1565 lines
189 KiB
XML
1565 lines
189 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973" ID-PMC="PMC4154306" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-40-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" ID-PubMed="25197228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576244" ModsDocID="1314-2003-40-1" checkinTime="1451251714908" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="de Lange, Peter J." docDate="2014" docId="DACB246DD6009BF403AAD9030E45AE28" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 40: 1-185" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 40" docPubDate="2014-08-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973" docTitle="Kunzea robusta de Lange et Toelken 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" masterDocTitle="A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1668141164457" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>de Lange, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2014-08-26</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>40</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>185</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-40-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576244</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025371" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DACB246DD6009BF403AAD9030E45AE28" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DACB246DD6009BF403AAD9030E45AE28" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
10.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="DACB246D-D600-9BF4-03AA-D9030E45AE28" authority="de Lange et Toelken" authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta" status="sp. nov.">Kunzea robusta de Lange et Toelken</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="84" pageNumber="85">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="latin">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">A K. ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. habitu heterophyllo, indumento in ramulis adultis persistenti sericeo abundanti plerumque antrorso-appresso raro interdum pilis divergentibus, fructibus late obconicis vel turbinatis raro cupulatis plerumque pubescentibus differt. Etiam propriis chromosomatibus recedit.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Holotype of Kunzea robusta de Lange et Toelken (P. J. de Lange 4647, AK 288521)." pageId="84" pageNumber="85">52</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
New Zealand, North Island, Raukumara Ecological Region, Motu Ecological District, above Papatea Bay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-37.666668">37°40'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="177" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="177.83333">177°50'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 60 m a.s.l. 'On road
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="85" pageNumber="86" start="start">side</pageBreakToken>
|
||
cliff face growing on heavily eroded clay overlying fractured
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="greywacke’">greywacke'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. P. J. de Lange 4647, 22 Oct 2004, AK 288521! Isotype AD! CHR!
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="85" pageNumber="86" start="Figure 52" startId="F52">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figure 52.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Lange et Toelken (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. J. de Lange 4647</emphasis>
|
||
, AK 288521).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">robusta</emphasis>
|
||
alludes to the stature of mature trees of this species which can, under stable conditions, attain 30 m tall and trunks of up to 1 m d.b.h.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Description</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta. A Flowering branchlets of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) B Fruiting branchlet (AK 285561) C Flowering branchlets of eastern North Island variant, (AK 288499) D Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 285561) E Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 285561) F Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 285561) G Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 285561) H Stamens (ex cult. AK 285561) I Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 285561). Scale bars: (A-C) 10 mm; (D-I) 1 mm." pageId="85" pageNumber="86">53</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta continued. J Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) K Seedling of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Albany Scenic Reserve) L Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) M Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) N Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) O Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) P Leaf variation within two individuals (P 1) North Island, Auckland, Green Bay (no voucher), (P 2), North Island, Hapuakohe Range, Wai Iti Road, (ex cult. AK 285561) Q Leaf variation: (Q 1) North Island, Cavalli Island (AK 150268), (Q 2) North Island, Whangaroa Harbour (AK 226190), (Q 3) North Island, Puketi (AK 169749), (Q 4) North Island, Mangatoa Stream (AK 254925), (Q 5) North Island, Mokohinau Islands group (AK 226069), (Q 6) North Island, Puhoi (AK 250787), (Q 7) North Island, Waikawau Bay (AK 245109), (Q 8) North Island, Mangatawhiri Valley (AK 208449), (Q 9) North Island, Kauaeranga Valley (AK 242671), (Q 10) North Island, Whangamarino (AK 242673), (Q 11) North Island, Hamilton, Hammond Bush (AK 207190), (Q 12) North Island, Kohioawa Beach (AK 287041), (Q 13) North Island, Moutohora (Whale Island) (AK 289818), (Q 14) North Island, Whakatane, Kohi Point (AK 289950), (Q 15) North Island, Torere (AK 289977), (Q 16) North Island, Hicks Bay (AK 285565), (Q 17) North Island, Haupara Point (AK 288506), (Q 18) North Island, Ruatoria (AK 286087), (Q 19) North Island, Awaroa Scenic Reserve (AK 287864), (Q 20) North Island, Lake Okataina (AK 288229), (Q 21) North Island, Whakamaru (AK 288041), (Q 22) North Island, Lake Waikaremoana (AK 287026), (Q 23) North Island, Tangarakau River (AK 286129), (Q 24) North Island, Kaweka Range (AK 288045), (Q 25) North Island, Mahia Peninsula (AK 286160), (Q 26) North Island, Frasertown (AK 287040), (Q 27) North Island, Tangoio (AK 286251), (Q 28) North Island, Kawhatau River (AK 288075), (Q 29) North Island, Oroua (AK 288048), (Q 30) North Island, Pohangina River (AK 288047), (Q 31) North Island, Foxton (AK 288695), (Q 32) North Island, Mangatainoka River (AK 289513), (Q 33) North Island, Upper Tauweru River (AK 288023), (Q 34) North Island, Putangirua Pinnacles (AK 287531), (Q 35) South Island, D'Urville Island (AK 288513), (Q 36) South Island Port Underwood (AK 288592), (Q 37) South Island, Waima River (AK 286221), (Q 38) South Island, Clarence River (AK 288569), (Q 39) South Island, Happy Valley (AK 285567), (Q 40) South Island, Banks Peninsula (AK 286135), (Q 41) South Island, Buller River, near Westport (AK 288441), (Q 42) South Island, Dunedin (AK 288441). Scale Bars: (J, L-N) 1 mm; (K, P, Q) 10 mm; (O) 0.5 mm." pageId="85" pageNumber="86">54</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 55. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (common variant). (A-C all AK 285565) Branchlet indumentum D-F Seeds (AK 285565). Scale bars: (A) 1 mm; (B) 100 μm; (C) 10 μm; (D) 1 mm; (E, F) 100 μm." pageId="85" pageNumber="86">55</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 56. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (Rangitikei variant). A-H all AK 288076 A-B Branchlet indumentum of juvenile C-H Branchlet indumentum of adult." pageId="85" pageNumber="86">56</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 57" captionStartId="F57" captionText="Figure 57. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (eastern North Island variant). A-D all AK 286067, Branchlet indumentum. Scale bars: (A, C) 1 mm; (B) 100 μm; (D) 50 μm." pageId="85" pageNumber="86">57</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. Kunzea robusta. A Kunzea robusta in full flower as an emergent in Kauri (Agathis australis) dominated forest, North Island, Waitakere Ranges (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Adult tree of Kunzea robusta showing distinctive growth habit and broad, spreading canopy, North Island, Auckland City (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Trunk and lower branches of Kunzea robusta showing branching pattern and bark (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea robusta young trees of the common variant in full flower, North Island, Auckland, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Kunzea robusta example of the fine-leaved eastern North Island variant, Hawke's Bay, Tangoio (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Young tree of Kunzea robusta in open pasture showing branching from base, North Island, near Wairoa (photo: P. J. de Lange) G Kunzea robusta tree protruding from Cupressus macrocarpa stump in pasture, North Island, Wairarapa (photo: J. E. Braggins); (H-M) Kunzea robusta bark types: (H) North Island, Wairakei I North Island, Kendal's Bay J North Island, Hunua Range, (K, L) North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River M Bark flakes showing narrowly, tabular shape and regular margins, North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River (photos: P. J. de Lange) N Flowering branchlets, North Island, Green Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) O Kunzea robusta holotype tree in full flower, North Island Papatea Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) P Close up of flowers, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) (photo: G. M. Crowcroft)." pageId="85" pageNumber="86">58</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="start">Growth</pageBreakToken>
|
||
habit
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
trees (8-)20-25(-30) m tall, rarely decumbent shrubs up to 1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3 m; trees, depending on local conditions, mostly forming broad spreading canopies; in exposed situations branching at or close to the trunk base, while those growing in dense stands or sheltered sites usually with the lower 50-75% of the trunk devoid of branches.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Trunk</emphasis>
|
||
1(-6) erect, 0.10-0.65(-1.0) m d.b.h.; mature trees usually devoid of branches for at least the first 1-3 m, basal portion of trunks covered with firm to semi-detached, stringy to coarsely tessellated, corky-coriaceous bark.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Bark</emphasis>
|
||
early bark subcoriaceous, grey-brown, cinnamon brown or dark brown, elongate, usually bearing deep transverse cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) otherwise firmly attached, margins elongate, sinuous,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark either stringy, or coarsely tessellated, mostly corky-coriaceous, though in dense forest stands tending toward subcoriaceous or chartaceous, firmly attached above, detaching basally, often hanging semidetached; peeling upwards along trunk in narrow to broad, tabular strips up to 4 m long, margins
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
entire to weakly irregular, usually straight; upper surface either
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
smooth with coarsely tessellated but firm upper surface, or deeply and longitudinally corrugated and cracked (rarely peeling); early bark flakes usually crumbling in hand, old bark strips firm and not crumbling, snapping with a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
entire margin.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Branches</emphasis>
|
||
initially arising from or close to trunk base; these initial branches progressively dying, such that branches are increasingly confined to the upper 50-75% of trunk. Branches weakly flexuose or not, initially erect, soon arching outwards and spreading with distal ends mostly erect, rarely with whole branch or distal portion completely pendulous; branchlets numerous, slender, clustered toward branch ends,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
quadrangular to subterete, with leaves
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
evenly spaced along length or in exposed situations, crowded toward apices; branchlets sericeous, indumentum copious, hairs hyaline to translucent (appearing white when young, maturing grey); mostly either long or short antrorse-appressed; if long, then usually weakly flexuose hairs 0.15-0.20(-0.38) mm long; if short, not flexuose, 0.09-0.15 mm long. In eastern Coromandel Peninsula and coastal East Cape to near Mahia Peninsula, branchlet indumentum in mixtures of mainly short (0.03-)0.05(-0.08) mm long divergent hairs, and sparse, 0.1-0.2 mm long, antrorse-appressed hairs (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 57" captionStartId="F57" captionText="Figure 57. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (eastern North Island variant). A-D all AK 286067, Branchlet indumentum. Scale bars: (A, C) 1 mm; (B) 100 μm; (D) 50 μm." pageId="86" pageNumber="87">57A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the Rangitikei region, seedling and juvenile plants up to 2 m tall have branchlet hairs mostly divergent, short (0.04-)0.08(-0.10)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Vegetative buds</emphasis>
|
||
conspicuous; at resting stage 0.3-2.8 mm diam., ovoid to broadly ellipsoid; scales scarious, deciduous or persistent, 0.6-0.8(-1.4) mm long, amber, red-brown to wine-red, basally broadly ovate, grading through ovate-deltoid to broadly lanceolate, cuspidate; midrib prominent, strongly keeled, prolonged to short cuspidate tip, lateral veins absent, colliculate, with oil glands, scattered, colourless, drying the same colour as the scale body, apical scale margins, keel, and keel apex copiously covered in long, white, sericeous hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
with distinct juvenile and adult forms, sessile to shortly petiolate, well spaced to crowded along branchlets, spreading, suberect to patent, flat to weakly recurved in apical 30-50%, light green or dark green above, paler beneath; oblanceolate, broadly oblanceolate, broadly lanceolate, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, rarely elliptic to obovate; apex subacute to acute, rarely obtuse, rostrate or shortly apiculate, base attenuate to narrowly attenuate; adaxial surface flat, weakly convex to slightly v-shaped; oil glands up to 600, evident when fresh, becoming more conspicuous when dry, midrib very slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, leaf base finely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs, glabrate; abaxial surface slightly concave to flat or v-shaped in apical recurved portion otherwise weakly concave, finely glandular punctate, oil glands abundant up to 500, more evident when dry; midrib slightly raised for entire length, prolonged slightly at apex, hairs as for adaxial surface; lamina margin initially finely covered with a thin often interrupted band of 0.2-0.8 mm long, flexuose, spreading to antrorse-appressed hairs not or rarely meeting at apex; hairs mostly shedding with age, usually with only the basal portion
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
retained. Lamina of juvenile plants from mainly coastal areas and northern North Island (14.6-)19.0(-28.4)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.6-)2.2(-2.5) mm; from inland areas, especially the Rangitikei, central and northern Wairarapa and Mt Egmont, (3.2-)4.6(-6.3)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.7-)1.2(-1.5) mm; adult lamina of plants from mainly coastal areas and northern North Island (4.9-)14.2(-20.1)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.9-)1.7(-3.0) mm; from inland areas, especially from the central North Island, Rangitikei, Wairarapa, and Central Otago (5.8-)9.3(-12.3)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.2-)1.8(-2.2).
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Perules</emphasis>
|
||
usually very conspicuous, rarely obscured by surrounding leaves; at resting stage 1.9-3.0 mm diam., broad ovoid, ovoid, narrow-ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, squamiform; scales scarious, persistent, 0.6-1.0(-1.6) mm long, red-brown to red, basally broadly ovate, grading through ovate-deltoid to broadly lanceolate, cuspidate; midrib prominent, becoming even more on old or dried specimens, strongly keeled, prolonged to a short cuspidate tip (this becoming more obvious on drying), lateral veins absent, colliculate, with oil glands, scattered, colourless, drying the same colour as the scale body, upper scale margins, keel, and keel apex copiously covered in long, white, silky hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Inflorescence</emphasis>
|
||
mostly a compact corymbiform to shortly elongate (1-)12(-30)-flowered botryum up to 60 mm long; usually on brachyblasts with the terminal shoot corymbiform or extending toward the end of the flowering season as a slightly longer (up to 80 mm long) 4-12-flowered, elongate botryum; flowers usually crowded, terminal portion usually bearing undeveloped flowers and dormant vegetative bud or active vegetative growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested with short, spreading to antrorse-appressed silky hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pherophylls</emphasis>
|
||
deciduous or more or less persistent; squamiform grading into foliose; squamiform pherophylls tightly clasping pedicels, 0.4-1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3-0.6 mm, red-brown to brown, broadly to narrowly deltoid or lanceolate, apex acute, subacute to obtuse, weakly keeled, upper keel and margins finely ciliate; foliose pherophylls spreading, flat or weakly recurved, (6.0-)9.0(-17.9)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.1-)1.2(-1.8) mm, green, elliptic, oblanceolate, broadly lanceolate to lanceolate, apex obtuse, cuspidate, base attenuate; adaxial surface usually convex to weakly v-shaped, oil glands 10-30(-50), midrib slightly raised near base, evident for rest of length, basally covered in sparse to dense, antrorse-appressed, silky hairs; abaxial surface flat or weakly convex, glandular punctate, oil glands 20-40; midrib raised for most of length, densely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs to apex, lamina margin obscured by dense covering of antrorse-appressed hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pedicels</emphasis>
|
||
(1.2-)3.8(-5.2) mm long at anthesis, usually elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, sparsely to densely invested in antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, silky hairs.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Flower buds</emphasis>
|
||
pyriform to obconic, apex flat or weakly domed prior to bud burst; calyx valves not meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (4.3-)7.7(-12.0) mm diam., usually reducing in size toward end of flowering season.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hypanthium</emphasis>
|
||
(2.1-)3.1(-4.1)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3.0-)3.9(-5.2) mm, with free portion 0.4-0.9 mm long, dark green or red-green, drying green-brown or red-brown; mostly broadly obconic to turbinate, sometimes cupular, terminating in dark-green to red-green coriaceous rim bearing five persistent calyx lobes. Hypanthium surface when fresh faintly ribbed and sparingly dotted with pink or colourless oil glands, these drying dull yellow-brown or brown; either finely pubescent with the ribs and veins conspicuously covered in longer silky, antrorse-appressed hairs, or glabrous; hypanthium similar when dry though with the ribs more strongly defined and clearly leading up to calyx lobes. Calyx lobes 5, persistent, mostly spreading, coriaceous, (0.52-)0.83(-1.1)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.60-)0.90(-1.4) mm, pale green to red-green, broadly ovate, ovate-truncate to broadly obtuse, weakly keeled, external face of keel usually obscured by a broad band of antrorse-appressed, silky, white hairs, otherwise glabrous; margins white or pale green often flushed pink, surface somewhat sparsely glandular punctate, oil glands
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
colourless when fresh drying dark yellow to yellow-brown, otherwise glabrate. Receptacle green or pink at anthesis, consistently darkening to crimson after fertilisation.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Petals</emphasis>
|
||
5(-6), (1.5-)2.6(-3.8)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.3-)2.6(-3.6) mm, white, rarely pink (sometimes drying pale yellow or cream), spreading, orbicular, suborbicular to ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, margins
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
finely and irregularly denticulate or crimped 1-6 or more times, rarely entire, oil glands colourless, drying opaque or grey.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Stamens</emphasis>
|
||
(15-)33(-58) in 2 weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments white. Antipetalous stamens 3-5(-6) sometimes petaloid, antisepalous stamens (3-)5(-8). Outermost antipetalous stamens usually outcurved, sometimes weakly incurved or in mixtures of both on filaments 1.5-4.6(-5) mm long, inner stamens usually at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair (0.8-)2.3-3.1 mm, weakly incurved. Antisepalous stamens mostly shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, sometimes of comparable length, generally 0.6-1.2 mm, weakly to strongly incurved, very rarely a few outcurved. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.38-0.63
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.18-0.32 mm, ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid or deltoid, latrorse. Pollen white (9.1-)14.7(-15.1)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Anther connective gland prominent, light pink, salmon pink, yellow to orange when fresh, drying dark orange, orange-brown or dark brown, spheroidal, finely rugulose or papillate.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ovary</emphasis>
|
||
5(-6) locular, each with 15-26(-36) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 2.0-2.5(-3.5) mm long at anthesis, elongating slightly after anthesis, white or pinkish-white; stigma broadly capitate, at least 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
style diam., flat, greenish-white or pale pink, flushing red after anthesis, surface finely granular-papillate.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fruits</emphasis>
|
||
mostly all falling within 1-2 months of seed dehiscence, but a few long persistent, (2.2-)3.8(-4.6)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3.2-)4.0(-5.3) mm, initially dark green to chesnut-brown fading with age to greyish white, obconic, broadly obconic to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
turbinate, rarely cupular; veins and ribs
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
conspicuous on drying; external surface distinctly hairy, very rarely glabrescent or glabrous; hairs short to long antrorse-appressed; calyx valves incurved, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
0.9-1.0(-1.1)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.35-0.40(-0.48) mm, oblong, oblong-obovate, oblong-elliptic, curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2-3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute, base oblique,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Aug-)Nov-Jan-Feb(-Jun). FT: (Jul-)Feb-Apr(-May). Chromosome Number
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 11II, 2
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 22, 23 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 53" startId="F53">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figure 53.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguishing features of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering branchlets of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
||
Fruiting branchlet (AK 285561)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering branchlets of eastern North Island variant, (AK 288499)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
|
||
Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 285561)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
|
||
Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 285561)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
|
||
Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 285561)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G</emphasis>
|
||
Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 285561)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">H</emphasis>
|
||
Stamens (ex cult. AK 285561)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">I</emphasis>
|
||
Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 285561). Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
) 10 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">D-I</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 54" startId="F54">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figure 54.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguishing features of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
continued.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">J</emphasis>
|
||
Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">K</emphasis>
|
||
Seedling of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Albany Scenic Reserve)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">L</emphasis>
|
||
Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">M</emphasis>
|
||
Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">N</emphasis>
|
||
Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">O</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf variation within two individuals (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P1</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Auckland, Green Bay (no voucher), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P2</emphasis>
|
||
), North Island, Hapuakohe Range, Wai Iti Road, (ex cult. AK 285561)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf variation: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q1</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Cavalli Island (AK 150268), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q2</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Whangaroa Harbour (AK 226190), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q3</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Puketi (AK 169749), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q4</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Mangatoa Stream (AK 254925), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q5</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Mokohinau Islands group (AK 226069), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q6</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Puhoi (AK 250787), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q7</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Waikawau Bay (AK 245109), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q8</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Mangatawhiri Valley (AK 208449), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q9</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Kauaeranga Valley (AK 242671), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q10</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Whangamarino (AK 242673), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q11</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Hamilton, Hammond Bush (AK 207190), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q12</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Kohioawa Beach (AK 287041), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q13</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Moutohora (Whale Island) (AK 289818), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q14</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Whakatane, Kohi Point (AK 289950), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q15</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Torere (AK 289977), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q16</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Hicks Bay (AK 285565), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q17</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Haupara Point (AK 288506), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q18</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Ruatoria (AK 286087), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q19</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Awaroa Scenic Reserve (AK 287864), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q20</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Lake Okataina (AK 288229), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q21</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Whakamaru (AK 288041), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q22</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Lake Waikaremoana (AK 287026), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q23</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Tangarakau River (AK 286129), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q24</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Kaweka Range (AK 288045), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q25</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Mahia Peninsula (AK 286160), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q26</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Frasertown (AK 287040), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q27</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Tangoio (AK 286251), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q28</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Kawhatau River (AK 288075), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q29</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Oroua (AK 288048), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q30</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Pohangina River (AK 288047), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q31</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Foxton (AK 288695), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q32</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Mangatainoka River (AK 289513), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q33</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Upper Tauweru River (AK 288023), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q34</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Putangirua Pinnacles (AK 287531), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q35</emphasis>
|
||
) South Island,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Urville">D'Urville</normalizedToken>
|
||
Island (AK 288513), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q36</emphasis>
|
||
) South Island Port Underwood (AK 288592), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q37</emphasis>
|
||
) South Island, Waima River (AK 286221), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q38</emphasis>
|
||
) South Island, Clarence River (AK 288569), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q39</emphasis>
|
||
) South Island, Happy Valley (AK 285567), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q40</emphasis>
|
||
) South Island, Banks Peninsula (AK 286135), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q41</emphasis>
|
||
) South Island, Buller River, near Westport (AK 288441), (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Q42</emphasis>
|
||
) South Island, Dunedin (AK 288441). Scale Bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">J, L-N</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">K, P, Q</emphasis>
|
||
) 10 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">O</emphasis>
|
||
) 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 55" startId="F55">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figure 55.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning Electron Micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(common variant). (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
all AK 285565) Branchlet indumentum
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">D-F</emphasis>
|
||
Seeds (AK 285565). Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
||
) 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
||
) 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
|
||
) 1mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
) 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 56" startId="F56">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figure 56.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning Electron Micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Rangitikei variant).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A-H</emphasis>
|
||
all AK 288076
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A-B</emphasis>
|
||
Branchlet indumentum of juvenile
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">C-H</emphasis>
|
||
Branchlet indumentum of adult.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 57" startId="F57">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figure 57.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning Electron Micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(eastern North Island variant).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
all AK 286067, Branchlet indumentum. Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A, C</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
||
) 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
|
||
) 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="86" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 58" startId="F58">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figure 58.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in full flower as an emergent in Kauri (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Coniferopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Agathis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agathis australis" order="Pinales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Agathis australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) dominated forest, North Island, Waitakere Ranges (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
|
||
Adult tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing distinctive growth habit and broad, spreading canopy, North Island, Auckland City (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
|
||
Trunk and lower branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing branching pattern and bark (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
young trees of the common variant in full flower, North Island, Auckland, Western Springs (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
example of the fine-leaved eastern North Island variant,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawke’s">Hawke's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bay, Tangoio (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
|
||
Young tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in open pasture showing branching from base, North Island, near Wairoa (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tree protruding from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Coniferopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cupressus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cupressus macrocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Cupressus macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stump in pasture, North Island, Wairarapa (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">J. E. Braggins</emphasis>
|
||
); (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">H-M</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bark types: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">H</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Wairakei
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">I</emphasis>
|
||
North Island,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kendal’s">Kendal's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bay
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">J</emphasis>
|
||
North Island, Hunua Range, (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">K, L</emphasis>
|
||
) North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">M</emphasis>
|
||
Bark flakes showing narrowly, tabular shape and regular margins, North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River (photos:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">N</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering branchlets, North Island, Green Bay (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">O</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype tree in full flower, North Island Papatea Bay (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">P</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of flowers, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. M. Crowcroft</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="representative specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Representative specimens</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">(620 sheets seen).</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">New Zealand (North Island).</emphasis>
|
||
Mangamuka Gorge Scenic Reserve, P. J. de Lange 4138, 17 Jan 2000, (AK 287965); Maropiu, Omamari Road, Te Kawa Stream, P. J. de Lange 4202 & L. J. Forester, 21 Jan 2000, (AK 288034, Duplicate: AD); Pakiri, Rahuikiri Beach Road, P. J. de Lange 5532 & G. M. Crowcroft, 5 Oct 2002, (AK 283235); Ponui Island, unnamed stream
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="87" pageNumber="88" start="start">draining</pageBreakToken>
|
||
south to Motunau Bay, P. J. de Lange 6688 & E. K. Cameron, 16 Oct 2005, (AK 297493), Auckland City, Western Springs, P. J. de Lange 4619 & M. A. Crowcroft, 30 Oct 2000, (AK 288078, Duplicate: AD); Mauku, Bald Hills, Manukau, H. Carse s.n., 15 Nov 1901, (CHR 296314); Coromandel Peninsula, Moehau Range, Little Moehau, P. J. de Lange 4742, 2 Dec 2000, (AK 287038, Duplicate: AD); Whangamarino, Falls Road, P. J. de Lange 4015, 23 Nov 1999, (AK 242673); Hamilton City, Waikato River, Delamere Street, P. J. de Lange 1195, 6 Jan 1992, (AK 207191, Duplicates: AD, BISH, CHR, HO); Te Kauri Scenic Reserve, Waikuku Valley, Devlin Track, P. J. de Lange 4265 & P. de Lange, 29 Jan 2000, (AK 286134, Duplicates: AD, NSW); Kohioawa Beach, Ohinekoao Cliffs, P. J. de Lange 5325, 25 Oct 2001, AK
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="88" pageNumber="89" start="start">287041</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Duplicates: AD, HO); Whirinaki Forest, Arohaki Lagoon, southern end, P. J. de Lange 6690 & P. B. Cashmore, 15 Mar 2006, (AK 297496); Taupo, Rotongaio, R. H. Steele s.n., 7 Feb 1964, (WELTU 3048); 3 km east of Matiere, P. J. de Lange 4337, 31 Jul 2000, (AK 286126, Duplicates: AD, MEL); Mt Egmont National Park, Mt Taranaki/Egmont, Dawson Falls (Manaia Road End), J. Clarkson s.n. & S. Caldwell, 26 Jan 2007, (AK 298312, Duplicate: AD, CHR, MEL, NSW, WELT); Lottin Point Road, Otanga, P. J. de Lange 4649, 8 Nov 2000, (AK 288520, Duplicates: AD, MSC, P, WAIK); Gisborne Plains, Mangaoporo River, P. J. de Lange 4653, 8 Nov 2000, (AK 286067, Duplicate: AD, WELT); Mahia Peninsula, Whangawehi Stream, P. J. de Lange 4660, 9 Nov 2000, (AK 286161, Duplicate: AD);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hawke’s">Hawke's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Bay, Tangoio, Te Ngaru Stream, P. J. de Lange 4670, 9 Nov 2000, (AK 286251, Duplicate: AD, CHR); 4 km southwest of Horopito, above Makotuku River, P. J. de Lange 4245 & N. J. D. Singers, 27 Jan 2000, (AK 288038, Duplicate: AD); Kawhatau River, Kawhatau Valley Road, P. J. de Lange 4379, 10 Aug 2000, (AK 288076, Duplicate: AD); Whangaehu River Mouth, Whitiau Scientific Reserve, C. C. Ogle 4887 & A. Dijkgraaf, 15 Dec 2004, (AK 297361); east of Puketoi Range, Waihoke, A. P. Druce s.n., Dec 1973, (CHR 273332); eastern Wairarapa, 3 km west of Whakataki, P. J. de Lange 649 & G. M. Crowcroft, 9 Jan 1991, (AK 202104, Duplicate; AD); Upper Hutt, Trentham, W. M. Fleming s.n., 6 Jan 1965, (WELTU 17697).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Poor Knights Islands.</emphasis>
|
||
Tawhiti Rahi, near Puketuaho, G. R. Parrish s.n., 18 Sep 2006, (AK 297487, Duplicate: AD).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Mokohinau Islands.</emphasis>
|
||
Motukino (Fanal Island), E. K. Cameron 7717 & P. J. de Lange, 15 Sep 1994, (AK 226069);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hauturu (Little Barrier Island).</emphasis>
|
||
Te Maraeroa, J. P. Burrell s.n., Dec 1962, (OTA 7350).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Aotea (Great Barrier Island).</emphasis>
|
||
Whangaparapara Road, near Stamping Battery Remains, P. J. de Lange 4546 & G. M. Crowcroft, 8 Oct 2000, (AK 251367, Duplicate: AD).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">New Zealand (South Island).</emphasis>
|
||
Wangapeka Valley, R. Mason s.n., 22 Dec 1946, (CHR 58115); Fairdown, P. J. de Lange 4783 & P. I. Knightbridge, 4 Dec 2000, (AK 288488, Duplicate: CHR); D'Urville Island, Catherine Cove, Kiangawari, Pylon Track, P. J. de Lange 5057 & G. M. Crowcroft, 19 Jan 2001, (AK 288511, Duplicate: AD); Queen Charlotte Sound, Green Bay, P. B. Heenan s.n., 8 Jan 2004, (CHR 569892); Rarangi - Golf Links Road, P. J. de Lange 5115, 23 Jan 2001, (AK 288571, Duplicate: AD); Waima (Ure) River, Ure Road, P. J. de Lange 5448 & G. M. Crowcroft, 4 Nov 2001, (AK 286221); Motunau Settlement Road, Water Supply Creek, QE II Covenant, P. J. de Lange 5104, 21 Jan 2001, (AK 288517) (Duplicate: AD); Port Levy, Banks Peninsula, B. H. Macmillan 66/4, 1 Jan 1966, (CHR 166497); Grey River, Atarau Road, P. J. de Lange 4809 & P. I. Knightbridge, 8 Dec 2000, (AK 288289, Duplicates: AD); Old Christchurch Road, nr Okuku Reservoir, Kawhaka Road, P. J. de Lange 4811 & P. I. Knightbridge, 8 Dec 2000, (AK 288288, Duplicates: AD, CHR, HO); Lake Wanaka, T. Kirk 957, 6 Jan 1877, (WELT SP029439); Trotters Gorge, P. B. Heenan s.n., 9 Jan 2003, (CHR 567749); Otago Peninsula, Pikikaretu Beach, J. P. Burrell K25, 21 Mar 1962, (OTA 7376); Taieri River Mouth, J. P. Burrell K23, 6 Feb 1962, (OTA 7370); Dunstan Mountains, Bendigo, J. P. Burrell s.n., 26 Dec 1961, (OTA 7362); Roxburgh Dam, near Chasm, L. B. Moore s.n., 17 Dec 1969, (CHR 132250);
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="start">Queensberry</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, A. P. Druce APD1388, Jan 1992, (CHR 471980); Clutha River, South of Balclutha, J. P. Burrell K15, 14 Feb 1962, (OTA 7367).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Distribution of Kunzea robusta." pageId="89" pageNumber="90">59</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic. New Zealand, North and South Islands (sea level - 1000 m a.s.l.). In the North Island widespread with the exception of Te Paki and the sand tombolo of Te Aupouri. Scarce in Taranaki, from where
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Eagle's Complete Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="234 - 239" refId="B34" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2006. . Eagle's Complete Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand Vol. 1: 234 - 239" volume="Vol. 1" year="2006">de Lange (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(treated there as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides subsp. aff." order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">Kunzea aff. ericoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B)) had erroneously stated that the species was absent from Mt Taranaki/Egmont because at that time the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on that mountain were believed to represent another allied, but potentially distinct, species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides subsp. aff." order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">Kunzea aff. ericoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(f) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="117 - 131" publicationUrl="10.1071/SB04043" refId="B44" refString="de Lange, PJ, Datson, PM, Murray, BG, Toelken, HR, 2005. Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 117 - 131, DOI: 10.1071/SB04043" title="Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses." url="10.1071/SB04043" volume="18" year="2005">de Lange et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the southern one-third of the North Island, it appears to be absent from Kapiti Island from where only
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has thus far been collected. In the South Island,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although wide ranging, is often absent over large parts of seemingly suitable habit. It is also naturally absent from most of north and south-west Nelson where it is replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, in the extreme north-west,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, occasional trees and stands grow near Wangapeka and in places along the Buller River. It was also planted around Totaranui, Abel Tasman National Park from where it began to naturalise.Those plantings have now been eradicated. On the West Coast, in an area centred on Fairdown, Westport, and Cape Foulwind and also within the lower Grey River catchment,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is locally abundant. It also grows to the west of the main divide along the upper Ahaura River, below Mt Ranunculus, and on the foothills of the Alexandra Range. South of here,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is scarce with only isolated, mainly roadside stands present near Kumara and Hokitika. The close association of these stands to roadsides suggests that the stands may not be natural, or that the species has benefited from the frequent disturbance caused by road construction and ongoing maintenance. Occasional trees of this species have also been collected from Okarito (e.g., B. H. Macmillian 97/22 & E. H. Woods (CHR 512939)) where they occur as planted specimens and from which source it is now naturalising. In the eastern South Island this species is more widespread, though initially strictly as a coastal and lowland tree of the Marlborough Sounds south to about North Canterbury. In North Canterbury,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occasionally extends well inland up the river valleys where it is sympatric with and eventually replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea serotina" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. South of there, on Banks Peninsula,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be the only species present, while on the adjacent Canterbury Plains it is completely replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea serotina" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until, on the slightly more elevated foothills of south Canterbury,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reappears as a local dominant. In north-eastern Otago,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is common around Trotters Gorge and the Horse Range but south of here it has an otherwise mainly coastal distribution, reaching its greatest abundance around Dunedin and on the adjacent Otago Peninsula. A few inland locations are known, especially around Lakes Hawea and Wanaka, where the species is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea serotina" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also common along the northern and eastern foothills of the Dunstan Range south of which it occurs only very locally, in isolated patches along the Clutha River as far south as Kaitangata and Balclutha. These southerly outliers are not only the southern limit for the species but also for the genus worldwide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="Figure 59" startId="F59">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Figure 59.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="90" pageNumber="91" start="start">Recognition</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
The potential distinctiveness of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first recognised in New Zealand by William Colenso (1811-1899) who collected specimens of it from the Pahawa [Pahaoa] River, eastern Wairarapa (W. Colenso 2011, (WELT SP022862, Duplicate: K). Obviously impressed by its sturdy habit, Colenso regarded it as a new species for which he proposed the name "Leptospermum pahawaense" to J. D. Hooker. However, Hooker never took up the name (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, JD" journalOrPublisher="Reeve and Co, London" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B77" refString="Hooker, JD, 1867. Handbook of the New Zealand Flora. Reeve and Co, London" title="Handbook of the New Zealand Flora" year="1867">Hooker 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In hindsight it is intriguing that New Zealand botanists have failed to recognise that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It would seem that this has come about for two main reasons. Firstly, because the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Rich" authorityYear="1832" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Leptospermum ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≡
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was lodged in an overseas herbarium (P), where it was not easily accessible to New Zealand-based botanists, and so until now had not been critically examined. Secondly,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most common of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, and, in the absence of a critical evaluation of the type, it is understandable that New Zealand botanists have come to assume that this common tree was the one described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richard, A" journalOrPublisher="Paris" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="B112" refString="Richard, A, 1832. Voyage de Decouvertes de L'Astrolabe, Botanique. In: Essai d'une Flore de La Nouvelle-Zelande. Paris" title="Voyage de Decouvertes de L'Astrolabe, Botanique." volumeTitle="Essai d'une Flore de La Nouvelle-Zelande." year="1832">Richard (1832)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Even so, recourse to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Richard’s">Richard's</normalizedToken>
|
||
protologue does provide a very clear description of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">Kunzea ericoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
sens. str.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which should have enabled the recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
long before now. For example, Richard clearly stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Rich" authorityYear="1832" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Leptospermum ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≡
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) had glabrous stems, and leaves (except for the leaf margins), glabrous pedicels, glabrescent calyces and capsules. Even allowing for the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does have minute hairs on its branches, they are so small and sparingly distributed that they are easily missed, so
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Richard’s">Richard's</normalizedToken>
|
||
use of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘glabrous’">'glabrous'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in that context makes sense. Irrespective, any
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with conspicuously hairy stems, leaves, pedicels and fruits could not fit
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Richard’s">Richard's</normalizedToken>
|
||
species. Despite this, and probably because it was so widespread and common,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remained unrecognised, ironically ended up serving as the 'type
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
from which Thomas Kirk and George Simpson segregated their
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk" authorityYear="1889" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides subsp. var. var. lineare" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="lineare">Leptospermum ericoides var. lineare</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≡
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Leptospermum sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≡
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum ericoides subsp. var. var. microflora" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="ericoides" subSpecies="var." variety="microflora">Leptospermum ericoides var. microflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≡
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea tenuicaulis" order="Myrtales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuicaulis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Kunzea tenuicaulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
As circumscribed here,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="91" pageNumber="92" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
robusta
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains a very variable species. It is primarily a coastal to lowland, rarely montane, arborescent species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. Kunzea robusta. A Kunzea robusta in full flower as an emergent in Kauri (Agathis australis) dominated forest, North Island, Waitakere Ranges (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Adult tree of Kunzea robusta showing distinctive growth habit and broad, spreading canopy, North Island, Auckland City (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Trunk and lower branches of Kunzea robusta showing branching pattern and bark (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea robusta young trees of the common variant in full flower, North Island, Auckland, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Kunzea robusta example of the fine-leaved eastern North Island variant, Hawke's Bay, Tangoio (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Young tree of Kunzea robusta in open pasture showing branching from base, North Island, near Wairoa (photo: P. J. de Lange) G Kunzea robusta tree protruding from Cupressus macrocarpa stump in pasture, North Island, Wairarapa (photo: J. E. Braggins); (H-M) Kunzea robusta bark types: (H) North Island, Wairakei I North Island, Kendal's Bay J North Island, Hunua Range, (K, L) North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River M Bark flakes showing narrowly, tabular shape and regular margins, North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River (photos: P. J. de Lange) N Flowering branchlets, North Island, Green Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) O Kunzea robusta holotype tree in full flower, North Island Papatea Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) P Close up of flowers, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) (photo: G. M. Crowcroft)." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">58A-G</figureCitation>
|
||
), which normally reaches heights of between 20-25 m tall, and 0.65 m d.b.h. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. Kunzea robusta. A Kunzea robusta in full flower as an emergent in Kauri (Agathis australis) dominated forest, North Island, Waitakere Ranges (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Adult tree of Kunzea robusta showing distinctive growth habit and broad, spreading canopy, North Island, Auckland City (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Trunk and lower branches of Kunzea robusta showing branching pattern and bark (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea robusta young trees of the common variant in full flower, North Island, Auckland, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Kunzea robusta example of the fine-leaved eastern North Island variant, Hawke's Bay, Tangoio (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Young tree of Kunzea robusta in open pasture showing branching from base, North Island, near Wairoa (photo: P. J. de Lange) G Kunzea robusta tree protruding from Cupressus macrocarpa stump in pasture, North Island, Wairarapa (photo: J. E. Braggins); (H-M) Kunzea robusta bark types: (H) North Island, Wairakei I North Island, Kendal's Bay J North Island, Hunua Range, (K, L) North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River M Bark flakes showing narrowly, tabular shape and regular margins, North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River (photos: P. J. de Lange) N Flowering branchlets, North Island, Green Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) O Kunzea robusta holotype tree in full flower, North Island Papatea Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) P Close up of flowers, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) (photo: G. M. Crowcroft)." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">58B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occasional trees attaining heights of up to 30 m, and trunks up to 1 m d.b.h. are known from the North Island (Northland, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) and the eastern Wairarapa), making this species the largest and tallest in the genus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. Kunzea robusta. A Kunzea robusta in full flower as an emergent in Kauri (Agathis australis) dominated forest, North Island, Waitakere Ranges (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Adult tree of Kunzea robusta showing distinctive growth habit and broad, spreading canopy, North Island, Auckland City (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Trunk and lower branches of Kunzea robusta showing branching pattern and bark (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea robusta young trees of the common variant in full flower, North Island, Auckland, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Kunzea robusta example of the fine-leaved eastern North Island variant, Hawke's Bay, Tangoio (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Young tree of Kunzea robusta in open pasture showing branching from base, North Island, near Wairoa (photo: P. J. de Lange) G Kunzea robusta tree protruding from Cupressus macrocarpa stump in pasture, North Island, Wairarapa (photo: J. E. Braggins); (H-M) Kunzea robusta bark types: (H) North Island, Wairakei I North Island, Kendal's Bay J North Island, Hunua Range, (K, L) North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River M Bark flakes showing narrowly, tabular shape and regular margins, North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River (photos: P. J. de Lange) N Flowering branchlets, North Island, Green Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) O Kunzea robusta holotype tree in full flower, North Island Papatea Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) P Close up of flowers, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) (photo: G. M. Crowcroft)." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">58B-D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is typically extremely coriaceous, and is characteristically shed in long tabular strips up to 4 m long (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. Kunzea robusta. A Kunzea robusta in full flower as an emergent in Kauri (Agathis australis) dominated forest, North Island, Waitakere Ranges (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Adult tree of Kunzea robusta showing distinctive growth habit and broad, spreading canopy, North Island, Auckland City (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Trunk and lower branches of Kunzea robusta showing branching pattern and bark (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea robusta young trees of the common variant in full flower, North Island, Auckland, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Kunzea robusta example of the fine-leaved eastern North Island variant, Hawke's Bay, Tangoio (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Young tree of Kunzea robusta in open pasture showing branching from base, North Island, near Wairoa (photo: P. J. de Lange) G Kunzea robusta tree protruding from Cupressus macrocarpa stump in pasture, North Island, Wairarapa (photo: J. E. Braggins); (H-M) Kunzea robusta bark types: (H) North Island, Wairakei I North Island, Kendal's Bay J North Island, Hunua Range, (K, L) North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River M Bark flakes showing narrowly, tabular shape and regular margins, North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River (photos: P. J. de Lange) N Flowering branchlets, North Island, Green Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) O Kunzea robusta holotype tree in full flower, North Island Papatea Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) P Close up of flowers, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) (photo: G. M. Crowcroft)." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">58H-M</figureCitation>
|
||
) that often hang in a loose skirt around the trunk. The upper surface of these strips is usually intact, with little secondary peeling (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. Kunzea robusta. A Kunzea robusta in full flower as an emergent in Kauri (Agathis australis) dominated forest, North Island, Waitakere Ranges (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Adult tree of Kunzea robusta showing distinctive growth habit and broad, spreading canopy, North Island, Auckland City (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Trunk and lower branches of Kunzea robusta showing branching pattern and bark (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea robusta young trees of the common variant in full flower, North Island, Auckland, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Kunzea robusta example of the fine-leaved eastern North Island variant, Hawke's Bay, Tangoio (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Young tree of Kunzea robusta in open pasture showing branching from base, North Island, near Wairoa (photo: P. J. de Lange) G Kunzea robusta tree protruding from Cupressus macrocarpa stump in pasture, North Island, Wairarapa (photo: J. E. Braggins); (H-M) Kunzea robusta bark types: (H) North Island, Wairakei I North Island, Kendal's Bay J North Island, Hunua Range, (K, L) North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River M Bark flakes showing narrowly, tabular shape and regular margins, North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River (photos: P. J. de Lange) N Flowering branchlets, North Island, Green Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) O Kunzea robusta holotype tree in full flower, North Island Papatea Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) P Close up of flowers, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) (photo: G. M. Crowcroft)." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">58M</figureCitation>
|
||
), though trees growing in heavy shade, or wetter than usual conditions may have thinner, subcoriaceous bark, and some secondary peeling. The adult branchlet indumentum of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for most of its range, consists of antrorse-appressed, silky hairs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 55. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (common variant). (A-C all AK 285565) Branchlet indumentum D-F Seeds (AK 285565). Scale bars: (A) 1 mm; (B) 100 μm; (C) 10 μm; (D) 1 mm; (E, F) 100 μm." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">55A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
), though hair length can be extremely variable. As a rule,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gathered from montane situations, and from the drier eastern side of both islands, tend to have shorter hairs, which may require a hand lens of at least 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
magnification to see, while those from the northern half of the North Island, Marlborough Sounds, Banks Peninsula and Dunedin, particularly specimens growing in coastal to lowland sites, tend to have visibly longer antrorse-appressed branchlet hairs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 55. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (common variant). (A-C all AK 285565) Branchlet indumentum D-F Seeds (AK 285565). Scale bars: (A) 1 mm; (B) 100 μm; (C) 10 μm; (D) 1 mm; (E, F) 100 μm." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">55A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, despite these geographic generalisations, it is not uncommon for two trees growing side by side to have either short or long hairs. The mature leaves of this species, though variable in size and shape (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta continued. J Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) K Seedling of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Albany Scenic Reserve) L Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) M Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) N Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) O Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) P Leaf variation within two individuals (P 1) North Island, Auckland, Green Bay (no voucher), (P 2), North Island, Hapuakohe Range, Wai Iti Road, (ex cult. AK 285561) Q Leaf variation: (Q 1) North Island, Cavalli Island (AK 150268), (Q 2) North Island, Whangaroa Harbour (AK 226190), (Q 3) North Island, Puketi (AK 169749), (Q 4) North Island, Mangatoa Stream (AK 254925), (Q 5) North Island, Mokohinau Islands group (AK 226069), (Q 6) North Island, Puhoi (AK 250787), (Q 7) North Island, Waikawau Bay (AK 245109), (Q 8) North Island, Mangatawhiri Valley (AK 208449), (Q 9) North Island, Kauaeranga Valley (AK 242671), (Q 10) North Island, Whangamarino (AK 242673), (Q 11) North Island, Hamilton, Hammond Bush (AK 207190), (Q 12) North Island, Kohioawa Beach (AK 287041), (Q 13) North Island, Moutohora (Whale Island) (AK 289818), (Q 14) North Island, Whakatane, Kohi Point (AK 289950), (Q 15) North Island, Torere (AK 289977), (Q 16) North Island, Hicks Bay (AK 285565), (Q 17) North Island, Haupara Point (AK 288506), (Q 18) North Island, Ruatoria (AK 286087), (Q 19) North Island, Awaroa Scenic Reserve (AK 287864), (Q 20) North Island, Lake Okataina (AK 288229), (Q 21) North Island, Whakamaru (AK 288041), (Q 22) North Island, Lake Waikaremoana (AK 287026), (Q 23) North Island, Tangarakau River (AK 286129), (Q 24) North Island, Kaweka Range (AK 288045), (Q 25) North Island, Mahia Peninsula (AK 286160), (Q 26) North Island, Frasertown (AK 287040), (Q 27) North Island, Tangoio (AK 286251), (Q 28) North Island, Kawhatau River (AK 288075), (Q 29) North Island, Oroua (AK 288048), (Q 30) North Island, Pohangina River (AK 288047), (Q 31) North Island, Foxton (AK 288695), (Q 32) North Island, Mangatainoka River (AK 289513), (Q 33) North Island, Upper Tauweru River (AK 288023), (Q 34) North Island, Putangirua Pinnacles (AK 287531), (Q 35) South Island, D'Urville Island (AK 288513), (Q 36) South Island Port Underwood (AK 288592), (Q 37) South Island, Waima River (AK 286221), (Q 38) South Island, Clarence River (AK 288569), (Q 39) South Island, Happy Valley (AK 285567), (Q 40) South Island, Banks Peninsula (AK 286135), (Q 41) South Island, Buller River, near Westport (AK 288441), (Q 42) South Island, Dunedin (AK 288441). Scale Bars: (J, L-N) 1 mm; (K, P, Q) 10 mm; (O) 0.5 mm." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">54L, M, P-Q</figureCitation>
|
||
), are unified in being consistently glabrate with the lamina margin and abaxial midrib sparsely to conspicuously silky hairy (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta continued. J Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) K Seedling of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Albany Scenic Reserve) L Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) M Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) N Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) O Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) P Leaf variation within two individuals (P 1) North Island, Auckland, Green Bay (no voucher), (P 2), North Island, Hapuakohe Range, Wai Iti Road, (ex cult. AK 285561) Q Leaf variation: (Q 1) North Island, Cavalli Island (AK 150268), (Q 2) North Island, Whangaroa Harbour (AK 226190), (Q 3) North Island, Puketi (AK 169749), (Q 4) North Island, Mangatoa Stream (AK 254925), (Q 5) North Island, Mokohinau Islands group (AK 226069), (Q 6) North Island, Puhoi (AK 250787), (Q 7) North Island, Waikawau Bay (AK 245109), (Q 8) North Island, Mangatawhiri Valley (AK 208449), (Q 9) North Island, Kauaeranga Valley (AK 242671), (Q 10) North Island, Whangamarino (AK 242673), (Q 11) North Island, Hamilton, Hammond Bush (AK 207190), (Q 12) North Island, Kohioawa Beach (AK 287041), (Q 13) North Island, Moutohora (Whale Island) (AK 289818), (Q 14) North Island, Whakatane, Kohi Point (AK 289950), (Q 15) North Island, Torere (AK 289977), (Q 16) North Island, Hicks Bay (AK 285565), (Q 17) North Island, Haupara Point (AK 288506), (Q 18) North Island, Ruatoria (AK 286087), (Q 19) North Island, Awaroa Scenic Reserve (AK 287864), (Q 20) North Island, Lake Okataina (AK 288229), (Q 21) North Island, Whakamaru (AK 288041), (Q 22) North Island, Lake Waikaremoana (AK 287026), (Q 23) North Island, Tangarakau River (AK 286129), (Q 24) North Island, Kaweka Range (AK 288045), (Q 25) North Island, Mahia Peninsula (AK 286160), (Q 26) North Island, Frasertown (AK 287040), (Q 27) North Island, Tangoio (AK 286251), (Q 28) North Island, Kawhatau River (AK 288075), (Q 29) North Island, Oroua (AK 288048), (Q 30) North Island, Pohangina River (AK 288047), (Q 31) North Island, Foxton (AK 288695), (Q 32) North Island, Mangatainoka River (AK 289513), (Q 33) North Island, Upper Tauweru River (AK 288023), (Q 34) North Island, Putangirua Pinnacles (AK 287531), (Q 35) South Island, D'Urville Island (AK 288513), (Q 36) South Island Port Underwood (AK 288592), (Q 37) South Island, Waima River (AK 286221), (Q 38) South Island, Clarence River (AK 288569), (Q 39) South Island, Happy Valley (AK 285567), (Q 40) South Island, Banks Peninsula (AK 286135), (Q 41) South Island, Buller River, near Westport (AK 288441), (Q 42) South Island, Dunedin (AK 288441). Scale Bars: (J, L-N) 1 mm; (K, P, Q) 10 mm; (O) 0.5 mm." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">54N-O</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the hairs only very rarely meeting at the leaf apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta continued. J Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) K Seedling of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Albany Scenic Reserve) L Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) M Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) N Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) O Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) P Leaf variation within two individuals (P 1) North Island, Auckland, Green Bay (no voucher), (P 2), North Island, Hapuakohe Range, Wai Iti Road, (ex cult. AK 285561) Q Leaf variation: (Q 1) North Island, Cavalli Island (AK 150268), (Q 2) North Island, Whangaroa Harbour (AK 226190), (Q 3) North Island, Puketi (AK 169749), (Q 4) North Island, Mangatoa Stream (AK 254925), (Q 5) North Island, Mokohinau Islands group (AK 226069), (Q 6) North Island, Puhoi (AK 250787), (Q 7) North Island, Waikawau Bay (AK 245109), (Q 8) North Island, Mangatawhiri Valley (AK 208449), (Q 9) North Island, Kauaeranga Valley (AK 242671), (Q 10) North Island, Whangamarino (AK 242673), (Q 11) North Island, Hamilton, Hammond Bush (AK 207190), (Q 12) North Island, Kohioawa Beach (AK 287041), (Q 13) North Island, Moutohora (Whale Island) (AK 289818), (Q 14) North Island, Whakatane, Kohi Point (AK 289950), (Q 15) North Island, Torere (AK 289977), (Q 16) North Island, Hicks Bay (AK 285565), (Q 17) North Island, Haupara Point (AK 288506), (Q 18) North Island, Ruatoria (AK 286087), (Q 19) North Island, Awaroa Scenic Reserve (AK 287864), (Q 20) North Island, Lake Okataina (AK 288229), (Q 21) North Island, Whakamaru (AK 288041), (Q 22) North Island, Lake Waikaremoana (AK 287026), (Q 23) North Island, Tangarakau River (AK 286129), (Q 24) North Island, Kaweka Range (AK 288045), (Q 25) North Island, Mahia Peninsula (AK 286160), (Q 26) North Island, Frasertown (AK 287040), (Q 27) North Island, Tangoio (AK 286251), (Q 28) North Island, Kawhatau River (AK 288075), (Q 29) North Island, Oroua (AK 288048), (Q 30) North Island, Pohangina River (AK 288047), (Q 31) North Island, Foxton (AK 288695), (Q 32) North Island, Mangatainoka River (AK 289513), (Q 33) North Island, Upper Tauweru River (AK 288023), (Q 34) North Island, Putangirua Pinnacles (AK 287531), (Q 35) South Island, D'Urville Island (AK 288513), (Q 36) South Island Port Underwood (AK 288592), (Q 37) South Island, Waima River (AK 286221), (Q 38) South Island, Clarence River (AK 288569), (Q 39) South Island, Happy Valley (AK 285567), (Q 40) South Island, Banks Peninsula (AK 286135), (Q 41) South Island, Buller River, near Westport (AK 288441), (Q 42) South Island, Dunedin (AK 288441). Scale Bars: (J, L-N) 1 mm; (K, P, Q) 10 mm; (O) 0.5 mm." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">54O</figureCitation>
|
||
). The adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are conspicuously glandular punctate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta continued. J Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) K Seedling of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Albany Scenic Reserve) L Adaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) M Abaxial leaf surface (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) N Adaxial leaf apex (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) O Leaf margin indumentum (no voucher, North Island, Auckland Green Bay) P Leaf variation within two individuals (P 1) North Island, Auckland, Green Bay (no voucher), (P 2), North Island, Hapuakohe Range, Wai Iti Road, (ex cult. AK 285561) Q Leaf variation: (Q 1) North Island, Cavalli Island (AK 150268), (Q 2) North Island, Whangaroa Harbour (AK 226190), (Q 3) North Island, Puketi (AK 169749), (Q 4) North Island, Mangatoa Stream (AK 254925), (Q 5) North Island, Mokohinau Islands group (AK 226069), (Q 6) North Island, Puhoi (AK 250787), (Q 7) North Island, Waikawau Bay (AK 245109), (Q 8) North Island, Mangatawhiri Valley (AK 208449), (Q 9) North Island, Kauaeranga Valley (AK 242671), (Q 10) North Island, Whangamarino (AK 242673), (Q 11) North Island, Hamilton, Hammond Bush (AK 207190), (Q 12) North Island, Kohioawa Beach (AK 287041), (Q 13) North Island, Moutohora (Whale Island) (AK 289818), (Q 14) North Island, Whakatane, Kohi Point (AK 289950), (Q 15) North Island, Torere (AK 289977), (Q 16) North Island, Hicks Bay (AK 285565), (Q 17) North Island, Haupara Point (AK 288506), (Q 18) North Island, Ruatoria (AK 286087), (Q 19) North Island, Awaroa Scenic Reserve (AK 287864), (Q 20) North Island, Lake Okataina (AK 288229), (Q 21) North Island, Whakamaru (AK 288041), (Q 22) North Island, Lake Waikaremoana (AK 287026), (Q 23) North Island, Tangarakau River (AK 286129), (Q 24) North Island, Kaweka Range (AK 288045), (Q 25) North Island, Mahia Peninsula (AK 286160), (Q 26) North Island, Frasertown (AK 287040), (Q 27) North Island, Tangoio (AK 286251), (Q 28) North Island, Kawhatau River (AK 288075), (Q 29) North Island, Oroua (AK 288048), (Q 30) North Island, Pohangina River (AK 288047), (Q 31) North Island, Foxton (AK 288695), (Q 32) North Island, Mangatainoka River (AK 289513), (Q 33) North Island, Upper Tauweru River (AK 288023), (Q 34) North Island, Putangirua Pinnacles (AK 287531), (Q 35) South Island, D'Urville Island (AK 288513), (Q 36) South Island Port Underwood (AK 288592), (Q 37) South Island, Waima River (AK 286221), (Q 38) South Island, Clarence River (AK 288569), (Q 39) South Island, Happy Valley (AK 285567), (Q 40) South Island, Banks Peninsula (AK 286135), (Q 41) South Island, Buller River, near Westport (AK 288441), (Q 42) South Island, Dunedin (AK 288441). Scale Bars: (J, L-N) 1 mm; (K, P, Q) 10 mm; (O) 0.5 mm." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">54L-M</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the adaxial surface characteristically dull rather than glossy green.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has extremely variable pherophylls both within and between populations. These range from squamiform to foliose, with either one or both types found on any particular individual. Irrespective of type, they are almost always shed during flowering. However, in some populations the foliose pherophylls are retained below some (but not all) flowers, and in these cases the pherophylls of any particular individual can range from elliptic, through oblanceolate, to broadly lanceolate or lanceolate. The inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is initially corymbiform, and in most places (see below for exceptions) this changes toward the end of the initial flowering through activation of the terminal vegetative bud (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta. A Flowering branchlets of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) B Fruiting branchlet (AK 285561) C Flowering branchlets of eastern North Island variant, (AK 288499) D Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 285561) E Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 285561) F Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 285561) G Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 285561) H Stamens (ex cult. AK 285561) I Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 285561). Scale bars: (A-C) 10 mm; (D-I) 1 mm." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">53A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The subsequent vegetative growth partially elongates the initial inflorescence, and so in this species (more than any other of the species possessing an initially corymbiform botryum) the vegetative growth usually progresses into a further late season flowering as a distinctively elongated botryum. However, in the eastern Coromandel Peninsula and in coastal sites from East Cape south to the sand tombolo connecting Mahia Peninsula to the mainland, the late season elongated botrya of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not appear to be developed. Inflorescences of plants in these areas (called here the "eastern North Island variant") remain corymbiform (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta. A Flowering branchlets of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) B Fruiting branchlet (AK 285561) C Flowering branchlets of eastern North Island variant, (AK 288499) D Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 285561) E Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 285561) F Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 285561) G Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 285561) H Stamens (ex cult. AK 285561) I Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 285561). Scale bars: (A-C) 10 mm; (D-I) 1 mm." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">53C</figureCitation>
|
||
), the apical vegetative bud of each inflorescence appearing to abort, and so each flowering episode is marked by a further series of brachyblasts bearing inflorescences, with vegetative growth restricted to the primary axis of the main terminal branchlet of each branch system. The fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are mostly obconic to broadly obconic (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta. A Flowering branchlets of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) B Fruiting branchlet (AK 285561) C Flowering branchlets of eastern North Island variant, (AK 288499) D Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 285561) E Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 285561) F Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 285561) G Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 285561) H Stamens (ex cult. AK 285561) I Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 285561). Scale bars: (A-C) 10 mm; (D-I) 1 mm." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">53I</figureCitation>
|
||
) and are on average the longest (up to 4.6 mm long), and, next to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the widest of the New Zealand species (up to 5.3 mm wide). Further, they are usually uniformly hairy, a character shared among usually obconic-fruited species only by the decumbent shrub,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="92" pageNumber="93" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
robusta
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a consistent chromosome karyotype comprising four large (2.0-2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), six intermediate (1.5-1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and one small (0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) set of chromosomes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With the exception of Mt Egmont samples, the combined sequence data obtained from the ITS and ETS marker regions showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had the same sequence as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only variable character in the ETS sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a guanine, was shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Three samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mt Egmont National Park provided the only departure from this pattern, possessing a guanine/cytosine mix (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The same mix is shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea salterae" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salterae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea salterae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea serotina" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea toelkenii" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea toelkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Previously,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and de Lange et al. (2004) had regarded the Mt Egmont
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations as comprising another, potentially unnamed species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides subsp. aff." order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">Kunzea aff. ericoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(f). This decision was based in part on the presence of this guanine/cytosine mix but also because of the behaviour of cultivated Mt Egmont plants, which retained their glaucescent, juvenile foliage despite flowering. However, this juvenile form is not retained in the wild, and adult trees are otherwise indistinguishable from the more usual form of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was concluded that the neotonic form and flowering of the cultivated plants was probably induced through these plants (in effect 2 m tall individuals) becoming root-bound and stressed rather than having a genetic basis. To confirm this two of the Egmont
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were planted and these ceased flowering and developed
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘adult’">'adult'</normalizedToken>
|
||
foliage (i.e., foliage typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
elsewhere) within one year of planting. Finally, the chromosome complements of the Egmont plants, which were not reported on by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, are consistent with those of all other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations. Therefore, Mt Egmont plants, despite the apparently anomalous, persistent juvenile form exhibited by cultivated specimens grown at the University of Auckland, is treated here as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
|
||
Nevertheless, some regional variants within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="93" pageNumber="94" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
robusta
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished. However, as these tend to intergrade across wide parts of their range with other forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and I can find no clear zones of sympatry or ecological partitioning, I feel that little purpose is served by further formal taxonomic division of this species. That said, one notable variant may repay further study. This variant, called here the "Rangitikei variant" is mostly found within the Rangitikei River catchment in the calcareous siltstone (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘papa’">'papa'</normalizedToken>
|
||
) country from about Hunterville and Umutoi north to near Moawhango. This variant differs markedly from other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with respect to the branchlet indumentum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 56. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (Rangitikei variant). A-H all AK 288076 A-B Branchlet indumentum of juvenile C-H Branchlet indumentum of adult." pageId="93" pageNumber="94">56</figureCitation>
|
||
) and leaf size of the seedlings and juveniles. While
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is markedly heteroblastic, the usual condition (with the exception of some eastern North Island populations that may have smaller linear to linear-lanceolate leaves) is for the juvenile to have much larger, laxer, oblanceolate leaves than the adult. Even so, the juveniles consistently still have the long, antrorse-appressed branchlet indumentum typical of the species throughout most of its range. In the Rangitikei this is not the case. There, juveniles have short, divergent hairs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 56. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (Rangitikei variant). A-H all AK 288076 A-B Branchlet indumentum of juvenile C-H Branchlet indumentum of adult." pageId="93" pageNumber="94">56A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) of the form seen also in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea serotina" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea serotina. A-E Branchlet indumentum (AK 285217) F-I Seeds (AK 289978) I Testa surface showing reticulum (AK 289978). Scale bars: (A, D, G) 1 mm; (B) 500 μm; (C, E, F, H) 100 μm; (I) 50 μm." pageId="93" pageNumber="94">10A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Further, as with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea serotina" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they typically have an erect, more or less pyramidal growth habit, though with more broadly spreading branches than is the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea serotina" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The juvenile leaves of these
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations are generally smaller than the adult (up to 6.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5 mm in the juvenile cf. up to 28.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5 mm in the adult). Although particularly distinctive I have retained this variant within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because this juvenile condition is lost in the adult which develops the more usually antrorse-appressed branchlet hairs typical of the species elsewhere (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 56. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (Rangitikei variant). A-H all AK 288076 A-B Branchlet indumentum of juvenile C-H Branchlet indumentum of adult." pageId="93" pageNumber="94">56C-H</figureCitation>
|
||
), and because the rDNA ITS and ETS sequences, and chromosome complements are typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from elsewhere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Another variation on branchlet indumentum is seen in the "eastern North Island variant" which occurs mainly in the East Cape area of the North Island. Here, in a narrow band of mainly coastal or near coastal lowland locations from about Oweka south to the northern portion of the sand tombolo of Mahia Peninsula,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations have mixtures of long antrorse-appressed and short divergent hairs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 57" captionStartId="F57" captionText="Figure 57. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea robusta (eastern North Island variant). A-D all AK 286067, Branchlet indumentum. Scale bars: (A, C) 1 mm; (B) 100 μm; (D) 50 μm." pageId="93" pageNumber="94">57</figureCitation>
|
||
). These populations also tend to have linear to linear-lanceolate, spreading leaves and corymbiform inflorescences (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="F53" captionText="Figure 53. Distinguishing features of Kunzea robusta. A Flowering branchlets of common variant (no voucher, North Island, Auckland, Green Bay) B Fruiting branchlet (AK 285561) C Flowering branchlets of eastern North Island variant, (AK 288499) D Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 285561) E Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 285561) F Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 285561) G Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 285561) H Stamens (ex cult. AK 285561) I Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 285561). Scale bars: (A-C) 10 mm; (D-I) 1 mm." pageId="93" pageNumber="94">53C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar plants also occur along the eastern side of the Coromandel Peninsula and on Tuhua (Mayor Island) but these have only the long, antrorse-appressed indumentum typical of most
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations and corymbiform to shortly elongate inflorescences. Again the DNA sequences and chromosome karyotypes of "eastern North Island variant" conform to the rest of the range exhibited by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Egmont plants excluded) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which precludes, at this stage at least, any further taxonomic subdivision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Throughout its range
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric with all but the allopatric Three Kings endemic,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Branchlet indumentum alone readily distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from species with divergent and or divergent curled hairs, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea salterae" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salterae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea salterae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea serotina" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea tenuicaulis" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuicaulis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea tenuicaulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further detailed distinctions between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and these species are provided under their treatments and in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea toelkenii" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea toelkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mostly has divergent hairs, these are characteristically short, curled and/or spiralled and often occur in mixtures with long, appressed-antrorse hairs, so indumentum is not helpful in distinguishing it from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea toelkenii" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea toelkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is the multi-trunked growth habit, sinuous, twisted, pendulous branches, and trailing epicormic growth that distinguish it from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field. The spiciform inflorescences and sessile to subsessile flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
immediately distinguish it from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
for further differences).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having consistently elongate inflorescences, and flowers which are subtended by a persistent oblong, oblong-obovate, broadly obovate to elliptic, dark glossy green pherophyll. Other distinctions are offered under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the species that has most usually been described in ecological treatments of "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burrows, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Mauri Ora" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="5 - 12" refId="B22" refString="Burrows, CJ, 1973. The ecological niches of Leptospermum scoparium and L. ericoides (Angiospermae: Myrtaceae). Mauri Ora 1: 5 - 12" title="The ecological niches of Leptospermum scoparium and L. ericoides (Angiospermae: Myrtaceae)." volume="1" year="1973">Burrows 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wardle, P" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, Melbourne" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="B131" refString="Wardle, P, 1991. Vegetation of New Zealand. Cambridge University Press, Melbourne" title="Vegetation of New Zealand" year="1991">Wardle 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) because it is the most widespread member of the genus in New Zealand. It is mostly found in coastal and low lying areas and adjacent hill country. It does not usually grow in upper montane situations though it has occasionally been collected in places up to 1000 m a.s.l. Favouring disturbance, this is the species that is most frequently seen colonising marginal hill country, particularly in areas with slip-prone, poorly draining clay soils, or in the clay soils of the drier, drought-prone eastern parts of both islands. It is sometimes regarded as a serious weed in these habitats because of its ability to rapidly reclaim rough pasture land.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is, as a rule, not common within relatively intact indigenous forest systems, being mostly seen colonising slip scars, and other areas of damage resulting from flooding and/or storm damage. Nevertheless, in some forest types such as that dominated by kauri (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 58" captionStartId="F58" captionText="Figure 58. Kunzea robusta. A Kunzea robusta in full flower as an emergent in Kauri (Agathis australis) dominated forest, North Island, Waitakere Ranges (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Adult tree of Kunzea robusta showing distinctive growth habit and broad, spreading canopy, North Island, Auckland City (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Trunk and lower branches of Kunzea robusta showing branching pattern and bark (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea robusta young trees of the common variant in full flower, North Island, Auckland, Western Springs (photo: P. J. de Lange) E Kunzea robusta example of the fine-leaved eastern North Island variant, Hawke's Bay, Tangoio (photo: P. J. de Lange) F Young tree of Kunzea robusta in open pasture showing branching from base, North Island, near Wairoa (photo: P. J. de Lange) G Kunzea robusta tree protruding from Cupressus macrocarpa stump in pasture, North Island, Wairarapa (photo: J. E. Braggins); (H-M) Kunzea robusta bark types: (H) North Island, Wairakei I North Island, Kendal's Bay J North Island, Hunua Range, (K, L) North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River M Bark flakes showing narrowly, tabular shape and regular margins, North Island, Hamilton, Waikato River (photos: P. J. de Lange) N Flowering branchlets, North Island, Green Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) O Kunzea robusta holotype tree in full flower, North Island Papatea Bay (photo: P. J. de Lange) P Close up of flowers, Aotea (Great Barrier Island) (photo: G. M. Crowcroft)." pageId="93" pageNumber="94">58A</figureCitation>
|
||
), occasional stands or scattered mature canopy trees can be found with ages of between 200 and 280 years (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On occasion, such as within the calcareous siltstone-dominated landscapes of the northern Hawke's Bay and Rangitikei, it can form a distinct, forest type. This is probably because the siltstones are naturally prone to frequent slipping, thus maintaining sufficient disturbance to ensure the persistence of this species.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually found in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sophora tetraptera" order="Fabales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetraptera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Sophora tetraptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
J.S.Mill. (Hawke's Bay) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sophora godleyi" order="Fabales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="godleyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Sophora godleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Heenan et de Lange (Rangitikei) in these forest types. Sometimes it may be found growing with black beech (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heenan & Smissen" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Hook. f." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Fuscospora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fuscospora solandri" order="Fagales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solandri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Fuscospora solandri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in these areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="94" pageNumber="95" start="start">As</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provides a key habitat for a host of fungi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McKenzie, EHC" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="293 - 335" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.2006.9513025" refId="B85" refString="McKenzie, EHC, Johnston, PR, Buchanan, PK, 2006. Checklist of fungi on tea tree (Kunzea and Leptospermum species) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 44: 293 - 335, DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.2006.9513025" title="Checklist of fungi on tea tree (Kunzea and Leptospermum species) in New Zealand." url="10.1080/0028825X.2006.9513025" volume="44" year="2006">McKenzie et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the deep leaf litter it produces is also favoured by terrestrial orchids, especially of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="R.Brown" authorityYear="1810" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Acianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acianthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Acianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Caladenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caladenia" order="Asparagales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Caladenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Corybas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corybas" order="Microspermae" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Corybas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gastrodia" order="Microspermae" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Gastrodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Pterostylis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pterostylis" order="Asparagales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Pterostylis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The branchlets are often heavily parasitised by the dwarf mistletoe
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Viscaceae" genus="Korthalsella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Korthalsella salicornioides" order="Santalales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="salicornioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Korthalsella salicornioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in some locations by the green mistletoe (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Ileostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ileostylus micranthus" order="Santalales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micranthus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Ileostylus micranthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In many areas,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the favoured habitat of geckos of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Dactylocnemis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dactylocnemis" order="Squamata" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Dactylocnemis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Hoplodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplodactylus" order="Squamata" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Hoplodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nielsen, Bauer, Jackman, Hitchmough & Daugherty" authorityYear="2011" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Mokopirirakau" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mokopirirakau" order="Squamata" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Mokopirirakau</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Naultinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naultinus" order="Squamata" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Naultinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nielsen, Bauer, Jackman, Hitchmough & Daugherty" authorityYear="2011" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodactylidae" genus="Toropuku" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Toropuku" order="Squamata" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Toropuku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Woodworthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Woodworthia" order="Pinales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Woodworthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R. Hitchmough pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
As a rule the bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
supports little other vegetation. However, in some sites it can be heavily colonised by lichens, usually of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Coccocarpiaceae" genus="Coccocarpia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccocarpia" order="Lecanorales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Coccocarpia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Pers.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1833" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lobariaceae" genus="Crocodia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Crocodia" order="Peltigerales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Crocodia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Link,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Trevisan" authorityYear="1868" baseAuthorityName="Ach." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Physciaceae" genus="Heterodermia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heterodermia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Heterodermia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Delise ex Bory" authorityYear="1828" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pannariaceae" genus="Pannaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Pannaria" order="Lecanorales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Pannaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Pannariaceae" genus="Parmeliella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmeliella" order="Lecanorales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Parmeliella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
|
||
.Arg.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Massalongo" authorityYear="1860" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parmotrema" order="Malpighiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Parmotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Physciaceae" genus="Physcia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Physcia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Physcia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schreb.) Michx.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lobariaceae" genus="Pseudocyphellaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudocyphellaria" order="Gentianales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Pseudocyphellaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="H.Krog" authorityYear="1982" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Punctelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Punctelia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Punctelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Krog,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Usnea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Usnea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Usnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
J.Hill,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ramalina" order="Ranunculales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Ramalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Chrysothricaceae" genus="Chrysothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Chrysothrix" order="Arthoniales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Chrysothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mont.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also host to a range of hornworts, liverworts and mosses. Of these, mosses are typically scarce, though occasionally, such as near the branch bases and forks, growths of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Bryaceae" genus="Leptostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptostomum macrocarpa" order="Bryales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Leptostomum macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hedw.) Pyl. may be common. Sparse patches of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Hypnaceae" genus="Hypnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hypnum cupressiforme" order="Hypnales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="cupressiforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Hypnum cupressiforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hedw., and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Macromitrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macromitrium" order="Isobryales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Macromitrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., especially
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brotherus" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Besch." class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Macromitrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macromitrium brevicaule" order="Isobryales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="brevicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Macromitrium brevicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Besch.) Broth.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schwaegrichen" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Hook." class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Macromitrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macromitrium gracile" order="Isobryales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Macromitrium gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schwägr">Schwaegr</normalizedToken>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schwaegrichen" authorityYear="1824" baseAuthorityName="W. J. Hook." class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Macromitrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macromitrium longipes" order="Isobryales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Macromitrium longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schwägr">Schwaegr</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and less frequently
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Orthotrichaceae" genus="Macromitrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macromitrium submucronifolium" order="Isobryales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="submucronifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Macromitrium submucronifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C.Muell. et Hampe may also be found on the mid trunk and branches. The liverwort flora of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more diverse with 40 species having been recorded from its bark (J. E. Braggins pers. comm.). The most commonly encountered of the liverworts seem to be species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Acrolejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acrolejeunea" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Acrolejeunea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Spruce) Schiffn.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Austrolejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Austrolejeunea" order="Porellales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Austrolejeunea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schuster) Schuster,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raddi" authorityYear="1818" class="Hepaticae" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Frullania" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Frullania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M.-A.Libert" authorityYear="1820" class="Hepaticae" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Lejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lejeunea" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lejeunea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Metzgeriaceae" genus="Metzgeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metzgeria" order="Metzgeriales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Metzgeria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, followed by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grolle" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="Hook. f. & Taylor" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Harpalejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Harpalejeunea latitans" order="Porellales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="latitans">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Harpalejeunea latitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.f. et Taylor) Grolle,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hepaticae" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Drepanolejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Drepanolejeunea aucklandica subsp. aff." order="Jungermanniales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="aucklandica">Drepanolejeunea aff. aucklandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grolle" authorityYear="1995" baseAuthorityName="Reinw., Blume et Nees" class="Hepaticae" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Metalejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metalejeunea cucullata" order="Jungermanniales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="cucullata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Metalejeunea cucullata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Reinw., Blume et Nees) Grolle and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Siphonolejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Siphonolejeunea nudipes" order="Porellales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="nudipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Siphonolejeunea nudipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.f. et Taylor) Herzog. In contrast only one species of hornwort,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mitten" authorityYear="1873" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Dendroceros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dendroceros granulatus" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="granulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Dendroceros granulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mitt., is commonly associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="hybridism">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Hybridism.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sympatric with all the other New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species except the allopatric Three Kings endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. With the exception of that species, and also
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea salterae" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salterae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea salterae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea toelkenii" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toelkenii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea toelkenii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, putative field evidence for hybrids involving the other six species is common, and these hybrid combinations (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea serotina" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea serotina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea tenuicaulis" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuicaulis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea tenuicaulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are discussed in detail under the preceeding species and in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Significantly, these putative hybrid observations are all supported by experimental evidence which showed that hybrids using
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="117 - 131" publicationUrl="10.1071/SB04043" refId="B44" refString="de Lange, PJ, Datson, PM, Murray, BG, Toelken, HR, 2005. Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 117 - 131, DOI: 10.1071/SB04043" title="Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses." url="10.1071/SB04043" volume="18" year="2005">de Lange et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides subsp. aff." order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">Kunzea aff. ericoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(b)) as either pistillate or staminate parent were readily produced between all species, except
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea salterae" order="Myrtales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salterae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Kunzea salterae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which was unavailable during that study. All hybrid combinations were successfully raised and flowered, and none showed any reduction in pollen fertility or seed set when selfed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="vernacular name">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
|
||
It is
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="95" pageNumber="96" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
robusta
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is the species now most frequently meant when people use the name
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘kanuka’">'kanuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. The meaning and origin of the name
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘kanuka’">'kanuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
is however, uncertain (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Trilepidea" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 9" publicationUrl="http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/Trilepidea-119-131027b.pdf" refId="B37" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2013. Vernaculars - an opinion from one who suffers them as a necessity of life. Trilepidea 119: 3 - 9, http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/Trilepidea-119-131027b.pdf" title="Vernaculars - an opinion from one who suffers them as a necessity of life." url="http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/publications/Trilepidea-119-131027b.pdf" volume="119" year="2013">de Lange 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The name seems to have first appeared in the East Cape area about 1871 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orsman, HW" journalOrPublisher="OUP, Auckland" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="B102" refString="Orsman, HW, 1997. The dictionary of New Zealand English. OUP, Auckland" title="The dictionary of New Zealand English" year="1997">Orsman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Despite this, the majority of herbarium specimens collected between the 1860 and the 1930s refer to this species (and indeed the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species recognised here collectively) as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘manuka’">'manuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and this is the name by which it is still most commonly referred to by elders of, especially, northern North Island Maori. Interestingly, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B82" refString="Kirk, T, 1889. The Forest Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The Forest Flora of New Zealand" year="1889">Kirk (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Colenso asserted that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and in this case he almost certainly meant
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was universally known as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘manuka-rauriki’">'manuka-rauriki'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(see also Laing 1907), a name that I have not heard spoken, seen written down on any herbarium specimen, or mentioned in any other literature. Despite the supposed origin of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘kanuka’">'kanuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in the East Cape area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Orsman, HW" journalOrPublisher="OUP, Auckland" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="B102" refString="Orsman, HW, 1997. The dictionary of New Zealand English. OUP, Auckland" title="The dictionary of New Zealand English" year="1997">Orsman 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B82" refString="Kirk, T, 1889. The Forest Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The Forest Flora of New Zealand" year="1889">Kirk (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
records that, aside from the universal name manuka, in the East Cape area
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and in this case definitely the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described in this paper) was also known as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘maru’">'maru'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B82" refString="Kirk, T, 1889. The Forest Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The Forest Flora of New Zealand" year="1889">Kirk 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) a name I heard used by Tuhoe elders in Te Urewera National Park in the 1980s. In the South Island, based on early herbarium records (1830s, 1840s) the French also recorded the name
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘titira’">'titira'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘atitire’">'atitire'</normalizedToken>
|
||
for both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Akaroa specimens) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Abel Tasman coastline), although these names may simply be a transliteration of 'ti
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="tree’">tree'</normalizedToken>
|
||
as in 'tea
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="tree’">tree'</normalizedToken>
|
||
because even by that time, the fresh and dried leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Leptospermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were routinely being brewed as a tonic by many Maori who had adopted the 'tea
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="drinking’">drinking'</normalizedToken>
|
||
practice through observation of and/or intermarriage with European whalers/settlers whose women used these genera as a tea (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Camellia sinensis" order="Guttiferales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Camellia sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Kuntze) substitute. In the far north of the North Island, aside from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘manuka’">'manuka'</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is still also occasionally referred to by Ngati Kuri, Te Rarawa, and Nga Puhi iwi as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘rawirinui’">'rawirinui'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, to distinguish it from the smaller and more slender
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘rawiri’">'rawiri'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘rawiritoa’">'rawiritoa'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (L. Foley pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as the most widespread and abundant of the New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is here regarded as 'Not
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Threatened’">Threatened'</normalizedToken>
|
||
using the criteria of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Department of Conservation, Wellington" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" publicationUrl="http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/" refId="B130" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation, Wellington, http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/" title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual" url="http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/" year="2008">Townsend et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |