the 
<typeStatus id="D6BA9D01A5BB62B682BEAE7ABC73230C" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. The other is an 
<typeStatus id="04DE943E7ACA76A99BE0980FDCF08987" type="isolectotype">isolectotype</typeStatus>
(L 0003599). I have found no unambiguous original material for 
<taxonomicName id="2767FB790B84CD132DDDDABDA690F30F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="blumei" variety="grandifolium">
var. 
<emphasis id="B865651360DE0DCFDC1C2E47FD95AA16" italics="true">grandifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Among material cited was something collected by “ Horsf. ” a reference to Thomas Horsfield who collected in 
<collectingRegion id="B5F8A10ACC01583426BBD9D6DF00B489" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="659C5EA254E3DFC377139CED4B51A839" author="van Steenis-Kruseman" firstAuthor="van Steenis-Kruseman" refId="B128" refString="van Steenis-Kruseman MJ (1985) Malaysian plant collectors and collections, being a cyclopedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia. [originally published 1950 in Djakarta]. Martinius Nijhoff (Kluwer Academic Publishers), Boston, Dordrecht, Lancaster." year="1985">van Steenis-Kruseman 1985</bibRefCitation>
); a specimen of Horsfield’s corresponding to the protologue (BM 001018973) is here selected as the 
<typeStatus id="F87FB5EF2AC2AD7CC39CBD7F7E083419" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="E729CA93A41F271F279563DAFF78FECD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="blumei" variety="grandifolium">
<emphasis id="C4E30BCCE999E6FE074061417D6EDB49" italics="true">S. blumei var. grandifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37E47A75AF57563CDD3DF5CA147D8E5F">
<bibRefCitation id="B9378942E104140CABD02706A0857B8F" author="Clarke CB" firstAuthor="Clarke" journalOrPublisher=") The flora of British India" pagination="228-246" refId="B23" refString="Clarke CB (1883) Order CII. Solanaceae. In: Hooker JD (Ed.) The flora of British India 4: 228–246." title="Order CII. Solanaceae. In: Hooker JD (Ed." volume="4" year="1883">Clarke (1883)</bibRefCitation>
cited collections from “ 
<emphasis id="9D516F2BAA6E37471B4D23CD74DF5948" italics="true">
Gardner, 
<collectingRegion id="411C033FC70A0BC09A6AF3F8207370DE" country="United Kingdom" name="Isle of Wight">Wight</collectingRegion>
, Thwaites
</emphasis>
” in the protologue of 
<taxonomicName id="9A12F613BDC0B338C7C0B0ABDDD7838E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminatum" variety="zeylanica">
<emphasis id="98170577113E4EBFF99DE20E561CF065" italics="true">S. bigeminatum var. zeylanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but with no mention of collection numbers or herbaria. I have selected the sheet of 
<emphasis id="8DD11BD82F11539DA689BCEFA9F0878C" italics="true">Gardner 628</emphasis>
from the Hooker herbarium at Kew (K 000923382) as the 
<typeStatus id="0CE912BD2D1EE5E113D96408650A9116" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="ABFB2DBDEB463CFE8D1CAB1E0B6DA5C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminatum" variety="zeylanica">
var. 
<emphasis id="3EB06A8C894F854D7DA219CDDA39EDD9" italics="true">zeylanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is annotated as 
<taxonomicName id="FFB6DB39EDD158D181AC69944E810968" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminatum" variety="zeylanica">
var. 
<emphasis id="18FCD91514ECBDD065BF19E5B626DFF8" italics="true">zeylanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Clarke’s hand and has flowers and fruits. Other duplicates at Kew are less complete. 
<bibRefCitation id="07599C2336D72F6F72DEA081C22AD7FD" author="Hepper FN" editor="Dassanayake MD &amp; Fosberg FR" firstAuthor="Hepper" journalOrPublisher="Vol VI. Smithsonian and National Science Foundation USA, New Delhi" pagination="365-409" refId="B57" refString="Hepper FN (1987) Solanaceae. In: Dassanayake MD, Fosberg FR (Eds) A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Vol VI. Smithsonian and National Science Foundation USA, New Delhi, 365–409." title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon." year="1987">Hepper (1987)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned a Gardner collection in his description of 
<taxonomicName id="5BF6744216606DC70C65354FA112223E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminatum" variety="zeylanica">
var. 
<emphasis id="C808D860CF6BA7B9CB93ACB454ABE878" italics="true">zeylanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but without citing a herbarium or number.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="03C5D6FDDE04B0ADB217F95960ECA211">
<bibRefCitation id="8B6DF2FE8CFDDFBC91EAA65FEA9094C3" author="Kuntze CEO" firstAuthor="Kuntze" journalOrPublisher="Revisio generum plantarum" pagination="447-456" refId="B76" refString="Kuntze CEO (1891) 114. Solanaceae. Revisio generum plantarum 2: 447–456." title="114. Solanaceae." volume="2" year="1891">Kuntze (1891)</bibRefCitation>
described two varieties for 
<taxonomicName id="82118395645935D0AF12CE87C951E37D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blumei">
<emphasis id="EEF26A6E80EBBB165240D325FA0B24DD" italics="true">S. blumei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on fruit colour from his own collections. In the very short protologue for 
<taxonomicName id="E910638A890019EA6D49EDE2AD37D3F3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="blumei" variety="erythrocarpum">
var. 
<emphasis id="17EC51AADB72679D564FEE3BFF505C4A" italics="true">erythrocarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
he states the distribution as 
<collectingRegion id="C2E1DB599736D2FBB28C269515F3163B" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="714396CD4FD16C99923B1391A6B61C30" country="India" name="Sikkim">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
; I have selected a specimen from Kuntze’s herbarium (
<collectionCode id="AE69321B47C87A1494765FDBC5FA04E1" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
barcode 00172265) now at 
<collectionCode id="E2AE3AB80135AD730D250ED70E086A49" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
annotated by Kuntze from 
<collectingRegion id="721813B5154C36E785448A507C8E3FD0" country="India" name="Sikkim">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
as 
<typeStatus id="823698E98987B67206D5765D8208D172" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for this variety. For 
<taxonomicName id="1A555D0DA472C44C974B9F79DC565498" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="blumei" variety="xanthocarpum">
var. 
<emphasis id="984C3FF777E5844EC61ADDEDF319DFEF" italics="true">xanthocarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
he states the distribution as “ Wilis ” (= Wilisgebirge, or Mount Wilis in 
<collectingRegion id="80BC12C8EEEE916712BD0825265DC9CB" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Barat">West Java</collectingRegion>
); here a single specimen in 
<collectionCode id="9F836002B84D6C3CC79A6622136DE019" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
from Kuntze’s herbarium (barcode 00172280) from the correct locality and annotated by Kuntze is selected as the 
<typeStatus id="F40C6CDF1FB16A352871E464829B2388" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for the variety.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A569AF91496064D7949A9BFEDFBCA72">
<bibRefCitation id="85D6FA7C8E48D105E70CB7A2A36D8061" author="Elmer ADE" firstAuthor="Elmer" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Philippine Botany" pagination="2719-2884" refId="B48" refString="Elmer ADE (1915) Two hundred and twenty new species – II. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 8: 2719–2884." title="Two hundred and twenty new species - II." volume="8" year="1915">Elmer (1915)</bibRefCitation>
cited a single collection (
<emphasis id="50AB120ABF924240F8FC8D1EF7DD97E9" italics="true">Elmer 13828</emphasis>
) in the protologue of 
<taxonomicName id="13DC16DA77706825EE70A7709CFEA73E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mindanaense">
<emphasis id="FF7A36FBA5AF7D157E7F024A84140724" italics="true">S. mindanaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but no herbarium; specimens upon which Elmer’s names were based were in his private collection at the Philippine National Herbarium (then the Philippine Bureau of Agriculture under 
<collectingCountry id="817FE701CA4253567A9072E427B802E4" name="United States of America">United States</collectingCountry>
jurisdiction) that was destroyed by fire during the Japanese occupation of the 
<collectingCountry id="1A8B2F98A91C8886C0F15A7B50B316C1" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
in the Second World War just a day before the liberation of 
<collectingRegion id="DD79BB2527839F502EFAFE3F5888BCAD" country="Philippines" name="Manila">Manila</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F6D9ACCB1E3C60E5BA84430B2C18E980" DOI="10.1002/j.1996-8175.1957.tb02704.x" author="Schultes" firstAuthor="Schultes" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pagination="89-101" refId="B110" refString="Schultes RE (1957) Elmer Drew Merrill: An appreciation. Taxon 6 (4): 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1996-8175.1957.tb02704.x" title="Elmer Drew Merrill: An appreciation." volume="6" year="1957">Schultes 1957</bibRefCitation>
). The only duplicate I have seen is a sterile specimen at Edinburgh (E 00273869); intensive searches at other herbaria where Elmer sent collections have not yet been successful. Elmer suggested his plant differed from 
<taxonomicName id="1A5122B3BA47D855D7C0FE8AC77ABEDE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipetalum">
<emphasis id="D6024476750C959CEDCD51C310EEAFFC" italics="true">S. crassipetalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="FAFDE6A0AC94B31D0BC9C0F5938271EE" authorityName=", Mohanan and Henry" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="AA3A080F199EC83387B909ECD16C699B" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in “ a number of minor characters ” (
<bibRefCitation id="6F9D063E47E8F24EC29F59164FAC7C4F" author="Elmer ADE" firstAuthor="Elmer" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Philippine Botany" page="2833" pagination="2719-2884" refId="B48" refString="Elmer ADE (1915) Two hundred and twenty new species – II. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 8: 2719–2884." title="Two hundred and twenty new species - II." volume="8" year="1915">Elmer 1915: 2833</bibRefCitation>
). I place 
<taxonomicName id="AC648C60C5D3FEC5CD4B12E8402AE3AF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mindanaense">
<emphasis id="501F99AEBB212195BCABC8347195B571" italics="true">S. mindanaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in synonymy here based on the description but will continue to search for a fertile duplicate with which to lectotypify this name.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF4F83D9D3C94D93DBA244C46370E3BC">
<bibRefCitation id="4EC5E36EDECCA577A7B3D4E1BFB53F9B" author="Bitter G" firstAuthor="Bitter" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen Herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen [preprint]" pagination="292-520" refId="B12" refString="Bitter G (1919) Die Gattung Lycianthes. Abhandlungen Herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen [preprint] 24: 292–520." title="Die Gattung Lycianthes." volume="24" year="1919">Bitter (1919)</bibRefCitation>
described three infraspecific taxa for 
<taxonomicName id="7CAB8728EAA6D5B56D46F03D6D947389" authorityName=", Nair and Nayar" authorityYear="1987" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bigeminata">
<emphasis id="49205BE33069F1E54C73E1AFD3AE317B" italics="true">L. bigeminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="9397DCD42087C1A89FDDC3059893781D" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
; 
<taxonomicName id="BA41979FF89BDF24443B3288E7BBF128" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="bigeminata" subSpecies="nodocalyx">
subsp. 
<emphasis id="460C9444A30B0FB79029EE56B6417811" italics="true">nodocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="A289844340DB95A5C556B93CCEC795F8" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminata" variety="parvifrons">
var. 
<emphasis id="8BC1E6C2C438DF329DFAA523F2074CFB" italics="true">parvifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="30D46E0E59610B701EC8DEBB4CCF11D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminata" variety="calycodonta">
var. 
<emphasis id="F786D72007F9E2C53352477B29F08755" italics="true">calycodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="25BDE46A81321877E1C94F60EF004DD8" author="Hepper FN" editor="Dassanayake MD &amp; Fosberg FR" firstAuthor="Hepper" journalOrPublisher="Vol VI. Smithsonian and National Science Foundation USA, New Delhi" pagination="365-409" refId="B57" refString="Hepper FN (1987) Solanaceae. In: Dassanayake MD, Fosberg FR (Eds) A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Vol VI. Smithsonian and National Science Foundation USA, New Delhi, 365–409." title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon." year="1987">Hepper (1987)</bibRefCitation>
lectotypified 
<taxonomicName id="54E149AA8C653C9FBFA9F4BE1FB1C821" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="bigeminata" subSpecies="nodocalyx">
<emphasis id="F2990BAD24480A4104CA1A444010BAE4" italics="true">L. bigeminata subsp. nodocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the collection 
<emphasis id="55DCA0D3498E2EF0D3E6F285ACC9B3AD" italics="true">Hohenacker 803</emphasis>
but in citing both K and SLO necessitated a second-step lectotypification here. I have selected the specimen at Kew (K 00759401) as the second-step 
<typeStatus id="88A27C741715DC81356E893F8A7DE8CC" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. For 
<taxonomicName id="A2CB99B6D36E13EE8E61715C5397D4FB" authority="Bitter (1919)" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminata" variety="parvifrons">
<emphasis id="F09E79C26152F1F9EC8EC79E36C6F72D" italics="true">L. bigeminata var. parvifrons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="87F5C4D757803411C73E7B359BA13643" author="Bitter G" firstAuthor="Bitter" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen Herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen [preprint]" pagination="292-520" refId="B12" refString="Bitter G (1919) Die Gattung Lycianthes. Abhandlungen Herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen [preprint] 24: 292–520." title="Die Gattung Lycianthes." volume="24" year="1919">Bitter (1919)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
cited many different collections (
<emphasis id="414653493485232240D18AA5B8CDEECF" italics="true">Wight 2021</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="2CFCD2011349B558FFA2EF5FE085CB43" italics="true">2025</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="0C7DB8A0D68965909C0375B148DEC286" italics="true">1569</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="10A9658E3505C7851B4D14952F75CAFD" italics="true">Hooker &amp; Thomson s. n</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="E367EC4EA8E5CC8C130BA7D99C31A8C0" italics="true">Brandis 350</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="45D8593D53AE40FC0C3EC9063543C4A9" italics="true">s. n.</emphasis>
). The collections of Robert Wight are widely distributed, but whether they are real duplicates is not clear (
<bibRefCitation id="10759EE3EDB06ECE5A03029C76EFC7B9" author="Noltie" firstAuthor="Noltie" refId="B98" refString="Noltie HJ (2005) The botany of Robert Wight. Regnum Vegetabile, 145." year="2005">Noltie 2005</bibRefCitation>
). I have therefore selected 
<emphasis id="32A959F86FADA3E222342FE73C112ED4" italics="true">
Brandis 
<quantity id="0B1BE3BDC8EF77151E21A49FE8103787" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" unit="in" value="350.0">350 in</quantity>
</emphasis>
Hamburg (HBG- 511357), cited as from “ herb. Hamb. ” and annotated by Bitter, as the 
<typeStatus id="AC87043CB4D20D88B75A2B879F1E2AEF" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="D9B6A025432C07C76A081D0E71FF0DE9" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminata" variety="parvifrons">
var. 
<emphasis id="B591E249B121C2FD530AAF47EA7A4A5E" italics="true">parvifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Many collections were also cited in the protologue of 
<taxonomicName id="A802D6F1907DD6BACF51E21B613FC3BF" rank="variety" variety="calcodonta">
var. 
<emphasis id="4BB820FAEEAE0AE3BACFD5C93C9DD666" italics="true">calcodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mostly from “ herb. Berol. ” (
<emphasis id="FAF7661A82D792281B449429C65DE10B" italics="true">Hohenacker 1415</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="32787815074E93014D03CE6E0BC423C5" italics="true">Thomson s. n.</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="60029C8E44583A8B82F972A5D6EAD8A7" italics="true">Meebold 8878</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B86D9C169F75790188702517E3784682" italics="true">9456</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="15DB0B995233A774B1BE51199856F485" italics="true">11696</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="D43D2E1B4F62A87626834A917178D576" italics="true">12346</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="74B0568807DC89E117A0A928F5852319" italics="true">Saulière 88</emphasis>
), plus a sheet of 
<emphasis id="B23FC97AE310D52F6DC430DBBD106489" italics="true">Wight 2012</emphasis>
from Copenhagen. I have selected a duplicate of 
<emphasis id="C3A5F85E319697A3923CCBC20DD75B21" italics="true">Meebold 8878</emphasis>
held in Calcutta (CAL acc. # 315662) as the 
<typeStatus id="2E44296E249D6D144DFD972F1D7918D9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="142D851030661602EFBE8E057E21799D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bigeminata" variety="calycodonta">
var. 
<emphasis id="7E04443500A47D57F30AFEE2F8E4B153" italics="true">calycodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it is a well-preserved specimen and is held in an Indian herbarium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA306AF1AA51C3E3A783E530A80EB2C6">
As part of his concept of 
<taxonomicName id="2EE036A689820BC60A74BC904D646493" authority="Bitter (1919)" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="B021A3303407EB348C43359CC218AC9B" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="48BA68E759CCE03FD9CF39C8337C4BEB" author="Bitter G" firstAuthor="Bitter" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen Herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen [preprint]" pagination="292-520" refId="B12" refString="Bitter G (1919) Die Gattung Lycianthes. Abhandlungen Herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen [preprint] 24: 292–520." title="Die Gattung Lycianthes." volume="24" year="1919">Bitter (1919)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
published several infraspecific taxa. For 
<taxonomicName id="3750BA1EE0537A4CC9CFF7615449D93A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="laevis" variety="brevipedicellata">
<emphasis id="6D7001BAAF9A1546D9DE63890A30C04E" italics="true">L. laevis var brevipedicellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
he cited a specimen from Bogor “ 
<collectingRegion id="5195D9CCED06E48A9FFC6068880032C6" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
Poeding zimbo! hb. Bogor ” of which no material has been found despite an extensive search in BO and in Leiden. I have not neotypified this name here, as material may be found in the future. The protologue of 
<taxonomicName id="8DC564F9D2525DE3B733DD4EDC39BB81" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="laevis" subSpecies="inaequidens">
<emphasis id="C6549F4040F61E3CE0A12F030A1980BA" italics="true">L. laevis subsp. inaequidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes citations of duplicates of 
<emphasis id="D88A88D7670481F09D84E7C7C01554CB" italics="true">Zollinger 2597</emphasis>
from Bogor and Paris (although he cites the 
<collectingRegion id="BDFF3C39DF4848AB1A6CE4D5D0E25026" country="Germany" name="Berlin">Berlin</collectingRegion>
specimen of 
<emphasis id="B1BB962B4BFF6CBA8EEE6A83BD6DF591" italics="true">Zollinger 2597</emphasis>
under 
<taxonomicName id="83E259CFE3FF7799F90966A09FAB7DB6" authorityName="Bitter, Abh. Naturwiss. Verein" authorityYear="1919" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="346485610004F94382EFF7685FA58A27" italics="true">L. laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) together with a number of collections seen from “ hb. Bog. ” Searches at BO have turned up only 
<emphasis id="7D2F759279747BE178FEDB17BA27B30D" italics="true">Koorders 19891</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="565EF3C334C83B58ABBC111BE71BE9A1" italics="true">31886</emphasis>
of all the collections cited; both are scrappy specimens with little reproductive material. The sheet at Paris labelled 
<emphasis id="D194869EC6E144C4BDEF4F230413BF41" italics="true">Zollinger 2597 bis</emphasis>
with an undated annotation slip by Bitter (P 00379534) is therefore selected as the 
<typeStatus id="4555A6016EA5C0C337AB3243435B7C2E" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="E1461AACD6D09E85B82FD1D64BC272C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="laevis" variety="inaequidens">
var. 
<emphasis id="AAD272EEFD8703D03E33D7EB6E0D1A03" italics="true">inaequidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All the sheets of 
<emphasis id="BC7DBC1C9295E05EFD32A13F6C2C78BC" italics="true">
Zollinger 
<date id="D79A07C62437FE08036BD6D99575634E" value="2597-01">2597 I</date>
</emphasis>
have seen appear to be from the same gathering (although only P 000369020 from the Drake herbarium in P, labelled “ 2597 Z ” in an unknown hand, has the original locality label) and I consider 
<taxonomicName id="2639DC9B893F18A12BC0DBD796ED4447" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="zollingeri" variety="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="78871F2BA6B93CD35FE8EB2BF9E2500B" italics="true">S. zollingeri</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="F2DDFF4E28A8AE8DBCCC6113F20E5395" italics="true">multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BA4EE9F21629758D70C246ECE4CCD78B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="laevis" subSpecies="inaequidens">
<emphasis id="5268A6B2C0073D8DF811E8D0145DD632" italics="true">L. laevis subsp. inaequidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be homotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>