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<document id="1B68B0DA96662D5190EE183EE3DBD9D5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13244564" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244564" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722970052887" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Freitag, Hendrik &amp; Yeo, Darren C. J." docDate="2004" docId="03A0E21C9857DA50EADBA6845582DBC5" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.52.1.227-237.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F.5:RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleId="19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Parathelphusa manguao Freitag &amp; Yeo, 2004, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="236" masterDocId="FF999A649852DA5AE942A11D5465DB3D" masterDocTitle="Two New Species Of Parathelphusa H. Milne Edwards, 1853, From The Philippines (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae)" masterLastPageNumber="237" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1722974698588" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="F3E130597FB049DBF4A7C8DDC9BE05BA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7E94FA461AF131716FD83B96FC700448">
<mods:title id="569EF0FA937708E71ED75A10B39ADF1B">Two New Species Of Parathelphusa H. Milne Edwards, 1853, From The Philippines (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DEB51C455EB80BF01EE0E2D8939BAF6F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9F7035D48CC60D22803C333F3E2C1FFD">
<mods:roleTerm id="29CAEC896532AFB070E0EDDFA80CDE8C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4969B802832B112F52307F8E72C49D1B">Freitag, Hendrik</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7280509E5E0C66C950E233CEA7B2A3B7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3F5B43C2EDAB46AB422AE0FAD7E93D56">
<mods:roleTerm id="81E4A737E41CF394FDA233C5D2AD7B56">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E5C0A1D9C8BD05D927A648CADA78E474">Yeo, Darren C. J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5FC45AF01AB33A3C641092437EE6A55D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="AFE4E4F1833704643587FF2707EEC22A" type="host">
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<mods:title id="995AFFE2331300358FFF0EF1AAD3C284">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D9EBBA5ADDE28C90F8E928EDA192F2AD">
<mods:date id="1CABC9F5D3240B5B70008AC89A4B1C97">2004</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3E2007D8E1003C28BD1163516DF770AF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8054D61C8AA7E60D3D2E60414DCB3C8F">52</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E0E00DB861164CB00483645EA326E9E4" type="issue">
<mods:number id="92FDC2143FB813B6474FAE5985F0860C">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2FFFE28AF5AF9820084CD4141B7AABD6">227</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D424DE4ED47515E242BA7E50ECAB0E8F">237</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="25267129B85F89AD17A8AC56C56D99E4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C3DDEB0508A805AD8564C8A961569E55" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13244564</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="52B8A19E1538E5A03886ABEAE7572EB6" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F6DB076FBE2E5884A96475EAF040C3E2" type="Zenodo-Dep">13244564</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A0E21C9857DA50EADBA6845582DBC5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0E21C9857DA50EADBA6845582DBC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0E21C9857DA50EADBA6845582DBC5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<subSubSection id="C31300819857DA5FEADBA6845125DC8C" box="[921,1344,1945,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB6530A9857DA5FEADBA6845125DC8C" blockId="5.[921,1344,1945,2000]" box="[921,1344,1945,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<heading id="D0FEE4669857DA5FEADBA6845125DC8C" bold="true" box="[921,1344,1945,1969]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B97D8F189857DA5FEADBA6845125DC8C" bold="true" box="[921,1344,1945,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName id="4C0928899857DA5FEADBA68450CEDC8C" ID-CoL="6TS2D" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[921,1195,1945,1969]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97D8F189857DA5FEADBA68450CEDC8C" bold="true" box="[921,1195,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Parathelphusa manguao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E32639857DA5FEDF8A6845125DC8C" box="[1210,1344,1945,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31300819857DA5FED71A6A450C3DCED" box="[1075,1190,1977,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB6530A9857DA5FED71A6A450C3DCED" blockId="5.[921,1344,1945,2000]" box="[1075,1190,1977,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
(
<figureCitation id="13324F8F9857DA5FED79A6A450F9DCED" box="[1083,1180,1977,2000]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="7.[114,149,2037,2058]" captionStartId-1="8.[138,173,2036,2057]" captionStartId-2="9.[113,148,2036,2057]" captionStartId-3="9.[814,849,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1388,198,1978]" captionTargetBox-1="[196,1401,206,1941]" captionTargetBox-2="[112,754,930,2013]" captionTargetBox-3="[812,1452,1199,2013]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@7.[121,1433,158,2010]" captionTargetId-1="figure-60@8.[172,1438,155,2024]" captionTargetId-2="figure-11@9.[112,754,930,2013]" captionTargetId-3="figure-13@9.[812,1452,1198,2013]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="Fig. 5. Parathelphusa manguao, new species. Holotype male (21.9 by 18.2 mm) (PNM 17283). A, dorsal view of carapace; B, frontal view of carapace; C, right fourth ambulatory merus; D, right third ambulatory merus; E, right chela; F, abdominal segments 5-7. Scales = 10.0 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 6. Parathelphusa manguao, new species, left G1. A-D, holotype male (21.9 by 18.2 mm) (PNM 17283); E-H, paratype juvenile male (13.8 by 12.3 mm) (ZIH). A, E, ventral view; B, F, dorsal view; C, G, ventral view of distal part; D, H, dorsal view of distal part. Scales = 1.0 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 7. Parathelphusa manguao, new species. Holotype male (21.9 by 18.2 mm) (PNM 17283). A, dorsal view; B frontal view; C, ventral view." captionText-3="Fig. 8. Parathelphusa manguao, new species. A, paratype juvenile male (13.8 by 12.3 mm) (ZIH); B, paratype female (26.6 by 22.3 mm) (SPCP-ASTD)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244574" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244576" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244578" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244580" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13244574/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13244576/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13244578/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13244580/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Figs. 5-8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31300819857DA5CEA6FA6E8576DDC5E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB6530A9857DA5FEA6FA6E8502AD379" blockId="5.[813,1452,2037,2116]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B97D8F189857DA5FEA6FA6E85067D337" bold="true" box="[813,1026,2037,2058]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Material examined. –</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B6159579857DA5FED4BA6E8502AD379" collectingDate="2001-11-21" collectionCode="SPCP-ASTD" collectorName="Lake &amp; Taytay &amp; S. Schoppe" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="PNM 17283" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54B2EDA89857DA5FED4BA6E85007D337" box="[1033,1122,2037,2058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
– male (21.9 by
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF9857DA5FEC48A6E85107D337" box="[1290,1378,2037,2058]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.2 mm</quantity>
) (
<specimenCode id="DBAFFB719857DA5FEC34A6E85709D31A" collectionCode="PNM" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mxaf-c5e2" name="Philippine National Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">PNM 17283</specimenCode>
),
<collectorName id="26FC36DC9857DA5FEA3CA90F57CBD31A" box="[894,942,2066,2087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Lake</collectorName>
<taxonomicName id="4C0928899857DA5FEAF4A90F50FFD31A" authority=", Municipality" authorityName="Municipality" box="[950,1178,2066,2087]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao">Manguao, Municipality</taxonomicName>
of
<collectorName id="26FC36DC9857DA5FEDFFA90F5167D31A" box="[1213,1282,2066,2087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Taytay</collectorName>
, coll.
<collectorName id="26FC36DC9857DA5FEC7CA90F51C9D31A" box="[1342,1452,2066,2087]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">S. Schoppe</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED18CBCF9857DA5FEA71A93257D2D379" box="[819,951,2095,2116]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">SPCP-ASTD</collectionCode>
),
<date id="FFB775CA9857DA5FEA8BA932502ED379" box="[969,1099,2095,2116]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" value="2001-11-21">
<collectingDate id="EFF38C229857DA5FEA8BA932502ED379" box="[969,1099,2095,2116]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" value="2001-11-21">21 Nov.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6530A9854DA5CE9CAA77555DFDC30" blockId="6.[136,775,1640,1805]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<materialsCitation id="3B6159579854DA5CE9CAA77556D2DD40" box="[136,695,1640,1661]" collectionCode="SPCP-ASTD" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54B2EDA89854DA5CE9CAA7755480DD40" box="[136,229,1640,1661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
–
<specimenCount id="9D0F98839854DA5CE841A775553CDD40" box="[259,345,1640,1661]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(26.6 by
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF9854DA5CE8FFA7755672DD40" box="[445,535,1640,1661]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="22.3">22.3 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED18CBCF9854DA5CEB6EA77556D5DD40" box="[556,688,1640,1661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">SPCP-ASTD</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B6159579854DA5CEB81A77555BBDDA7" collectionCode="SPCP-ASTD" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0F98839854DA5CEB81A7755762DD40" box="[707,775,1640,1661]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(16.6 by
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF9854DA5CE9A6A798555BDDA7" box="[228,318,1669,1690]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="14.3">14.3 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED18CBCF9854DA5CE816A79855BDDDA7" box="[340,472,1669,1690]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">SPCP-ASTD</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B6159579854DA5CE8A9A79854A7DD8A" collectionCode="ZIH" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0F98839854DA5CE8A9A7985624DDA7" box="[491,577,1669,1690]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(16.4 by
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF9854DA5CEBE4A7985765DDA7" box="[678,768,1669,1690]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="14.2">14.2 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED18CBCF9854DA5CE9CDA7BF54DEDD8A" box="[143,187,1698,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">ZIH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B6159579854DA5CE98EA7BF5633DD8A" box="[204,598,1698,1719]" collectionCode="ZIH" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0F98839854DA5CE98EA7BF5543DD8A" box="[204,294,1698,1719]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="juvenile">1juvenile</specimenCount>
male (13.8 by
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF9854DA5CE8F5A7BF566ADD8A" box="[439,527,1698,1719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="12.3">12.3 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED18CBCF9854DA5CEB60A7BF562BDD8A" box="[546,590,1698,1719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">ZIH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<specimenCount id="9D0F98839854DA5CEB22A7BF56DADD8A" box="[608,703,1698,1719]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
female (15.6 by
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF9854DA5CE9B1A7A3553FDDEE" box="[243,346,1726,1747]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
),
<materialsCitation id="3B6159579854DA5CE831A7A35551DDCD" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCode="ZRC2004.0623" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0F98839854DA5CE831A7A35581DDEE" box="[371,484,1726,1747]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
male (13.2 by
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF9854DA5CEBD9A7A35765DDEE" box="[667,768,1726,1747]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
) (
<specimenCode id="DBAFFB719854DA5CE9CDA7C6554BDDCD" box="[143,302,1755,1776]" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">ZRC2004.0623</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B6159579854DA5CE800A7C654ABDC30" collectionCode="PNM" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCode="PNM 17283" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0F98839854DA5CE800A7C655C2DDCD" box="[322,423,1755,1776]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
female (15.3 by
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF9854DA5CEB1FA7C656DFDDCD" box="[605,698,1755,1776]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="13.1">13.1 mm</quantity>
) (
<specimenCode id="DBAFFB719854DA5CEB92A7C654A2DC30" collectionCode="PNM" country="Philippines" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mxaf-c5e2" name="Philippine National Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">PNM 17283</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B6159579854DA5CE998A7E555D0DC30" box="[218,437,1784,1805]" collectingDate="2001-11-21" collectionCode="SPCP-ASTD" collectorName="Lake &amp; Taytay &amp; S. Schoppe" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">same data as holotype</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6530A9854DA5CE9CAA62F576DDC5E" blockId="6.[136,776,1842,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<materialsCitation id="3B6159579854DA5CE9CAA62F5761DC5E" collectingDate="2001-11-21" collectionCode="SPCP-ASTD" collectorName="Lake &amp; Taytay &amp; S. Schoppe" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-juvenile="4">
Others (designated for ecological studies) –
<specimenCount id="9D0F98839854DA5CEB0FA62F56D4DC7A" box="[589,689,1842,1863]" count="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="juvenile">4 juvenile</specimenCount>
females (largest 14.3 by
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF9854DA5CE86AA65355E5DC5E" box="[296,384,1870,1891]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED18CBCF9854DA5CE8D6A653567DDC5E" box="[404,536,1870,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">SPCP-ASTD</collectionCode>
), same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31300819854DA5CE9CAA69551FDDDE4" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB6530A9854DA5CE9CAA69551FDDDE4" blockId="6.[136,775,1928,2112]" lastBlockId="6.[835,1474,1639,1753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B97D8F189854DA5CE9CAA6955576DC9D" bold="true" box="[136,275,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Diagnosis. –</emphasis>
Carapace low, dorsal surface gently convex; postorbital cristae strongly developed, sinuous, with lateral part strongly arched in adults; cervical grooves shallow but distinct; epibranchial teeth well developed, sharp, directed forwards. Merus of ambulatory legs with well developed subdistal spine on dorsal margin. Male sixth abdominal segment relatively stout, longer than telson (segment 7). G1 gently but distinctly bent outwards at the middle, slender, with upper half of proximal part subequal in width to distal part; tip truncate, broad, with slight subdistal swelling.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31300819854DA5CEA01A7E35129D37E" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB6530A9854DA5CEA01A7E35086DC6C" blockId="6.[835,1474,1790,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B97D8F189854DA5CEA01A7E357B5DC2B" bold="true" box="[835,976,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Etymology. –</emphasis>
The species is named for the
<typeStatus id="54B2EDA89854DA5CEC42A7E3514BDC28" box="[1280,1326,1790,1813]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">type</typeStatus>
locality, Lake Manguao, (Municipality of Taytay, northern
<collectingRegion id="49CD9DE89854DA5CEC60A60151E4DC0E" box="[1314,1409,1820,1843]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Palawan</collectingRegion>
). The name is used as a name in apposition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6530A9854DA5CEA01A66B5129D37E" blockId="6.[835,1474,1910,2115]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B97D8F189854DA5CEA01A66B57C8DCB3" bold="true" box="[835,941,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Colour. –</emphasis>
In life, dorsal carapace dark brown, and slightly spotted; legs dark brown with a cross pattern of lighter brown; ventral parts (sternum and abdomen) dirty-white colour; fingers of the chelipeds dark reddish brown, except for the lighter coloured fingertips (S. Schoppe, pers. comm). All preserved
<typeStatus id="54B2EDA89854DA5CEAF3A91057BAD319" box="[945,991,2061,2084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">type</typeStatus>
specimens in alcohol with similar coloration, probably due to initial preservation in formalin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7603829855DA5DE930A6E854FBD37E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244574/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="234" startId="7.[114,149,2037,2058]" targetBox="[190,1388,198,1978]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB6530A9855DA5DE930A6E854FBD37E" blockId="7.[114,1452,2037,2115]" pageId="7" pageNumber="234">
Fig. 5.
<emphasis id="B97D8F189855DA5DE9F4A6E855CCD337" box="[182,425,2037,2058]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="4C0928899855DA5DE9F4A6E855C0D337" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[182,421,2037,2058]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao" status="sp. nov.">Parathelphusa manguao</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E32639855DA5DE8ECA6E85641D337" box="[430,548,2037,2058]" pageId="7" pageNumber="234" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Holotype male (21.9 by 18.2 mm) (PNM 17283). A, dorsal view of carapace; B, frontal view of carapace; C, right fourth ambulatory merus; D, right third ambulatory merus; E, right chela; F, abdominal segments 5-7. Scales = 10.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF760382985ADA52E9C8A6E95494D37F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="235" startId="8.[138,173,2036,2057]" targetBox="[196,1401,206,1941]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BB6530A985ADA52E9C8A6E95494D37F" blockId="8.[138,1475,2036,2114]" pageId="8" pageNumber="235">
Fig. 6.
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985ADA52E98DA6E955A6D334" box="[207,451,2036,2057]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="235">
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985ADA52E98DA6E955DAD334" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[207,447,2036,2057]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao" status="sp. nov.">Parathelphusa manguao</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E3263985ADA52E88BA6E95625D334" box="[457,576,2036,2057]" pageId="8" pageNumber="235" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, left G1. A-D, holotype male (21.9 by 18.2 mm) (PNM 17283); E-H, paratype juvenile male (13.8 by 12.3 mm) (ZIH). A, E, ventral view; B, F, dorsal view; C, G, ventral view of distal part; D, H, dorsal view of distal part. Scales = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3130081985BDA50E933A1DC5582DBC5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB6530A985BDA53E933A1DC5604D865" blockId="9.[113,753,193,856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53E933A1DC5488DBE4" bold="true" box="[113,237,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">Remarks. –</emphasis>
Among the Philippine freshwater crab fauna,
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53EB9BA1DC54B6DBC5" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53EB9BA1DC54B6DBC5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. manguao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53E8FCA1FC5689DBC5" authority="(Bott, 1969)" baseAuthorityName="Bott" baseAuthorityYear="1969" box="[446,748,225,248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanensis">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53E8FCA1FC5602DBC5" box="[446,615,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. palawanensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EFB985BDA53EB31A1FC5680DBC5" author="Bott, R" box="[627,741,225,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" pagination="359 - 366" refId="ref4975" refString="Bott, R., 1969. Flusskrabben aus Asien und ihre Klassifikation. (Crustacea, Decapoda). Senckenbergiana biologica, Frankfurt, 50 (5 / 6): 359 - 366." type="journal article" year="1969">Bott, 1969</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53E933A01C55AEDA25" authority="Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" box="[113,459,257,280]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saginata">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53E933A01C5489DA25" box="[113,236,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. saginata</emphasis>
Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53E895A01C54CCDA05" authority="Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mindoro">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53E895A01C562ADA25" box="[471,591,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. mindoro</emphasis>
Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993
</taxonomicName>
, or
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53E997A03C5514DA05" box="[213,369,289,312]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53E997A03C5508DA05" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[213,365,289,312]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cabayugan" status="new species">P. cabayugan</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24E3263985BDA53E83BA03C559BDA05" box="[377,510,289,312]" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by virtue of its sharp and well-developed epibranchial teeth. The form of the G1 of
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53E9CCA07C556ADA45" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[142,271,353,376]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53E9CCA07C556ADA45" box="[142,271,353,376]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. manguao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also superficially resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53EBD2A07C5521DAA5" authority="Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasilis">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53EBD2A07C5694DA45" box="[656,753,353,376]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. rasilis</emphasis>
Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53E83BA09C5653DAA5" authority="Ng, 1994" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1994" box="[377,566,385,408]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovum">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53E83BA09C55B5DAA5" box="[377,464,385,408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. ovum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF982EFB985BDA53E897A09C5653DAA5" author="Ng, P" box="[469,566,385,408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" pagination="73 - 92" refId="ref5492" refString="Ng, P. K. L., 1994. On a collection of freshwater decapod crustaceans from the Kinabatangan River, Sabah, Malaysia, with descriptions of three new species. Sabah Museum Journal, 1 (2): 73 - 92." type="journal article" year="1994">Ng, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<collectingRegion id="49CD9DE8985BDA53EB00A09C56EDDAA5" box="[578,648,385,408]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">Sabah</collectingRegion>
, Borneo]. However, the very slender overall form of the G1 immediately distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53E841A0DC55E7DAE5" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[259,386,449,472]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53E841A0DC55E7DAE5" box="[259,386,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. manguao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all the above species. While the G1 of
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53E998A0FC5536DAC5" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" box="[218,339,481,504]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saginata">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53E998A0FC5536DAC5" box="[218,339,481,504]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. saginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also relatively slender in appearance when compared with its other congeners, that of
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53EB32A31C5695D925" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[624,752,513,536]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53EB32A31C5695D925" box="[624,752,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. manguao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still more slender, more strongly bent, and has a truncate tip (versus sharp tip)(
<figureCitation id="13324F8F985BDA53E817A35C55F3D965" box="[341,406,577,600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[138,173,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[196,1401,206,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-60@8.[172,1438,155,2024]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Parathelphusa manguao, new species, left G1. A-D, holotype male (21.9 by 18.2 mm) (PNM 17283); E-H, paratype juvenile male (13.8 by 12.3 mm) (ZIH). A, E, ventral view; B, F, dorsal view; C, G, ventral view of distal part; D, H, dorsal view of distal part. Scales = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244576/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
; cf. Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993:
<figureCitation id="13324F8F985BDA53EBE1A35C5686D965" box="[675,739,577,600]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[837,872,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[835,1475,1603,2045]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[835,1477,1603,2045]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Parathelphusa cabayugan, new species, paratype female (26.4 by 21.6 mm) (ZIH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244572/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Furthermore, the ambulatory legs of
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53EB40A37C56E1D945" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[514,644,609,632]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53EB40A37C56E1D945" box="[514,644,609,632]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. manguao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess a well developed subdistal spine on the dorsal margin (versus subdistal spine absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53E8C1A3BC559AD985" authorityName="Ng &amp; Takeda" authorityYear="1993" box="[387,511,673,696]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saginata">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53E8C1A3BC559AD985" box="[387,511,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. saginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="13324F8F985BDA53EB5AA3BC56FCD985" box="[536,665,673,696]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[114,149,2037,2058]" captionTargetBox="[190,1388,198,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-12@7.[121,1433,158,2010]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Parathelphusa manguao, new species. Holotype male (21.9 by 18.2 mm) (PNM 17283). A, dorsal view of carapace; B, frontal view of carapace; C, right fourth ambulatory merus; D, right third ambulatory merus; E, right chela; F, abdominal segments 5-7. Scales = 10.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244574/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">Figs. 5C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13324F8F985BDA53EBE5A3BC568ED985" box="[679,747,673,696]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[814,849,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[812,1452,1199,2013]" captionTargetId="figure-13@9.[812,1452,1198,2013]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 8. Parathelphusa manguao, new species. A, paratype juvenile male (13.8 by 12.3 mm) (ZIH); B, paratype female (26.6 by 22.3 mm) (SPCP-ASTD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244580/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">8A, B</figureCitation>
; cf. Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993:
<figureCitation id="13324F8F985BDA53E83DA3DC55A7D9E5" box="[383,450,705,728]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[837,872,2063,2084]" captionTargetBox="[835,1475,1603,2045]" captionTargetId="figure-10@4.[835,1477,1603,2045]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Parathelphusa cabayugan, new species, paratype female (26.4 by 21.6 mm) (ZIH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244572/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). In addition to these, other small specific differences in the G1 as well as differences in external characters such as the strongly arched lateral part of the postorbital cristae combine to give a diagnostic suite of characters for the species (see Tables 1A, B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6530A985BDA53EA6FA1DC51C9DA25" blockId="9.[813,1452,193,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">
While juvenile specimens also have sharp, well-developed epibranchial teeth (
<figureCitation id="13324F8F985BDA53EAB8A1FC502ADBC5" box="[1018,1103,225,248]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[814,849,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[812,1452,1199,2013]" captionTargetId="figure-13@9.[812,1452,1198,2013]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 8. Parathelphusa manguao, new species. A, paratype juvenile male (13.8 by 12.3 mm) (ZIH); B, paratype female (26.6 by 22.3 mm) (SPCP-ASTD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244580/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
), the condition of the postorbital cristae mentioned above is seen only in adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53EC65A01C51C0DA25" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[1319,1445,257,280]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53EC65A01C51C0DA25" box="[1319,1445,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. manguao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6530A985BDA53EA6FA05C51F8D965" blockId="9.[813,1452,321,600]" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53EA6FA05C579FDA64" bold="true" box="[813,1018,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">Ecological notes. –</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54B2EDA8985BDA53ED6DA05C5038DA65" box="[1071,1117,321,344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53EDB1A05C5117DA65" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[1267,1394,321,344]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53EDB1A05C5117DA65" box="[1267,1394,321,344]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. manguao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were caught at the northern littoral of Lake Manguao (
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D35CD985BDA53EC66A07C51CDDA45" box="[1316,1448,353,376]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" precision="15" seconds="27" value="10.7575">10 45’27”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3D35CD985BDA53EA6FA09C57A4DAA5" box="[813,961,385,408]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" precision="15" seconds="30" value="119.558334">119 33’30” E</geoCoordinate>
) among stony substrate.
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53ED81A09C51CEDAA5" box="[1219,1451,385,408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53ED81A09C5139DAA5" box="[1219,1372,385,408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have also been observed from many other parts of the lake (S. Schoppe, pers. comm.). The authors have not had the opportunity to examine these other specimens; however, bearing in mind the highly restricted distributions of most Philippine
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53EAE9A33C50CED905" box="[939,1195,545,568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53EAE9A33C502AD905" box="[939,1103,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">Parathelphusa</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(present study; Ng &amp; Takeda, 1993), it is likely that they are also
<taxonomicName id="4C092889985BDA53EC51A35C51F3D965" authorityName="Freitag &amp; Yeo" authorityYear="2004" box="[1299,1430,577,600]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Parathelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manguao">
<emphasis id="B97D8F18985BDA53EC51A35C51F3D965" box="[1299,1430,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">P. manguao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6530A985BDA50EA6FA39C5582DBC5" blockId="9.[813,1452,641,1157]" lastBlockId="10.[136,775,193,248]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="9" pageNumber="236">
The banks of Lake Manguao are dominated by rock, rarely grit and sand. Physico-chemical data for
<date id="FFB775CA985BDA53EC45A3BC51E5D985" box="[1287,1408,673,696]" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" value="1989-04">April 1989</date>
are provided by Davies &amp; Green (1990), and for
<date id="FFB775CA985BDA53EDB8A3DC5707D9C5" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" value="2001-11-21" valueMax="2001-11-22" valueMin="2001-11-21">21-22 November 2001</date>
from a survey conducted by the SPCP Aquatic Science &amp; Technology Department. Water temperature ranged from 26.4 C to 30.5 C in 1989, and around 26.8 C in 2001. The water was slightly alkaline, with the pH varying from 8.1 to 8.86 (Davies &amp; Green, 1990), and 7.44 to 7.77 at the surface slightly decreasing towards bottom to a minimum of 6.79 (SPCP-ASTD). Dissolved oxygen (DO) was found between
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF985BDA53EA6FA2D85712D8E1" box="[813,887,965,988]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" unit="mg" value="9.5">9.5 mg</quantity>
/lª 127% saturation (morning, water surface) and
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF985BDA53ECC8A2D8572BDF3E" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" unit="mg" value="6.3">6.3 mg</quantity>
/lª 79% saturation (early night, water surface) in the Davies &amp; Green (1990) study. Values of the second study were
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF985BDA53ECC8A513572ADF78" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" unit="mg" value="5.2">5.2 mg</quantity>
/l to
<quantity id="4CF1FEEF985BDA53EAC6A53357A8DF78" box="[900,973,1070,1093]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="236" unit="mg" value="8.7">8.7 mg</quantity>
/l. From both studies, no substantial variations in DO were reported between surface and bottom layers indicating good vertical circulation. Conductivity was reported to be 43 S/cm (Davies &amp; Green, 1990) and 55 S/ cm to 79 S/cm (SPCP-ASTD).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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