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<mods:title id="A5260C4E290AA0B9A6E9ED63A0DB2112">DNA barcodes for Cladocera and Copepoda from Mexico and Guatemala, highlights and new discoveries</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA3BF246945CB4830CC2E9722DA18367">Jerónimo, Fernando Martínez</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1DBBD75DF5C7B24A8EDD0872151EB8D4">Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN). Apdo. Postal CON- 252, Mexico, D. F. 0640, Mexico. E-mail: fjeroni @ ipn. mx</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0D781CBDF19FF88C1D7FE61FDFA5C69" bold="true" box="[151,576,501,527]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C1D7FE61FDFA5C69" bold="true" box="[151,576,501,527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Genus
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<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C1AEFE61FEE25C69" bold="true" box="[238,344,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Daphnia</emphasis>
O. F. Müller, 1785
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<paragraph id="8B9F36A7DF19FF88C1D7FDD4FB2C5D2C" blockId="8.[151,1436,576,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
This genus was represented in our collections by six species, all well discriminated by COI sequences. Three of the species belonged to the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C32CFDFCFD695CE7" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[620,723,616,641]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C32CFDFCFD695CE7" box="[620,723,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Daphnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C3AAFDFCFCD35CE7" box="[746,873,616,641]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C3AAFDFCFCD35CE7" box="[746,873,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. parvula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C237FDFCFAFF5CE4" authority="Hebert and Finston 1996" authorityName="Hebert and Finston" authorityYear="1996" box="[887,1349,616,642]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cheraphila">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C237FDFCFBA05CE7" box="[887,1050,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. cheraphila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B56DF19FF88C561FDFCFAFF5CE4" author="Hebert and Finston" box="[1057,1349,616,642]" firstAuthor="Hebert" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="632 - 653" refId="ref9571" refString="Hebert, P. D. N. &amp; Finston, T. L. (1996) A taxonomic reevaluation of North American Daphnia (Crustacea: Cladocera) II. New species in the Daphnia pulex group from the south - central United States and Mexico. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74 (4), 632 - 653." type="journal article" year="1996">Hebert and Finston 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C411FDFCFF535CCF" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C411FDFCFF535CCF" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Daphnia sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and three to the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C30EFD04FD4E5CCF" authorityName="Dybowski &amp; Grochowski" authorityYear="1895" box="[590,756,656,681]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Ctenodaphnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C30EFD04FD4E5CCF" box="[590,756,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ctenodaphnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C24AFD04FC3B5CCF" box="[778,897,656,681]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C24AFD04FC3B5CCF" box="[778,897,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. magna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C2D5FD04FC465CCF" authorityName="Herrick" authorityYear="1895" box="[917,1020,656,681]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C2D5FD04FC465CCF" box="[917,1020,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. exilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C54FFD04FB1E5CCF" box="[1039,1188,656,681]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lumholtzi">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C54FFD04FB1E5CCF" box="[1039,1188,656,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. lumholtzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Comparisons with sequence records in GenBank revealed that
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C3DCFD2CFCF35CB7" authorityName="Herrick" authorityYear="1895" box="[668,841,696,721]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C3DCFD2CFCF35CB7" box="[668,841,696,721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Daphnia exilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed little divergence from its close relative
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C43FFD2CFEBE5C9F" authorityName="Biraben" authorityYear="1917" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulata">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C43FFD2CFEBE5C9F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. spinulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(minimum 0.80, maximum 3.9%), from
<collectingCountry id="F3377637DF19FF88C3A6FD74FCE55C9C" box="[742,863,736,762]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. Despite this fact, the
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C523FD74FB7E5C9F" authorityName="Herrick" authorityYear="1895" box="[1123,1220,736,761]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C523FD74FB7E5C9F" box="[1123,1220,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. exilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3377637DF19FF88C44DFD74FADC5C9C" box="[1293,1382,736,762]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mexico</collectingCountry>
was grouped in the same cluster, which was distinct from the cluster formed by
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C544FC9CFB2F5D47" authorityName="Biraben" authorityYear="1917" box="[1028,1173,776,801]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulata">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C544FC9CFB2F5D47" box="[1028,1173,776,801]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. spinulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These two species do show allozyme (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B56DF19FF88C017FCA4FDD15D2C" author="Adamowicz" box="[343,619,816,842]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Adamowicz" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="171 - 205" refId="ref7850" refString="Adamowicz, S. J., Hebert, P. D. N. &amp; Marinone, M. C. (2004) Species diversity and endemism in the Daphnia of Argentina: a genetic investigation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 140 (2), 171 - 205." type="journal article" year="2004">
Adamowicz
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C0ADFCA4FD925D2F" box="[493,552,816,841]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
) and morphological differences (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B56DF19FF88C2AFFCA4FB335D2C" author="Benzie" box="[1007,1161,816,842]" firstAuthor="Benzie" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref8048" refString="Benzie, J. A. H. (2005) Cladocera: The Genus Daphnia (including Daphniosis). Kenobi Productions &amp; Backhuys Publishers, Ghent, Leiden, 376 pp." type="book" year="2005">Benzie 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33A652CDF19FF88C185FCCCFDC45AD4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9F36A7DF19FF88C185FCCCFB895D8C" blockId="8.[151,1436,576,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C185FCCCFE0D5D17" authorityName="Hebert and Finston" authorityYear="1996" box="[197,439,856,881]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cheraphila">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C185FCCCFE0D5D17" box="[197,439,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Daphnia cheraphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recently described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B56DF19FF88C24CFCCCFB815D14" author="Hebert &amp; Finston" box="[780,1083,856,882]" firstAuthor="Hebert" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="632 - 653" refId="ref9571" refString="Hebert, P. D. N. &amp; Finston, T. L. (1996) A taxonomic reevaluation of North American Daphnia (Crustacea: Cladocera) II. New species in the Daphnia pulex group from the south - central United States and Mexico. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74 (4), 632 - 653." type="journal article" year="1996">Hebert &amp; Finston (1996)</bibRefCitation>
who included material from
<collectingCountry id="F3377637DF19FF88C1D7FC14FF4A5DFC" box="[151,240,896,922]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mexico</collectingCountry>
in their original description. Our material showed 1.94% COI divergence from sequences in GenBank for this species. Another
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C0FEFC3CFD9E5DA7" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[446,548,936,961]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C0FEFC3CFD9E5DA7" box="[446,548,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Daphnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C3BBFC3CFC805DA7" box="[763,826,936,961]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulex">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C3BBFC3CFC805DA7" box="[763,826,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pulex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, seems to represent a new species as its closest COI match (12.7%) was to
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C341FC44FD705D8F" box="[513,714,976,1001]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C341FC44FD705D8F" box="[513,714,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Daphnia parvula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Río Coronda,
<collectingCountry id="F3377637DF19FF88C2F7FC44FB955D8C" box="[951,1071,976,1002]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9F36A7DF19FF88C185FC6CFDC45AD4" blockId="8.[151,1436,576,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
We recorded the invasive species
<taxonomicName id="4C204D24DF19FF88C312FC6CFD595A77" box="[594,739,1016,1041]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Daphniidae" genus="Daphnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lumholtzi">
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C312FC6CFD595A77" box="[594,739,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D. lumholtzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the first time in
<collectingCountry id="F3377637DF19FF88C28FFC6CFB935A74" box="[975,1065,1016,1042]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Mexico</collectingCountry>
in the northern state of
<collectingRegion id="49E4F845DF19FF88C402FC6CFA2F5A74" box="[1346,1429,1016,1042]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sonora</collectingRegion>
. Given its broad distribution across the
<collectingCountry id="F3377637DF19FF88C31AFBB4FD4C5A5C" box="[602,758,1056,1082]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">United States</collectingCountry>
and its presence in southern
<collectingCountry id="F3377637DF19FF88C507FBB4FB185A5C" box="[1095,1186,1056,1082]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Canada</collectingCountry>
, its detection was not unexpected. The Mexican specimens showed barcode identity with populations from the other North American populations that have been sequenced (0.47% maximum) and high divergences (8.68% minimum) with Australian specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB14B56DF19FF88C0E2FB0CFDC85AD4" author="Havel" box="[418,626,1176,1202]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Havel" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1414 - 1419" refId="ref9518" refString="Havel, J. E., Colbourne, J. K. &amp; Hebert, P. D. N. (2000) Reconstructing the history of intercontinental dispersal in Daphnia lumholtzi by use of genetic markers. Limnology and Oceanography, 45 (6), 1414 - 1419." type="journal article" year="2000">
Havel
<emphasis id="B954EAB5DF19FF88C0B1FB0CFD915AD7" box="[497,555,1176,1201]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>