452 lines
39 KiB
XML
452 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.338.5535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30bc5d26-bc83-48f0-8398-b6f39144c2e6" ID-PMC="PMC3800838" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-338-11" ID-PubMed="24146581" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-338-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 338" ModsDocTitle="Two new species in the family Axinellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia and adjacent waters" checkinTime="1451246854002" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Austin, William C., Ott, Bruce S., Reiswig, Henry M., Romagosa, Paula & McDaniel, Neil G." docDate="2013" docId="21C25BFACA4D0855B32579759DCCFB20" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 338: 11-28" docOrigin="ZooKeys 338" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.338.5535" docTitle="Auletta krautteri Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa & McDaniel, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="9405FFB1FFEDFFD876626827F12AFFC4" masterDocTitle="Two new species in the family Axinellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia and adjacent waters" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668156560087" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Two new species in the family Axinellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia and adjacent waters</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Austin, William C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ott, Bruce S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Romagosa, Paula</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>McDaniel, Neil G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>338</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>28</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.338.5535</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.338.5535</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-338-11</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152048537" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B1D4806D-AE5D-4D4E-8DDC-6B5E2685BB76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21C25BFACA4D0855B32579759DCCFB20" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B1D4806D-AE5D-4D4E-8DDC-6B5E2685BB76" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="13">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Named after Dr. Manfred Krautter who organized a dive program in the submersible DELTA on sponge bioherms and collected the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Holotype: RBCM 013-00114-001; KML1105 KML Sta. 71/99 Hecate Strait, BC, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="52.44">52°26.4'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-129.66667">129°40.0'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 215 m depth, July 18, 1999, coll. M. Krautter, 1 specimen. Paratype: CMNI 2013-0001, KML1106, west of Dixon Entrance, BC, (54°370'N,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-133.91667">133°55.0'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 229 m depth, 1 specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="other material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Other material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||
KML1106, PBS 65-77, west of Dixon Entrance, BC, (54°
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="37.0">37 0'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-133.91667">133°55.0'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 229 m depth, 21 specimens; KML1108, PBS JWS-132, Queen Charlotte Sound, BC, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="51.375">51°22.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-129.225">129°13.5'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Feb. 3, 1965, 16 specimens; KML1107, KML Sta. 171/76, West of Flamingo Inlet, BC, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="52.163334">52°09.8'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-131.39667">131°23.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 200 m depth, Aug. 31, 1976, coll. W.C. Austin, 3 specimens; KML1109, PBS 71-47, off Dixon Entrance, BC, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="54.503334">54°30.2'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-135.88834">135°53.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 256 m depth, 3 specimens; KML1105, KML Sta. 71/99, Hecate Strait, BC, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="51.358334">51°21.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-129.225">129°13.5'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 183 m depth; CASIZ 020231, NODC 366501, Gulf of Alaska, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="59.033333">59°2.0'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-141.06">141°3.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 348 m depth, 2 specimens; KML1108, PBS 981-60, Dixon Entrance, BC, (54°N, 132°W), 128 m depth; CMN 1900-86, Forester I., Alaska, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="54.8">54°48'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-133.6">133°36'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth no data, coll. W. Van Vliet; CMN 1900-89, sta. LM 43, Tasu, Queen Charlotte Islands, BC, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.75">52°45'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-132.1">132°06'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth no data, coll. L. Marhue; CMN 1900 sta. JWS-93, Forester I., Alaska, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="54.8">54°48'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-133.6">133°36'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth no data, coll. J.W. Scogoen; CMN 1900-91, W. of Queen Charlotte Islands, BC, (53°N, 132°W), depth no data, coll. W. Van Vliet; CMN 1900-93, sta. FRB 66 221 m depth, Forester I, Alaska, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="54.8">54°48'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-133.6">133°36'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth no data; CMN 1900-94, sta. LM-43, Tasu, Queen Charlotte I., BC, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="52.75">52°45'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-132.1">132°06'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth no data, coll. L. Marhue; CMN 1900-96, sta. FRB 66-2-6, off Sitka, Alaska, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="57.038334">57°02.3'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-135.33833">135°20.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth no data, coll. W. Van Vliet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="14" start="start">Macroscopic</pageBreakToken>
|
||
features. Erect, stalked tubes typically single (Fig. 1A), occasionally branched (2 to 3 tubes on a common base); branched forms uncommon. Overall height 5-13 cm, width of tubes 0.7-2 cm. Stalk comprises up to one third of overall height. A single 2-8 mm diameter osculum at the tube apex leads into an atrial cavity extending the length of the tube and into the stalk where the tube diameter is restricted. Wall thickness of the tube 5-10 mm. Surface felt-like to touch. Smooth inner wall penetrated by a series of elongate openings. Consistency compressible but firm and tough. Colour in life reddish-brown; grey or cream in alcohol. Specimens collected in 1965 contained oocytes 130 to 150
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Figure 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A Fresh specimen, KML1107, KML Sta. 171/76, West of Flamingo Inlet, BC, scale bar 5 cm B KML1105, vertical longitudinal section, scale bar 3 mm C KML1105, cross section, scale bar 3 mm;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–O">D-O</normalizedToken>
|
||
. KML1105, spicules D ends of style, scale bar 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
E style associated with osculum (under light microscope), scale bar 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–I">F-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
various forms of styles F scale bar 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; G. scale bar 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
H scale bar 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
I scale bar 300
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
J ends of oxea, scale bar 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="K–M">K-M</normalizedToken>
|
||
various forms of oxeas K scale bar 300
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
L scale bar 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
M scale bar 300
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
N ends of strongyle, scale bar 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
O, P two forms of strongyles, scale bar 300
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="15" start="start">Microscopic</pageBreakToken>
|
||
features. Skeletal architecture simple, composed of one to three multi-spicule tracts oriented parallel to and lining the atrial cavity, which is relatively smooth as a result (Fig. 1B). Single, or multispicular tracts branch from this longitudinal tract approximately at right angles and project to the outer surface. The branches also form short brushes, and where each branch penetrates the surface, the terminal brush forms a tuft to produce a hispid appearance (Fig. 1C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Each tract varies from 150-400
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter. Ascending tracts are composed primarily of straight and curved styles, and secondarily of sinuous oxeas, curved oxeas and occasional sinuous strongyles (Fig. 1O, P). Straight styles or styles curved near the base form the exterior tips of ascending fibres and curved, bent or sinuous oxeas and styles form cross tract links.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
The multi-spicule tracts of the atrial cavity are 500-700
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter and composed of bundles of 10 to 15 spicules cemented by spongin Ascending tracts composed of fewer, typically 5 or 6, spicules in a bundle cemented by spongin. Atrial tracts composed primarily of sinuous oxeas, secondarily of curved and straight styles; occasionally sinuous strongyles, sinuous styles, and curved oxeas located in axial tracts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Ectosome surface forms a reticulation in the areas with pores where it is elevated about 2 mm above the general surface. Easily detachable aspicular membranes are present on dermal surface stretched between spicule tracts, and on atrial surface below the longitudinal spicule tracts (Fig. 1B, C). The choanosome occupies the space between the detachable membranes and is distinguished by radial orientation of the spicule tracts, and by the somewhat different proportion of spicules, which is quite variable among different specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Oscula may be ringed by long, straight styles singly or in tufts. Fringe may be absent, but if present, extends 100-300
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
beyond the osculum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Stalk is denser than the tube, not hollow except near the tube base, and packed with branching and anastomosing multi-spicule tracts, forming a dense reticulation of two to ten or more spicules to a bundle cemented by spongin. Stalk tracts 100-400
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter. Primary spicules sinuous strongyles which serve to reinforce the stem. The proportion of other stalk spicules is quite variable with sinuous oxeas, bent and curved and straight styles being variably the next most abundant. Sinuous styles and curved or bent oxeas are uncommon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Spicules. Spicule types include straight (Fig. 1F) and bent (Fig. 1H) styles of the multi-spicule tracts; long, straight styles of the oscular fringe (Fig. 1E) and proximate area; sinuous (Fig. 1K, L), curved or bent (Fig. 1M) oxeas, and sinuous strongyles (Fig. 1O, P). Occasionally sinuous oxeas occur that are rounded on one end forming sinuous styles. These latter were enumerated separately to give a qualitative idea of their abundance.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Longer styles often have a reduced diameter at the head comparable to mycalostyles. Oxeas are often anisometric. Both oxeas and styles occasionally have mucronate or rounded apices. Oxeas and strongyles may occasionally be centrotylote.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Five specimens were examined in detail (Table 1).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Table 1. Comparison of spicules in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens examined in detail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<table pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="2">ID</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="2">Location</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="2">Latitude, Longitude</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="2">Depth (m)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Length (µm)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Straight Style</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Curved Style</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Sinuous Oxea</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Curved oxeas</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Sinuous Strongyle</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">Oscular Styles</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="52.44">52°26.4'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-129.66667">129°40.0'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="54.616665">54°37.0'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-133.91667">133°55.0'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="51.5">51°30.0'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-128.0">128°0.0'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="54.503334">54°30.2'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-133.88834">133°53.3'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<td colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="53.496666">52°89.8'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-131.39667">131°23.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Evident from the Table 1 above is the relatively large variability in disposition and size of spicules from specimen to specimen.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="16" start="start">Our</pageBreakToken>
|
||
specimens fit the diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Auletta</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarez, B" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Kluwer Academic / Plenum Pub., New York" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="24 - 747" title="Family Axinellidae Carter, 1875." year="2002">Alvarez and Hooper (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
except that the sinuous diacts are primarily oxeas in the tube and strongyles in the stem. Several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Auletta</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reportedtohave sinuous oxeas but no strongyles (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta aurantiaca" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">Auletta aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dendy, 1889,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta consimilis" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="consimilis">Auletta consimilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thiele, 1898,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta pedunculata" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">Auletta pedunculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Topsent, 1896,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta lyrata" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lyrata">Auletta lyrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Esper, 1794)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
The following species are not conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the absence of one or more spicule types.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta andamensis" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="andamensis">Auletta andamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pattanayak, 2006, p. 66 No strongyles
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta aurantiaca" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">Auletta aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dendy, 1889, p. 92No strongyles
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta consimilis" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="consimilis">Auletta consimilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thiele, 1898, p. 55 No strongyles
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta dendrophora" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dendrophora">Auletta dendrophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wilson, 1904, p. 158 No oxeas
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta grantioides" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="grantioides">Auletta grantioides</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lévi">Levi</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Vacelet, 1958, p. 243 No oxeas
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta halicondroides" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="halicondroides">Auletta halicondroides</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thiele, 1898, p. 55 No strongyles
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta lyrata" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lyrata">Auletta lyrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Esper, 1794) No strongyles
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta lyrata" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lyrata">Auletta lyrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
var. brevispiculata Dendy, 1922 No strongyles
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta pedunculata" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">Auletta pedunculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Topsent, 1896 No strongyles
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta sessilis" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sessilis">Auletta sessilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Topsent, 1904 No oxeas
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta sycinularia" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sycinularia">Auletta sycinularia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schmidt, 1870 No oxeas
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta tubulosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulosa">Auletta tubulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ridley & Dendy, 1886), p. 482 No oxeas or strongyles
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta tuberosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuberosa">Auletta tuberosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alvarez, Van Soest &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rützler">Ruetzler</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1998, forms clusters of tubes which are tuberculate rather than smooth as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It does have oxeas, but they are smaller (340
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–430–">-430-</normalizedToken>
|
||
530) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta elongata" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongata">Auletta elongata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dendy, 1905: external form consists of multiple tubes branching off a single stem rather than single tubes on each stem as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The axial skeleton consists of stout fibres with short perpendicular anastomosing branches rather than single to three longitudinal axial fibres with relatively long arching perpendicular fibres that branch but do not anastomose.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta elongata" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongata">Auletta elongata</taxonomicName>
|
||
var. fruticosa Dendy, 1916, is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta elongata" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongata">Auletta elongata</taxonomicName>
|
||
except it has smaller spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Two other sponges originally assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Auletta</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reassigned to other genera:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta elegans" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elegans">Auletta elegans</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vosmaer, 1882, is now accepted as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Semisuberites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Semisuberites cribrosa" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cribrosa">Semisuberites cribrosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Miklucho-Maclay, 1870) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" title="World Porifera Database." url="http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera" year="2005">van Soest et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): Barents Sea.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta celebensis" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celebensis">Auletta celebensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thiele, 1899 is now accepted as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Stylissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stylissa massa" order="Scopalinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="massa">Stylissa massa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Carter, 1887) (Van Soest et al., op. cit.): West Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stone, RP" journalOrPublisher="NOAA Professional Paper, NMFS" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" title="A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago." volume="12" year="2011">Stone et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
briefly described and showed images of a tubular form they identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axinella rugosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rugosa">Axinella rugosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bowerbank, 1866) that might be con-specific with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axinella rugosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rugosa">Axinella rugosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the N. Atlantic is described as bushy with irregular branches (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Soest, RWM van" journalOrPublisher="Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" title="Sponges of the NE Atlantic. In: Marine Species identification Portal." url="http://species-identification.org" year="2013">van Soest 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lambe, LM" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="23" pagination="113 - 138" title="Sponges form the western coast of North America." volume="12" year="1895">Lambe (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified four specimens from Chika Island and Unalaska Island as belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axinella rugosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rugosa">Axinella rugosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, Cuenot (1913) argued that these were not
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axinella rugosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rugosa">Axinella rugosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
and proposed a new name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Phakellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phakellia lambei" order="Axinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lambei">Phakellia lambei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Topsent, 1913.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lambe, LM" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="23" pagination="113 - 138" title="Sponges form the western coast of North America." volume="12" year="1895">Lambe (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described his specimens as dividing close to the base into two branches which subdivide above into two lobate expansions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="conclusions">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Conclusions.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
|
||
No described species have a suite of characters matching those of our specimens. We therefore propose that the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="17" start="start">Auletta</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in British Columbia and Alaska be considered a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We suggest that the tubular forms recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stone, RP" journalOrPublisher="NOAA Professional Paper, NMFS" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" title="A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago." volume="12" year="2011">Stone et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are likely
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="17" type="bathymetric range">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">Bathymetric range.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
|
||
180 to 320 meters depth; 87 to 712 meters depth if include
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axinella rugosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rugosa">Axinella rugosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stone, RP" journalOrPublisher="NOAA Professional Paper, NMFS" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" title="A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago." volume="12" year="2011">Stone et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="17" type="zoogeographic range">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">Zoogeographic range.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Gulf of Alaska and south to the southern end of the Queen Charlotte Islands, BC, also central Aleutian Islands if include
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Axinella rugosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rugosa">Axinella rugosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stone, RP" journalOrPublisher="NOAA Professional Paper, NMFS" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" title="A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago." volume="12" year="2011">Stone et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="17" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The sponge is a moderately common dredged species found on rock, gravel or mud substrates. Some individuals have been found with a small red copepod (unidentified) burrowed into the surface. Two individuals examined contained a species of the isopod
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Gnathiidae" genus="Gnathia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathia" order="Isopoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gnathia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, oriented head down. Unidentified gammarid amphipods and unidentified spionid polychaetes have also been observed. Numbers of the crinoid
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Florometra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Florometra serratissima" order="Comatulida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="serratissima">Florometra serratissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A.H. Clark, 1907) were observed clinging to specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Auletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Auletta krautteri" order="Axinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="krautteri">Auletta krautteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Hecate Strait, BC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |