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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.226.103500" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-226-33" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7ACDC9791B575F5E9AFE954DE6D6C185" ModsDocID="1314-2003-226-33" checkinTime="1683649920426" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Levanets, Anatoliy &amp; Janse van Vuuren, Sanet" docDate="2023" docId="835C972EF12B548794990602066C39FF" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 226: 33-51" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 226" docPubDate="2023-05-09" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.226.103500" docTitle="Micrasterias foliacea subsp. [var. var. foliacea [var. foliacea] Bailey ex Ralfs 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="7ACDC9791B575F5E9AFE954DE6D6C185" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="7ACDC9791B575F5E9AFE954DE6D6C185" masterDocTitle="Morphology, taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of Micrasterias foliacea Bailey ex Ralfs (Desmidiales, Zygnematophyceae)" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1683650221590" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Morphology, taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of Micrasterias foliacea Bailey ex Ralfs (Desmidiales, Zygnematophyceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Levanets, Anatoliy</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Janse van Vuuren, Sanet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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1.
<taxonomicName LSID="835C972E-F12B-5487-9499-0602066C39FF" authority="[var. foliacea] Bailey ex Ralfs, 1848" authorityName="[var. foliacea] Bailey ex Ralfs" authorityYear="1848" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Micrasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Micrasterias foliacea subsp. [var. var. foliacea" order="Desmidiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Charophyta" rank="variety" species="foliacea" subSpecies="[var." variety="foliacea">Micrasterias foliacea [var. foliacea] Bailey ex Ralfs, 1848</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bailey ex Ralfs" authorityYear="1848" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Micrasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Micrasterias foliacea" order="Desmidiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Charophyta" rank="species" species="foliacea">Micrasterias foliacea</taxonomicName>
[var.
<taxonomicName authority="foliacea" authorityName="[var. foliacea] Bailey ex Ralfs" authorityYear="1848" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Micrasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Micrasterias foliacea var. foliacea" order="Desmidiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Charophyta" rank="variety" species="foliacea" variety="foliacea">Micrasterias foliacea foliacea</taxonomicName>
] Bailey ex Ralfs, 1848. &quot;The British
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Desmidiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Desmidiaceae" order="Desmidiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="genus">Desmidiaceae</taxonomicName>
&quot;: 210, tab. 35, fig. 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="synonyms">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Synonyms.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bailey
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">in lit. cum icone</emphasis>
1847;
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bailey ex Ralfs f.
<normalizedToken originalValue="α">α</normalizedToken>
typica Turner, 1892. &quot;
<taxonomicName kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="order">Algae</taxonomicName>
Aquae Dulcis Indiae Orientalis&quot;: 94, tab. 6, figs 12-14;
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea subsp. var. var. granulifera" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="variety" species="foliacea" subSpecies="var." variety="granulifera">M. foliacea Bailey ex Ralfs var. granulifera</taxonomicName>
J.A. Cushman, 1908.
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Rhodora”">&quot;Rhodora&quot;</normalizedToken>
10(114): 111.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
The earliest description of
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea subsp. var. var. granulifera" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="variety" species="foliacea" subSpecies="var." variety="granulifera">M. foliacea var. granulifera</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Cushman, JA" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="97 - 111" refId="B9" refString="Cushman, JA, 1908. A synopsis of the New England species of Micrasterias. Rhodora 10 (114): 97 - 111" title="A synopsis of the New England species of Micrasterias." volume="10" year="1908">Cushman (1908)</bibRefCitation>
is doubtful, and no drawings or micrographs were provided.
<bibRefCitation author="Cushman, JA" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="97 - 111" refId="B9" refString="Cushman, JA, 1908. A synopsis of the New England species of Micrasterias. Rhodora 10 (114): 97 - 111" title="A synopsis of the New England species of Micrasterias." volume="10" year="1908">Cushman (1908)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that var.
<taxonomicName authority="granulifera" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Micrasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Micrasterias granulifera var. granulifera" order="Desmidiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Charophyta" rank="variety" species="granulifera" variety="granulifera">Micrasterias granulifera granulifera</taxonomicName>
is similar to the type, but in addition the surface is covered with large irregularly disposed granules. Later,
<bibRefCitation author="Krieger, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ecology and Environment" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B29" refString="Krieger, W, 1939. Die Demidiaceen Europas mit Beruecksichtigung der auβereuropaeischen Arten. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz 13(2). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M.B.H., Leipzig, 1-117." title="Die Demidiaceen Europas mit Beruecksichtigung der auβereuropaeischen Arten. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz 13 (2). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M. B. H., Leipzig, 1 - 117." year="1939">Krieger (1939)</bibRefCitation>
classified this variety as a synonym of the type variety, which is currently accepted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="morphology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Morphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Morphology of M. foliacea var. foliacea found in samples from Mozambique A six cells illustrating chain formation B two adjacent cells indicating the interlocking polar extensions C morphology of a single cell. Scale bars: 30 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.226.103500.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/847712" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">1</figureCitation>
illustrates the morphology of
<taxonomicName authority="var. foliacea" family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea subsp. var. var. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="variety" species="foliacea" subSpecies="var." variety="foliacea">M. foliacea var. foliacea</taxonomicName>
found in the Mozambique samples. It is the only species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Agardh ex Ralfs" authorityYear="1848" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Micrasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Micrasterias" order="Desmidiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Charophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Micrasterias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where the cells are permanently attached to each other to form a ribbon-like chain, which may consist of 2-100 cells. The cells are nearly square (sub-quadrate) with deep constrictions at the sinus. Each semicell is sub-divided into three lobes, two of which are lateral and the third apical (polar). The lateral lobes are further sub-divided into smaller lobes and lobules by means of incisions of various depths. The polar lobes are narrow with a pair of pointed extensions at each end. The polar extensions interlock where neighbouring cells are attached to each other. The cells are 70-80
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in length and 65-80
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
wide (isthmus 13-16
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
). The morphology of specimens in our samples corresponds to the original description by
<bibRefCitation author="Ralfs, J" journalOrPublisher="Reeve, Benham &amp; Reeve, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B53" refString="Ralfs, J, 1848. The British Desmidieae. Reeve, Benham &amp; Reeve, London" title="The British Desmidieae." year="1848">Ralfs (1848)</bibRefCitation>
and later descriptions, such as those provided by
<bibRefCitation author="Kim, HS" journalOrPublisher="Desmidiales: Closteriaceae II, Desmidiaceae II. Freshwater Green Algae. Sang Pal Lee Publisher" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B27" refString="Kim, HS, 2013. Algal Flora of Korea (Vol. 6, Number 3). Charophyta: Conjugatophyceae (Desmids II). Desmidiales: Closteriaceae II, Desmidiaceae II. Freshwater Green Algae. Sang Pal Lee Publisher" title="Algal Flora of Korea (Vol. 6, Number 3). Charophyta: Conjugatophyceae (Desmids II)." year="2013">Kim (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13102/scb578" author="Ribeiro, CA" journalOrPublisher="Ciencias Biologicas, Sitientibus serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B55" refString="Ribeiro, CA, Ramos, GJP, Oliveira, IB, Moura, CWN, 2015. Micrasterias (Zygnematophyceae) de duas areas do Pantanal dos Marimbus (Baiano e Remanso), Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil. Ciencias Biologicas, Sitientibus serie 15: 1 - 12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13102/scb578" title="Micrasterias (Zygnematophyceae) de duas areas do Pantanal dos Marimbus (Baiano e Remanso), Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.13102/scb578" volume="15" year="2015">Ribeiro et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.226.103500.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/847712" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Morphology of
<taxonomicName authority="var. foliacea" family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea subsp. var. var. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="variety" species="foliacea" subSpecies="var." variety="foliacea">M. foliacea var. foliacea</taxonomicName>
found in samples from Mozambique
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
six cells illustrating chain formation
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B</emphasis>
two adjacent cells indicating the interlocking polar extensions
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
morphology of a single cell. Scale bars: 30
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
A description of
<bibRefCitation author="Ling, HU" journalOrPublisher="Cramer in der Gebrueder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, Stuttgart" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B35" refString="Ling, HU, Taylor, PA, 2000. Australian Freshwater Algae (exclusive of diatoms). J. Cramer in der Gebrueder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin, Stuttgart" title="Australian Freshwater Algae (exclusive of diatoms). J." year="2000">Ling and Taylor (2000)</bibRefCitation>
of a form of
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded from the Northern Territories in Australia indicated a simpler form with less divided lateral lobes and one, instead of the usual two, triangular process on the face of the polar lobe. Cell length without processes was 66-67
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, and with processes 91-95
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; width was 102-109
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; apex 38-43
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
and isthmus 14-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
A map, illustrating the geographical distribution of
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is presented in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Worldwide distribution of different varieties of Micrasterias foliacea." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.226.103500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/847713" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">2</figureCitation>
. This figure shows that variety
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bailey ex Ralfs" authorityYear="1848" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Micrasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Micrasterias foliacea" order="Desmidiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Charophyta" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Micrasterias foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(type) is widely distributed, being present on most continents. It is, however, only recorded from the eastern side of North America and, surprisingly, it is completely absent from European countries.
<bibRefCitation author="Palamar-Mordvintseva, GM" journalOrPublisher="Naukova Dumka Publishing House, Kiev" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B47" refString="Palamar-Mordvintseva, GM, 1984. Identification guide of the freshwater algae of Ukrainian SSR. VIII. Conjugatophyceae. Part 1. Mesotaeniales, Gonatozygales, Desmidiales. Naukova Dumka Publishing House, Kiev" title="Identification guide of the freshwater algae of Ukrainian SSR. VIII. Conjugatophyceae. Part 1. Mesotaeniales, Gonatozygales, Desmidiales." year="1984">Palamar-Mordvintseva (1984)</bibRefCitation>
speculated that this species can possibly be found in future in the rice fields of southern Ukraine, but according to the general known distribution of this species it is doubtful that this statement is true. A detailed list, with references, of all localities where this variety was found is presented in Suppl. material 1.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.226.103500.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/847713" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Worldwide distribution of different varieties of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bailey ex Ralfs" authorityYear="1848" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Micrasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Micrasterias foliacea" order="Desmidiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Charophyta" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Micrasterias foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
From intensive literature searches it is clear that the habitats of free-living
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are exceptionally diverse. It can be found in plankton and periphyton of a variety of different lentic and lotic water bodies. Lentic (stagnant) water bodies include wetlands, marshes, various types of swamps (e.g., peat swamps) and ponds (including irrigation and oxidation ponds, rainwater ponds, rock ponds, fishponds, and small ponds in botanical gardens), reservoirs, deltas, floodplains, lagoons and lakes (including crater lakes), flooded savannahs and meadows, and in ditches associated with paddy (rice) fields. It is most common in small and shallow (&lt;1 to 2 m) ponds, but it was also occasionally found at the embankments of larger standing water bodies, e.g., Lake Laguna de Bay in the Philippines (4-6 m deep;
<bibRefCitation author="Behre, K" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B3" refString="Behre, K, 1956. Die Sueβwasser-Algen der Wallacea-Expedition (ohne die Diatomeen und Peridineen). Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Supplement 23 (1): 1 - 104" title="Die Sueβwasser-Algen der Wallacea-Expedition (ohne die Diatomeen und Peridineen)." volume="23" year="1956">Behre 1956</bibRefCitation>
). Lotic habitats include cobbles, streams, rivers, and irrigation canals. In addition, it was also recorded from a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Nigeria with high conductivity levels (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of waterbodies throughout the world in which M. foliacea var. foliacea was found." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33">1</tableCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ubong, G" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="71 - 79" refId="B68" refString="Ubong, G, Aniema, I-E, Ndueso, I, 2017. Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience 5 (4): 71 - 79" title="Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria." volume="5" year="2017">Ubong et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). In these habitats, it often occurs between floating algal masses. In terrestrial habitats it may be found amongst moist mosses, growing on the surface of rocks, or inhabiting wet soils.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Table 1.</emphasis>
Physico-chemical properties of waterbodies throughout the world in which
<taxonomicName authority="var. foliacea" family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea subsp. var. var. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="variety" species="foliacea" subSpecies="var." variety="foliacea">M. foliacea var. foliacea</taxonomicName>
was found.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Environmental variable</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Value/Ranges</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Country</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Reference</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="23">pH</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Cambodia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Hirano, M" journalOrPublisher="Kyoto University" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="123 - 157" refId="B19" refString="Hirano, M, 1972. Desmids from Cambodia, with special reference to Phytoplankton of Lake Grands Lacs (Tonle Sap). Contributions from the Biological Laboratory. Kyoto University 22 (3-4): 123 - 157" title="Desmids from Cambodia, with special reference to Phytoplankton of Lake Grands Lacs (Tonle Sap). Contributions from the Biological Laboratory." volume="22" year="1972">Hirano 1972</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">4.7-5.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Malaysia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Ratnasabapathy, M" journalOrPublisher="The Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Phycology (Sorui)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="22 - 28" refId="B54" refString="Ratnasabapathy, M, Kumano, S, 1974. Desmids from Tasek Bera, West Malaysia. The Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Phycology (Sorui) 22 (1): 22 - 28" title="Desmids from Tasek Bera, West Malaysia." volume="22" year="1974">Ratnasabapathy and Kumano 1974</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
5.78
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.76, 6.10
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.44, 6.12
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.74
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Malaysia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Noor, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B42" refString="Noor, S, Salleh, A, Nasrodin, S, 2012. Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3rd-5th March 2012, Paper Code No. I2040: I2040-1-I2040-10." title="Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3 rd- 5 th March 2012, Paper Code No. I 2040: I 2040 - 1 - I 2040 - 10." year="2012">Noor et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">8.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Philippines</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Behre, K" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B3" refString="Behre, K, 1956. Die Sueβwasser-Algen der Wallacea-Expedition (ohne die Diatomeen und Peridineen). Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Supplement 23 (1): 1 - 104" title="Die Sueβwasser-Algen der Wallacea-Expedition (ohne die Diatomeen und Peridineen)." volume="23" year="1956">Behre 1956</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">5.0-5.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Sumatra</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00040416" author="Scott, AM" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 132" refId="B59" refString="Scott, AM, Prescott, GW, 1961. Indonesian Desmids. Hydrobiologia 17 (1-2): 1 - 132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00040416" title="Indonesian Desmids." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00040416" volume="17" year="1961">Scott and Prescott 1961</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">6.3-6.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Russia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Gontcharov, AA" journalOrPublisher=", Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="59 - 80" refId="B16" refString="Gontcharov, AA, 1997. Contribution to the desmid flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russia. Bulletin of National Science Museum, Ser. B., Tokyo 23 (2): 59 - 80" title="Contribution to the desmid flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russia. Bulletin of National Science Museum, Ser. B." volume="23" year="1997">Gontcharov 1997</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">5.6-7.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">South Korea</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" author="Kim, HS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ecology and Environment" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="285 - 298" refId="B28" refString="Kim, HS, 2014. Desmids from Korea; 1. Desmidiaceae 1 (Micrasterias). Journal of Ecology and Environment 37 (4): 285 - 298, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" title="Desmids from Korea; 1. Desmidiaceae 1 (Micrasterias)." url="https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" volume="37" year="2014">Kim 2014</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">5.6, 5.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" author="Ngearnpat, N" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="897 - 902" refId="B40" refString="Ngearnpat, N, Coesel, PFM, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2008. Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps. Biologia 63 (6): 897 - 902, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" title="Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" volume="63" year="2008">Ngearnpat et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
7.42
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.11
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" author="Prasertsin, T" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversitas (Surakarta)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="343 - 350" refId="B49" refString="Prasertsin, T, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2018. Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand. Biodiversitas (Surakarta) 19 (1): 343 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" title="Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" volume="19" year="2018">Prasertsin and Peerepornpisal 2018</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">7.6-8.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Dayala, VT" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B13" refString="Ecology and biodiversity of Lower Ganga River basin (2012) Ganga river basin environment management plan, indian institutes of technology. Report Code: 026_GBP_IIT_ENB_DAT_04_Ver_Jun 2012: 1-48." year="2014">Ecology and biodiversity of Lower Ganga River basin 2012</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">6.5-7.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Kalita, SR" journalOrPublisher="Series a Thesis Conceptual Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="10 - 14" refId="B26" refString="Kalita, SR, Ahmed, R, Das, M, 2016. Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Phytoplanktonic Diversity of Urpod Beel, Goalpara Assam (India). Series a Thesis Conceptual Magazine 3 (7): 10 - 14" title="Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Phytoplanktonic Diversity of Urpod Beel, Goalpara Assam (India)." volume="3" year="2016">Kalita et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">5.7-6.8 (open water), 5.2 (littoral vegetation)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Zambia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Thomasson, K" journalOrPublisher="Project report submitted to Kerala Research Programme on Local Development, Centre for Developmental Studies, Thiruvanandapuram" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B63" refString="Thomasson, K, 1966. Le phytoplancton du lac Shiwa Ngandu: Phytoplankton of Lake Shiwa Ngandu. Exploration hydrobiologique du bassin du lac Bangweolo et du Luapula, v.4, fasc.2: 1-91." title="Le phytoplancton du lac Shiwa Ngandu: Phytoplankton of Lake Shiwa Ngandu. Exploration hydrobiologique du bassin du lac Bangweolo et du Luapula, v. 4, fasc. 2: 1 - 91." year="1966">Thomasson 1966</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Congo</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024300" author="Van Oye, P" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="239 - 308" refId="B69" refString="Van Oye, P, 1953. Contribution a la connaissance des Desmidiees du Congo belge. Hydrobiologia 5 (3): 239 - 308, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024300" title="Contribution a la connaissance des Desmidiees du Congo belge." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024300" volume="5" year="1953">Van Oye 1953</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">8.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Ubong, G" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="71 - 79" refId="B68" refString="Ubong, G, Aniema, I-E, Ndueso, I, 2017. Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience 5 (4): 71 - 79" title="Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria." volume="5" year="2017">Ubong et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">6.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">South Africa</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Claassen, MI" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B7" refString="Claassen, MI, 1982. 'n Taksonomiese studie van Transvaalse varswater Euglenophyceae en Chlorophyceae. PhD Thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa. [In Afrikaans]" title="' n Taksonomiese studie van Transvaalse varswater Euglenophyceae en Chlorophyceae. PhD Thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa. [In Afrikaans]" year="1982">Claassen 1982</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">8.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" author="Ali, AD" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 49" refId="B1" refString="Ali, AD, Abiem, I, Alisha, EB, Musa, PJ, 2016. Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria). International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience 4 (4): 39 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" title="Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria)." url="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" volume="4" year="2016">Ali et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Das, D" journalOrPublisher="Nelumbo" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="172 - 180" refId="B10" refString="Das, D, Keshri, JP, 2013. Desmids from South Sikkim, India. Nelumbo 55: 172 - 180" title="Desmids from South Sikkim, India." volume="55" year="2013">Das and Keshri 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Das, D" journalOrPublisher="Nelumbo" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B11" refString="Das, D, Keshri, JP, 2016. Desmids of Eastern Himalaya. J. Cramer in Borntraeger Science Publishers, Stuttgart: 1-260. Bibliotheca Phycologica: e119." title="Desmids of Eastern Himalaya. J. Cramer in Borntraeger Science Publishers, Stuttgart: 1 - 260. Bibliotheca Phycologica: e 119." year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">6.44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Botswana</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Williamson, DB" journalOrPublisher="Quekett Journal of Microscopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="35 - 37" refId="B71" refString="Williamson, DB, Marazzi, L, 2013. A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Quekett Journal of Microscopy 42: 35 - 37" title="A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana." volume="42" year="2013">Williamson and Marazzi 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">5.7, 8.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">USA</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Oyadomari, J" journalOrPublisher="Mindex Publishing Company Limited, Benin City" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" publicationUrl="http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/gallery_pages/charophyceans3.htm" refId="B46" refString="Oyadomari, J, 2013. Keweenaw Algae. http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/gallery_pages/charophyceans3.htm" title="Keweenaw Algae." url="http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/gallery_pages/charophyceans3.htm" year="2013">Oyadomari 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">5.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Brazil</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Thomasson, K" journalOrPublisher="Botaniska Notiser, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="41 - 51" refId="B64" refString="Thomasson, K, 1977. Two conspicuous desmids from Amazonas. Botaniska Notiser, Stockholm 130: 41 - 51" title="Two conspicuous desmids from Amazonas." volume="130" year="1977">Thomasson 1977</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">5.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Suriname</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7106-1_1" author="Leentvaar, P" journalOrPublisher="Studies of the fauna of Suriname and other Gayanas" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 173" refId="B31" refString="Leentvaar, P, 1975. Hydrobiological observations in Surinam with special reference to the man-made Brokopondo Lake. Studies of the fauna of Suriname and other Gayanas 56: 1 - 173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7106-1_1" title="Hydrobiological observations in Surinam with special reference to the man-made Brokopondo Lake." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7106-1_1" volume="56" year="1975">Leentvaar 1975</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">5.26-5.83</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Australia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Thomasson, K" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="301 - 378" refId="B65" refString="Thomasson, K, 1986. Algal Vegetation in North Australian Billabongs. Nova Hedwigia 42 (204): 301 - 378" title="Algal Vegetation in North Australian Billabongs." volume="42" year="1986">Thomasson 1986</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">6.8-7.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">USA</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-26-2-293.1" author="Ngo, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="14 - 26" refId="B41" refString="Ngo, H, Prescott, GW, Czarnecki, DB, 1986-1987. Additions and confirmations to the algal flora of Itasca State Park. I. Desmids and diatoms from North Deming Pond. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science 52 (2): 14 - 26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-26-2-293.1" title="Additions and confirmations to the algal flora of Itasca State Park. I. Desmids and diatoms from North Deming Pond." url="https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-26-2-293.1" volume="52" year="1986 - 1987">Ngo et al. 1986-1987</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="16">Water temperature (°C)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">26.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Cambodia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Hirano, M" journalOrPublisher="Kyoto University" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="123 - 157" refId="B19" refString="Hirano, M, 1972. Desmids from Cambodia, with special reference to Phytoplankton of Lake Grands Lacs (Tonle Sap). Contributions from the Biological Laboratory. Kyoto University 22 (3-4): 123 - 157" title="Desmids from Cambodia, with special reference to Phytoplankton of Lake Grands Lacs (Tonle Sap). Contributions from the Biological Laboratory." volume="22" year="1972">Hirano 1972</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">23.8-26.9 (running water) 23.4-33.4 (still water)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Malaysia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Ratnasabapathy, M" journalOrPublisher="The Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Phycology (Sorui)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="22 - 28" refId="B54" refString="Ratnasabapathy, M, Kumano, S, 1974. Desmids from Tasek Bera, West Malaysia. The Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Phycology (Sorui) 22 (1): 22 - 28" title="Desmids from Tasek Bera, West Malaysia." volume="22" year="1974">Ratnasabapathy and Kumano 1974</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
27.01
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.2, 27.22
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.96, 27.33
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.87
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Malaysia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Noor, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B42" refString="Noor, S, Salleh, A, Nasrodin, S, 2012. Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3rd-5th March 2012, Paper Code No. I2040: I2040-1-I2040-10." title="Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3 rd- 5 th March 2012, Paper Code No. I 2040: I 2040 - 1 - I 2040 - 10." year="2012">Noor et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">8, 10, 21</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Das, D" journalOrPublisher="Nelumbo" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B11" refString="Das, D, Keshri, JP, 2016. Desmids of Eastern Himalaya. J. Cramer in Borntraeger Science Publishers, Stuttgart: 1-260. Bibliotheca Phycologica: e119." title="Desmids of Eastern Himalaya. J. Cramer in Borntraeger Science Publishers, Stuttgart: 1 - 260. Bibliotheca Phycologica: e 119." year="2016">Das and Keshri 2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">22-26</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Russia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Gontcharov, AA" journalOrPublisher=", Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="59 - 80" refId="B16" refString="Gontcharov, AA, 1997. Contribution to the desmid flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russia. Bulletin of National Science Museum, Ser. B., Tokyo 23 (2): 59 - 80" title="Contribution to the desmid flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russia. Bulletin of National Science Museum, Ser. B." volume="23" year="1997">Gontcharov 1997</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">29.1, 32.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" author="Ngearnpat, N" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="897 - 902" refId="B40" refString="Ngearnpat, N, Coesel, PFM, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2008. Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps. Biologia 63 (6): 897 - 902, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" title="Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" volume="63" year="2008">Ngearnpat et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
30
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.71
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" author="Prasertsin, T" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversitas (Surakarta)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="343 - 350" refId="B49" refString="Prasertsin, T, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2018. Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand. Biodiversitas (Surakarta) 19 (1): 343 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" title="Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" volume="19" year="2018">Prasertsin and Peerepornpisal 2018</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">18.6-30.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Dayala, VT" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B13" refString="Ecology and biodiversity of Lower Ganga River basin (2012) Ganga river basin environment management plan, indian institutes of technology. Report Code: 026_GBP_IIT_ENB_DAT_04_Ver_Jun 2012: 1-48." year="2014">Ecology and biodiversity of Lower Ganga River basin 2012</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">17.8-30.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Kalita, SR" journalOrPublisher="Series a Thesis Conceptual Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="10 - 14" refId="B26" refString="Kalita, SR, Ahmed, R, Das, M, 2016. Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Phytoplanktonic Diversity of Urpod Beel, Goalpara Assam (India). Series a Thesis Conceptual Magazine 3 (7): 10 - 14" title="Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Phytoplanktonic Diversity of Urpod Beel, Goalpara Assam (India)." volume="3" year="2016">Kalita et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">35</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Guinea</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Bourrelly, P" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Phycologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B5" refString="Bourrelly, P, 1975. Quelques algues d'eau douce de Guinee. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3e serie, n.276, 20: 1-72." title="Quelques algues d'eau douce de Guinee. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3 e serie, n. 276, 20: 1 - 72." year="1975">Bourrelly 1975</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">23-24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">USA</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Oyadomari, J" journalOrPublisher="Mindex Publishing Company Limited, Benin City" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" publicationUrl="http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/gallery_pages/charophyceans3.htm" refId="B46" refString="Oyadomari, J, 2013. Keweenaw Algae. http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/gallery_pages/charophyceans3.htm" title="Keweenaw Algae." url="http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/gallery_pages/charophyceans3.htm" year="2013">Oyadomari 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">28.5-31.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Australia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Thomasson, K" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="301 - 378" refId="B65" refString="Thomasson, K, 1986. Algal Vegetation in North Australian Billabongs. Nova Hedwigia 42 (204): 301 - 378" title="Algal Vegetation in North Australian Billabongs." volume="42" year="1986">Thomasson 1986</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">India</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Das, D" journalOrPublisher="Nelumbo" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="172 - 180" refId="B10" refString="Das, D, Keshri, JP, 2013. Desmids from South Sikkim, India. Nelumbo 55: 172 - 180" title="Desmids from South Sikkim, India." volume="55" year="2013">Das and Keshri 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">21.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Botswana</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Williamson, DB" journalOrPublisher="Quekett Journal of Microscopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="35 - 37" refId="B71" refString="Williamson, DB, Marazzi, L, 2013. A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Quekett Journal of Microscopy 42: 35 - 37" title="A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana." volume="42" year="2013">Williamson and Marazzi 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">33.46</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" author="Ali, AD" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 49" refId="B1" refString="Ali, AD, Abiem, I, Alisha, EB, Musa, PJ, 2016. Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria). International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience 4 (4): 39 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" title="Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria)." url="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" volume="4" year="2016">Ali et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">26.17</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Ubong, G" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="71 - 79" refId="B68" refString="Ubong, G, Aniema, I-E, Ndueso, I, 2017. Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience 5 (4): 71 - 79" title="Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria." volume="5" year="2017">Ubong et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="9">Conductivity (μS/cm)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
31.88
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
17, 33.88
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
12, 34.75
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
19
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Malaysia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Noor, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B42" refString="Noor, S, Salleh, A, Nasrodin, S, 2012. Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3rd-5th March 2012, Paper Code No. I2040: I2040-1-I2040-10." title="Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3 rd- 5 th March 2012, Paper Code No. I 2040: I 2040 - 1 - I 2040 - 10." year="2012">Noor et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">36-55, 44-108</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">South Korea</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" author="Kim, HS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ecology and Environment" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="285 - 298" refId="B28" refString="Kim, HS, 2014. Desmids from Korea; 1. Desmidiaceae 1 (Micrasterias). Journal of Ecology and Environment 37 (4): 285 - 298, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" title="Desmids from Korea; 1. Desmidiaceae 1 (Micrasterias)." url="https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" volume="37" year="2014">Kim 2014</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">315, 327</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" author="Ngearnpat, N" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="897 - 902" refId="B40" refString="Ngearnpat, N, Coesel, PFM, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2008. Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps. Biologia 63 (6): 897 - 902, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" title="Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" volume="63" year="2008">Ngearnpat et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">15, 6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">USA</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Oyadomari, J" journalOrPublisher="Mindex Publishing Company Limited, Benin City" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" publicationUrl="http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/gallery_pages/charophyceans3.htm" refId="B46" refString="Oyadomari, J, 2013. Keweenaw Algae. http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/gallery_pages/charophyceans3.htm" title="Keweenaw Algae." url="http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/gallery_pages/charophyceans3.htm" year="2013">Oyadomari 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">23-58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Australia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Thomasson, K" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="301 - 378" refId="B65" refString="Thomasson, K, 1986. Algal Vegetation in North Australian Billabongs. Nova Hedwigia 42 (204): 301 - 378" title="Algal Vegetation in North Australian Billabongs." volume="42" year="1986">Thomasson 1986</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">76.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Botswana</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Williamson, DB" journalOrPublisher="Quekett Journal of Microscopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="35 - 37" refId="B71" refString="Williamson, DB, Marazzi, L, 2013. A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Quekett Journal of Microscopy 42: 35 - 37" title="A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana." volume="42" year="2013">Williamson and Marazzi 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">74.34</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" author="Ali, AD" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 49" refId="B1" refString="Ali, AD, Abiem, I, Alisha, EB, Musa, PJ, 2016. Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria). International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience 4 (4): 39 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" title="Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria)." url="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" volume="4" year="2016">Ali et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
49993.33
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
634.09
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Ubong, G" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="71 - 79" refId="B68" refString="Ubong, G, Aniema, I-E, Ndueso, I, 2017. Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience 5 (4): 71 - 79" title="Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria." volume="5" year="2017">Ubong et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
94.80
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.39
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" author="Prasertsin, T" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversitas (Surakarta)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="343 - 350" refId="B49" refString="Prasertsin, T, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2018. Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand. Biodiversitas (Surakarta) 19 (1): 343 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" title="Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" volume="19" year="2018">Prasertsin and Peerepornpisal 2018</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="7">Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
2.35
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.62, 3.16
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.22, 3.44
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.76
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Malaysia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Noor, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B42" refString="Noor, S, Salleh, A, Nasrodin, S, 2012. Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3rd-5th March 2012, Paper Code No. I2040: I2040-1-I2040-10." title="Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3 rd- 5 th March 2012, Paper Code No. I 2040: I 2040 - 1 - I 2040 - 10." year="2012">Noor et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">4.2, 8.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" author="Ngearnpat, N" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="897 - 902" refId="B40" refString="Ngearnpat, N, Coesel, PFM, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2008. Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps. Biologia 63 (6): 897 - 902, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" title="Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" volume="63" year="2008">Ngearnpat et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">3.69-6.67</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Australia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Thomasson, K" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="301 - 378" refId="B65" refString="Thomasson, K, 1986. Algal Vegetation in North Australian Billabongs. Nova Hedwigia 42 (204): 301 - 378" title="Algal Vegetation in North Australian Billabongs." volume="42" year="1986">Thomasson 1986</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">1.70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Botswana</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Williamson, DB" journalOrPublisher="Quekett Journal of Microscopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="35 - 37" refId="B71" refString="Williamson, DB, Marazzi, L, 2013. A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Quekett Journal of Microscopy 42: 35 - 37" title="A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana." volume="42" year="2013">Williamson and Marazzi 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">5.74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" author="Ali, AD" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 49" refId="B1" refString="Ali, AD, Abiem, I, Alisha, EB, Musa, PJ, 2016. Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria). International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience 4 (4): 39 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" title="Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria)." url="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" volume="4" year="2016">Ali et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">6.12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Ubong, G" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="71 - 79" refId="B68" refString="Ubong, G, Aniema, I-E, Ndueso, I, 2017. Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience 5 (4): 71 - 79" title="Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria." volume="5" year="2017">Ubong et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
7.10
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.79
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" author="Prasertsin, T" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversitas (Surakarta)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="343 - 350" refId="B49" refString="Prasertsin, T, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2018. Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand. Biodiversitas (Surakarta) 19 (1): 343 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" title="Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" volume="19" year="2018">Prasertsin and Peerepornpisal 2018</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="3">Alkalinity (meq/L)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">0.038-0.082</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Australia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Thomasson, K" journalOrPublisher="Nova Hedwigia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="301 - 378" refId="B65" refString="Thomasson, K, 1986. Algal Vegetation in North Australian Billabongs. Nova Hedwigia 42 (204): 301 - 378" title="Algal Vegetation in North Australian Billabongs." volume="42" year="1986">Thomasson 1986</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">2.53</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" author="Ali, AD" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 49" refId="B1" refString="Ali, AD, Abiem, I, Alisha, EB, Musa, PJ, 2016. Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria). International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience 4 (4): 39 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" title="Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria)." url="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" volume="4" year="2016">Ali et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
149.00
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.65
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" author="Prasertsin, T" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversitas (Surakarta)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="343 - 350" refId="B49" refString="Prasertsin, T, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2018. Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand. Biodiversitas (Surakarta) 19 (1): 343 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" title="Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" volume="19" year="2018">Prasertsin and Peerepornpisal 2018</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Total alkalinity (mg/L)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">11, 11.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" author="Ngearnpat, N" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="897 - 902" refId="B40" refString="Ngearnpat, N, Coesel, PFM, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2008. Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps. Biologia 63 (6): 897 - 902, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" title="Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" volume="63" year="2008">Ngearnpat et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="2">Phosphate-phosphorus (mg/L)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
0.13
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.28 0.15
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.39 0.18
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.45
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Malaysia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Noor, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B42" refString="Noor, S, Salleh, A, Nasrodin, S, 2012. Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3rd-5th March 2012, Paper Code No. I2040: I2040-1-I2040-10." title="Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3 rd- 5 th March 2012, Paper Code No. I 2040: I 2040 - 1 - I 2040 - 10." year="2012">Noor et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">0.66</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" author="Ali, AD" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 49" refId="B1" refString="Ali, AD, Abiem, I, Alisha, EB, Musa, PJ, 2016. Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria). International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience 4 (4): 39 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" title="Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria)." url="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" volume="4" year="2016">Ali et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Soluble Reactive Phosphate (mg/L)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
0.52
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.28
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" author="Prasertsin, T" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversitas (Surakarta)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="343 - 350" refId="B49" refString="Prasertsin, T, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2018. Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand. Biodiversitas (Surakarta) 19 (1): 343 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" title="Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" volume="19" year="2018">Prasertsin and Peerepornpisal 2018</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="2">Nitrate-nitrogen (mg/L)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
0.15
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.1 0.15
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.2 0.18
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.2
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Malaysia</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Noor, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B42" refString="Noor, S, Salleh, A, Nasrodin, S, 2012. Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3rd-5th March 2012, Paper Code No. I2040: I2040-1-I2040-10." title="Desmid flora in Tasik Sungai Semuji, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Proceedings of the 2 nd International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences &amp; Technology, Penang, Malaysia, 3 rd- 5 th March 2012, Paper Code No. I 2040: I 2040 - 1 - I 2040 - 10." year="2012">Noor et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">12.63</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" author="Ali, AD" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 49" refId="B1" refString="Ali, AD, Abiem, I, Alisha, EB, Musa, PJ, 2016. Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria). International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience 4 (4): 39 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" title="Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria)." url="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" volume="4" year="2016">Ali et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="4">Turbidity (NTU)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Botswana</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Williamson, DB" journalOrPublisher="Quekett Journal of Microscopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="35 - 37" refId="B71" refString="Williamson, DB, Marazzi, L, 2013. A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Quekett Journal of Microscopy 42: 35 - 37" title="A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana." volume="42" year="2013">Williamson and Marazzi 2013</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">0.46</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" author="Ali, AD" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 49" refId="B1" refString="Ali, AD, Abiem, I, Alisha, EB, Musa, PJ, 2016. Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria). International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience 4 (4): 39 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" title="Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria)." url="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" volume="4" year="2016">Ali et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">25.55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Nigeria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Ubong, G" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="71 - 79" refId="B68" refString="Ubong, G, Aniema, I-E, Ndueso, I, 2017. Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience 5 (4): 71 - 79" title="Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria." volume="5" year="2017">Ubong et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
8.07
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.7
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rowspan="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" author="Prasertsin, T" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversitas (Surakarta)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="343 - 350" refId="B49" refString="Prasertsin, T, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2018. Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand. Biodiversitas (Surakarta) 19 (1): 343 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" title="Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" volume="19" year="2018">Prasertsin and Peerepornpisal 2018</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Besides being free-living, it can also be found as epiphytes on aquatic plants (
<bibRefCitation author="Jena, M" journalOrPublisher="Nelumbo" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="21 - 48" refId="B23" refString="Jena, M, Adhikary, SP, 2011. Algal diversity of Loktak Lake, Manipur. Nelumbo 53: 21 - 48" title="Algal diversity of Loktak Lake, Manipur." volume="53" year="2011">Jena and Adhikary 2011</bibRefCitation>
). It is frequently found living on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Utricularia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Utricularia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Utricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, such as
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. flexuosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">U. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Luetkemueller, J" journalOrPublisher="Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="115 - 126" refId="B36" refString="Luetkemueller, J, 1900. Desmidiaceen aus den Ningpo-Mountains in Centralchina. Annalen des K.K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 15 (2): 115 - 126" title="Desmidiaceen aus den Ningpo-Mountains in Centralchina. Annalen des K. K." volume="15" year="1900">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lütkemüller">Luetkemueller</normalizedToken>
1900
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, WB" journalOrPublisher="Boktryckeriet, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B67" refString="Turner, WB, 1892. Algae Aquae Dulcis Indiae Orientalis. The Fresh-Water Algae (principally Desmidieae) of East India. Kongl. Boktryckeriet, Stockholm" title="Algae Aquae Dulcis Indiae Orientalis. The Fresh-Water Algae (principally Desmidieae) of East India. Kongl." year="1892">Turner 1892</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="U. fasciculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="fasciculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">U. fasciculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, WB" journalOrPublisher="Boktryckeriet, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B67" refString="Turner, WB, 1892. Algae Aquae Dulcis Indiae Orientalis. The Fresh-Water Algae (principally Desmidieae) of East India. Kongl. Boktryckeriet, Stockholm" title="Algae Aquae Dulcis Indiae Orientalis. The Fresh-Water Algae (principally Desmidieae) of East India. Kongl." year="1892">Turner 1892</bibRefCitation>
). It was also found on leaves of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Hymenachne" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenachne amplexicaulis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amplexicaulis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Hymenachne amplexicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Salazar Pereira, CV" journalOrPublisher="Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, La Plata" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B57" refString="Salazar Pereira, CV, 1991. Estudio sistematico de la ficoflora perifitica (Desmidiales y Euglenaceae) asociada a Himenachne amplexicaulis en una sabana inundable de Venezuela. Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, La Plata" title="Estudio sistematico de la ficoflora perifitica (Desmidiales y Euglenaceae) asociada a Himenachne amplexicaulis en una sabana inundable de Venezuela." year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Salazár">Salazar</normalizedToken>
Pereira 1991
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Salazar, C" journalOrPublisher="Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="95 - 131" refId="B56" refString="Salazar, C, 2006/2007. Desmidiaceae (Zygophyceae) asociadas a Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Poaceae) en una sabana tropical inundable, Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 166: 95 - 131" title="Desmidiaceae (Zygophyceae) asociadas a Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Poaceae) en una sabana tropical inundable, Venezuela." volume="166" year="2006 / 2007">Salazar 2006/2007</bibRefCitation>
) and the stems and roots of submerged
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ipomaea reptans" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Ipomaea reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Bourrelly, P" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Phycologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B5" refString="Bourrelly, P, 1975. Quelques algues d'eau douce de Guinee. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3e serie, n.276, 20: 1-72." title="Quelques algues d'eau douce de Guinee. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3 e serie, n. 276, 20: 1 - 72." year="1975">Bourrelly 1975</bibRefCitation>
). It was common in samples that were obtained when the roots of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Eichhornia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eichhornia crassipes" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Eichhornia crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pistia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pistia stratiotes" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stratiotes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Pistia stratiotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Salviniaceae" genus="Salvinia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvinia molesta" order="Salviniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molesta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Salvinia molesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and submerged aquatic macrophytes were squeezed out (
<bibRefCitation author="Bicudo, CEM" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Phycologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 230" refId="B4" refString="Bicudo, CEM, Sormus, L, 1982. Desmidioflorula paulista, 2: Genero Micrasterias C. Agardh ex Ralfs. Bibliotheca Phycologica 57: 1 - 230" title="Desmidioflorula paulista, 2: Genero Micrasterias C. Agardh ex Ralfs." volume="57" year="1982">Bicudo and Sormus 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3126/on.v6i1.1656" author="Rai, SK" journalOrPublisher="Our Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="58 - 66" refId="B52" refString="Rai, SK, Rai, RK, Paudel, N, 2008. Desmids from Bees-hazaar Lake, Chitwan, Nepal. Our Nature 6 (1): 58 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/on.v6i1.1656" title="Desmids from Bees-hazaar Lake, Chitwan, Nepal." url="https://doi.org/10.3126/on.v6i1.1656" volume="6" year="2008">Rai et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20175881" author="Paudel, N" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Scientific Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="523 - 526" refId="B48" refString="Paudel, N, 2017. New record of desmids from Ramwell-Rhino Lake, Chitwan, Nepal. International Journal of Scientific Research 6 (8): 523 - 526, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20175881" title="New record of desmids from Ramwell-Rhino Lake, Chitwan, Nepal." url="https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20175881" volume="6" year="2017">Paudel 2017</bibRefCitation>
). The species was also found in the stomachs of catfish
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bloch &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synodontis schall" order="Siluriformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schall">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Synodontis schall</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nigrita" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="nigrita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. nigrita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Laleye, P" journalOrPublisher="Belgian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="193 - 201" refId="B30" refString="Laleye, P, Chikou, A, Gnohossou, P, Vandewalle, P, Philippart, JC, Teugels, G, 2006. Studies on the biology of two species of catfish Synodontis schall and Synodontis nigrita (Ostariophysi: Mochokidae) from the Oueme River, Benin. Belgian Journal of Zoology 136 (2): 193 - 201" title="Studies on the biology of two species of catfish Synodontis schall and Synodontis nigrita (Ostariophysi: Mochokidae) from the Oueme River, Benin." volume="136" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lalèyè">Laleye</normalizedToken>
et al. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
A variety of aquatic plants inhabit waters in which
<taxonomicName authority="var. foliacea" family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea subsp. var. var. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="variety" species="foliacea" subSpecies="var." variety="foliacea">M. foliacea var. foliacea</taxonomicName>
was found. Shallow water was often dominated by species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Nymphaea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nymphaea" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Nymphaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Utricularia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Utricularia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Utricularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2422446" author="Schumacher, G" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="88 - 115" refId="B58" refString="Schumacher, G, 1956. A qualitative and quantitative study of the plankton algae in southwestern Georgia ponds. American Midland Naturalist 56 (1): 88 - 115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2422446" title="A qualitative and quantitative study of the plankton algae in southwestern Georgia ponds." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2422446" volume="56" year="1956">Schumacher 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Thomasson, K" journalOrPublisher="Project report submitted to Kerala Research Programme on Local Development, Centre for Developmental Studies, Thiruvanandapuram" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B63" refString="Thomasson, K, 1966. Le phytoplancton du lac Shiwa Ngandu: Phytoplankton of Lake Shiwa Ngandu. Exploration hydrobiologique du bassin du lac Bangweolo et du Luapula, v.4, fasc.2: 1-91." title="Le phytoplancton du lac Shiwa Ngandu: Phytoplankton of Lake Shiwa Ngandu. Exploration hydrobiologique du bassin du lac Bangweolo et du Luapula, v. 4, fasc. 2: 1 - 91." year="1966">Thomasson 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ratnasabapathy, M" journalOrPublisher="The Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Phycology (Sorui)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="22 - 28" refId="B54" refString="Ratnasabapathy, M, Kumano, S, 1974. Desmids from Tasek Bera, West Malaysia. The Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Phycology (Sorui) 22 (1): 22 - 28" title="Desmids from Tasek Bera, West Malaysia." volume="22" year="1974">Ratnasabapathy and Kumano 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, WB" journalOrPublisher="Boktryckeriet, Stockholm" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B67" refString="Turner, WB, 1892. Algae Aquae Dulcis Indiae Orientalis. The Fresh-Water Algae (principally Desmidieae) of East India. Kongl. Boktryckeriet, Stockholm" title="Algae Aquae Dulcis Indiae Orientalis. The Fresh-Water Algae (principally Desmidieae) of East India. Kongl." year="1892">Turner 1892</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez, AC" journalOrPublisher="Impreso en Universidad de Cienfuegos, Cuba" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B17" refString="Gonzalez, AC, 2009. Catalogo de las Algas y Cianoprocariotas Dulciacuicolas de Cuba. Impreso en Universidad de Cienfuegos, Cuba" title="Catalogo de las Algas y Cianoprocariotas Dulciacuicolas de Cuba." year="2009">
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). Other dominant species include those of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Pistia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pistia" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Pistia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Salviniaceae" genus="Salvinia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvinia" order="Salviniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Salvinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" author="Ngearnpat, N" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="897 - 902" refId="B40" refString="Ngearnpat, N, Coesel, PFM, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2008. Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps. Biologia 63 (6): 897 - 902, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" title="Diversity of desmids in three Thai peat swamps." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0140-x" volume="63" year="2008">Ngearnpat et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez, AC" journalOrPublisher="Impreso en Universidad de Cienfuegos, Cuba" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B17" refString="Gonzalez, AC, 2009. Catalogo de las Algas y Cianoprocariotas Dulciacuicolas de Cuba. Impreso en Universidad de Cienfuegos, Cuba" title="Catalogo de las Algas y Cianoprocariotas Dulciacuicolas de Cuba." year="2009">
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). In deeper waters
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cabombaceae" genus="Brasenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brasenia schreberi" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schreberi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Brasenia schreberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cabombaceae" genus="Cabomba" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cabomba caroliniana" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caroliniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Cabomba caroliniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Standley" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Small" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Nuphar" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nuphar orbiculata" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orbiculata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Nuphar orbiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Nymphaea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nymphaea odorata" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odorata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Nymphaea odorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Utricularia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Utricularia purpurea" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpurea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Utricularia purpurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were common (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2422446" author="Schumacher, G" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="88 - 115" refId="B58" refString="Schumacher, G, 1956. A qualitative and quantitative study of the plankton algae in southwestern Georgia ponds. American Midland Naturalist 56 (1): 88 - 115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2422446" title="A qualitative and quantitative study of the plankton algae in southwestern Georgia ponds." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2422446" volume="56" year="1956">Schumacher 1956</bibRefCitation>
). During the current study
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nymphaeaceae" genus="Nymphaea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nymphaea" order="Nymphaeales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Nymphaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dominated the macrophyte community at the sampling site in Botswana.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
The abundance of
<taxonomicName authority="var. foliacea" family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea subsp. var. var. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="variety" species="foliacea" subSpecies="var." variety="foliacea">M. foliacea var. foliacea</taxonomicName>
may range from extremely rare, present in low to moderate quantities (
<bibRefCitation author="Behre, K" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B3" refString="Behre, K, 1956. Die Sueβwasser-Algen der Wallacea-Expedition (ohne die Diatomeen und Peridineen). Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Supplement 23 (1): 1 - 104" title="Die Sueβwasser-Algen der Wallacea-Expedition (ohne die Diatomeen und Peridineen)." volume="23" year="1956">Behre 1956</bibRefCitation>
) or it may be common (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00040416" author="Scott, AM" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 132" refId="B59" refString="Scott, AM, Prescott, GW, 1961. Indonesian Desmids. Hydrobiologia 17 (1-2): 1 - 132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00040416" title="Indonesian Desmids." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00040416" volume="17" year="1961">Scott and Prescott 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Prowse, GA" journalOrPublisher="Gardens' Bulletin (Singapore)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="337 - 346" refId="B51" refString="Prowse, GA, 1969. Some new desmid taxa from Malaya and Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin (Singapore) 24: 337 - 346" title="Some new desmid taxa from Malaya and Singapore." volume="24" year="1969">Prowse 1969</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/116/1989/391" author="Kadiri, MO" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="391 - 399" refId="B25" refString="Kadiri, MO, Opute, FI, 1989. A rich flora of Micrasterias from the Ikpoba Reservoir, Nigeria. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie 116 (3): 391 - 399, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/116/1989/391" title="A rich flora of Micrasterias from the Ikpoba Reservoir, Nigeria." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/116/1989/391" volume="116" year="1989">Kadiri and Opute 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v8i2.16036" author="Kadiri, MO" journalOrPublisher="Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="223 - 237" refId="B24" refString="Kadiri, MO, 2002. A checklist of desmids in Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 8 (2): 223 - 237, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v8i2.16036" title="A checklist of desmids in Nigeria." url="https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v8i2.16036" volume="8" year="2002">Kadiri 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v13i1.589" author="Islam, AKMN" journalOrPublisher="Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B22" refString="Islam, AKMN, Ifranullah, HM, 2006. Hydrobiological studies within the tea gardens at Srimangal, Bangladesh. V. Desmids (Euastrum, Micrasterias, Actinotaenium and Cosmarium). Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 13 (1): 1 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v13i1.589" title="Hydrobiological studies within the tea gardens at Srimangal, Bangladesh. V. Desmids (Euastrum, Micrasterias, Actinotaenium and Cosmarium)." url="https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v13i1.589" volume="13" year="2006">Islam and Ifranullah 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Other authors described it as abundant (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" author="Kim, HS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ecology and Environment" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="285 - 298" refId="B28" refString="Kim, HS, 2014. Desmids from Korea; 1. Desmidiaceae 1 (Micrasterias). Journal of Ecology and Environment 37 (4): 285 - 298, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" title="Desmids from Korea; 1. Desmidiaceae 1 (Micrasterias)." url="https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" volume="37" year="2014">Kim 2014</bibRefCitation>
), or sometimes dominant (
<bibRefCitation author="Medvedeva, LA" editor="Medvedeva, LA" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Water and Ecological Problems of Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="64 - 79" refId="B39" refString="Medvedeva, LA, 2007. Results of algological study of middle part of River Bureya basin. In: Medvedeva, LA, Teslenko, VA, Tiunova, TM, Eds., Hydro-ecological monitoring in Bureyskaya Hydro-Electric Power Station zone influences. Institute of Water and Ecological Problems of Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk: 64 - 79" title="Results of algological study of middle part of River Bureya basin." volumeTitle="Hydro-ecological monitoring in Bureyskaya Hydro-Electric Power Station zone influences." year="2007">Medvedeva 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijmb.20130302.03" author="Ekhator, O" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Modern Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="25 - 31" refId="B14" refString="Ekhator, O, Ihenyen, JO, Okooboh, GO, 2013. Desmids of Osse River, Edo state, Nigeria. International Journal of Modern Botany 3 (2): 25 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijmb.20130302.03" title="Desmids of Osse River, Edo state, Nigeria." url="https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijmb.20130302.03" volume="3" year="2013">Ekhator et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Variety
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bailey ex Ralfs" authorityYear="1848" class="Conjugatophyceae" family="Desmidiaceae" genus="Micrasterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Micrasterias foliacea" order="Desmidiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Charophyta" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Micrasterias foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in a wide pH range and a literature overview, presented in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of waterbodies throughout the world in which M. foliacea var. foliacea was found." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33">1</tableCitation>
, shows that it is present in both acidic (min pH 4.7; Malaysia), as well as alkaline waters (max pH 8.3; India). Results from the literature review contradict a finding made by
<bibRefCitation author="Prescott, GW" journalOrPublisher="Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B50" refString="Prescott, GW, Scott, AM, 1943. The desmid genus Micrasterias Agardh in southeastern United States. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28: 67 - 82" title="The desmid genus Micrasterias Agardh in southeastern United States." volume="28" year="1943">Prescott and Scott (1943)</bibRefCitation>
who stated that the acidity of water in which
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows, varies between pH 5.8 and 6.4 (rarely as high as 6.8), and that this
<normalizedToken originalValue="species">species'</normalizedToken>
distribution is so specifically related to the chemistry of the water that it can be used as an indicator organism for soft and highly acid waters. After the study of
<bibRefCitation author="Prescott, GW" journalOrPublisher="Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="67 - 82" refId="B50" refString="Prescott, GW, Scott, AM, 1943. The desmid genus Micrasterias Agardh in southeastern United States. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28: 67 - 82" title="The desmid genus Micrasterias Agardh in southeastern United States." volume="28" year="1943">Prescott and Scott (1943)</bibRefCitation>
the species was frequently recorded in waters with pH values around 8 (Philippines, India, Nigeria, USA; see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of waterbodies throughout the world in which M. foliacea var. foliacea was found." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33">1</tableCitation>
), indicating that it can also tolerate and thrive in alkaline waters and that it is thus not suitable as an indicator organism. Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of waterbodies throughout the world in which M. foliacea var. foliacea was found." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33">1</tableCitation>
also indicates alkalinity ranges of water in which the species was recorded and, in accordance with the findings of
<bibRefCitation author="Foerster, K" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B15" refString="Foerster, K, 1982. Conjugatophyceae, Zygnematales und Desmidiales (excl. Zygnemataceae). In: Huber-Pestalozzi G (Ed.) Das Phytoplankton des Sueβwassers. Systematik und Biologie. 8. Teil, 1. Haelfe. (Die Binnengewaesser, Band XVI). E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart" title="Conjugatophyceae, Zygnematales und Desmidiales (excl. Zygnemataceae). In: Huber-Pestalozzi G (Ed.) Das Phytoplankton des Sueβwassers. Systematik und Biologie. 8. Teil, 1. Haelfe. (Die Binnengewaesser, Band XVI). E." year="1982">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
(1982)
</bibRefCitation>
, several published results show that it is usually found under neutral to alkaline conditions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
It was found in both winter (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v13i1.589" author="Islam, AKMN" journalOrPublisher="Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 20" refId="B22" refString="Islam, AKMN, Ifranullah, HM, 2006. Hydrobiological studies within the tea gardens at Srimangal, Bangladesh. V. Desmids (Euastrum, Micrasterias, Actinotaenium and Cosmarium). Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 13 (1): 1 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v13i1.589" title="Hydrobiological studies within the tea gardens at Srimangal, Bangladesh. V. Desmids (Euastrum, Micrasterias, Actinotaenium and Cosmarium)." url="https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v13i1.589" volume="13" year="2006">Islam and Ifranullah 2006</bibRefCitation>
) and summer (
<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, JK" journalOrPublisher="Project report submitted to Kerala Research Programme on Local Development, Centre for Developmental Studies, Thiruvanandapuram" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B62" refString="Thomas, JK, Sreekumar, S, Jaya, Cheriyan, 2003. Muriyad Wetlands: ecological changes and human consequences. Project report submitted to Kerala Research Programme on Local Development, Centre for Developmental Studies, Thiruvanandapuram" title="Muriyad Wetlands: ecological changes and human consequences." year="2003">Thomas et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" author="Prasertsin, T" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversitas (Surakarta)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="343 - 350" refId="B49" refString="Prasertsin, T, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2018. Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand. Biodiversitas (Surakarta) 19 (1): 343 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" title="Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" volume="19" year="2018">Prasertsin and Peerapornpisal 2018</bibRefCitation>
) seasons throughout the world. In India it was found during pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons (
<bibRefCitation author="Kalita, SR" journalOrPublisher="Series a Thesis Conceptual Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="10 - 14" refId="B26" refString="Kalita, SR, Ahmed, R, Das, M, 2016. Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Phytoplanktonic Diversity of Urpod Beel, Goalpara Assam (India). Series a Thesis Conceptual Magazine 3 (7): 10 - 14" title="Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Phytoplanktonic Diversity of Urpod Beel, Goalpara Assam (India)." volume="3" year="2016">Kalita et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Water temperature ranged between a minimum of 8 °C (India) and a maximum of 35 °C (Guinea), although it was most frequently recorded in moderate to high water temperatures, ranging from 23-27 °C (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of waterbodies throughout the world in which M. foliacea var. foliacea was found." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Typical conductivity levels of freshwater are below 1 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µS">µS</normalizedToken>
/cm, while typical sea water has a conductivity value of about 50 000
<normalizedToken originalValue="µS">µS</normalizedToken>
/cm.
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was usually found in freshwater with relatively low conductivity values (&lt;327
<normalizedToken originalValue="µS">µS</normalizedToken>
/cm; Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of waterbodies throughout the world in which M. foliacea var. foliacea was found." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33">1</tableCitation>
), but cells were also found in some estuaries, archipelagos and marine waters (
<bibRefCitation author="Chung, YH" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="7 - 29" refId="B6" refString="Chung, YH, Shim, JH, Lee, MJ, 1965. A study on the microflora of the Han River. 1. The phytoplanktons and the effect of the marine water in the lower course of the Han River. Korean Journal of Botany 8 (4): 7 - 29" title="A study on the microflora of the Han River. 1. The phytoplanktons and the effect of the marine water in the lower course of the Han River." volume="8" year="1965">Chung et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="McAlice, BJ" journalOrPublisher="Maine Sea Grant Information Leaflet 9, March 1975 (MEU-H- 75 - 001), Cooperative Extension Service, University of Maine, Orono, Maine" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B38" refString="McAlice, BJ, 1975. Preliminary checklist of planktonic microalgae from the Gulf of Maine. Maine Sea Grant Information Leaflet 9, March 1975 (MEU-H-75-001), Cooperative Extension Service, University of Maine, Orono, Maine" title="Preliminary checklist of planktonic microalgae from the Gulf of Maine." year="1975">McAlice 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Opute, FI" journalOrPublisher="Algological Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="73 - 92" refId="B44" refString="Opute, FI, 1992. Contribution to the knowledge of algae of Nigeria. 1. Desmids from the Warri / Forcados Estuaries. Part II. The genera Euastrum and Micrasterias. Algological Studies 65: 73 - 92" title="Contribution to the knowledge of algae of Nigeria. 1. Desmids from the Warri / Forcados Estuaries. Part II. The genera Euastrum and Micrasterias." volume="65" year="1992">Opute 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v8i2.16036" author="Kadiri, MO" journalOrPublisher="Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="223 - 237" refId="B24" refString="Kadiri, MO, 2002. A checklist of desmids in Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 8 (2): 223 - 237, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v8i2.16036" title="A checklist of desmids in Nigeria." url="https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v8i2.16036" volume="8" year="2002">Kadiri 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020981" author="Li, WKW" journalOrPublisher="Studies of the fauna of Suriname and other Gayanas" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B34" refString="Li, WKW, Andersen, RA, Gifford, DJ, Incze, LS, Martin, JL, Pilskaln, CH, Rooney-Varga, JN, Sieracki, ME, Wilson, WH, Wolff, NH, 2011. Planktonic Microbes in the Gulf of Maine Area. PLoS ONE 6(6) e20981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020981" title="Planktonic Microbes in the Gulf of Maine Area. PLoS ONE 6 (6) e 20981." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020981" year="2011">Li et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Dayala, VT" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B13" refString="Ecology and biodiversity of Lower Ganga River basin (2012) Ganga river basin environment management plan, indian institutes of technology. Report Code: 026_GBP_IIT_ENB_DAT_04_Ver_Jun 2012: 1-48." year="2014">Ecology and biodiversity of Lower Ganga River basin 2012</bibRefCitation>
; Silveira 2012;
<bibRefCitation author="Opute, FI" journalOrPublisher="Mindex Publishing Company Limited, Benin City" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B45" refString="Opute, FI, Kadiri, MO, 2013. Phytoplankton algae of Nigeria. A Practical &amp; Theoretical Guide (Vol. 1): The desmids. Mindex Publishing Company Limited, Benin City" title="Phytoplankton algae of Nigeria. A Practical &amp; Theoretical Guide (Vol. 1): The desmids." year="2013">Opute and Kadiri 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Dayala, VT" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="937 - 947" refId="B12" refString="Dayala, VT, Salas, PM, Sujatha, CH, 2014. Spatial and seasonal variations of phytoplankton species and their relationship to physicochemical variables in the Cochin estuarine waters, Southwest coast of India. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences 43 (6): 937 - 947" title="Spatial and seasonal variations of phytoplankton species and their relationship to physicochemical variables in the Cochin estuarine waters, Southwest coast of India." volume="43" year="2014">Dayala et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Mama, AC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="3667 - 3675" refId="B37" refString="Mama, AC, Mbeng, OL, Dongmo, ChT, Moto, I, Ngoupayou, NJR, Ohondja, ALM, 2016. Tidal variations and its impacts on the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in the Nyong Estuary of Cameroon. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology 3 (1): 3667 - 3675" title="Tidal variations and its impacts on the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in the Nyong Estuary of Cameroon." volume="3" year="2016">Mama et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ubong, G" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="71 - 79" refId="B68" refString="Ubong, G, Aniema, I-E, Ndueso, I, 2017. Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience 5 (4): 71 - 79" title="Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria." volume="5" year="2017">Ubong et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Average conductivity values in the tropical estuarine mangrove swamp (Nigeria) in which it was found by
<bibRefCitation author="Ubong, G" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="71 - 79" refId="B68" refString="Ubong, G, Aniema, I-E, Ndueso, I, 2017. Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience 5 (4): 71 - 79" title="Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria." volume="5" year="2017">Ubong et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
was in the order of 50 000
<normalizedToken originalValue="μS">μS</normalizedToken>
/cm, showing its ability to survive in saline water. It is, however, suspected that its presence in estuaries and oceans may be the result of outflows from the rivers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Physico-chemical properties of waterbodies throughout the world in which M. foliacea var. foliacea was found." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="C0070C50DCC531113EA170C366E9DA33">1</tableCitation>
shows nutrient ranges (phosphate-phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen) of water in which
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded. Based on these nutrient concentrations, it was mostly found in oligotrophic to slightly mesotrophic water (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" author="Kim, HS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ecology and Environment" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="285 - 298" refId="B28" refString="Kim, HS, 2014. Desmids from Korea; 1. Desmidiaceae 1 (Micrasterias). Journal of Ecology and Environment 37 (4): 285 - 298, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" title="Desmids from Korea; 1. Desmidiaceae 1 (Micrasterias)." url="https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.032" volume="37" year="2014">Kim 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" author="Ali, AD" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 49" refId="B1" refString="Ali, AD, Abiem, I, Alisha, EB, Musa, PJ, 2016. Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria). International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience 4 (4): 39 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" title="Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria)." url="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" volume="4" year="2016">Ali et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 1.7-8.0 mg/L in water in which
<taxonomicName family="Desmidiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. foliacea" order="Algae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="foliacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">M. foliacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded. It was mostly found in low turbidity (high transparency) waters (
<bibRefCitation author="Williamson, DB" journalOrPublisher="Quekett Journal of Microscopy" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="35 - 37" refId="B71" refString="Williamson, DB, Marazzi, L, 2013. A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Quekett Journal of Microscopy 42: 35 - 37" title="A new Cosmarium (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) variety from the Okavango Delta, Botswana." volume="42" year="2013">Williamson and Marazzi 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" author="Ali, AD" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="39 - 49" refId="B1" refString="Ali, AD, Abiem, I, Alisha, EB, Musa, PJ, 2016. Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria). International Journal of Pure &amp; Applied Bioscience 4 (4): 39 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" title="Floristic Composition of soft-bodied Algae of Pandam Lake (Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria)." url="https://doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2328" volume="4" year="2016">Ali et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ubong, G" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="71 - 79" refId="B68" refString="Ubong, G, Aniema, I-E, Ndueso, I, 2017. Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience 5 (4): 71 - 79" title="Bio-monitoring and diversity of phytoplankton in a tropical estuarine mangrove swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria." volume="5" year="2017">Ubong et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" author="Prasertsin, T" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversitas (Surakarta)" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="343 - 350" refId="B49" refString="Prasertsin, T, Peerapornpisal, Y, 2018. Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand. Biodiversitas (Surakarta) 19 (1): 343 - 350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" title="Distribution and isolation of microalgae for lipid production in selected freshwater reservoirs of northern Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190147" volume="19" year="2018">Prasertsin and Peerapornpisal 2018</bibRefCitation>
). However, in Thailand it was found in muddy, pale yellow-brown water with transparencies less than 1 m (
<bibRefCitation author="Hirano, M" journalOrPublisher="Kyoto University" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="187 - 203" refId="B20" refString="Hirano, M, 1975. Phytoplankton from Lake Boraphet in the central Plain of Thailand. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory. Kyoto University 24 (4): 187 - 203" title="Phytoplankton from Lake Boraphet in the central Plain of Thailand. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory." volume="24" year="1975">Hirano 1975</bibRefCitation>
) and in the middle reaches of the Niger River in Mali it was found in polluted, cloudy, muddy water having a sandy substrate (
<bibRefCitation author="Coute, A" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B8" refString="Coute, A, Rousselin, G, 1975. Contribution a l'etude des algues d'eau douce du Moyen Niger (Mali). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3e serie, n.277, 21: 73-175." title="Contribution a l'etude des algues d'eau douce du Moyen Niger (Mali). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3 e serie, n. 277, 21: 73 - 175." year="1975">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Couté">Coute</normalizedToken>
and Rousselin 1975
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>