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<mods:title id="01EC30DE5BD6B62E322832D69337F47F">The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03CDA653FFE6FFEFFF411D9AFE4ADB17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7504545" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208564471" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7504545" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CDA653FFE6FFEFFF411D9AFE4ADB17" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE6FFEFFF411D9AFE4ADB17" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="C37E44CEFFE6FFEFFF411D9AFDB3DEF2" box="[151,590,438,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF411D9AFDB3DEF2" blockId="15.[151,1437,438,1077]" box="[151,590,438,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF411D9AFDB3DEF2" bold="true" box="[151,590,438,465]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
19.
<taxonomicName id="4C646CC6FFE6FFEFFF171D9AFDB3DEF2" ID-CoL="68KDH" authority="(Sheppard, 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Sheppard" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[193,590,438,465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leachii">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF171D9AFE87DEF3" bold="true" box="[193,378,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bithynia leachii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFE5E1D9AFDBBDEF2" author="Sheppard, R." box="[392,582,438,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="148 - 170" refId="ref56551" refString="Sheppard, R. (1823) Descriptions of seven new Bristish land and fresh-water shells, with observations upon many other species, including a list of such as have been found in the county of Suffolk. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 14 (1), 148 - 170." type="journal article" year="1823">Sheppard, 1823</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E44CEFFE6FFEFFF111DF6FE57DED7" box="[199,426,474,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF111DF6FE57DED7" blockId="15.[151,1437,438,1077]" box="[199,426,474,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF111DF6FE5EDED6" bold="true" box="[199,419,474,500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Findings in
<collectingCountry id="F37357D5FFE6FFEFFE831DF6FE5EDED6" box="[341,419,474,500]" name="Serbia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Serbia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37E44CEFFE6FFEFFF411DD3FCE1DDA7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF411DD3FE15DD3B" blockId="15.[151,1437,438,1077]" box="[151,488,510,537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C646CC6FFE6FFEFFF411DD3FE19DD3B" authority=": Tomic (1959)" authorityName="Tomic" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,484,510,537]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leach">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF411DD3FEC7DD3B" box="[151,314,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bithynia leach</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFE9E1DD3FE19DD3B" author="Tomic, V." box="[328,484,510,537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref57655" refString="Tomic, V. (1959) s. n. In: P. S. Pavlovic's collection of the recent Gastropoda in the Natural History Museum in Beograd. SANU, Posebna izdanja, 27, pp. 1 - 74. [in Serbian]" type="journal article" year="1959">Tomić (1959)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF411E0FFCE1DD1F" blockId="15.[151,1437,438,1077]" box="[151,796,547,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C646CC6FFE6FFEFFF411E0FFE3EDD1F" ID-CoL="68KDH" baseAuthorityName="Sheppard" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[151,451,547,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leachii" subGenus="Codiella">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF411E0FFF0BDD1F" box="[151,246,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bithynia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFED01E0FFE9BDD1F" box="[262,358,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Codiella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFEA11E0FFE3EDD1F" box="[375,451,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">leachii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFE041E0FFCE5DD1F" author="Karaman, B. &amp; Karaman, G." box="[466,792,547,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="167 - 222" refId="ref48749" refString="Karaman, B. &amp; Karaman, G. (2007) Catalogus of the freshwater snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Serbia. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Glasnik Odjeljenja prirodnih nauka, Podgorica, 17, 167 - 222." type="journal article" year="2007">
<collectingRegion id="49A0D9A7FFE6FFEFFE041E0FFD39DD1F" box="[466,708,547,573]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Karaman &amp; Karaman</collectingRegion>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF411E6BFBBCDD43" blockId="15.[151,1437,438,1077]" box="[151,1089,583,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C646CC6FFE6FFEFFF411E6BFDD0DD43" ID-CoL="68KDH" authority=": Frank et al. (1990)" authorityName="Frank" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,557,583,609]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leachii">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF411E6BFEB4DD43" box="[151,329,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bithynia leachii</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFE8E1E6BFDD0DD43" author="Frank, C. &amp; Jungbluth, J. H. &amp; Richnovszky, A." box="[344,557,583,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref46532" refString="Frank, C., Jungbluth, J. H. &amp; Richnovszky, A. (1990) Die Mollusken der Donau vom Schwarzwald bis zum Schwarzen Meer: eine monographische Darstellung. Akaprint, Budapest, 142 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Frank
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFE761E6BFE2FDD43" box="[416,466,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
. (1990)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<collectingRegion id="49A0D9A7FFE6FFEFFDEF1E6BFD5DDD43" box="[569,672,583,609]" country="Turkey" name="Karaman" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Karaman</collectingRegion>
(2001); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF111E46FE83DDA7" bold="true" box="[199,382,618,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Common name</emphasis>
. Globose bithynia, Leachs bithynia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF111EA3FD14DDD3" blockId="15.[151,1437,438,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF111EA3FEA6DD8B" bold="true" box="[199,347,655,681]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Morphology</emphasis>
: Small-sized snails (conical shell up to
<quantity id="4C9CBAA0FFE6FFEFFCF61EA3FC83DD8B" box="[800,894,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">89 mm</quantity>
high). Glossy yellowish shell has 44.5 convex whorls with deep suture. Operculum and aperture are oval, umbilicus is slit like open. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 37, figure at the bottom of the page).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E44CEFFE6FFEFFF111ED6FE4ADB17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF111ED6FE3BDC87" blockId="15.[151,1437,438,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF111ED6FE16DC37" bold="true" box="[199,491,762,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
. Palearctic species inhabiting slow-flowing rivers and stagnant waters across Europe. More common in central and south-eastern parts of the continent (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFC551F33FB9ADC1B" author="Vavrova, L. &amp; Cianfanelli, S. &amp; Prie, V. &amp; Georgiev, D. &amp; Ghamizi, M." box="[899,1127,799,825]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="4814654" refId="ref59592" refString="Vavrova, L., Cianfanelli, S., Prie, V., Georgiev, D. &amp; Ghamizi, M. (2010) Bithynia leachii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e. T 155649 A 4814654. [downloaded 3 May 2021] https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2010 - 4. RLTS. T 155649 A 4814654. en" type="journal article" year="2010">
Vavrova
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFC3C1F33FBE1DC1B" box="[1002,1052,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="F37357D5FFE6FFEFFB4F1F33FB1EDC1B" box="[1177,1251,799,825]" name="Serbia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Serbia</collectingCountry>
, the recent findings are scarce and mostly related to the Danube (the Iron-Gate part and
<collectingRegion id="49A0D9A7FFE6FFEFFC6E1F6FFC03DC7F" box="[952,1022,835,861]" country="Serbia" name="Kovin" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kovin</collectingRegion>
Municipality). In the past the species was more common, and it was recorded from Zasavica (near the Sava River), Lepenica River, and few ponds and swamps along the Danube.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF111F82FE4ADB17" blockId="15.[151,1437,438,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF111F82FE86DCEB" bold="true" box="[199,379,942,969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Other remarks</emphasis>
. Though widespread across Europe, this species is considered sensitive to water pollution, so in some parts of its distribution range it is considered critically endangered (
<collectingCountry id="F37357D5FFE6FFEFFC211FFFFBB6DCCF" box="[1015,1099,979,1005]" name="Austria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Austria</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F37357D5FFE6FFEFFB521FFFFAC4DCCC" box="[1156,1337,979,1006]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
) and endangered in
<collectingCountry id="F37357D5FFE6FFEFFEF51FDBFE76DB33" box="[291,395,1015,1041]" name="Germany" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFE4D1FDBFD6FDB33" author="Welter-Schultes, F. W." box="[411,658,1015,1041]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref60074" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFF1F1837FE51DB17" author="Vavrova, L. &amp; Cianfanelli, S. &amp; Prie, V. &amp; Georgiev, D. &amp; Ghamizi, M." box="[201,428,1051,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="4814654" refId="ref59592" refString="Vavrova, L., Cianfanelli, S., Prie, V., Georgiev, D. &amp; Ghamizi, M. (2010) Bithynia leachii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2010, e. T 155649 A 4814654. [downloaded 3 May 2021] https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2010 - 4. RLTS. T 155649 A 4814654. en" type="journal article" year="2010">
Vavrova
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFEE61837FE9CDB17" box="[304,353,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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