493 lines
56 KiB
XML
493 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.072" ID-ISSN="1807-0205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7617440" ID-ZooBank="A32FD3AF-C87F-4C75-9100-D695C3578283" approvalRequired="119" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="111" approvalRequired_for_treatments="6" checkinTime="1675793969506" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pinna, Mário de & Dagosta, Fernando Cesar Paiva" docDate="2022" docId="A81A87C0FFEEFC69FC4516E92186AA94" docLanguage="en" docName="PapAvZool.62.e202262072.pdf" docOrigin="Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.072" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6844D5473582683DD13A9A75B001759F.3:PapAvZool.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="6844D5473582683DD13A9A75B001759F" docStyleName="PapAvZool.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Paracanthopoma satanica Pinna & Dagosta 2022, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="5423FFB8FFD4FC56FFFD1053251BA907" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the vampire catfish genus Paracanthopoma Giltay, 1935 (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of nine new species and a revised diagnosis of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1675795184113" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic review of the vampire catfish genus Paracanthopoma Giltay, 1935 (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of nine new species and a revised diagnosis of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pinna, Mário de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dagosta, Fernando Cesar Paiva</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-11-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>62</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>90</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.072</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.072</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1807-0205</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7617440</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A32FD3AF-C87F-4C75-9100-D695C3578283</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A81A87C0FFEEFC69FC4516E92186AA94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A81A87C0FFEEFC69FC4516E92186AA94" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="58.[952,1411,1722,1779]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[952,1263,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName authority="Pinna & Dagosta, 2022" authorityName="Pinna & Dagosta" authorityYear="2022" box="[952,1258,1722,1747]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Paracanthopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanica" status="new species">Paracanthopoma satanica</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1268,1411,1722,1747]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[1142,1220,1754,1779]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="61.[94,153,1000,1025]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,479,970]" captionTargetId="figure-127@61.[94,1417,479,970]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 36. Paracanthopoma satanica, holotype,ANSP 178231,25.4 mm SL.Peru, Dept.Loreto,Maynas,Caño Sabalito.(A) Lateral view of body;(B) Dorsal view of head;(C) ventral view of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617524/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="58.[869,1494,1818,1971]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-08-11" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="M. Sabaj" country="Peru" county="Sabalito" latitude="-4.2457166" location="Iquitos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-73.415886" municipality="rio Amazonas" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="ANSP 178231" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[869,987,1818,1843]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<typeStatus box="[869,982,1818,1843]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[1001,1162,1818,1843]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ANSP 178231</specimenCode>
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,
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<quantity box="[1179,1285,1818,1843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="25.4">25.4 mm</quantity>
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SL,
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<collectingCountry box="[1346,1399,1818,1843]" name="Peru" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1416,1490,1818,1843]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Loreto</collectingRegion>
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, Prov. Maynas, caño
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<collectingCounty box="[1120,1210,1850,1875]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Sabalito</collectingCounty>
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(a terra firme stream, part of
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<collectingMunicipality box="[964,1122,1882,1907]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">río Amazonas</collectingMunicipality>
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drainage),
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<emphasis box="[1261,1292,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ca.</emphasis>
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<quantity box="[1305,1380,1882,1907]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="km" value="42.0">42 km</quantity>
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south of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A81A87C0FFEEFC69FC4516E92186AA94:256C600DFFEEFC6CFC98172926AAAE94" box="[869,945,1914,1939]" country="Peru" county="Sabalito" latitude="-4.2457166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-73.415886" municipality="rio Amazonas" name="Iquitos" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" stateProvince="Loreto">Iquitos</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[961,1095,1913,1939]" degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="14.743" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="1" value="-4.2457166">04°14.743′S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1108,1251,1913,1939]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="24.953" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" precision="1" value="-73.415886">73°24.953′W</geoCoordinate>
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), col.,
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<collectorName box="[1325,1423,1914,1939]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">M. Sabaj</collectorName>
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<emphasis box="[1433,1493,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.,</emphasis>
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<date box="[869,1011,1946,1971]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="2001-08-11">
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<collectingDate box="[869,1011,1946,1971]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="2001-08-11">11 Aug 2001</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="58.[869,1494,2010,2131]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-08-11" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="M. Sabaj" country="Peru" county="Sabalito" latitude="-4.2457166" location="Iquitos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-73.415886" municipality="rio Amazonas" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="ANSP 189015, 10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[869,995,2010,2035]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<typeStatus box="[869,990,2010,2035]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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All collected with holotype.
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<specimenCode box="[1333,1490,2010,2035]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ANSP 189015</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[869,896,2042,2067]" collectionCode="ANSP" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34784" name="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">10</specimenCode>
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ex,
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<quantity box="[972,1139,2042,2067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="2.31" metricValueMin="1.44" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="18.75" valueMax="23.1" valueMin="14.4">14.4-23.1 mm</quantity>
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SL
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="SEM" country="Peru" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="MZUSP 100149, 5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode box="[1214,1402,2042,2067]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">MZUSP 100149</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[1426,1440,2042,2067]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">5</specimenCode>
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ex,
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<quantity box="[869,1027,2074,2099]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" metricValueMax="2.4899999999999998" metricValueMin="2.09" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="22.9" valueMax="24.9" valueMin="20.9">20.9-24.9 mm</quantity>
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SL (2 c&s, 1
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<collectionCode box="[1192,1244,2074,2099]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">SEM</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="MUSM 32799, 3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCode box="[1265,1421,2074,2099]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">MUSM 32799</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode box="[1436,1450,2074,2099]" collectionCode="SEM" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">3</specimenCode>
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ex,
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<quantity box="[869,1020,2106,2131]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="2.28" metricValueMin="1.5699999999999998" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="19.25" valueMax="22.8" valueMin="15.7">15.7-22.8 mm</quantity>
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SL
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617522" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7617522" box="[94,1394,1217,1242]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617522/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[94,153,1217,1242]" targetBox="[94,1417,204,1187]" targetPageId="59">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[94,1418,1217,2131]" box="[94,1394,1217,1242]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Figure 35.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[191,368,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dagosta & de Pinna" authorityYear="2021" box="[191,364,1217,1242]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Paracanthopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saci">Paracanthopoma saci</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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paratypes,MZUSP 125626,specimens with filamentous pectoral fins,14.5 and 15.0 mm SL (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1120,1146,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">see</emphasis>
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text,Remarks on the species).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[94,1418,1217,2131]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[94,219,1274,1299]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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The presence of 13 teeth on the median pre- of dorsal fin (
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<figureCitation box="[942,1020,1274,1299]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="61.[94,153,1000,1025]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,479,970]" captionTargetId="figure-127@61.[94,1417,479,970]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 36. Paracanthopoma satanica, holotype,ANSP 178231,25.4 mm SL.Peru, Dept.Loreto,Maynas,Caño Sabalito.(A) Lateral view of body;(B) Dorsal view of head;(C) ventral view of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617524/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
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). Dorsal and ventral profiles of caumaxilla distinguishes this species from all congeners, dal peduncle convex along its posterior two-thirds, spatwhich have either 11 or fewer, or 18 or 19 such teeth.The ulate, expanded by procurrent caudal-fin rays. Ventral associated presence of seven teeth on the anterior row profile of body straight at pectoral-fin base and then of the median premaxilla is equally diagnostic, and more gently convex until pelvic-fin origin, with some speciaccessible to observation than the complete count. The mens with greatly distented abdomens due to gut conrectangular, broader than long, shape of the median pre- tents. Myotomes and longitudinal skeletogenous sepmaxillary tooth patch (vs. roughly squarish, triangular or tum clearly visible through thin integument along whole roundish) distinguishes the species from all congeners body. Axillary gland very large, elongate in shape, exexcept
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<emphasis box="[173,313,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Dagosta" authorityYear="2022" box="[173,309,1562,1587]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Paracanthopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malevola">Pc.malevola</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Distinguished from the latter species tending along limit between hypaxial musculature and by the fewer opercular and interopercular odontodes abdominal cavity and protruding markedly on surface of (5-6 and 4-5; vs. 11-12 and 7-8, respectively); by the more body when full with secretion. Anterior end of gland surnumerous vertebrae (42-43; vs. 40); by the more numer- rounding dorsoposterior, ventral and posterior margins ous caudal-fin procurrent rays (32 dorsally and 30-32 of muscular pectoral-fin base, as thick corselet, extendventrally; vs. 19-21 dorsally and 18-20 ventrally); by the ing posteriorly to beyond margin of adpressed pectoral fewer median premaxillary teeth (13; vs. 18-19); by the fin. Gland tapering to fine posterior tip, its large round or fewer ventral principal caudal-fin rays (6 + 6; vs. 6 + 7); oval pore located at its anterior portion, approximately at and by the lack of dark pigment on dorsum (or only few vertical through middle of pectoral-fin length. Posterior isolated dark spots not forming any pattern) (vs. two se- portion of gland extending posteriorly from region venries of irregular dark spots alongside dorsal midline). tral to pore, and its size evidently related to amount of secretion stored.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[94,1418,1217,2131]" lastBlockId="60.[170,795,1178,2131]" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[94,239,1946,1971]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Description:</emphasis>
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Morphometric data for the
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<typeStatus box="[618,719,1946,1971]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">holotype</typeStatus>
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Dorsal profile of head continuous with that of dor- and
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<typeStatus box="[146,256,1978,2003]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">paratypes</typeStatus>
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are provided in
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<tableCitation box="[445,540,1978,2003]" captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="60.[170,220,218,243]" captionText="Table 11. Morphometric data of Paracanthopoma satanica. Ranges, mean and SD include holotype. Head subunits were obtained with an ocular micrometer and therefore as projections. Abbreviations: min = minimum value; max = maximum value; n = number of specimens; SD = standard deviation." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Table 11</tableCitation>
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. Body elongate sum, its origin sometimes indicated by slight constric- (HL 14.8-17.0% SL). Cross-section of body broader than tion of anterior end of epaxial musculature. Head londeep at pectoral-fin insertion and increasingly com- ger than broad (head width 69.9-80.7% HL), snout very pressed posterior to that point, tapering to caudal fin. broad, semicircular with a continuous round anterior Dorsal profile of body gently convex from head to origin margin (
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<figureCitation box="[889,969,2106,2131]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="61.[94,153,1000,1025]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,479,970]" captionTargetId="figure-127@61.[94,1417,479,970]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 36. Paracanthopoma satanica, holotype,ANSP 178231,25.4 mm SL.Peru, Dept.Loreto,Maynas,Caño Sabalito.(A) Lateral view of body;(B) Dorsal view of head;(C) ventral view of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617524/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
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||
). Head muscles not entering skull roof. Head very depressed (head depth 33.3-41.1% HL) with dorsal profile straight and horizontal until eye, then bending ventrally, straight or gently convex, to tip of snout. Ventral profile of head straight, flattened. Eye medium-sized (14.3-18.1% HL), without free orbital rim, located dorsolaterally on head and directed dorsolaterally, with pronounced lateral component. Integument over eye thin and transparent. Eye located mostly within anterior half of HL, interorbital width approximately equal to longitudinal diameter of eye. Eyelens largely constricted by iris, with losenge-shaped pupil in specimens examined. Anterior nostril small, surrounded by short tubule of integument produced posteriorly into small pointed process (
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<figureCitation box="[424,494,1594,1619]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="61.[94,153,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,1075,2077]" captionTargetId="figure-160@61.[94,1417,1075,2077]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 37. Paracanthopoma satanica, paratype,ANSP 178231,SEM images of head.(A) Dorsal;(B)Ventral.Scale bar = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617528/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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), with double elastin cores. Anterior internarial width approximately equal to interorbital. Posterior naris slightly larger than anterior ones, roundish or roughly triangular in shape, located close to anteromesial margin of eye and provided with anterior flap of integument (
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<figureCitation box="[391,467,1754,1779]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="61.[94,153,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,1075,2077]" captionTargetId="figure-160@61.[94,1417,1075,2077]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 37. Paracanthopoma satanica, paratype,ANSP 178231,SEM images of head.(A) Dorsal;(B)Ventral.Scale bar = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617528/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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). Center of posterior naris approximately at transverse line through anterior margin of eyes. Posterior internarial width narrower than interorbital and three times as wide as diameter of one nostril.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="60" pageNumber="61" startId="60.[170,220,218,243]">
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<paragraph blockId="60.[170,794,218,371]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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Table 11. Morphometric data of
|
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[453,670,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Dagosta" authorityYear="2022" box="[453,666,218,243]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Paracanthopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanica">Paracanthopoma satanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ranges, mean and SD include holotype. Head subunits were obtained with an ocular micrometer and therefore as projections. Abbreviations: min = minimum value; max = maximum value; n = number of specimens; SD = standard deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<table box="[170,776,406,1130]" colsContinueIn="65.[94,700,342,1004]" gridcols="7" gridrows="24" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,406,426]" gridrow="0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th box="[401,411,406,426]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">n</th>
|
||
<th box="[439,505,406,426]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">holotype</th>
|
||
<th box="[534,563,406,426]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">min</th>
|
||
<th box="[608,640,406,426]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">max</th>
|
||
<th box="[678,720,406,426]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">mean</th>
|
||
<th box="[755,776,406,426]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">SD</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,436,456]" gridrow="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,436,456]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Standard length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,436,456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,436,456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">25.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,436,456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">15.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,436,456]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">25.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,436,456]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">21.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,467,487]" gridrow="2" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,776,467,487]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Percentages of SL</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,497,517]" gridrow="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,497,517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Total length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,497,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,497,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,497,517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,497,517]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,497,517]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,497,517]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,528,548]" gridrow="4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,528,548]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Body depth</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,528,548]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,528,548]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">11.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,528,548]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">11.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,528,548]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">16.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,528,548]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">12.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,528,548]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,559,579]" gridrow="5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,559,579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Caudal peduncle length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,559,579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,559,579]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">22.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,559,579]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">22.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,559,579]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">23.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,559,579]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">22.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,559,579]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">0.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,589,609]" gridrow="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,589,609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,589,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,589,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">7.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,589,609]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">7.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,589,609]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">8.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,589,609]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">8.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,589,609]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,620,640]" gridrow="7" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,620,640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Predorsal length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,620,640]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,620,640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">69.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,620,640]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">67.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,620,640]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">72.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,620,640]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">69.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,620,640]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,651,671]" gridrow="8" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,651,671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Preanal length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,651,671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,651,671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">69.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,651,671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">67.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,651,671]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">72.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,651,671]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">69.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,651,671]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,681,701]" gridrow="9" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,681,701]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Prepelvic length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,681,701]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,681,701]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">62.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,681,701]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">60.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,681,701]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">62.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,681,701]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">61.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,681,701]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">0.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,712,732]" gridrow="10" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,712,732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,712,732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,712,732]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">9.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,712,732]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">7.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,712,732]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">9.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,712,732]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">8.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,712,732]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">0.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,742,762]" gridrow="11" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,742,762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Anal-fin base length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,742,762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,742,762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">8.2</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,742,762]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">8.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,742,762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">9.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,742,762]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">8.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,742,762]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,773,793]" gridrow="12" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,773,793]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Pectoral-fin length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,773,793]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,773,793]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">10.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,773,793]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">10.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,773,793]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">12.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,773,793]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">11.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,773,793]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">0.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,804,824]" gridrow="13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,804,824]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Head length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,804,824]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,804,824]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">14.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,804,824]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">14.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,804,824]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">17.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,804,824]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">15.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,804,824]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">0.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,834,854]" gridrow="14" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,776,834,854]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Percentages of HL</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,865,885]" gridrow="15" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,865,885]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Head width</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,865,885]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,865,885]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">80.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,865,885]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">69.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,865,885]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">80.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,865,885]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">74.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,865,885]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">3.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,895,915]" gridrow="16" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,895,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Head depth</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,895,915]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,895,915]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">34.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,895,915]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">33.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,895,915]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">41.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,895,915]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">36.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,895,915]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">2.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,926,946]" gridrow="17" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,926,946]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Pectoral-fin length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,926,946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,926,946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">74.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,926,946]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">64.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,926,946]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">78.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,926,946]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">72.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,926,946]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">5.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,957,977]" gridrow="18" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,957,977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Interorbital</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,957,977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,957,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">15.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,957,977]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">14.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,957,977]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">15.5</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,957,977]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">15.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,957,977]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,987,1007]" gridrow="19" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,987,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Eye diameter</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,987,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,987,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">16.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,987,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">14.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,987,1007]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">18.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,987,1007]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">15.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,987,1007]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,1018,1038]" gridrow="20" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,1018,1038]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Snout length</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,1018,1038]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,1018,1038]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">36.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,1018,1038]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">36.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,1018,1038]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">39.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,1018,1038]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">38.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,1018,1038]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,1048,1068]" gridrow="21" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,1048,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Mouth width</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,1048,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,1048,1068]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">33.6</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,1048,1068]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">28.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,1048,1068]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">42.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,1048,1068]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">33.7</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,1048,1068]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">4.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,1079,1099]" gridrow="22" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,1079,1099]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Anterior internarial width</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,1079,1099]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,1079,1099]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">15.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,1079,1099]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">12.4</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,1079,1099]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">17.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,1079,1099]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">14.9</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,1079,1099]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">1.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[170,776,1110,1130]" gridrow="23" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<th box="[170,342,1110,1130]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Posterior internarial width</th>
|
||
<td box="[401,411,1110,1130]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">6</td>
|
||
<td box="[439,505,1110,1130]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">11.8</td>
|
||
<td box="[534,563,1110,1130]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">10.1</td>
|
||
<td box="[608,640,1110,1130]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">12.0</td>
|
||
<td box="[678,720,1110,1130]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">11.3</td>
|
||
<td box="[755,776,1110,1130]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">0.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="60.[170,795,1178,2131]" lastBlockId="60.[869,1494,218,2131]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Opercular odontodophore small and elongate, dorsolaterally located on head, on dorsal half of head depth in lateral view, anterodorsally to pectoral-fin base. Opercular odontodes mostly covered with integument, 5 or
|
||
<quantity box="[198,238,2010,2035]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
number, irregular and closely positioned as two or three large posterior ones and two or three smaller anteri- or ones. Odontode bases strongly compressed, and their main axis oriented horizontally in lateral view, with distal portions of larger posterior ones curved dorsoposteriorly. Two or three caps of replacement odontodes posteriorly to mature ones. Opercular periodontodal fold small and poorly-differentiated, extending shortly beyond tips of odontodes and mostly continuous ventrally with head integument. Interopercular odontodophore smaller than opercular one, located ventrally or ventrolaterally on head,aproximately at horizontal through origin of pectoral fin. Interopercular odontodes 4 or 5, directed posteroventrally, with tips curved dorsoposteriorly. Odontode bases strongly compressed, closely positioned in one irregular or two imbricated rows, with posterior ones largest. Interopercular odontodophore closer to opercular one than to eye. Interopercular periodontodal fold of integument poorly-differentiated, mostly continuous with head integument posteriorly. Epiodontodeal small and thick, mostly covering odontodes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="60.[869,1494,218,2131]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Mouth inferior (ventral), strongly flattened ventrally. Each premaxilla with one scalpelloid teeth attached to its distal tip, and one additional tooth socket, with partly formed tooth in parallel (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1158,1243,858,883]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[94,153,2010,2035]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,212,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[94,1417,204,1980]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Comparative chart of jaws and anterior portion of head of Paracanthopoma species, cleared and stained specimens, ventral views: (A) Pc. ahriman FMNH 105525;(B)Pc.alleynei MZUSP 103052;(C) Pc.cangussu MZUSP 86250;(D)Pc.capeta MZUSP 29154;(E) Pc.daemon MZUSP 95597;(F)Pc.irritans INPA 20529; (G) Pc.malevola MCP 36217;(H) Pc.parva MZUSP 30400;(I) Pc.saci MZUSP 125626; (J) Pc.satanica MZUSP 100149;(K) Pc.truculenta MZUSP 30404;(L) Pc.vampyra MZUSP 100138. Scale bars = 500 μm. Pc.carrapata not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617448/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1254,1281,858,883]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="62.[170,229,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[170,1493,204,2044]" captionTargetId="figure-1@62.[170,1493,204,2044]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 38.Paracanthopoma satanica, holotype,ANSP 178231, CTscan images of head skeleton,(A) Lateral;(B) Dorsal;(C)Ventral.Specimen poorly calcified,some structures not properly shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617530/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">38</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scalpelloid teeth deeply hidden in labial tissue and difficult to expose in preserved specimens without damaging soft tissue. Conical teeth absent on premaxilla. Upper lip very broad but poorly-differentiated, continuous with ventral surface of snout. Median premaxilla broad, with 13 teeth disposed in two rows, anterior one with 7 teeth (three on each side and median one) and posterior row with 6 (three on each side, separated by gap) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1354,1440,1114,1139]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[94,153,2010,2035]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,212,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[94,1417,204,1980]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Comparative chart of jaws and anterior portion of head of Paracanthopoma species, cleared and stained specimens, ventral views: (A) Pc. ahriman FMNH 105525;(B)Pc.alleynei MZUSP 103052;(C) Pc.cangussu MZUSP 86250;(D)Pc.capeta MZUSP 29154;(E) Pc.daemon MZUSP 95597;(F)Pc.irritans INPA 20529; (G) Pc.malevola MCP 36217;(H) Pc.parva MZUSP 30400;(I) Pc.saci MZUSP 125626; (J) Pc.satanica MZUSP 100149;(K) Pc.truculenta MZUSP 30404;(L) Pc.vampyra MZUSP 100138. Scale bars = 500 μm. Pc.carrapata not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617448/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1453,1484,1114,1139]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="62.[170,229,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[170,1493,204,2044]" captionTargetId="figure-1@62.[170,1493,204,2044]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 38.Paracanthopoma satanica, holotype,ANSP 178231, CTscan images of head skeleton,(A) Lateral;(B) Dorsal;(C)Ventral.Specimen poorly calcified,some structures not properly shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617530/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">38</figureCitation>
|
||
). General shape of median premaxillary tooth patch (but not of underlying bone) roughly rectangular in ventral view in alcoholic specimens. All teeth posteriorly oblique to ventral surface of median premaxilla at base and curved further posteriorly at distal pungent portion, those on lateral edge of median premaxilla also with some lateral component. Basal portion of all median premaxillary teeth strongly compressed laterally. Five or six replacement tooth caps posterodorsally to mature dentition. Median premaxillary velum poorly-differentiated. Hypodontal pad of median premaxilla broad and rectangular, its posterior margin straight or gently convex, perpendicular to longitudinal head axis and occupying most of surface of upper jaw. Lower jaw narrow, composed mostly of roundish and mostly confluent dentary lobes, continuous with mental region posteriorly. Jaw cleft short strongly directed laterally, perpendicular to longitudinal axis. Dentary diastema reduced to small median concavity between dentary lobes. Dentary teeth 4, loosely disposed at mesial end of dentary, arranged in two ventral and two dorsal ones, not aligned so that in ventral view three teeth usually visible (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1355,1441,1818,1843]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[94,153,2010,2035]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,212,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[94,1417,204,1980]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Comparative chart of jaws and anterior portion of head of Paracanthopoma species, cleared and stained specimens, ventral views: (A) Pc. ahriman FMNH 105525;(B)Pc.alleynei MZUSP 103052;(C) Pc.cangussu MZUSP 86250;(D)Pc.capeta MZUSP 29154;(E) Pc.daemon MZUSP 95597;(F)Pc.irritans INPA 20529; (G) Pc.malevola MCP 36217;(H) Pc.parva MZUSP 30400;(I) Pc.saci MZUSP 125626; (J) Pc.satanica MZUSP 100149;(K) Pc.truculenta MZUSP 30404;(L) Pc.vampyra MZUSP 100138. Scale bars = 500 μm. Pc.carrapata not shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617448/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Figs. 4J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1452,1483,1818,1843]" captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="62.[170,229,2074,2099]" captionTargetBox="[170,1493,204,2044]" captionTargetId="figure-1@62.[170,1493,204,2044]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Figure 38.Paracanthopoma satanica, holotype,ANSP 178231, CTscan images of head skeleton,(A) Lateral;(B) Dorsal;(C)Ventral.Specimen poorly calcified,some structures not properly shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617530/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">38</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dentary teeth long, their axis anteriorly-directed at base, but curved dorsally or dorsolaterally at distal half.Median tooth of ventral row longer than others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="60.[869,1494,218,2131]" lastBlockId="61.[794,1418,218,467]" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Branchiostegal velum forming large, continuous, round and posteriorly concave, free fold across whole of mental region (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1036,1112,2010,2035]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="61.[94,153,2106,2131]" captionTargetBox="[94,1417,1075,2077]" captionTargetId="figure-160@61.[94,1417,1075,2077]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 37. Paracanthopoma satanica, paratype,ANSP 178231,SEM images of head.(A) Dorsal;(B)Ventral.Scale bar = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617528/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal portion of branchial membrane reaching and slightly overlapping anterior margin of pectoral-fin base. Branchial opening small, located anteriorly to pectoral-fin base, approximately equal to space between opercular and interopercular odontodophores. Maxillary barbel very short, extending for half distance to base of interopercular odontodophore or less; longer in specimens
|
||
<quantity box="[389,470,314,339]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL or under, where it can nearly reach base of interopercular odontodophore. Posterior point of its base anterior to vertical through anterior margin of eye in lateral view. Base of maxillary barbel dorsally expanded. Rictal barbel tiny, vestigial, undifferentiated externally in some specimens, located mesially to base of maxillary one. Nasal barbel vestigially represented by posterior elongated portion of fold around anterior naris described above, with double internal elastin core.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[794,1418,218,467]" lastBlockId="63.[94,719,218,1331]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Lateral line short and straight, extending alongside dorsal margin of anterior portion of axillary gland. Terminal lateral-line pore immediately dorsal to axillary gland opening. Very short secondary branch splitting off ventrally from proximal portion of main canal, with corresponding pore opening anteriorly to midlength of main canal. Single lateral-line tubule straight, poorly calcified, extending for most of main canal posterior to bifurcation.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617524" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7617524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617524/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" startId="61.[94,153,1000,1025]" targetBox="[94,1417,479,970]" targetPageId="61">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[94,1417,1000,1057]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Figure 36.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,405,1000,1025]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Dagosta" authorityYear="2022" box="[192,401,1000,1025]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Paracanthopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanica">Paracanthopoma satanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype,ANSP 178231,25.4 mm SL.Peru, Dept.Loreto,Maynas,Caño Sabalito.(A) Lateral view of body;(B) Dorsal view of head;(C) ventral view of head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617528" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7617528" box="[94,1133,2106,2131]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617528/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" startId="61.[94,153,2106,2131]" targetBox="[94,1417,1075,2077]" targetPageId="61">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="61.[94,1133,2106,2131]" box="[94,1133,2106,2131]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Figure 37.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[191,404,2106,2131]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Dagosta" authorityYear="2022" box="[191,400,2106,2131]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Paracanthopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanica">Paracanthopoma satanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
paratype,ANSP 178231,SEM images of head.(A) Dorsal;(B)Ventral.Scale bar = 500 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617530" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7617530" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617530/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" startId="62.[170,229,2074,2099]" targetBox="[170,1493,204,2044]" targetPageId="62">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="62.[170,1493,2074,2131]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Figure 38.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[266,479,2074,2099]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Dagosta" authorityYear="2022" box="[266,475,2074,2099]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Paracanthopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanica">Paracanthopoma satanica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype,ANSP 178231, CT scan images of head skeleton,(A) Lateral;(B) Dorsal;(C)Ventral.Specimen poorly calcified,some structures not properly shown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="63.[94,719,218,1331]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Pectoral fin medium-sized (64.4-78.6% HL), aproximately 75% of HL, with gently convex distal margin. First ray longer than others in few specimens. Pectoral-fin rays i + 5, its base on ventral side of body. Pelvic fin small, separated from each other at base, with i + 4 rays. Pelvic splint present. Origin of pelvics close to origin of anal fin, anterior to vertical through origin of dorsal-fin, entirely covering anus and urogenital papilla and extending posteriorly to origin of anal fin. Posterior margin of pelvic fin gently convex. Dorsal fin elongate, roughly triangular with roundish edge and gently convex distal margin. Dorsal-fin rays ii + 6, plus 5 or 6 procurrent ones. Anal fin similar in shape to dorsal fin, with ii + 5 rays, plus 6 procurrent ones. Origin of anal fin at or slightly posterior to vertical through origin of dorsal-fin. Anal fin with same size, slightly smaller or slightly larger than dorsal one. Caudal fin squarish, truncate with round edges, slightly convex in some specimens, less deep than maximum depth of caudal peduncle. Principal caudal-fin rays 5 + 6 (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[101,204,1018,1043]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) or 6 + 6. Procurrent caudal-fin rays 32 dorsally and 30 or 32 ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="63.[94,719,218,1331]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Vertebrae 42 (n = 6) or 43 (n = 1). First dorsal-fin pterygiophore subsequent to neural spine of vertebra 21 (n = 1) or 22 (n = 1). First anal-fin pterygiophore subsequent to haemal spine of vertebra 21 (n = 1) or 22 (n = 1). Dorsal-fin pterygiophores 7 (n = 1) or 8 (n = 2), when later, last element vestigial. Anal-fin pterygiophores 6 (n = 2). Branchiostegal rays 3 or 4, when later, first element vestigial.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="63.[94,719,1370,2131]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[94,462,1370,1395]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Pigmentation in preservative:</emphasis>
|
||
Body almost entirely white. Sparse isolated dark chromatophores irregularly scattered along dorsum, extending along base of dorsal fin and anterior portion of dorsal edge of caudal peduncle. Isolated dark chromatophores spread over dorsal sides of abdominal wall, exposed only in specimens with distended abdomens, otherwise hidden along limit between abdominal cavity and trunk musculature. Neurocranium with dark brain pigment forming irregular spots seen by transparency. Smaller and less dense integumentary chromatophores along margins of neurocranium, extending anteriorly between eyes and nostrils and onto dorsolateral portion of snout. Margins of snout white. Olfactory capsule outlined as dark ring. Posterior nostril always with small dark spot in its interi- or. Few chromatophores sometimes along dorsal margin of opercular odontodophore. Some specimens with few dark markings on anterior portion of median premaxilla in ventral view. Regular series of spots, one per vertebra, along caudal peduncle, formed mostly by internal chromatophores on individual vertebrae, visible by transparency and gradually fading anteriorly. Scattered spots across base of caudal-fin rays, sometimes forming short irregular vertical line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="63.[794,1417,218,339]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,929,218,243]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
Satanicus is an adjective (treated as Latin) derived from the Hebrew verb satan, meaning literally "to oppose″, but commonly used to refer to an enemy or the devil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="63.[794,1418,378,467]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,1107,378,403]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Geographical distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pinna & Dagosta" authorityYear="2022" box="[1112,1395,378,403]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Paracanthopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="satanica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1112,1395,378,403]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Paracanthopoma satanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from a single locality in a tributary to the upper Amazon drainage in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1022,1072,442,467]" name="Peru" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1085,1161,442,467]" captionStart="Figure 45" captionStartId="74.[170,229,669,694]" captionTargetBox="[170,788,204,639]" captionTargetId="figure-821@74.[170,794,204,639]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Figure 45. Map of northern South America showing geographical distribution of Paracanthopoma saci (square); Pc. satanica (5-tip star); Pc.truculenta (dot); and Pc. vampyra (10-tip star). Open symbols represent type localities. Some symbols may represent more than a single locality or lot of specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7617546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7617546/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="63.[794,1418,506,915]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[794,892,506,531]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
There are
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1019,1206,506,531]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in the type series with distended abdomens obviously full of coagulated blood, the smallest of which is
|
||
<quantity box="[1144,1242,570,595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="15.6">15.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL. Some
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="63" pageNumber="64">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are gravid females with the abdomen distended both by the ovaries and by blood in the gut. The eggs are yellowish in color and firm to the touch,clearly distinguishable from the white and soft adipose bodies loated nearby.In the fullest female,the egg distribution extends superficially along the lateral surface of the posterior two-thirds of the abdominal cavity, in an arrangement progressively narrower posteriorly. There are at least 50 tightly packed eggs on each side, the largest of which are approximately
|
||
<quantity box="[960,1042,890,915]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |