579 lines
78 KiB
XML
579 lines
78 KiB
XML
<document id="1E0FBC11FE26F374894551569F82EF1C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275445" ID-GBIF-Dataset="406e7277-8fee-473b-98b5-3a881decf7db" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275445" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460068842059" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Eernisse, Douglas J., Strathmann, Megumi F. & Strathmann, Richard R." docDate="2010" docId="03A0E238AE7DFFFDFF4207FBFDB32F3D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02329p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2329" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Henricia pumila Eernisse, Strathmann & Strathmann, 2010, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FF999A40AE75FFF0FFD5076CFF8A2E1B" masterDocTitle="Henricia pumila sp. nov.: A brooding seastar (Asteroidea) from the coastal northeastern Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698234727237" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="C596DF1BFE6A12924A5C378EE9CCC3E0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="715B121DBC1FD75364FEB9B991A0B3AE">
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<mods:title id="4895C56E082BCE213F9BE4CEE7F924D5">Henricia pumila sp. nov.: A brooding seastar (Asteroidea) from the coastal northeastern Pacific</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8412E550D137F5F57527633B0FB499CC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8061F00696A652C5E52DF5CD6A7B2C57">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8E7CE3B32099DC09E53B9DE8CC9AA4A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="72112E169289BCB51A7BF234FE08D5F2">Eernisse, Douglas J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="85C1386939796453DF644B44CE26D871" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6EF4620FE9E07B1DDEC0F1CE670E2E78">
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<mods:roleTerm id="24133CC45CBB652DBA873C829C70E138">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C94AA57BBE61A3392A3D979DA942277B">Strathmann, Megumi F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="912CE5288D1E096FF9DCC4B82EE43737" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5FCA5D1BF8A47752B7793D774F6278E6">
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<mods:roleTerm id="682462AA2ED075C3AB1F881C6BFC71F5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5D01D64F655CE295E9A0791F682961C0">Strathmann, Richard R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1795B27BFB7A9B4CF053D14650AEBAEC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D918140D4FC058C3C21CF56D149390E8">
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<mods:title id="BFE9473F5A315963EE3B4DE78AD2FFD7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="BD109F0717324AEF37A990B7DFC04CFC">
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<mods:date id="89B7230F26351B2BC677C57EF7A8E55E">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="87D171F4DBB5ED7DE132A37FE74E1A22" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BBFD94427C8A1A9337701CA95B6DEE64">2329</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="36DCC67CCE9392973682D4A26F6170A0">22</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="76C6D9D857C7CCF2B76584E1234F6539">36</mods:end>
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|
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="BADBB8EF09F41D0B826C991553D2535A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="641F015ED9C33D045850132205DFE024" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275445</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3F1158988772FCB64132B3DF4D78C623" type="GBIF-Dataset">406e7277-8fee-473b-98b5-3a881decf7db</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8E1E30B5D4A4C8429CC609DC591107CB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6320EBCAABC3644E231D2247E00D5EB9" type="Zenodo-Dep">275445</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A0E238AE7DFFFDFF4207FBFDB32F3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6205509" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127654597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6205509" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0E238AE7DFFFDFF4207FBFDB32F3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0E238AE7DFFFDFF4207FBFDB32F3D" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE7DFFF8FF4207FBFDDC2ECF" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF8FF4207FBFE252EAA" blockId="8.[151,598,151,212]" box="[151,431,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<heading id="D0FEE442AE7DFFF8FF4207FBFE252EAA" bold="true" box="[151,431,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FF4207FBFE252EAA" bold="true" box="[151,431,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7DFFF8FF4207FBFED42EAA" ID-CoL="6M29Y" box="[151,350,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FF4207FBFED42EAA" bold="true" box="[151,350,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Henricia pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E3247AE7DFFF8FEB807FBFE252EAA" box="[365,431,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF8FF4207D6FDDC2ECF" blockId="8.[151,598,151,212]" box="[151,598,186,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE7DFFF8FF4207D6FF6E2ECF" box="[151,228,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[153,1422,999,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,983,1835]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A drawing representing the plate series that flank the ambulacral groove on rays of A, Henricia leviuscula and B, H. pumila n. sp. Terms in parentheses are synonyms that have been used by other authors in published descriptions of species in the genus. Abbreviations: A adambulacral, V ventrolateral, shown in solid black (intermediate actinal, interactinal, actinal intermediate, peractinal, subactinal, oral intermediate), I inferomarginal (inframarginal), S superomarginal (supramarginal). Scale bar: A = 1.0 cm, B = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275446/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 3B–D, 4B–C, 5B, 5D, 5F–G
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE7DFFF8FF42066BFE392F64" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF8FF42066BFDD22F24" blockId="8.[151,1436,263,383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FF42066BFECC2F04" bold="true" box="[151,326,263,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE7DFFF8FF42066BFF452F04" box="[151,207,263,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Material:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE7DFFF8FE840664FE3E2F04" box="[337,436,264,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FE6A0664FD862F04" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[447,524,264,287]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1116585;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE7DFFF8FD500664FD662F04" box="[645,748,264,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FD220664FCCE2F04" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[759,836,264,287]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1116586;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FC680664FB802F04" box="[957,1034,264,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<date id="FFB775EEAE7DFFF8FBC30664FBEC2F04" box="[1046,1126,264,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="59-05-18">180559</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFB775EEAE7DFFF8FB760664FB7C2F04" box="[1187,1270,264,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="60-05-18">180560</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FAD00664FAD82F04" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[1285,1362,264,287]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
1987- 519.001 and 2005-065.001;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FE210644FDA32F24" box="[500,553,296,319]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6byf-n19z" name="Museo dei Fisiocritici" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">MFS</collectionCode>
|
||
109
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF8FF42062BFE392F64" blockId="8.[151,1436,263,383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FF42062BFEB72F44" bold="true" box="[151,317,327,351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE7DFFF8FF42062BFF472F44" box="[151,205,327,351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mar Vista Resort, San Juan Island, Washington,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE7DFFF8FCB30624FC112F44" box="[870,923,328,351]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(48°28.595ʹN 123°04.015ʹW), rocky intertidal under rock in tidepool
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE7DFFF8FF4206C4FC7E2FE4" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF8FF4206C4FD6E2FA4" blockId="8.[151,1223,424,511]" box="[151,740,424,447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB197400AE7DFFF8FF4206C4FD6E2FA4" box="[151,740,424,447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7DFFF8FF7606C4FE0F2FA4" ID-CoL="ZFLS" box="[163,389,424,447]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Cribrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laeviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FF7606C4FE0F2FA4" box="[163,389,424,447]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Cribrella laeviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7DFFF8FE5906C4FD6E2FA4" authority="H.L. Clark 1901:328" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="328" authorityYear="1901" box="[396,740,424,447]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="laeviuscula" variety="crassa">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FE6C06C4FE742FA4" box="[441,510,424,447]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">crassa</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE7DFFF8FDD306C4FD6E2FA4" author="Clark" box="[518,740,424,447]" page="328" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" year="1901">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE7DFFF8FDD306C4FD3F2FA4" author="Clark" box="[518,693,424,447]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Clark, H. L. (1901) Echinoderms from Puget Sound, observations made on the echinoderms collected by the parties from Columbia University, in Puget Sound in 1896 and 1897. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 29, 323 - 337, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1901">H.L. Clark 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:328
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF8FF4206A4FC7E2FE4" blockId="8.[151,1223,424,511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB197400AE7DFFF8FF4206A4FC7E2FE4" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7DFFF8FF4206A4FEE22FC4" ID-CoL="3KVDT" box="[151,360,456,479]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FF4206A4FEE22FC4" box="[151,360,456,479]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
variety F, in part,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE7DFFF8FDF906A4FD232FC4" author="Fisher" box="[556,681,456,479]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE7DFFF8FCC606A4FC1E2FC4" author="Feder" box="[787,916,456,479]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Feder, H. M. (1980) Asteroidea: The sea stars. In: Morris, R. H., Abbott, D. P., & Haderlie, E. C. (Eds.), Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, pp. 117 - 135." type="book chapter" year="1980">Feder, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE7DFFF8FC7506A4FBB52FC4" author="Lambert" box="[928,1087,456,479]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" refString="Lambert, P. (1981) The Sea Stars of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Musum Handbook 39, pp. 96 - 107." type="journal article" year="1981">Lambert, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE7DFFF8FB9E06A4FB4A2FC4" author="Mah" box="[1099,1216,456,479]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" refString="Mah, C. (2007) Asteroidea. In: Carlton, J. T. (Ed.), Light and Smith Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon, 4 th Ed. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, pp. 463 - 466." type="book chapter" year="2007">Mah, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7DFFF8FF420684FEE22FE4" ID-CoL="3KVDT" box="[151,360,488,511]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FF420684FEE22FE4" box="[151,360,488,511]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FEAD0684FE2A2FE4" box="[376,416,488,511]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">non</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE7DFFF8FE730684FDDB2FE4" author="Stimpson" box="[422,593,488,511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" refString="Stimpson, W. (1857) On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6, 444 - 532, pls. 18 - 23." type="journal article" year="1857">Stimpson, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in part,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA8753FAE7DFFF8FD630684FCF12FE4" author="Hopkins" box="[694,891,488,511]" page="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" year="1967">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE7DFFF8FD630684FCDD2FE4" author="Hopkins" box="[694,855,488,511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="36" refString="Hopkins, T. S. (1967) Studies on the biology and carotenoid biochemistry of three species of the sea-star genus Henricia. Ph. Dissertation. University of California, San Diego, xviii + 267 pp." type="book" year="1967">Hopkins, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 19
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–23, 65–68
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE7DFFF8FF420542FD752A03" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF8FF420542FD752A03" blockId="8.[151,1437,558,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FF420542FE572C53" bold="true" box="[151,477,558,584]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Other material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
More than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0F98A7AE7DFFF8FDB20542FC9F2C53" box="[615,789,558,584]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="generic">100 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in our collections from the San Juan Archipelago, San Juan Co., Washington, plus other specimens from southern Vancouver Island, British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE7DFFF8FB670539FAA72C74" box="[1202,1325,597,623]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE7DFFF8FAEC0539FA1D2C74" box="[1337,1431,597,623]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, intertidal; Bodega Head, Sonoma Co., California, intertidal; Franklin Pt., San Mateo Co., California, intertidal; Monterey Breakwater, Monterey Co., California, approx.
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FC6005CEFBAA2CA7" box="[949,1056,674,700]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 m</quantity>
|
||
, including one brooding female; Shelter Cove, between Shell Beach and Pismo Beach, San Luis Obispo Co., California, intertidal; Arbolitos, south of Punta Banda, Baja California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE7DFFF8FDA1059CFD592D11" box="[628,723,752,778]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, intertidal. Museum specimens identified included:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FA93059CFA162D11" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1350,1436,752,778]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1083883 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FEC7047AFECB2D2B" box="[274,321,790,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
lot), Carmel, Monterey Co., California;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FCFB047AFC0E2D2B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[814,900,790,816]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E3831 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FC39047AFB962D2B" box="[1004,1052,790,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
lot), Monterey Bay, California;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FF420451FF672D4C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,237,829,855]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E3832 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FE830451FE0F2D4C" box="[342,389,829,855]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
lot), Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FC570451FC522D4C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[898,984,829,855]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
E21533, San Nicolas Id., California;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FF420408FF662D65" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,236,868,894]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1083885 (
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FEB80408FE112D65" box="[365,411,868,894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
lot), Puget Sound, Washington;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FCCB0408FCF92D65" box="[798,883,868,894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
0 0 8558 Crescent City, California (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0F98A7AE7DFFF8FAC20408FA112D65" box="[1303,1435,868,894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
in alcohol, likely “variety F” voucher for
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE7DFFF8FDAC04E6FC872DBF" author="Fisher" box="[633,781,906,932]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:285);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FC8004E6FC202DBF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[853,938,906,932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
1959-281.12 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0F98A7AE7DFFF8FB8D04E6FB552DBF" box="[1112,1247,906,932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
), Monterey Co., California, intertidal,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D35E9AE7DFFF8FE4B04DDFD8F2DD0" box="[414,517,945,971]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="36.533333">36°32’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D35E9AE7DFFF8FDDB04DDFD072DD0" box="[526,653,945,971]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-121.933334">121°56’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED18CBEBAE7DFFF8FD4E04DDFD7B2DD0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" box="[667,753,945,971]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
1928-3.1, Pacific Grove, California, intertidal. We have additionally examined images of seastars from the vicinity of Sitka, Alaska (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE7DFFF8FBF304B4FBE62DE9" box="[1062,1132,984,1010]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,503,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1248,503,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Living coloration. A. Henricia leviuscula voucher USNM 1116587. B. Henricia pumila n. sp. holotype USNM 1116585. A whole seastar, aboral and oral views, scale bar = 1 cm. Note the small size, short rays in relation to disc diameter. B – C. ray and disc, scale bar = 1 cm. B. aboral and oral views. On aboral surface note small, crescentic pseudopaxillae and relatively larger papular areas. On oral surface note elongated adambulacral plates with few spines, ventrolateral plates extending only four-fifths the ray length, and elongated inferomarginal and superomarginal plates (the latter not entirely in view). C. Color in field for likely H. pumila from near Sitka, Alaska (image by A. Baldwin). D. Color in field for likely H. pumila from Cape Arago, Oregon (image by J. Goddard)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275448/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C) and from Cape Arago, Oregon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE7DFFF8FF2A0492FEC82A03" box="[255,322,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,503,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1248,503,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Living coloration. A. Henricia leviuscula voucher USNM 1116587. B. Henricia pumila n. sp. holotype USNM 1116585. A whole seastar, aboral and oral views, scale bar = 1 cm. Note the small size, short rays in relation to disc diameter. B – C. ray and disc, scale bar = 1 cm. B. aboral and oral views. On aboral surface note small, crescentic pseudopaxillae and relatively larger papular areas. On oral surface note elongated adambulacral plates with few spines, ventrolateral plates extending only four-fifths the ray length, and elongated inferomarginal and superomarginal plates (the latter not entirely in view). C. Color in field for likely H. pumila from near Sitka, Alaska (image by A. Baldwin). D. Color in field for likely H. pumila from Cape Arago, Oregon (image by J. Goddard)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275448/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D) that appear to be the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE7DFFF8FF130349FF752AC1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF8FF130349FF752AC1" blockId="8.[151,1437,558,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FF130349FECC2A24" bold="true" box="[198,326,1061,1087]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Small in size; rays stout and short (R/r less than 5), aboral pseudopaxillae well-spaced, bearing up to 50 short spines with fenestrated, crystalline, smooth-sided shafts tipped by up to 10 heavy sharp points that do not noticeably splay. Aboral color in life usually a mottled pattern of ochre, brown, gray, rust-red, or yellow; oral color yellow to cream. Gonopores orally-directed, eggs non-buoyant, development benthic and brooded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE7DFFFAFF13038AFD7F28AF" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF8FF13038AFC9F2B80" blockId="8.[151,1437,558,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7DFFF8FF13038AFED42B1B" bold="true" box="[198,350,1254,1280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE7DFFF8FEBF038AFE5D2B1B" box="[362,471,1254,1280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE7DFFF8FE39038AFDC82B1B" box="[492,578,1254,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,503,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1248,503,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Living coloration. A. Henricia leviuscula voucher USNM 1116587. B. Henricia pumila n. sp. holotype USNM 1116585. A whole seastar, aboral and oral views, scale bar = 1 cm. Note the small size, short rays in relation to disc diameter. B – C. ray and disc, scale bar = 1 cm. B. aboral and oral views. On aboral surface note small, crescentic pseudopaxillae and relatively larger papular areas. On oral surface note elongated adambulacral plates with few spines, ventrolateral plates extending only four-fifths the ray length, and elongated inferomarginal and superomarginal plates (the latter not entirely in view). C. Color in field for likely H. pumila from near Sitka, Alaska (image by A. Baldwin). D. Color in field for likely H. pumila from Cape Arago, Oregon (image by J. Goddard)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275448/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 4B, 5D, 5F), collected by RRS and MFS on
|
||
<date id="FFB775EEAE7DFFF8FB4C038AFAD52B1B" box="[1177,1375,1254,1280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="2005-03-30">March 30, 2005</date>
|
||
, is a medium-sized specimen, in life R =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FDEB0261FD232B3C" box="[574,681,1293,1319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="19.7">19.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FD090261FCB32B3C" box="[732,825,1293,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Madreporal ray
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FBD50261FBD32B3C" box="[1024,1113,1293,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at base. Living aboral colors are ochre mottled with red-brown spots on every ray, orange-red around the anus extending toward one interradius, and orange at the ray tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE7DFFF8FD820236FD222B6F" box="[599,680,1370,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,257,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[340,1246,503,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1248,503,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Living coloration. A. Henricia leviuscula voucher USNM 1116587. B. Henricia pumila n. sp. holotype USNM 1116585. A whole seastar, aboral and oral views, scale bar = 1 cm. Note the small size, short rays in relation to disc diameter. B – C. ray and disc, scale bar = 1 cm. B. aboral and oral views. On aboral surface note small, crescentic pseudopaxillae and relatively larger papular areas. On oral surface note elongated adambulacral plates with few spines, ventrolateral plates extending only four-fifths the ray length, and elongated inferomarginal and superomarginal plates (the latter not entirely in view). C. Color in field for likely H. pumila from near Sitka, Alaska (image by A. Baldwin). D. Color in field for likely H. pumila from Cape Arago, Oregon (image by J. Goddard)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275448/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Madreporite cream yellow. Oral color orange yellow. A large aboral pseudopaxilla with 25 spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE7DFFF8FD9F02EDFD2F2B80" box="[586,677,1409,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A – B" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1241,1265]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,194,1217]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. A – B. Detail of aboral surface of single ray. A. Henricia leviuscula voucher USNM 1116587 (see also Figs. 3 A, 5 C, 5 E). B. H. pumila n. sp. holotype. C. Oral surface of single ray, H. pumila n. sp. USNM 1116586 paratype. Note the ventrolateral series of plates / spines extends unusually far in this individual (contrast with Fig. 1 B). A – B same scale bar = 4 mm. C scale bar = 4 mm. Images A – B by A. Draeger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275449/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE7DFFF8FD6702EDFD4A2B80" box="[690,704,1409,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – B" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – B SEM images of aboral spines, scale bar = 100 µm. A. Henricia leviuscula (MFS 149) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with splayed sharp points. B. Henricia pumila, n. sp. (MFS 109 paratype) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with sharp points that do not splay. C – G close-ups of aboral pseudopaxillae. C, E. H. leviuscula USNM 1116587. D, F. H. pumila n. sp. holotype. G. H. pumila n. sp. USNM 1116586 paratype, fixed in formalin and air-dried. Note tissue obscuring spine tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275450/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">5</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 5F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF8FF1002C4FABF2905" blockId="8.[151,1437,558,2015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Most specimens have 5 rays; 4- or 6-rayed individuals are rare. The rays taper rather evenly from base to tip but are short and stout. Among
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0F98A7AE7DFFF8FDE102A2FD592BF3" box="[564,723,1486,1512]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="generic">34 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the San Juan Archipelago (the largest having R =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FABC02A2FF4F2814" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="29.4">29.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
and r =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FEF20299FE0B2814" box="[295,385,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
and the smallest having R =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FD020299FCBB2814" box="[727,817,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
and r =
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7DFFF8FC460299FC7B2814" box="[915,1009,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), R/r varied from 1.8 to 4.7, average 3.0. Aboral color usually mottled, the mix may include yellow, ochre, brown, rust-red and gray, all colors not always present on each individual (southern specimens show a greater range of mottling); oral color cream to orange yellow. Madreporite distinct; madreporal spines grouped at the periphery and in single rows across the center and the same size as the aboral pseudopaxillar spines. Aboral pseudopaxillae well-spaced and separated by recessed tissue and papular areas containing 1 to 4 papulae, the maximum number increasing with body size. Aboral pseudopaxillae oval or irregularly oblong on the disc and oval to crescentic on the rays consisting of tissue-covered spines in groups of 2 to 50, usually 12 to 45, the number increasing with body size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7DFFF9FF130046FC1C2F68" blockId="8.[151,1437,558,2015]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1438,152,448]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Aboral spines are short and stout and terminate in multiple short sharp points that do not markedly splay and so are directed more or less distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE7DFFF8FDAA003DFC882970" box="[639,770,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – B" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – B SEM images of aboral spines, scale bar = 100 µm. A. Henricia leviuscula (MFS 149) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with splayed sharp points. B. Henricia pumila, n. sp. (MFS 109 paratype) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with sharp points that do not splay. C – G close-ups of aboral pseudopaxillae. C, E. H. leviuscula USNM 1116587. D, F. H. pumila n. sp. holotype. G. H. pumila n. sp. USNM 1116586 paratype, fixed in formalin and air-dried. Note tissue obscuring spine tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275450/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Figs. 5B, 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 5F), which can be obscured by tissue in living or airdried (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE7DFFF8FF330014FEA42989" box="[230,302,1912,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A – B" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1782]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,194,1784]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. A – B SEM images of aboral spines, scale bar = 100 µm. A. Henricia leviuscula (MFS 149) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with splayed sharp points. B. Henricia pumila, n. sp. (MFS 109 paratype) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with sharp points that do not splay. C – G close-ups of aboral pseudopaxillae. C, E. H. leviuscula USNM 1116587. D, F. H. pumila n. sp. holotype. G. H. pumila n. sp. USNM 1116586 paratype, fixed in formalin and air-dried. Note tissue obscuring spine tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275450/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
G) specimens. On the rays, two marginal and one ventrolateral series of pseudopaxillae form regular and obvious rows flanking the ambulacral plates that edge the ambulacral furrow. Near the ray base, a small triangle of interradial pseudopaxillae is enclosed between the superomarginal series, as it descends from the aboral disc to lie along the ray side, and the inferomarginal series. Both the supero- and inferomarginal pseudopaxillae are slightly larger than the aboral pseudopaxillae and extend to the ray tip in 1:1 correspondence with the ambulacral plates. The ventrolateral pseudopaxillae are small and this series extends half to three-fourths of the length of the ray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13324FABAE7CFFF9FD760660FD6C2F3D" box="[675,742,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[153,1422,999,1825]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,983,1835]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A drawing representing the plate series that flank the ambulacral groove on rays of A, Henricia leviuscula and B, H. pumila n. sp. Terms in parentheses are synonyms that have been used by other authors in published descriptions of species in the genus. Abbreviations: A adambulacral, V ventrolateral, shown in solid black (intermediate actinal, interactinal, actinal intermediate, peractinal, subactinal, oral intermediate), I inferomarginal (inframarginal), S superomarginal (supramarginal). Scale bar: A = 1.0 cm, B = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275446/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 4C). Among specimens with R ranging from 9.0 to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF1FECBAE7CFFF9FABD0660FF422F57" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="29.4">29.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the ratio of ventrolateral to adambulacral pseudopaxillae (V/A, counted from mouth to ray tip) ranged from 0.34 to 0.79, averaging 0.62 (N = 53;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE7CFFF9FD470635FD732F68" box="[658,761,345,371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
V/A = 0.74).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7CFFF9FF1306ECFB952FDB" blockId="9.[151,1438,152,448]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">A regular series of single papulae occurs between the inferomarginal and ventrolateral pseudopaxillae and single papulae between some ventrolateral and adambulacral pseudopaxillae.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7603A6AE7CFFF9FF4201DAFB972986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275448/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[340,1246,503,1693]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7CFFF9FF4201DAFB972986" blockId="9.[151,1437,1718,1949]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7CFFF9FF4201DAFE9728D5" bold="true" box="[151,285,1718,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Living coloration. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7CFFF9FDC301DAFD6528D6" box="[534,751,1718,1741]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7CFFF9FDC301DAFD6528D6" box="[534,751,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
voucher USNM 1116587. B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7CFFF9FBEC01DAFB6428D6" box="[1081,1262,1718,1741]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7CFFF9FBEC01DAFB6428D6" box="[1081,1262,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Henricia pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E3247AE7CFFF9FB2301DAFABE28D5" box="[1270,1332,1718,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7CFFF9FB2301DAFABE28D5" bold="true" box="[1270,1332,1718,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype USNM1116585. A whole seastar, aboral and oral views, scale bar = 1 cm. Note the small size, short rays in relation to disc diameter. B–C. ray and disc, scale bar = 1 cm. B. aboral and oral views. On aboral surface note small, crescentic pseudopaxillae and relatively larger papular areas. On oral surface note elongated adambulacral plates with few spines, ventrolateral plates extending only four-fifths the ray length, and elongated inferomarginal and superomarginal plates (the latter not entirely in view). C. Color in field for likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7CFFF9FCDC000FFCFE2961" box="[777,884,1891,1914]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7CFFF9FCDC000FFCFE2961" box="[777,884,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from near Sitka, Alaska (image by A. Baldwin). D. Color in field for likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7CFFF9FE4300EAFD8B2986" box="[406,513,1926,1949]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7CFFF9FE4300EAFD8B2986" box="[406,513,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cape Arago, Oregon (image by J. Goddard).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7603A6AE7FFFFAFF4203B5FCA22B42" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275449/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[151,1435,194,1217]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7FFFFAFF4203B5FCA22B42" blockId="10.[151,1436,1241,1369]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7FFFFAFF4203B5FE932AEA" bold="true" box="[151,281,1241,1265]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
A–B. Detail of aboral surface of single ray. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7FFFFAFCC203B6FC622AEA" box="[791,1000,1242,1265]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7FFFFAFCC203B6FC622AEA" box="[791,1000,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
voucher USNM 1116587 (see also Figs. 3A, 5C, 5E). B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7FFFFAFE960390FE272B08" box="[323,429,1276,1299]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7FFFFAFE960390FE272B08" box="[323,429,1276,1299]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E3247AE7FFFFAFE610390FE652B0F" box="[436,495,1276,1300]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7FFFFAFE610390FE652B0F" bold="true" box="[436,495,1276,1300]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype. C. Oral surface of single ray,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7FFFFAFC420390FB8B2B08" box="[919,1025,1276,1299]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7FFFFAFC420390FB8B2B08" box="[919,1025,1276,1299]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E3247AE7FFFFAFBDD0390FBC92B0F" box="[1032,1091,1276,1300]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7FFFFAFBDD0390FBC92B0F" bold="true" box="[1032,1091,1276,1300]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
USNM 1116586 paratype. Note the ventrolateral series of plates/spines extends unusually far in this individual (contrast with Fig. 1B). A–B same scale bar = 4 mm. C scale bar = 4 mm. Images A–B by A. Draeger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7FFFFAFF1302E7FD7F28AF" blockId="10.[151,1437,1419,1986]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Near the base of the ray, superomarginal pseudopaxillae have 12–37 spines each; inferomarginals, 10–32; and ventrolaterals, 5–20. Number of spines per pseudopaxilla generally increases with body size. Each adambulacral plate bears one thin, curved deep-furrow spine and 6–14, usually no more than 10, large, slightly curved, columnar spines in one row that becomes double then triple farthest from the ambulacral furrow. The large spines nearest the furrow are blunt-ended with finely spinous surfaces, the tips sometimes slightly flattened but not spatulate; those farther from the furrow are smaller and more coarsely spinous with sharp terminal points but not radiating thorns. On the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE7FFFFAFCCB011FFC032896" box="[798,905,1651,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the largest adambulacral spine is about 500 µm long and the points at the tip span 160–200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE7FFFFCFF1301ACFF692C40" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7FFFFAFF1301ACFB6229D9" blockId="10.[151,1437,1419,1986]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7FFFFAFF1301ACFEED28C1" bold="true" box="[198,359,1728,1754]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7FFFFAFEB801ADFE6928C1" box="[365,483,1729,1754]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7FFFFAFEB801ADFE6928C1" box="[365,483,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only small, brooding species of this genus presently known in Puget Sound and the San Juan Archipelago, Washington. It seems to be a widespread Pacific Coast shallow-water coastal species. In the north, it occurs in southern British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE7FFFFAFD2C0062FCF92933" box="[761,883,1806,1832]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE7FFFFAFC550062FC502933" box="[896,986,1806,1832]" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
and probably ranges further north to Sitka, Alaska,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE7FFFFAFE930058FE0F2955" box="[326,389,1844,1870]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The southern-most record is from areas of cold-water upwelling at Arbolitos, south of Punta Banda, Baja California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE7FFFFAFE290037FDD3296E" box="[508,601,1883,1909]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but the species appears to skip over southern California, with the nextmost southern record near Pismo Beach, California, north of Pt. Conception. Despite the lack of records from southern California, it might be present in the Channel Islands or in unexplored subtidal areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7603A6AE7EFFFBFF42007CFC8F29A9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275450/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1782]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE7EFFFBFF42007CFC8F29A9" blockId="11.[151,1437,1808,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFF42007CFE942933" bold="true" box="[151,286,1808,1832]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
A–B SEM images of aboral spines, scale bar = 100µm. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7EFFFBFC6C007CFB1E293C" box="[953,1172,1808,1831]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFC6C007CFB1E293C" box="[953,1172,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Henricia leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MFS 149) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with splayed sharp points. B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7EFFFBFCA2005FFBAD2951" box="[887,1063,1843,1866]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFCA2005FFBAD2951" box="[887,1063,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Henricia pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E3247AE7EFFFBFBE0005EFBF82951" box="[1077,1138,1842,1866]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFBE0005EFBF82951" bold="true" box="[1077,1138,1842,1866]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(MFS 109 paratype) spines with fenestrated smooth-sided shafts tipped with sharp points that do not splay. C–G close-ups of aboral pseudopaxillae. C, E.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7EFFFBFF010014FEEA2994" box="[212,352,1912,1935]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFF010014FF6D2994" box="[212,231,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFF210014FEEA2994" box="[244,352,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
USNM 1116587. D,F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7EFFFBFD820014FD4B2994" box="[599,705,1912,1935]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFD820014FDE02994" box="[599,618,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFDA20014FD4B2994" box="[631,705,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E3247AE7EFFFBFD1D0014FC8E298B" box="[712,772,1912,1936]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFD1D0014FC8E298B" bold="true" box="[712,772,1912,1936]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
holotype. G.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE7EFFFBFC460014FC772994" box="[915,1021,1912,1935]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFC460014FC2C2994" box="[915,934,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFC660014FC772994" box="[947,1021,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E3247AE7EFFFBFBD10014FBCA298B" box="[1028,1088,1912,1936]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE7EFFFBFBD10014FBCA298B" bold="true" box="[1028,1088,1912,1936]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
USNM 1116586 paratype, fixed in formalin and air-dried. Note tissue obscuring spine tips.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE79FFFCFF1307FBFF692C40" blockId="12.[151,1438,151,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFF1307FBFEF02EAA" bold="true" box="[198,378,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Reproduction.</emphasis>
|
||
We have assumed sexes are separate but have not dissected gonads to thoroughly search for evidence of hermaphroditic tissues, as is known for some small brooding marine invertebrates (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFF420789FE252EE4" author="Strathmann" box="[151,431,229,255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Strathmann, R. R., Strathmann, M. F. & Emson, R. (1984) Does limited brood capacity link small adult size, brooding, and simultaneous hermaphroditism? A test with the intertidal starfish Asterina phylactica. American Naturalist, 123, 796 - 818." type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
Strathmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFEF30789FEEB2EE5" box="[294,353,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFE690789FDE72EE4" author="Eernisse" box="[444,621,229,255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" refString="Eernisse, D. J. (1988) Reproductive patterns in six species of Lepidochitona (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Pacific coast of North America. Biological Bulletin, 174, 287 - 302." type="journal article" year="1988">Eernisse, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFDAF0789FCEB2EE4" author="Colgan" box="[634,865,229,255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" refString="Colgan, D. J., Byrne, M., Rickard, M. & Castro, L. R. (2005) Limited nucleotide divergence over large spatial scales in the asterinid sea star Patiriella exigua. Marine Biology, 146, 263 - 270." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Colgan
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFD020789FC982EE5" box="[727,786,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFCB80789FB0A2EE4" author="Keever" box="[877,1152,229,255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Keever, C. C. & Hart, M. W. (2008) Something for nothing? Reconstruction of ancestral character states in asterinid sea star development. Evolution and Development, 10, 62 - 73." type="journal article" year="2008">Keever and Hart, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Eggs are shed through gonopores on the oral side of the disc edge between rays (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFC8C0660FC6E2F3D" author="Chia" box="[857,996,268,294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" refString="Chia, F. - S. (1966) The development of two brooding sea stars, Henricia leviuscula and Leptasterias hexactis. American Zoologist, 6, 331 - 332." type="journal article" year="1966">Chia, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFC240660FB2D2F3D" author="Hopkins" box="[1009,1191,268,294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Hopkins, T. S. (1967) Studies on the biology and carotenoid biochemistry of three species of the sea-star genus Henricia. Ph. Dissertation. University of California, San Diego, xviii + 267 pp." type="book" year="1967">Hopkins, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in contrast to their aboral position in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFEBB065EFD802F50" box="[366,522,306,331]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFEBB065EFD802F50" box="[366,522,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other free-spawning species. Eggs about 1144 µm diameter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFAC6065EFEAA2F68" author="Strathmann" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Strathmann, R. R., Staver, J. M. & Hoffman, J. R. (2002) Risk and the evolution of cell-cycle durations of embryos. Evolution, 56, 708 - 720." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Strathmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFF420635FF592F69" box="[151,211,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are neither buoyant nor sticky when shed and are held beneath the maternal body with the rays spiraled, pinwheel fashion, around a slightly elevated disc (R. Strathmann, unpubl. observ.). Embyos are brooded under the disc and emerge as crawl-away juveniles. Brooding in rocky low intertidal areas of the San Juan Archipelago and central California has been seen in January to April. The Atlantic deep-water congener,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFF420698FEB92C16" box="[151,307,500,525]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lisa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFF420698FEB92C16" box="[151,307,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Henricia lisa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has recently been shown to be a facultative brooder (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFC600698FB612C15" author="Mercier" box="[949,1259,500,526]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Mercier, A. & Hamel, J. - F. (2008) Depth-related shift in life history strategies of a brooding and broadcasting deep-sea asteroid. Marine Biology, 156, 205 - 223." type="journal article" year="2008">Mercier and Hamel, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and, although the mode of brooding differs, the same possibility exists for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFCBB0576FC6C2C28" box="[878,998,538,563]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFCBB0576FC6C2C28" box="[878,998,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other asteroid species known to brood.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE79FFFCFF13050BFF792CB3" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE79FFFCFF13050BFF792CB3" blockId="12.[151,1438,151,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFF13050BFED92C9A" bold="true" box="[198,339,615,641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin for dwarf, the term used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFC8D0504FC7C2C99" author="Fisher" box="[856,1014,616,642]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher (1911)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the small adult body size of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31300A5AE79FFFDFF1305D9FDB32F3D" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE79FFFCFF1305D9FC722AF7" blockId="12.[151,1438,151,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFF1305D9FEB52CD4" bold="true" box="[198,319,693,719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
It is possible that this species is the same as Hubert Lyman Clark’s (1901) stout-rayed variety
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFF4205B0FE8D2CEE" box="[151,263,732,757]" class="Asteroidea" family="Stichasteridae" genus="Cribrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFF4205B0FE8D2CEE" box="[151,263,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Cribrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFEFE05B0FE1D2CEE" box="[299,407,732,757]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFEFE05B0FE1D2CEE" box="[299,407,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Henricia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFE7C05B0FDBE2CEE" box="[425,564,732,757]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Cribrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laeviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFE7C05B0FDBE2CEE" box="[425,564,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">laeviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic] variety
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFD0D05B0FCAD2CEE" box="[728,807,732,757]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFD0D05B0FCAD2CEE" box="[728,807,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Puget Sound. Clark was an affiliate of Olivet College, Olivet, MI, about the time he described this variety by only its body size and ray shape. The museum at Olivet College was unfortunately destroyed by fire in 1968, and most of the records were lost (Marie Davis to Robert Woollacott, pers. comm.). We have not found
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE79FFFCFCF6043CFCEB2D71" box="[803,865,848,874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">types</typeStatus>
|
||
for Clark’s nominal variety in museums where it seemed plausible that he might have deposited material, including the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University (where Clark was later curator of echinoderms from
|
||
<date id="FFB775EEAE79FFFCFBC804F1FB482DAC" box="[1053,1218,925,951]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" value="1910" valueMax="1946">1910 to 1946</date>
|
||
) or the American Museum of Natural History (Clark reported that the specimens were collected in Puget Sound by a group from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE79FFFCFF420486FE9A2A1F" box="[151,272,1002,1028]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
University, and Columbia’s museum later became part of the AMNH collections). A partially dissected dried specimen was found at Harvard’s MCZ; its only label is clearly not the original because it reads “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFF260354FCC92A49" authority="(Clark) Locality" authorityName="(Clark) Locality" box="[243,835,1080,1106]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="laeviuscula" subSpecies="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFF260354FDEA2A4A" box="[243,608,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Henricia laeviuscula crassa</emphasis>
|
||
(Clark) Locality
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Puget Sound, Washington” (MCZ 1046). The morphology of this specimen corresponds to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFD7B0333FCAF2A63" box="[686,805,1119,1144]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFD7B0333FCAF2A63" box="[686,805,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but the entries for it in the accession catalogue and a 1930s list of specimens do not give collection information or an accession date. Given the brevity of the description and the lack of verifiable
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B2ED8CAE79FFFCFD8503C0FD082ADD" box="[592,642,1196,1222]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material, we consider Clark’s varietal name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFB4E03C0FB6D2ADE" box="[1179,1255,1196,1221]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFB4E03C0FB6D2ADE" box="[1179,1255,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to be a
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFA9B03C0FF652AF7" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
, as similarly concluded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFDE403BEFD4D2AF7" author="Fisher" box="[561,711,1234,1260]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher (1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFD0603BEFC852AF7" author="Fisher" box="[723,783,1234,1260]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1930) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part III. Forcipulata (concluded). Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (3), 1 - 356." type="journal article" year="1930">1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFC8403BEFC7F2AF7" author="Verrill" box="[849,1013,1234,1260]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Vol. XIV, Part 1, Text, 408 pp., Part. 2, Plates, Pls. I - CX." type="book" year="1914">Verrill (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE79FFFCFF130395FDD12BB5" blockId="12.[151,1438,151,2034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Fisher’s (1911) specimens of the small form that he called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFCA00395FB9A2B09" box="[885,1040,1273,1298]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leviuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFCA00395FB9A2B09" box="[885,1040,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. leviuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
variety F were collected from the vicinities of Monterey, San Francisco, and Crescent City in California and the Straits of [Juan de] Fuca and Puget Sound in Washington. Although Fisher knew some of these to be brooders, and described the brooding posture as arched, his specimens (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFD470201FCB62B9C" author="Kozloff" box="[658,828,1389,1415]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Kozloff, E. N. (1996) Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest, with Additions and Corrections. Univ. Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, 539 pp." type="book" year="1996">Kozloff, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFC9C0201FC462B9C" author="Mah" box="[841,972,1389,1415]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Mah, C. (2007) Asteroidea. In: Carlton, J. T. (Ed.), Light and Smith Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon, 4 th Ed. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, pp. 463 - 466." type="book chapter" year="2007">Mah, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) may have included more than the one species we describe here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFE0A02F8FDDE2BB6" box="[479,596,1428,1453]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFE0A02F8FDDE2BB6" box="[479,596,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB6532EAE79FFFDFF1002D6FDB32F3D" blockId="12.[151,1438,151,2034]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,294]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">
|
||
There is at least one other at least partly co-occurring, and probably undescribed, small-bodied species from British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE79FFFCFEE1028DFE202BE0" box="[308,426,1505,1531]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
south to northern Baja California. Yet another species is usually small and is so far known from the subtidal of central and southern California (D. J. Eernisse and M. Strathmann, in prep.). Both of these species have finer and more numerous spines per plate. Nothing is yet known of their life history traits so the possibility remains that one or both might be brooders. Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFBD90139FBFF2875" box="[1036,1141,1621,1646]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFBD90139FBFF2875" box="[1036,1141,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Henricia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are known to be brooders but differ in their distribution and morphology.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFCE40110FBB1288D" authority="Verrill 1909" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1909" box="[817,1083,1660,1686]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tumida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFCE40110FC2C288E" box="[817,934,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. tumida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFC780110FBB1288D" author="Verrill" box="[941,1083,1660,1686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1909) Remarkable development of starfishes on the northwest American Coast: hybridism; multiplicity of rays; teratology; problems in evolution; geographical distribution. American Naturalist, 43, 542 - 555." type="journal article" year="1909">Verrill 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grows larger and has broader, thicker arms and is reported from the Aleutians Islands, Alaska, and the Bering Sea. It was discussed as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFAAA01CFFE4328F9" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="sanguinolenta" subSpecies="eschrichtii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFAAA01CFFE4328F9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. sanguinolenta eschrichtii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFE2601A5FDE128F9" box="[499,619,1737,1762]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tumida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFE2601A5FDE128F9" box="[499,619,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. tumida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFD4F01A5FCBC28F8" author="Fisher" box="[666,822,1737,1763]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part I. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (1), 1 - 406." type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher (1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFC9601A5FC0928F8" author="Fisher" box="[835,899,1737,1763]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1930) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. Part III. Forcipulata (concluded). Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 76 (3), 1 - 356." type="journal article" year="1930">1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFC3B01A5FBEC28F9" box="[1006,1126,1737,1762]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tumida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFC3B01A5FBEC28F9" box="[1006,1126,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. tumida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFB4501A5FAF928F9" box="[1168,1395,1737,1762]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="tumida" subSpecies="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFB4501A5FAF928F9" box="[1168,1395,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. tumida borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or possibly as
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFEFF019CFE3B2912" box="[298,433,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFEFF019CFE212912" box="[298,427,1776,1801]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">H. arctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFE34019CFD0F2911" author="Verrill" box="[481,645,1776,1802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1909) Remarkable development of starfishes on the northwest American Coast: hybridism; multiplicity of rays; teratology; problems in evolution; geographical distribution. American Naturalist, 43, 542 - 555." type="journal article" year="1909">Verrill (1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFD46019CFD5C2911" author="Verrill" box="[659,726,1776,1802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska Series, Vol. XIV, Part 1, Text, 408 pp., Part. 2, Plates, Pls. I - CX." type="book" year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFD39019CFBAA2911" author="Djakonov" box="[748,1056,1776,1802]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" refString="Djakonov, A. M. (1950) Sea stars (Asteroids) of the U. S. S. R. Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the U. S. S. R. 34, 1 - 152. (In Russian, English translation, Jerusalem 1968)" type="journal article" year="1950">Djakonov (1950: 85–86)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
later described and illustrated specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFE91007BFD4F292B" box="[324,709,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFE91007BFE49292B" box="[324,451,1815,1840]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tumida">H. tumida</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFE07007BFD4B292B" box="[466,705,1815,1840]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="tumida" subSpecies="borealis">H. tumida borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and a similar smaller species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFB9F007BFB42292B" box="[1098,1224,1815,1840]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFB9F007BFB42292B" box="[1098,1224,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. He reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFD0A0051FCD4294D" box="[735,862,1853,1878]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFD0A0051FCD4294D" box="[735,862,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also found in the Litke Strait and off Cape Lisburne, Alaska. It is not known if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFD890008FD532966" box="[604,729,1892,1917]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFD890008FD532966" box="[604,729,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. arctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a brooding species. Small brooding species have been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31E13BEAE79FFFCFE9600E6FE0329BF" box="[323,393,1930,1956]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the development of one,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFD2700E7FC0729BF" box="[754,909,1931,1956]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nipponica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFD2700E7FC0729BF" box="[754,909,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. nipponica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been described (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EDFAE79FFFCFB5A00E6FF5C29D0" author="Komatsu" pageId="12" pageNumber="36" refString="Komatsu, M. & Tayayama, S. (1980) Small seastar (Henricia nipponica) development. Dobutsugaku Zoshi, 89, 344. (in Japanese)" type="journal article" year="1980">Komatsu & Tayayama 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We have not studied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFE3700DDFDF129D1" box="[482,635,1969,1994]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nipponica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFE3700DDFDF129D1" box="[482,635,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. nipponica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but believe it unlikely to be the same as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFBB500DDFB5C29D1" box="[1120,1238,1969,1994]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFBB500DDFB5C29D1" box="[1120,1238,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because nothing resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE79FFFCFEFE00B4FE2329EA" box="[299,425,2008,2033]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE79FFFCFEFE00B4FE2329EA" box="[299,425,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="34">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is yet known from the intervening Aleutian Islands. We have seen little genetic evidence of marine species with such a disjunct eastern and western Pacific distribution. Thus, we speculate that any brooding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE78FFFDFEA407D3FE502EC3" box="[369,474,191,216]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE78FFFDFEA407D3FE502EC3" box="[369,474,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="35">Henricia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the northwestern Pacific might be closely related to, but not conspecific with,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE78FFFDFF420789FE922EE5" box="[151,280,229,254]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pumila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE78FFFDFF420789FE922EE5" box="[151,280,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="35">H. pumila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An extension of the study of small brooding species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0928ADAE78FFFDFC290789FBE42EE5" box="[1020,1134,229,254]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Henricia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97D8F3CAE78FFFDFC290789FBE42EE5" box="[1020,1134,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="35">Henricia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the far northern and northwestern Pacific is still needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |