treatments-xml/data/C1/C4/8F/C1C48FBD2BFA5BAEB32E68DD362ADB2D.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432" ID-GBIF-Dataset="654566e8-947b-4dfe-8fbc-baea3d254fa8" ID-PMC="PMC6965333" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-901-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E" ID-PubMed="31975782" ModsDocID="1313-2970-901-1" checkinTime="1578615027095" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Balkenohl, Michael" docDate="2020" docId="C1C48FBD2BFA5BAEB32E68DD362ADB2D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 901: 1-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 901" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432" docTitle="Salcedia nigeriensis Alluaud 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="D8C38C1C3844549F8BEC7C1D884CDF8E" masterDocTitle="A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168267548" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A genus in disguise. Revision of the genus Salcedia Fairmaire, 1899 with descriptions of nine new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Salcediini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Balkenohl, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>901</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.901.39432</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-901-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161671748" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C1C48FBD2BFA5BAEB32E68DD362ADB2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1C48FBD2BFA5BAEB32E68DD362ADB2D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C1C48FBD-2BFA-5BAE-B32E-68DD362ADB2D" authority="Alluaud, 1932" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia nigeriensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">Salcedia nigeriensis Alluaud, 1932</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 14–19" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 14 - 19. Salcedia species, habitus, dorsal view, holotype 14 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 15 S. nigeriensis Alluaud (cotype) 16 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 17 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 18 S. procera sp. nov. 19 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures14-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370609" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–35" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 26 - 35. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 26 S. perrieri Fairmaire 27 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 28 S. faillei sp. nov. 29 S. coquilhati Alluaud 30 S. elongata Alluaud 31 S. africana (Britton) 32 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 33 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 34 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 35 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures26-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370611" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 33</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 44–51" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 44 - 51. Salcedia species, left elytron, basal half, dorsal view 44 S. perrieri Fairmaire 45 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 46 S. elongata Alluaud 47 S. africana (Britton) 48 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 49 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 50 S. baroensis sp. nov. 51 S. miranda (Andrewes)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures44-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370613" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 49</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 58–63" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 58 - 63. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 58 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 59 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 60 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 61 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 62 S. procera sp. nov. 63 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures58-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370615" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 59</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 68–76" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 68 - 76. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX) 68 S. perrieri Fairmaire 69 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 70 S. coquilhati Alluaud 71 S. elongata Alluaud 72 S. africana (Britton) 73 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 74 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 75 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 76 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures68-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 74</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 84</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="ssp. nigeriensis" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia schoutedeni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">Salcedia schoutedeni ssp. nigeriensis</taxonomicName>
Alluaud, 1932: 2; 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia schoutedeni var. nigeriensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="schoutedeni" variety="nigeriensis">Salcedia schoutedeni var. nigeriensis</taxonomicName>
Alluaud, 1932, 
<bibRefCitation author="Csiki, E" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's monthly magazine, May" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B21" refString="Csiki, E, 1933. Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio. W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. 127: Carabidae: Carabinae III, Corrigenda et Addenda. W. Junk, Berlin, 623-641." title="Coleopterorum Catalogus auspiciis et auxilio. W. Junk editus a S. Schenkling. 127: Carabidae: Carabinae III, Corrigenda et Addenda. W. Junk, Berlin, 623 - 641." year="1933">Csiki 1933</bibRefCitation>
: 641; 
<taxonomicName authority="nigeriensis" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia schoutedeni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">Salcedia schoutedeni nigeriensis</taxonomicName>
Alluaud, 1932, 
<bibRefCitation author="Jeannel, R" journalOrPublisher="Office de la Recherche Scientifique Coloniale, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B31" refString="Jeannel, R, 1946. Faune de l'empire francais. VI. Coleopteres carabiques de la region Malgache (premiere partie). Office de la Recherche Scientifique Coloniale, Paris" title="Faune de l'empire francais. VI. Coleopteres carabiques de la region Malgache (premiere partie)." year="1946">Jeannel 1946</bibRefCitation>
: 233.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia nigeriense" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriense">Salcedia nigeriense</taxonomicName>
[sic!] Alluaud, 1932: 
<bibRefCitation author="Basilewsky, P" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 322" refId="B14" refString="Basilewsky, P, 1973. Insectes Coleopteres Carabidae Scaritinae. Faune de Madagascar 37: 1 - 322" title="Insectes Coleopteres Carabidae Scaritinae." volume="37" year="1973">Basilewsky 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 293.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="nigeriensis" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia schoutedeni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">Salcedia schoutedeni nigeriensis</taxonomicName>
Alluaud, 1932: 
<bibRefCitation author="Reichardt, H" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="99 - 110" refId="B38" refString="Reichardt, H, 1975. The genera of Salcediina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini). Revista Brasileira Entomologia 19: 99 - 110" title="The genera of Salcediina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini)." volume="19" year="1975">Reichardt 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 103.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia nigeriense" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriense">Salcedia nigeriense</taxonomicName>
[sic!] Alluaud, 1932: 
<bibRefCitation author="Dostal, A" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="117 - 121" refId="B24" refString="Dostal, A, 1993. Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung aus Vietnam: Androzelma gen. nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae: Salcediini). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen 45: 117 - 121" title="Beschreibung einer neuen Gattung aus Vietnam: Androzelma gen. nov. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae: Salcediini)." volume="45" year="1993">Dostal 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 121.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1932" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia nigeriensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">Salcedia nigeriensis</taxonomicName>
Alluaud, 1930 [sic!]: 
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Printed by the author, Tutzing" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B34" refString="Lorenz, W, 2005. Systematic list of extant Ground Beetles of the World (InsectaColeoptera &quot;Geadephaga&quot;: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodidae), Second Edition. Printed by the author, Tutzing" title="Systematic list of extant Ground Beetles of the World (InsectaColeoptera &quot; Geadephaga &quot;: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodidae), Second Edition." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 155.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
: 1 ♂, with labels and data: white, handwritten 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tillabéry">&quot;Tillabery</normalizedToken>
Niger Alluaud XII.1930 h° 8.&quot; / white, &quot;R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="DÉT">DET</normalizedToken>
. 2019 c&quot; / white, black framed, handwritten and printed &quot;Schoutedeni ssp. nigeriensis All. Alluaud det. 1931&quot; / red, black framed, printed 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“PARATYPE”">&quot;PARATYPE&quot;</normalizedToken>
/ white, printed &quot;COLL. MUS. CONGO&quot; (MRACT); 1 ♀, same data but printed, handwritten 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tillabéry">&quot;Tillabery</normalizedToken>
, Niger Ch. Alluaud, XII.1930&quot; (MRACT); 1 spec., same data as before (MRACT); 3 specs. mounted on one card, one without head, with labels and data: white, handwritten in black ink &quot;Gao bords du Niger I. 1931 (Alluaud)&quot; / &quot;Salcedia schoutedeni Subsp. nigeriensis Cotypes All. Alluaud det.&quot; (MNHN); 2 specs. mounted on one card, with labels and data: handwritten in black ink &quot;Gao bords Niger no. 7&quot; / white with red line: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“co-type”">&quot;co-type&quot;</normalizedToken>
/ &quot;white, handwritten and printed, black framed: &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salcedia schoutedeni</emphasis>
v. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">nigeriensis</emphasis>
Alluaud det. 1931&quot; (MNHN); white, handwritten in black ink: &quot;Tillabery Alluaud XII 1930&quot; / &quot;Salcedia schoutedeni ssp. nigeriensis Alluaud cotypes&quot; / blue, printed &quot;MUSEUM PARIS 1932 Ch Alluaud&quot; (MNHN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
16 specs., SOUDAN 
<normalizedToken originalValue="FRANÇAIS">FRANCAIS</normalizedToken>
Gao / 
<normalizedToken originalValue="MUSÉUM">MUSEUM</normalizedToken>
PARIS 12 - 1930 - VI - 1931 Ch. Alluaud &amp; P. A. CHAPPUIS (MNHN, CBB); 1 spec., same data but add. label with: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia nigeriense" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salcedia nigeriense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
All. P. Basilewsky det., 19 &quot; / COLL. MUS. CONGO Coll. P. Basilewsky (MRACT); 1 spec., Bords Niger 
<normalizedToken originalValue="près">pres</normalizedToken>
Ansongo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–I–">-I-</normalizedToken>
1931 (Ch. Alluaud) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="MUSÉE">MUSEE</normalizedToken>
DU CONGO / R. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="DÉT">DET</normalizedToken>
. 1944 E (MRACT); 1 ♂, Soudan 
<normalizedToken originalValue="franç">franc</normalizedToken>
.: Gao Alluaud - Chappuis; backside: don R. Jeannel, Jeannel Coll. P. Basilewsky / COLL. MUS. CONGO Coll. P. Basilewsky (MRACT);
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The holotype should be deposited in MNHN (
<bibRefCitation author="Alluaud, C" journalOrPublisher="Afra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 6" refId="B3" refString="Alluaud, C, 1932. Carabiques d'Afrique. 1. Nouvelle etude du genre Salcedia. Afra 4: 1 - 6" title="Carabiques d'Afrique. 1. Nouvelle etude du genre Salcedia." volume="4" year="1932">Alluaud 1932</bibRefCitation>
) but could not be located. However, there were seven specimens labelled by Alluaud as 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Co-types”">&quot;Co-types&quot;</normalizedToken>
among the 23 specimens deposited in MNHN. The species was originally described as subspecies of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Salcedia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salcedia schoutedeni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salcedia schoutedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Alluaud, 1932 from Gao. The labels of the type material with handwriting of Alluaud also indicate &quot;Schoutedeni ssp. nigeriensis Alluaud&quot;. However, 
<bibRefCitation author="Basilewsky, P" journalOrPublisher="Faune de Madagascar" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 322" refId="B14" refString="Basilewsky, P, 1973. Insectes Coleopteres Carabidae Scaritinae. Faune de Madagascar 37: 1 - 322" title="Insectes Coleopteres Carabidae Scaritinae." volume="37" year="1973">Basilewsky (1973)</bibRefCitation>
listed it as a species &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salcedia nigeriense</emphasis>
Alluaud&quot; without further comment. The material used by Basilewsky for his study contains a mixture of paratypes from Alluaud and material determined by Basilewsky which is labelled &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salcedia nigeriense</emphasis>
All.&quot; in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Basilewsky’s">Basilewsky's</normalizedToken>
handwriting. Examination revealed all specimens are conspecific. So, it is presumed that 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“nigeriense”">&quot;nigeriense&quot;</normalizedToken>
is a writing error by Basilewsky.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A large sized species, with sub-elongate outline of the elytra with maximum width at middle and the pronotum with a short outer lateral carina near base. The pseudohumerus is rectangular and without distinctly projecting tooth. The antennomeres are elongate. Distinguished most clearly from the similar species 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. schoutedeni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schoutedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the pronotum with the lateral margin slightly convex but not converging anteriorly, the pseudohumerus of the elytron without distinctly projecting tooth, and the female coxostylus with eight large setae and without SSO. In addition, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nigeriensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigeriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a distinctly erected tubercle on the frons of the head.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Measurements in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements and ratios of Salcedia species. N = number of specimens measured; x ̄ = arithmetic mean; &quot; term used &quot; refers to the shape of the elytra." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="FDDA58A1B347C9F0593A738CF707345F">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour and surface:</emphasis>
Fuscous to griseous, shiny; top of carinae on head, pronotum and elytra as well as margins of pronotum and elytra opaque, covered with pale grey pili; legs and mandibles fuscous, antennae and palpi leoninous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head:</emphasis>
Four-fifths of the pronotum width. Outline semi-circular. Clypeus wide, straight anteriorly, fused with clypeal wings, separated from supra-antennal plates by obtuse notches, with raised transverse field at middle, separated from frons by broad flattened shiny transverse furrow, frons with two raised paramedian carinae, joining anteriorly into a V-like keel, prolonged anteriorly into a central small but distinctly erected tubercle, with two small glossy teeth bilaterally anterior to central keel, with two indistinct short diverging carinae paralaterally at base. Frons separated from supraorbital plates by flattened broad furrows; with conspicuously deep and broad pit at front-eye level; supra-antennal and supraorbital plates margined, margin of supraorbital plate distinctly raised, carina-like, supra-antennal plates slightly vaulted. Basal border with narrow emargination at middle, nearly rectangular laterally (angle 96-98°). Eyes large, convex, genae slightly convex, both of them clearly visible from above, with ovoid shape in lateral view. Antenna with antennomeres five to ten elongate (L/W 1.24), densely pubescent, segments two to four scarcely pubescent, scapus with sub-elongate reticulation. Labrum slightly convex anteriorly. Mandible moderately short, wide, slightly arcuate at apex. Mentum small, without tooth at middle, epilobes wide, projecting and angled anteriorly, nearly completely margined, surface with indistinct pits, with isodiametric reticulation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pronotum</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–35" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 26 - 35. Salcedia species, pronotum, dorsal view 26 S. perrieri Fairmaire 27 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 28 S. faillei sp. nov. 29 S. coquilhati Alluaud 30 S. elongata Alluaud 31 S. africana (Britton) 32 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 33 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 34 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 35 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures26-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370611" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33</figureCitation>
): Outline rectangular, transverse, a third wider than long. Lateral margin slightly and regularly convex, maximum width at middle. Lateral margin distinctly crenulated, with 13-15 distinct tubercles, tubercle anterior basal angle larger, with two notches at posterior angles. Base straight laterally, with declining flat keel at middle pointing posteriorly. Disc slightly flattened in lateral view, with two distinctly raised paramedian carinae parallel to median line and diverging posteriorly, with median line long, broad anteriorly and narrow posteriorly, with two additional shorter carinae bilaterally at base, joining with the paramedian carinae and forming tooth-like tubercle at base pointing posteriorly, without anterior extension, without inner lateral carina, with very small and indistinct outer lateral carinae. All carinae sub-crenulate. Lateral margin broadly wing-like bent up, with six large and deep transverse pits, the basal ones partly separated into two smaller pits. Space between carinae and pits smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Elytron</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 44–51" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 44 - 51. Salcedia species, left elytron, basal half, dorsal view 44 S. perrieri Fairmaire 45 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 46 S. elongata Alluaud 47 S. africana (Britton) 48 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 49 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 50 S. baroensis sp. nov. 51 S. miranda (Andrewes)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures44-51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370613" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">49</figureCitation>
): Flattened in anterior half (lateral view), convex in frontal view. Sub-elongate, slightly convex laterally but not diverging, maximum width at middle, slightly narrowed posterior pseudohumerus. Pseudohumerus rectangular, without distinctly projecting tooth. Apex rounded, with small but acute tooth at suture. Disc with interneur six sub-crenulate, interneur one slightly carinate in basal quarter, interneur three slightly carinate in whole length, interneur two running up to apex as slightly convex line, conspicuously raised, reaching apex; interneur four running in parallel to interneur six, reaching base, shortened at apex. Interneur five and six with two rows of serial pits partly merging transversally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hind wings:</emphasis>
Fully developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lower surface:</emphasis>
Antennal channel of pronotum with isodiametric reticulation. Pseudoepipleura with a short row of pits, lateral margin of elytron sub-crenulate. Metepisternum elongate, with broad longitudinal groove. Metasternum, abdominal sternites one and five with numerous irregularly situated larger and smaller pits, sternite two to three smooth, with band of small punctures at middle. Last two abdominal sternites laterally with isodiametric reticulation, sternite one with sub-longitudinal reticulation, two with irregular reticulation. Sternum four to six slightly sulcate. Sternum six with hollowed out circular impression at apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs:</emphasis>
Profemora with surface indistinctly reticulated. Protibia with robust, with moderately curved terminal spine, laterally with four teeth of decreasing size, the basal one with some distance from prebasal one, dorsally and ventrally with two carinae. First tarsomere distinctly elongated, as long as tarsomeres two to four together.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External sexual dimorphism:</emphasis>
Not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 58–63" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 58 - 63. Salcedia species, male genitalia, dorsal view of aedeagus (a) and parameres (b, c), lateral view (d). Small sketches in black symbolising the apex in cross section 58 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 59 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 60 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 61 S. matsumotoi sp. nov. 62 S. procera sp. nov. 63 S. baroensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures58-63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370615" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">59</figureCitation>
): Median lobe stout but moderately slender in middle part, in dorsal view moderately arcuate, strongly bent in apical third, in lateral view convex, with few fine pili laterally in apical third, apical part bent regularly ventrally, thickened towards apex, in cross section spatula-like and hollowed out dorsally, oval at apex. Oroficium small. Endophallus with bundle of longer microtrichia near oroficium, with additional longitudinal group of small microtrichia basally. Dorsal paramere relatively short, distinctly bisinuate, with elongated apophyses; ventral one shaped like a longitudinal spatula, with fine seta at apex; both parameres slightly distorted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 68–76" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figures 68 - 76. Salcedia species, female coxostyli (gonopod IX) and laterotergite IX (epipleutite IX) 68 S. perrieri Fairmaire 69 S. unifoveata sp. nov. 70 S. coquilhati Alluaud 71 S. elongata Alluaud 72 S. africana (Britton) 73 S. schoutedeni Alluaud 74 S. nigeriensis Alluaud 75 S. putzeysi (Oberthuer) 76 S. matsumotoi sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figures68-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370617" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">74</figureCitation>
): Coxostylus slender, abruptly broadened to base, distinctly curved, acute at apex, with indistinct carina dorsally in apical third, at end of basal third with one strong and seven slender nematiform setae laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation:</emphasis>
The number of tubercles at the lateral margin of the pronotum varies from 13 to 15.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 84. Map of tropical Africa providing an overview of the occurrence of all African Salcedia species described to date (recorded localities plotted). 1 (black S. perrieri Fairmaire; 2 (white) S. unifoveata sp. nov.; 3 (black circle) S. faillei sp. nov.; 4 (red) S. coquilhati Alluaud; 5 (yellow) S. elongata Alluaud; 6 (blue) S. africana (Britton); 7 (orange) S. utetea sp. nov.; 8 (grey) S. procera sp. nov.; 9 (light green) S. robusta sp. nov.; 10 (turquoise) S. schoutedeni Alluaud; 11 (purple) S. lukulua sp. nov.; 12 (dark green) S. tuberculata sp. nov.; 13 (brown) S. baroensis sp. nov.; 14 (light blue) S. nigeriensis Alluaud; 16 (dark blue) S. putzeysi (Oberthuer); 17 (black) S. matsumotoi sp. nov.;? in a circle (twice): collection locality of a single female Salcedia specimen of uncertain species. Basic schematic map of Africa taken from SimpleMappr. net." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.901.39432.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/370619" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84</figureCitation>
). Known from several localities at the middle course of the river Niger and its confluents in Mali and the west of Niger.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remark.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
There is one additional female specimen from a different collection location with label data &quot;BURKINA FASO BOROMO 
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="11.751667">11°45'06&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="-2.8488889">2°50'56&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
/ 9 VII 2005 LEG: P. MORETTO LIGHT TRAP&quot; (CBP). This specimen shares some but not all characters with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nigeriensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigeriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Alluaud. More material and/or a male specimen from that locality are needed for a proper identification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>