189 lines
21 KiB
XML
189 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A7336A4363553CDA275095BE482C0FAD">The tadpoles of nine Cameroonian Leptodactylodon species (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="885A02188225C903B49241CB81E7F7D8">Mapouyat, Lissa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8155224FF5C0DE7239E48E8CEEDD8D7E">Hirschfeld, Mareike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CBF99336E8F07E03A369A290538FAA8E">Rödel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04F691EE16BA4C10CB2C355B91A4C1D9">Liedtke, H. Christoph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2671DFFC9789A757435AC61BDDB8420B">Loader, Simon P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D79B03DC8B54D8D7C579135AA224A1B7">Gonwouo, L. Nono</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="914F3A9220CBDCB9C6A753AB8ECA9452">Dahmen, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17AA9A3D7980442CB0D0AF6355DAE838">Doherty-Bone, Thomas M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8A2E5A7EB12B04840E97B4895A48DAE">Barej, Michael F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3FA890DC1D5665F48A2AB4406F5A46E1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4E10145AE93EE1CADFA78350EE4A1677">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CE3976B4857F7AC41E4B3C094ADE80EE">3765</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038987F9FF84FFE8FAC2537FFAB8FE82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5626125" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127667044" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5626125" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038987F9FF84FFE8FAC2537FFAB8FE82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987F9FF84FFE8FAC2537FFAB8FE82" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="C33A6564FF84FFE8FAC2537FFAB8FE82" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36EFFF84FFEAFAC2537FFD9DF983" blockId="5.[151,634,1612,1637]" box="[151,634,1612,1637]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="D0D78183FF84FFEAFAC2537FFD9DF983" bold="true" box="[151,634,1612,1637]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D6CFF84FFEAFAC2537FFD9DF983" ID-CoL="3TN2M" authority="Nieden, 1910" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,634,1612,1637]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptodactylodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
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<emphasis id="B954EAFDFF84FFEAFAC2537FFD9DF983" bold="true" box="[151,634,1612,1637]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B954EAFDFF84FFEAFAC2537FFE3DF983" bold="true" box="[151,474,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">Leptodactylodon boulengeri</emphasis>
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Nieden, 1910
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36EFFF84FFEAFAC253A6FBCFF862" blockId="5.[151,1436,1684,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">
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We examined sixteen individuals collected near Fotabong and on Mount Manengouba: ZMB 78466 (one tadpole, Gosner stage 25, Manengouba village,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE145028FF84FFEAF818538BFD09F937" box="[589,750,1720,1745]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="4.9732666">4°58’23.76”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE145028FF84FFEAF8AC538BFC6EF937" box="[761,905,1720,1745]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="9.8755">9°52’31.8”E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CD89B0AFF84FFEAF9C1538AFC0BF936" box="[916,1004,1721,1745]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1290.0">1290 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF9E102FFF84FFEAF9A2538AFB32F937" box="[1015,1237,1720,1745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" value="2010-11-21">21 November 2010</date>
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); ZMB 78469–71 (two tadpoles, Gosner stages 36 & 40, respectively; one tadpole Gosner stage not assessable; five tadpoles, Gosner stage 25; Fotabong,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE145028FF84FFEAFBDF5233FDCDF8FF" box="[394,554,1792,1817]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="5.4767">5°28’36.12”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE145028FF84FFEAF86E5233FD3FF8FF" box="[571,728,1792,1817]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="9.923634">9°55’25.08”E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CD89B0AFF84FFEAF8BC5232FCA2F8FE" box="[745,837,1793,1817]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.272" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1272.0">1272 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF9E102FFF84FFEAF9035232FBC9F8FF" box="[854,1070,1792,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" value="2011-11-03">3 November 2011</date>
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); ZMB 78476 (seven tadpoles, Gosner stage 25–37, Fotabong,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE145028FF84FFEAF8445217FD49F8DB" box="[529,686,1828,1853]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="5.4774666">5°28’38.88”N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE145028FF84FFEAF8EE5217FCBEF8DB" box="[699,857,1828,1853]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" precision="1" value="9.923467">9°55’24.48”E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CD89B0AFF84FFEAF93F5217FC21F8DA" box="[874,966,1828,1853]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.267" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1267.0">1267 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF9E102FFF84FFEAF9825216FB48F8DB" box="[983,1199,1828,1853]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" value="2011-11-02">2 November 2011</date>
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). All tadpoles of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D6CFF84FFEAFFD05216FEF7F887" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptodactylodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
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<emphasis id="B954EAFDFF84FFEAFFD05216FEF7F887" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">L. boulengeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were found on soaked sandy soil along small rivers or buried in sandy ground of these rivers in mid altitude (
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<quantity id="4CD89B0AFF84FFEAFAAF525FFE7EF863" box="[250,409,1900,1925]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2785" metricValueMax="1.29" metricValueMin="1.267" pageId="5" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1278.5" valueMax="1290.0" valueMin="1267.0">1267–1290 m</quantity>
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), the sand being only covered by a very thin film of water.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36EFFF84FFEAFA9252A3FCE4F817" blockId="5.[151,1436,1684,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="34">The description is based on four genotyped tadpoles (ZMB 78466, 78470, 78471, 78476) at Gosner stage 25. Body length/total length ratio, maximum tail length and height; as well as description of tail tip was based on nongenotyped specimens of the same developmental stage.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5F6667FF87FFE9FAC25112FCDEFBB3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285565/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[206,1377,197,1028]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8B9F36EFFF87FFE9FAC25112FCDEFBB3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1057,1109]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B954EAFDFF87FFE9FAC25112FEF3FBD0" bold="true" box="[151,276,1057,1079]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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Dorsal (a) and lateral view (b) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C204D6CFF87FFE9F8235112FC71FBD1" box="[630,918,1057,1079]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptodactylodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
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<emphasis id="B954EAFDFF87FFE9F8235112FC71FBD1" box="[630,918,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Leptodactylodon boulengeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with sketches of the mouthpart in frontal view (c) and jaw sheaths with caniniform projections (d); scale bars: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36EFFF87FFE9FA9251B1FE84F8A1" blockId="6.[151,1436,1154,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B954EAFDFF87FFE9FA9251B1FE86FB7D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1154,1179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Morphology.</emphasis>
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Long slender tadpole with narrow and long muscular tail; body elongate, elliptical in dorsal and depressed in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="131B2A6AFF87FFE9FB975195FDE1FB59" box="[450,518,1190,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1057,1079]" captionTargetBox="[206,1377,197,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[200,1387,193,1035]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal (a) and lateral view (b) of Leptodactylodon boulengeri with sketches of the mouthpart in frontal view (c) and jaw sheaths with caniniform projections (d); scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285565/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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a, b); body length 29.9 ± 2.0% (N= 10) of total length; body height 40.6 ± 7.5% (N= 4) of body length; body width 52.2 ± 3.8% (N= 4) of body length; maximum body width on level of spiracle insertion; snout nearly rounded to truncate in dorsal view; nostrils oval, situated laterally; nostrils equidistant from eye and snout tip; eye diameter 8.3 ± 2.7% (N= 4) of body length; inter-orbital distance equals inter-nostril distance (inter-orbital distance of ZMB 78470 slightly exceeds inter-nostril distance); tail fins narrow; dorsal fin originating 0.3–1.0 mm (N= 3) anterior to tail base, narrow, reaching maximum depth after about first quarter, as high or only slightly deeper as ventral fin; ventral fin narrow, originates on level with tail base, almost parallel to tail axis; tail tip pointed; tail axis slender, edges almost parallel towards tail tip; body height 97.4–98.5 (N= 2) of total tail height; maximum height of tail axis 57.7 ± 2.7% (N= 5) of total tail height; vent tube dextral; lateral sacs present, extending from spiracle to end of body, covering lower two thirds of flanks; short sinister spiracle, translucent, opening lateral, not visible in dorsal view, originating at app. mid-body; mouth opening frontal; labial tooth row formula 0/0; both jaw sheaths fully keratinized and of narrow almost rectangular shape; upper jaw distinctly serrated, serrations almost uniform, slightly larger serration towards edges; lower jaw flat U-shaped, distinctly serrated with a lateral pair of caniniform projections (fangs), median part with six to seven needle-like cusps (
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<figureCitation id="131B2A6AFF87FFE9FF3B5349FF42F951" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1057,1079]" captionTargetBox="[206,1377,197,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[200,1387,193,1035]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal (a) and lateral view (b) of Leptodactylodon boulengeri with sketches of the mouthpart in frontal view (c) and jaw sheaths with caniniform projections (d); scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285565/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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d); one distinct serration abaxial to fangs; large semicircular posterior lip covered with 18 papillae; papillae symmetrically arranged along body axis; most papillae arranged in two semicircular rows, one near the lower jaw sheath, the second closer to posterior margin of lower lip (
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<figureCitation id="131B2A6AFF87FFE9F91B53D5FC71F919" box="[846,918,1766,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1057,1079]" captionTargetBox="[206,1377,197,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[200,1387,193,1035]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal (a) and lateral view (b) of Leptodactylodon boulengeri with sketches of the mouthpart in frontal view (c) and jaw sheaths with caniniform projections (d); scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285565/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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c); distinct short skin fold on lower lip, just posterior to lower jaw sheath; oral disc width 35.5–48.5% (N= 3) of body length; mouth width 23.1–31.8% (N= 3) of oral disc width.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F36EFFF87FFE9FA925261FEE1F831" blockId="6.[151,1436,1154,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">
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The largest tadpole at Gosner stage 25 (ZMB 78471) measured
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total length (body length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B0AFF87FFE9FF405260FA89F88C" box="[1301,1390,1875,1898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="7.7">7.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; tail length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B0AFF87FFE9FABB5245FEBEF869" box="[238,345,1910,1935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="16.7">16.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The most advanced/developed individual (ZMB 78476, Gosner stage 37) measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B0AFF87FFE9FF635245FA7BF868" box="[1334,1436,1910,1935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.21" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="52.1">52.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(body length.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B0AFF87FFE9FB6252A9FE78F854" box="[311,415,1946,1970]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="14.1">14.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; tail length: 38.0 mm). The smallest juveniles reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B1EFF87FFE9FE1552A9FB3EF854" author="Amiet" box="[1088,1241,1946,1971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1980) Revision du genre Leptodactylodon Andersson (Amphibia, Anura, Astylosterninae). Annales de la Faculte des Sciences de Yaounde, 27, 69 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">Amiet (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CD89B0AFF87FFE9FF0352A9FF24F830" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="16.0">16–19 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36EFFF86FFE8FA9255A4FA9DFF1E" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAFDFF86FFE8FA9255A4FDE5FF56" bold="true" box="[199,514,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Coloration in preservation</emphasis>
|
||
. Pale brown; dorsal parts of body and tail with irregular dark speckling; lower part of body and tail paler; anterior part of tail with longitudinal black line (not visible in life); only few dark spots on venter and on the last third of ventral tail fin; dorsal fin with dark spots, fins otherwise translucent cream-white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F36EFFF86FFE8FA925437FAB8FE82" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAFDFF86FFE8FA925437FE71FEFB" bold="true" box="[199,406,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Coloration in life</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B2A6AFF86FFE8FBFD5437FE0AFEFB" box="[424,493,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1271,1293]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,411,1250]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,411,1250]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Life coloration of Leptodactylodon tadpoles, from top to bottom: L. cf. polyacanthus punctiventris (ZMB 78551, Fotabong), L. boulengeri (ZMB 78471, Fotabong), L. ventrimarmoratus (ZMB 78554, Mt. Kala); pictures not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285566/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pale brown with dark brown speckles, some of them lighter brown; funnel dark, almost black; tail axis with whitish-blue spots; ventral fin with yellow spots; tail tip almost white; venter with light reddish coloration; some individuals with cream-white snout (like some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D6CFF86FFE8F997547EFBD7FE82" box="[962,1072,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptodactylodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAFDFF86FFE8F997547EFBD7FE82" box="[962,1072,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C204D6CFF86FFE8FE32547EFAA9FE82" box="[1127,1358,333,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptodactylodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimarmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954EAFDFF86FFE8FE32547EFAA9FE82" box="[1127,1358,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">L. ventrimarmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |