441 lines
34 KiB
XML
441 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905116760" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="0626B651A1A186ADC267A18104FBEF01" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Carnivora.532-628.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" lastPageNumber="588" masterDocId="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="588" updateTime="1716792096583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="985BA18BF507F2AF9412C43EFCD5FFA0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="957FEA50B9EAFC10EC36C7EF19F55A26">
|
||
<mods:title id="01D3855A6E6CD832B1844F6D0EE6FFB2">Order Carnivora</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D762C3CAC6B9A2238AF0CAADE8914662" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D32CE8E90457A9B3E9FA728AE0CFA66F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="2BECBBECA8675B255F64CAA9688E306F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0E6F932AA26BFDF6B06F61AEDBB6B852">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="771B2816D42EADF3D4CA734B4909D94A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8B954DA960EC660804DF3DD6E9AD6F51">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4AB9751242CEB084A7259386FD286308">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="443EC6E10F5694BC3AA76D7ABFFBAD0A">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="0CB978F9A856A64653E10D221C254607">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="4DEBF3FAD48AAE3460A286C684325133" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="A67F4D015FF6430F2EA3662522B22EE0">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="07A392DF718EC8701FEF7C7C29204D50">2005</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="E226702A38E8BB868F54CD6792B17E1B">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="400CADC5F3DEE5DA267AFE71208A4EA9">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="DAB233D091710C19CE58A342AE3F62AB">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="58FE410CE456F2D872263EB73EC41788">
|
||
<mods:title id="243AB3266CF01F6D03FCD76C4B10C82E">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="AD8564893FAF8F6911C08C66ED1DE0BB">
|
||
<mods:extent id="9108D68D7208BD5AC01BACF57B2391ED" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="BF579936C58DADBE3091750708155C55">532</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="B8A723D6FDD26B6C2EF1B56407CBDBA6">628</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="F0C21C3F6B224ED681B85DAA067232BB">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A5E95C62B933A7DE602913FAFC093913" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D008607AFE68E6276026C49C462512ED" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="0626B651A1A186ADC267A18104FBEF01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11344956" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231548347" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11344956" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0626B651A1A186ADC267A18104FBEF01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0626B651A1A186ADC267A18104FBEF01" lastPageNumber="588" pageNumber="588" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000970">
|
||
<subSubSection id="564A0454EDDC5CE334BCB4804B1D1934" pageNumber="588" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="F2640BDBB810120E92EE03A6C9518766" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52D0E8D0FFDBF8CD0716EE5B6D786014" ID-CoL="7F2KB" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">
|
||
<emphasis id="88F254D5A05B2AF92EAB0EAE9D20A6D6" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus 1758
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="133420DDD807E89043AAA59EC3E7E8A6" pageNumber="588" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="962813407F2ECC62E486A89105F8E8A4" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DF115619C333FFB9A7E9455C1B498BD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3920702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3920702" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:967F41D2-464B-4D55-AE9C-D19FE452B814" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3015EA447EC7731F54E66F1F1CA230FC" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="47" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos" title="Ursus arctos" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC102B5C31A132FEC8E1D86FEF8AF4D1" ID-CoL="7F2KB" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6F2AFAD6AA3B147EC7337FEF3FCFAA0" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1C4FDE383C94B369E07609B786EEA2CB" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibCitation id="8DA3D515C120C0F3734B2BB359999C34" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="588" pagination="47" title="Ursus arctos" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 47</bibCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C69CB15861F26EAE87C825B9D2BDE16E" pageNumber="588" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="BAD408361D4619C4EA4BD9AA35EABC58" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CB4E4253800FF2B8733D99592EC4DF1" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Type Locality:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1CD3D3CB7CE8216B9395024CBD3A7B7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867350617" country="Sweden" pageNumber="588">
|
||
"sylvis Europæ frigidæ" restricted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CEED507FB248F52E8DB456761F0549B5" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref353417" refString="Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158." year="1911">
|
||
Thomas (1911
|
||
<emphasis id="D682B90AD6A9AC40E2AF2CB9B28AD951" italics="true" pageNumber="588">a</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to "Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5F1822899DD3788D5A0A6EA360F98BE6" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
."
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C51C3A4E47054DB66457557C562B065B" pageNumber="588" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="638691FC79D9BBBFD0CA8B5DC7CEE52A" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F614B3AA4D4C270E298BC5EF2D4582E" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="A9C67672DF0EC46B2393E876D1614852" language="eng" pageNumber="588">Brown Bear</vernacularName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="979F03329DCE8C2A3E06583F44A8C658" pageNumber="588" type="child_taxa">
|
||
<paragraph id="13E738688E36AA27F78B351C5245087D" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E74B70F95A3611A774C47B10C95DF4B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Subspecies:</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="52060EC75CF54EC53D95B09B6A5BFDB3" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C57A714751D670549B14947417A2FEB5" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="arctos">
|
||
<emphasis id="2656EA4B8D50445DE8F0A6375C867C94" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="8781D632C6A42D7174697FE4BD211156" italics="true" pageNumber="588">arctos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8DA74D76B1E1EE55CFD81F00106AF31" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D68809DE28B60E3BCA336DB23383647A" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="734BDB003C0A09F5E8D5A56873618267" authority="Merriam 1896" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="alascensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FAE8935B7874BD6A604CC37376532E69" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="141FAB3232D619E17B518B73F0D7CF60" italics="true" pageNumber="588">alascensis</emphasis>
|
||
Merriam 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A45235D7BC89F5C52882CD6F1D56D9D0" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="804E596531FFD49F9407354821B11DF7" authority="Middendorff 1851" authorityName="Middendorff" authorityYear="1851" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="beringianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="11D91A4C81DFA8A6367E61C23902D426" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="12D7F9AEFB116FBC800785C2300EFD24" italics="true" pageNumber="588">beringianus</emphasis>
|
||
Middendorff 1851
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F3BA7C538EB12251D5663F8FB433855" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF975E7F6627DF475B3C9EC7F511C93" authority="Merriam 1896" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="551ADFF8EDA9C5EC729F4E10147C02FA" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="00F7C0C1C12128AE7E1EF6284A5CB823" italics="true" pageNumber="588">californicus</emphasis>
|
||
Merriam 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03F759564203D89F747D3A2F952E187D" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5428DCB449BFCD1A294082A43B42AC86" authority="F. G. Cuvier 1824" authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1824" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="collaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="92EC1B8E0B9E72D89BBB0209C54239F5" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="2567326B3BE98D398EAD93F6CAD623BD" italics="true" pageNumber="588">collaris</emphasis>
|
||
F. G. Cuvier 1824
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B32E38335FF5AB422E848FCA1F545E9" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54D8D40FE6851EECCF1E52559C0E9952" authority="Schinz 1844" authorityName="Schinz" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="crowtheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A96893B9CA2640FDCB7985E3F36D61E0" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="DC73A7F8848B982DDF41D784B54F4A4C" italics="true" pageNumber="588">crowtheri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6077D8DD2551540ADE00F436D85B1F34" author="Schinz, H. R." refId="ref319325" refString="Schinz, H. R. 1844 - 1845. Systematisches verzeichniss aller bis jetzt bekannten Saugethiere, oder, Synopsis mammalium, nach dem Cuvier' schen system. Solothurn, Jent und Gassmann, 2 vols." year="1844">Schinz 1844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD9BD6333C79DEDA69E761982AEDE9C4" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50E0474C1342833297DC99121D328D15" authority="Merriam 1896" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="dalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="E31734C86225312301D9FF2C7AB0421C" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="34A613719C829F2809CED83B0CA1933A" italics="true" pageNumber="588">dalli</emphasis>
|
||
Merriam 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="88F92CE9AED75E397B5102D6D866EA18" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A494AF0DE479559A54DE17997229657B" authority="Merriam 1902" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="gyas">
|
||
<emphasis id="048403DD9BDD138039DB6C90DB5A6A75" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="5C966DFDACCAC0084D9FF79BA1E84E22" italics="true" pageNumber="588">gyas</emphasis>
|
||
Merriam 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A63D606F59AF67621EBE9B6FA730FE2C" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BC2EBAD51B40A6E0018761C6ADD99E2" authority="Ord 1815" authorityName="Ord" authorityYear="1815" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="horribilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8ACAEF132CD18CEFBF380EA654591201" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="61B9A3537DFE936A294DD94BACC8D2E4" italics="true" pageNumber="588">horribilis</emphasis>
|
||
Ord 1815
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A093957B1728E60AD7B5B9498718F7DC" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18831A0A53B82C4328947F3E2B80098F" authority="Horsfield 1826" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="isabellinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B2AFAA8AEA5412E4511FDB6263C6AFA" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="C0357A20A97BA424D5AD281EACAEB6C1" italics="true" pageNumber="588">isabellinus</emphasis>
|
||
Horsfield 1826
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CD756860425D4FC60CDDA5C2626EC1F3" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50C9860D5BEC351275A1BF3DA806CA06" authority="Gray 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="lasiotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="239C4B29AF01A2173DA36C887F32EB93" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="43B5F97203862BBC21C4A82013119675" italics="true" pageNumber="588">lasiotus</emphasis>
|
||
Gray 1867
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B5BCD5B083BDB5C2B034EEFC0E839387" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61A121A7976F0284FEED6E8E59D8B6D9" authority="Merriam 1896" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="middendorffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC5F8C9D5874E3D7F2F6182990120BDA" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936CB1FBE6793E52FB815A036B6F552" italics="true" pageNumber="588">middendorffi</emphasis>
|
||
Merriam 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6FB3BFED766E3B7CE83A5E25A531D850" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="479C521E9A6E225C0BEE6E8EB46095A2" authority="Blyth 1854" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1854" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="pruinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5A8D36AB3456962CE09264B94A57F88A" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="F1DF1B36C6913CF892C151350FF0B159" italics="true" pageNumber="588">pruinosus</emphasis>
|
||
Blyth 1854
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A289230A6AF72813A2ADAC0C7554E06" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3CD78E14295193EE95BA5F4F39999DC" authority="Merriam 1896" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="sitkensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3AD2DC785A5629DCE2EA7344724BAEB" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="96CF7461D7C0096D4E1F58D13DE38C54" italics="true" pageNumber="588">sitkensis</emphasis>
|
||
Merriam 1896
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="287E7FD2693D1B21B528BAF3485AD6B5" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5515844D9DD1356E7993A207DBDF5DB" authority="Merriam 1914" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="stikeenensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3245415BBCF16FB52B671C39574855A8" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4DEE1955CB1E2E5635068DC2D4C749EE" italics="true" pageNumber="588">stikeenensis</emphasis>
|
||
Merriam 1914
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6FC2E1190BAECA2D9E7100CCC2B4801E" pageNumber="588">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="575257DAC4EB23894156F99437B1EF1E" authority="Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1828" authorityName="Hemprich and Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1828" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="syriacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B6A06F18533E93B2C6C0BD93C3D56AB" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="AFC45B389E63C8D92B96C7C17528E2D2" italics="true" pageNumber="588">syriacus</emphasis>
|
||
Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1828
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64B82CDFDDD9F3B31E95048F9563400C" pageNumber="588" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D52982BAED52FD50353350B0B272F352" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="8554925EE9B82D6D27B49A5E0A2C5DF7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="212B7D03EF01FC7420693436BDD990BD" name="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B9EA182F207162A230093A50CBCD2C2B" name="Albania">Albania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="999F3A06593490650D3CAA3D965B80A7" name="Armenia">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01F8392F9F609900049A6C97AAE46EB8" name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Azerbaijan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C8004E22AB46B9624AD87D2AD41F511B" name="Belarus">Belarus</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6F9E3A34409D3B99678672C64DC9F7D5" name="Bhutan">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EAC51C362DD01C8012F47DB6F71D6763" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="742B4383A416C7EB58E9E9F73D351FE9" name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N and W
|
||
<collectingCountry id="028DD29B5D68D36026EB328D7B52CABC" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63EA2C24CC0D8016A04E6C8F7B6FE09C" name="Croatia">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4E3E4E14CD2DCC2FFBDF38D54422D63" name="Estonia">Estonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9C1B0B22550826CE894C8450CDED0E43" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9997743D7A8BF92BC2CCA329CE310EA" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6A90E42A674A27A9E77EE2AE70C14B23" name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5A11C1F4ECC0F77D81FD81E10B1F5BDA" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="977C102D248AB99D2862320E5094878D" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="73CB10537772E08CF2C09F698C7FCB98" name="Iraq">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36FD4C712D06CF04E54500C0EE3E14DA" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2736411A68C10EE19D1574B49CF3FFAF" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B70F519DD086040FE2C9AAB9D01A838" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9D087D3EDCC149553A1C4A6CCE0E9B82" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5BC1EC83A16D3F79937EC5AB28C81B65" name="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="818C302223C1DDF286C5E6B00C71EA4B" name="Lebanon">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Macdeonia, N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42389554BDE74F1191AFB3530AB53AA6" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4F340DCF148FD7B90E5A9CB94EF570A1" name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3E5D89F30524E4135960E21C7717373F" name="North Korea">North Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7E1DE39193AA24980BC86984CDF43DFB" name="Norway">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B0CB5A5BFB5BB89F2FAE1061E54F7B78" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CB2D6659BF2C19DE767CD523DCA2266A" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A1A081459A1B1A2A3F3921D483CDEF6" name="Romania">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03A34967F5859DAED5700125DA72B440" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="504655136B723005092766DAA6E6CAF3" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="090166899A4E22134D329381162B6AD6" name="Slovakia">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3F5DD694131248F04AC9DECE664022D6" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E4B9B4CBFA87D5B375EA6329E2A68420" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EE70B0EDF5DBD21E06490428D519AE0D" name="Syria">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="64A392A4F12C97060263BB5A8E27861F" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01C62146916B6F4711F03D9ECB290048" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
, W
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F931288B2D3D772F811F4A9C2D624D22" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8E476D0FB3F8B8ABC8C8B4FD2C274CC1" pageNumber="588" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="1AF00F3D9438DAB26F9E0BFDCA79E5B0" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="AADD0A339EDD4A90BD414B75F547FEC8" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="D54C74038F1ED0F7F46FB9AD84AB7F01">CITES</collectionCode>
|
||
– Appendix I as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3596719A8B59AE9DAFE33CC4B0B60A07" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">
|
||
<emphasis id="5EF18AEA14FD1F3DB4AEC614B2F01980" italics="true" pageNumber="588">U. arctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="33573A573AB80DA0DA57DF236C451D01" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CE6AE90D3A20D964C06812756B2167D7" name="Bhutan">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FA85790C48067A6A3F5C9DD460BA5361" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58A97349AB6B7BE79E68ECD0CD8DE234" name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
populations) and
|
||
<emphasis id="0CAD3423CC183F85D96407219CC357AC" italics="true" pageNumber="588">
|
||
U. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EF5B1173F1FD6AF50B48A20B5C53674" baseAuthorityName="Gao" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Euarctos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isabellinus">isabellinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; otherwise Appendix II.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DC201624E6C50199D9991C1F13C50F6B" name="United States of America">U. S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectionCode id="EECA8A02ACB0620D8F9A64BC5EE618DF" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
|
||
– Endangered as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="187F273C914DB2A787965ED44E5A990D" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1854" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="arctos" subSpecies="pruinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14D91D358344E5D90C4C4EA26698BFF9" italics="true" pageNumber="588">U. arctos pruinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="088C6F37C6A2CB3E3E10433AE9720DA8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">
|
||
<emphasis id="02A04A38EE3195AF2B3AACE8FDC1115C" italics="true" pageNumber="588">U. arctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CE1F5CEE0D11F79A4E447C1C221DDC38" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and as
|
||
<emphasis id="C8741D7D28941D860B7412163A13360A" italics="true" pageNumber="588">
|
||
U. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B16A175F61B25F7528F69D5A9112A0BD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">arctos</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FBA939C25E4B418ED1610316C9379D88" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Threatened as
|
||
<emphasis id="0840957036F2E5A843F2ED60F2101FD1" italics="true" pageNumber="588">U. a. horribilis</emphasis>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4619A8A278F1831C5B3E9B1C01278979" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(48 conterminous states) except where listed as Experimental Non Essential Populations in portions of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CF2CB11230B1FC162F8B3E052A08EF42" country="United States of America" name="Idaho">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2C17E15825E347D01EC1646B5948F75E" country="United States of America" name="Montana">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="4B89C3672A60238A559FBD02C6A1E449">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
– Extinct as
|
||
<emphasis id="34CEA55D33DFD93E6042E71AA17678F2" italics="true" pageNumber="588">
|
||
U. a.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6F8B937D5F9497C33B25A07D05729BE" baseAuthorityName="Decker" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Procyonidae" genus="Nasua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni">nelsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="82649AB5CB14AC698151D7D4B7AD1DCA" pageNumber="588" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8CE84BC5AE041F48257E5E1511D5C4FC" pageNumber="588">
|
||
<emphasis id="522FC00CBFCE234ACDA85B7F1A8294D2" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="588">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
Reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1BBD3DC3D8F42A37AB7FF52AA62612E5" author="Erdbrink, D. P." refId="ref96256" refString="Erdbrink, D. P. 1953. A review of fossil and Recent bears of the old world. Proefschrift, Utrecht, 2 vol, 597 pp." year="1953">Erdbrink (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="750252AA3AF2A0518CFE5997FD8A15BF" author="Couturier, M. A. J." refId="ref69955" refString="Couturier, M. A. J. 1954. L'Ours brun (Ursus arctos) L. Grenoble, 904 pp." year="1954">Couturier (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4CAD629AB64E16C340D8EFD4781591EF" author="Rausch, R. L." refId="ref297956" refString="Rausch, R. L. 1963 a. Geographic variation in size in North American brown bears, Ursus arctos L., as indicated by condylobasal length. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 41: 33 - 45." year="1963">
|
||
Rausch (1963
|
||
<emphasis id="9F301D89D0B0751D7936315E875FA617" italics="true" pageNumber="588">a</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Kurtén (1973),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="05DA3FC1F4FB23762BF3A6356FCE1046" author="Hall, E. R." refId="ref137351" refString="Hall, E. R. 1984. Geographic variation among brown and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in North America. Special Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 13: 1 - 16." year="1984">Hall (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7C5680E01BE9F987E081A4DF7AA0E963" author="Pasitschniak-Arts, M." refId="ref273878" refString="Pasitschniak-Arts, M. 1993. Ursus arctos. Mammalian Species, 439: 1 - 10." year="1993">Pasitschniak-Arts (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A721911F03961F4697F7BBD1936BEE1" author="Ognev, S. I." refId="ref264295" refString="Ognev, S. I. 1931. Zveri vostochnoi Evropy i severnoi Azii: Khishchnye mlekopitayushchie [Mammals of eastern Europe and northern Asia: Carnivorous mammals]. Glavnauka, Moscow, 2: 1 - 776 (in Russian)." year="1931">Ognev (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C58E6D5335A8EFBB8CE714AC897754B1" author="Allen, G. M." refId="ref4824" refString="Allen, G. M. 1938 - 1940. The mammals of China and Mongolia [Natural History of Central Asia (W. Granger, ed.)]. Central Asiatic Expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, 11: pt. 1: 1 - 620 [1938]; pt. 2: 621 - 1350 [1940]." year="1938">Allen (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0993A25F36136931CAF240AA39C6E8C1" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1854" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5748E9C4E35453127F41CBFAB3369DA2" italics="true" pageNumber="588">U. pruinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct; not followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="20634E83B8A32F1FC2CB511DB3348BEF" author="Ellerman, J. R. & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B25DA9ABA09D0D1473BD19BBB3BB51D0" author="Gao Yao-ting" refId="ref112842" refString="Gao Yao-ting (ed.). 1987. [Fauna Sinica, Mammalia: Carnivora]. Science Press, Academia Sinica, Beijing, 377 pp. (in Chinese)." year="1987">Gao (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9BAA53D7D980990C2D482DE6A35E4E89" author="Stroganov, S. U." refId="ref342616" refString="Stroganov, S. U. 1962. Zveri Sibiri. Khishchye [Animals of Siberia. Carnivores]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 458 pp. (in Russian)." year="1962">Stroganov (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Lönnberg (1923
|
||
<emphasis id="0CC4186520AC74E51F516B25212E973F" italics="true" pageNumber="588">b</emphasis>
|
||
) believed that differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E6983AC48177F9BF6EA9AB7CA7BFB9D" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1854" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3A5FF490D12B4F1C40629DDFCC2D95D1" italics="true" pageNumber="588">pruinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFB2F0B06A4FCD5C4E17158EBE12D191" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D71AD72EC88F989392A160F83B48DB6" italics="true" pageNumber="588">arctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
warranted subgeneric distinction as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DC334DAE3EE9C964025CE37F86FC2CF" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1854" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pruinosus" subGenus="Mylarctos">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="18EE319A136BC59328C2D09FBDA7E7DD" italics="true" pageNumber="588">Mylarctos</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="797C101810A9AE555B338D85F2CC0D17" italics="true" pageNumber="588">pruinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, this was not supported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1DB511D19D7A9093DF5D3001CE2B013B" author="Pocock, R. I." refId="ref290006" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1932 b. The black and brown bears of Europe and Asia. Part II. The sloth bear (Melursus), the Himalayan black bear (Selenarctos) and the Malayan bear (Helarctos). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 36 (1): 101 - 138." year="1932">
|
||
Pocock's (1932
|
||
<emphasis id="EB40498751E351BD7190BA89D2032286" italics="true" pageNumber="588">b</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
thorough revision. Synonyms allocated according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2831DF766A5ED98AE1ED42E4BF50BF4C" author="Ellerman, J. R. & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93311" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1966. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946. Second ed. British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1966">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B02858CF85F2CE376240BFE2CF9BEC0" author="Hall, E. R." refId="ref137351" refString="Hall, E. R. 1984. Geographic variation among brown and grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) in North America. Special Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 13: 1 - 16." year="1984">Hall (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |