170 lines
21 KiB
XML
170 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="B83588CABDBA51A311825EF331CB052F" ID-CLB-Dataset="4659" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2169.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c2a442e-2e76-4728-b65b-16a13d1e12a7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5320346" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629627169213" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Frolov, Andrey V." docDate="2009" docId="5B122807FFAFFFA0FF46B643DF0022BD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02169p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2169 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2169.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aphodius (Chilothorax) variicolor Koshantschikov. These 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="A72B507FFFAAFFA7FFD1B03FDD4A2713" masterDocTitle="Larval morphology of Aphodius sus (Herbst) and A. variicolor Koshantschikov (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1699113908023" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FD1A6FAF8430F37C94866AE8D0C09735">Larval morphology of Aphodius sus (Herbst) and A. variicolor Koshantschikov (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0160C37585C855A0A78ECE6AF02601F0">Frolov, Andrey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0F1D8CC8E347CCF76AD5E2C99709C080">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="73482BD8D8D99B7F7001E8583D6D99E9">
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<mods:date id="F921C7B826DE2457AD92E8DEAC021FFE">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="81385D22DEDB0A74E50C585E4BD1641C">2009-07-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D5097FF76468945D3890194DA5D57C98">2169</mods:number>
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<treatment id="5B122807FFAFFFA0FF46B643DF0022BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333499" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185192321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5333499" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5B122807FFAFFFA0FF46B643DF0022BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5B122807FFAFFFA0FF46B643DF0022BD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="9BA1CA9AFFAFFFA2FF46B643DFCA21AB" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFAFFFA2FF46B643DE012186" blockId="5.[151,843,1659,1720]" box="[151,843,1659,1686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="884C2E7DFFAFFFA2FF46B643DE012186" bold="true" box="[151,843,1659,1686]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="14BBE292FFAFFFA2FF46B643DE012186" authority="Koshantschikov, 1894" authorityName="Koshantschikov. These" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,843,1659,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variicolor" subGenus="Chilothorax">
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<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFAFFFA2FF46B643DE012186" bold="true" box="[151,843,1659,1686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFAFFFA2FF46B643DC402185" bold="true" box="[151,266,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Aphodius</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFAFFFA2FECDB643DCE42185" bold="true" box="[284,430,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Chilothorax</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFAFFFA2FE6EB643DF7E2185" bold="true" box="[447,564,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">variicolor</emphasis>
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Koshantschikov, 1894
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFAFFFA2FF46B6A1DFCA21AB" blockId="5.[151,843,1659,1720]" box="[151,640,1694,1720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Figs. 16–19, 22–30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BA1CA9AFFAFFFA2FF46B6D3DE13203F" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFAFFFA2FF46B6D3DE13203F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1772,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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This rarely collected species was known from a few localities in western
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<collectingCountry id="ABACD981FFAFFFA2FC2CB6D3D9CC2015" box="[1021,1158,1772,1798]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="B72AE4E0FFAFFFA2FB47B6D3D8612015" author="Frolov" box="[1174,1323,1772,1798]" firstAuthor="Frolov" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref3734" refString="Frolov, A. V. (2002) A review of aphodiines of the subgenus Chilothorax Motschulsky, genus Aphodius Illiger (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), from Russia and neighboring countries. Entomological Review, 82 (1), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2002">Frolov 2002</bibRefCitation>
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) and was recently recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="ABACD981FFAFFFA2FE7BB72DDCB2203F" box="[426,504,1810,1836]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Russia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="B72AE4E0FFAFFFA2FDD9B72DDE06203F" author="Akhmetova & Frolov" box="[520,844,1810,1836]" firstAuthor="Akhmetova" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" pagination="72" refId="ref3620" refString="Akhmetova L. A., & Frolov A. V. (2008) New records of Aphodius species from Russia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 17 (1), 72." type="journal article" year="2008">Akhmetova & Frolov 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BA1CA9AFFAFFFA0FF14B707DCE32200" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFAFFFA2FF14B707DCF120FD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1772,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFAFFFA2FF14B707DC882041" bold="true" box="[197,450,1848,1874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="63D3934CFFAFFFA2FE1DB706DCFD20FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3339948303" collectingDate="2007-04-14" collectingDateMax="2008-04-04" collectingDateMin="2007-04-14" collectionCode="ZIN" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-adult="1">
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More than 50 third-instar larvae were collected from fixed sands in the Dosang environs. Larvae were collected in roots of cheat grass (
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<taxonomicName id="14BBE292FFAFFFA2FCF0B75FD94D206A" box="[801,1031,1888,1913]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Anisantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tectorum">
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<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFAFFFA2FCF0B75FD94D206A" box="[801,1031,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Anisantha tectorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="14BBE292FFAFFFA2FBFEB75FD9BD206A" box="[1071,1271,1888,1913]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tectorum">
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<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFAFFFA2FBFEB75FD9BD206A" box="[1071,1271,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Bromus tectorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)) (
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<figureCitation id="4B808594FFAFFFA2FACAB75FD83A2069" box="[1307,1392,1888,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,185,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[165,1430,185,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 41. Habitat of Aphodius variicolor larvae in Dosang environs (Astrakhan Province, Russia)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5320354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5320354/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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) on
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<date id="A705BFD1FFAFFFA2FF46B7B9DC5020B3" box="[151,282,1926,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" value="2007-04-14">
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<collectingDate id="B7414639FFAFFFA2FF46B7B9DC5020B3" box="[151,282,1926,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" value="2007-04-14">14.IV.2007</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(
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<specimenCount id="C5BD5298FFAFFFA2FEFDB7B9DC9A20B3" box="[300,464,1926,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
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) and
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<date id="A705BFD1FFAFFFA2FDC2B7B9DFC220B3" box="[531,648,1926,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" value="2008-04-04">
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<collectingDate id="B7414639FFAFFFA2FDC2B7B9DFC220B3" box="[531,648,1926,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" value="2008-04-04">4.IV.2008</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(majority of specimens). All larvae were about the same size and similar externally. Twenty living larvae collected in 2008 were taken to the
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<collectionCode id="B5AA01D4FFAFFFA2FBC2B792D90E20D4" box="[1043,1092,1965,1991]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
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laboratory and in five weeks
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<specimenCount id="C5BD5298FFAFFFA2FF46B7EBDC4C20FD" box="[151,262,2004,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="adult">six adults</specimenCount>
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were obtained
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="87C4C999FFACFFA1FF46B7F4D99020F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5320354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5320354" box="[151,1242,1995,2019]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5320354/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" startId="6.[151,255,1995,2019]" targetBox="[165,1429,185,1970]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFACFFA1FF46B7F4D99020F1" blockId="6.[151,1242,1995,2019]" box="[151,1242,1995,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFACFFA1FF46B7F4DC6C20F0" bold="true" box="[151,294,1995,2019]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 41.</emphasis>
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Habitat of
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<taxonomicName id="14BBE292FFACFFA1FE4EB7F4DF3E20F1" authorityName="Koshantschikov. These" authorityYear="1894" box="[415,628,1995,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variicolor">
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<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFACFFA1FE4EB7F4DF3E20F1" box="[415,628,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Aphodius variicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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larvae in Dosang environs (Astrakhan Province, Russia).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFADFFA0FF14B0A8DEAC2635" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFADFFA0FF14B0A8DF1E27A2" bold="true" box="[197,596,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Third-instar larval description.</emphasis>
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Larva of typical C-shape form (
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<figureCitation id="4B808594FFADFFA0FC0BB0A7D97E27A1" box="[986,1076,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–30" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[156,1400,236,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-55@3.[151,1436,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 24–30. Aphodius variicolor. Fig 24. Larva in lateral view. Fig. 25. Imago in dorsal view. Fig 26. Head of larva. Figs 27–30 Mandibles of larva (27, 28— in dorsal view, 29, 30—in ventral view; 27, 30—left, 28, 29—right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5320352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5320352/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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). Head width: 1.39±0.04 mm, length (without labrum): 1.21±0.04 mm. Head surface shiny, brown with unclear pattern of small brown spots on pleural sclerites (
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<figureCitation id="4B808594FFADFFA0FE52B0DADC9127EC" box="[387,475,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–30" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[156,1400,236,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-55@3.[151,1436,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 24–30. Aphodius variicolor. Fig 24. Larva in lateral view. Fig. 25. Imago in dorsal view. Fig 26. Head of larva. Figs 27–30 Mandibles of larva (27, 28— in dorsal view, 29, 30—in ventral view; 27, 30—left, 28, 29—right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5320352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5320352/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
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). Medial part of pleural sclerites and base of frons a bit darker than remaining part of the head capsule. Frontal sutures are visible as very fine, darker lines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFADFFA0FF14B10DD84826D3" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Epicranial suture approximately 2.5 times shorter than frons height. Each pleural sclerite with 4 long setae: 3 near palpifer, 1 near epicranial suture. Two pairs of shorter setae are in the middle of each pleural sclerite. A number of shorter setae located on pleural sclerite without apparent definite pattern. Frons with 5 pairs of setae: 2 short setae in the center of frons, 1 short seta medially and 2 long setae laterally.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFADFFA0FF14B1F2DC422527" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Clypeus trapezoidal, yellowish-brown, with 2 pairs of long setae and 1 pair of short setae laterally. Basal part of clypeus (4/5 length of clypeus) is darker than apical fifth. Surface of clypeus without prominent tubercles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFADFFA0FF14B27ED9712591" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Labrum trilobed, with 2 pairs of long setae on dorsal surface, and 24 short to relatively long setae on the distal margin. Ventral side of labrum with a pair of short setae basally (Fig. 34).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFADFFA0FF14B2B1DD9425E5" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
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Mandibles triangular, asymmetrical. Left mandible slightly longer than right mandible, its scissorial part wider than in right mandible (
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<figureCitation id="4B808594FFADFFA0FE2EB28ADFD925DC" box="[511,659,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–30" captionStartId="3.[151,271,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[156,1400,236,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-55@3.[151,1436,194,1933]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 24–30. Aphodius variicolor. Fig 24. Larva in lateral view. Fig. 25. Imago in dorsal view. Fig 26. Head of larva. Figs 27–30 Mandibles of larva (27, 28— in dorsal view, 29, 30—in ventral view; 27, 30—left, 28, 29—right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5320352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5320352/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Figs. 27–30</figureCitation>
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). Base of mandible light brown, scissorial and molar part almost black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFADFFA0FF14B33DDF142317" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Maxillae symmetrical (Fig. 32). Cardo with 4 short setae: 2 on ventral side and 2 on lateral margin near base of stipes. Ventral side of stipes with long proximal and short distal setae, dorsal side with a row of 10–12 stridulatory teeth and 2 short setae near base of palpifer. Palpifer without stridulatory teeth, with one short setae ventrally. Maxillary palpus with 4 palpomeres; 1st and 4th palpomeres with 1 seta each, 3rd with 2 setae. Ventral side of galea with longitudinal row of 6 short setae. Dorsal side and apex of galea with 6 longer setae. Dorsal side of lacinia with 5 long and thick setae, ventral side with 1 long and thick seta apically and 1 short seta basally. Apex of lacinia tridentate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFADFFA0FF14B42ED9202338" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1454]" box="[197,1130,1041,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Legs are about the same size, anterior legs slightly shorter than others (Fig. 38).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFADFFA0FF14B407D843238C" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Anal sternite with 48–58 relatively long, strongly sclerotized spinules flattened and abruptly rounded apically (Fig. 22). The spinules are not arranged in rows, in some specimens they are indistinctly divided into 2 groups by a narrow smooth area (Figs. 16–19). Lower anal lobe sinuate in the middle (Fig. 23).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFADFFA0FF14B493DCE32200" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Lateral bulges of abdominal segments with 2 to 3 setae (normally there are probably 3 setae of which one can be abraded). Folds of abdominal tergites with short, thick setae not arranged in transverse row or arranged in a few irregular rows.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9BA1CA9AFFADFFA0FF14B520DF0022BD" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D3049911FFADFFA0FF14B520DF0022BD" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,1454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
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||
<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFADFFA0FF14B520DC0F222A" bold="true" box="[197,325,1311,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14BBE292FFADFFA0FE22B51FDFC0222A" authorityName="Koshantschikov. These" authorityYear="1894" box="[499,650,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFADFFA0FE22B51FDFC0222A" box="[499,650,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">A. variicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14BBE292FFADFFA0FC0EB51FD9952229" authority="(Muller)" baseAuthorityName="Muller" box="[991,1247,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFADFFA0FC0EB51FD93A222A" box="[991,1136,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">A. distinctus</emphasis>
|
||
(Müller)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also a member of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14BBE292FFADFFA0FE16B578DEE02273" authority="Motschulsky" authorityName="Motschulsky" box="[455,938,1350,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chilothorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFADFFA0FE16B578DF1D2273" box="[455,599,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Chilothorax</emphasis>
|
||
Motschulsky (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B72AE4E0FFADFFA0FCDAB579DEE82273" author="Frolov" box="[779,930,1350,1376]" firstAuthor="Frolov" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" pagination="619 - 626" refId="ref3658" refString="Frolov, A. V. (1996) Descriptions of Aphodius distinctus Muller and A. scybalarius (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) larvae. Entomological Review, 76 (4), 619 - 626." type="journal article" year="1996">Frolov 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They can be separated from the later by larger number of anal sternite spinules (about
|
||
<quantity id="144334F4FFADFFA0FD63B552DFA72294" box="[690,749,1389,1415]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="40.0">40 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14BBE292FFADFFA0FD24B552DECC2295" box="[757,902,1389,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFADFFA0FD24B552DECC2295" box="[757,902,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">A. distinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and tridentate apex of lacinia (as opposed to the bidentate lacinia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14BBE292FFADFFA0FE79B5ABDF7222BE" box="[424,568,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1CF4503FFADFFA0FE79B5ABDF7222BE" box="[424,568,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">A. distinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |